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Chen M, Hu Z, Shi J, Xie Z. Human β-defensins and their synthetic analogs: Natural defenders and prospective new drugs of oral health. Life Sci 2024; 346:122591. [PMID: 38548013 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
As a family of cationic host defense peptides, human β-defensins (HBDs) are ubiquitous in the oral cavity and are mainly synthesized primarily by epithelial cells, serving as the primary barrier and aiming to prevent microbial invasion, inflammation, and disease while maintaining physiological homeostasis. In recent decades, there has been great interest in their biological functions, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential in oral diseases. Meanwhile, researchers are dedicated to improving the properties of HBDs for clinical application. In this review, we first describe the classification, structural characteristics, functions, and mechanisms of HBDs. Next, we cover the role of HBDs and their synthetic analogs in oral diseases, including dental caries and pulp infections, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, fungal/viral infections and oral mucosal diseases, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of clinical translation of HBDs and their synthetic analogs, including, but not limited to, stability, bioavailability, antimicrobial activity, resistance, and toxicity. Above all, this review summarizes the biological functions, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of both natural HBDs and their synthetic analogs in oral diseases, as well as the challenges associated with clinical translation, thus providing substantial insights into the laboratory development and clinical application of HBDs in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumian Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Zihe Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Jue Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Silva PHF, Oliveira LFF, Cardoso RS, Santana SI, Casarin RC, Ervolino E, Salvador SL, Palioto DB, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR. Effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis in rats. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:158-170. [PMID: 36495122 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: control, C-HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP-HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP-HD100 groups. In the C-HD100 and EP-HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109 PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-10, IL-1β, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)-1, BD-2, and BD-3, Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)-4, CD-8 and CD-57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP-HD100 (p < .05). The EP-HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP-1, RANTES, IL-10, and TGF-β, lower levels of TNF-α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL-1β, IL-6, and M-CSF levels between EP and EP-HD100 groups. The C-HD100 group had higher IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, and MCP-1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP-HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD-1, BD-2, and BD-3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR-2, TLR-4, CD-4, CD-8, and CD-57 between EP and EP-HD100 groups. CONCLUSION The topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Felix Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferreira Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Silva Cardoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Isaias Santana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Correa Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gürsoy UK, Gürsoy M, Liukkonen A, Suominen AL, Könönen E. Salivary Human β-Defensin 1-3 and Human α-Defensin-1 Levels in Relation to the Extent of Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss in the Elderly. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030976. [PMID: 36769624 PMCID: PMC9918087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral innate immune response may diminish with aging. In the present study, the aim was to examine human β-defensin (hBD) 1-3 and human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1 levels in the saliva of an elderly population to establish the extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss. A total of 175 individuals aged ≥ 65 years were divided into five groups based on the number of teeth with a pocket depth ≥ 4 mm as follows: 17 pocket-free individuals (Control), 55 individuals having 1-6 pocket teeth (PerioA), 33 individuals having 7-13 pocket teeth (PerioB), 29 individuals having at least 14 pocket teeth (PerioC), and 41 edentulous individuals. Their salivary defensin levels were measured with ELISA kits. The salivary HNP-1 levels were significantly higher in the Perio groups (PerioB: p < 0.001 and PerioC: p < 0.001) in comparison to the Control. The associations between salivary HNP-1 levels and the number of pocket teeth remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, level of education, and number of teeth. The salivary HNP and hBD levels differed in terms of their correlation to the extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liukkonen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Oral Health Services, 33101 City of Tampere, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Ronsivalle V, Alibrandi A, Palazzo G, Lo Giudice A. Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 during Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061777. [PMID: 33810003 PMCID: PMC8004886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to play a key role in endothelial function and perhaps pivotal in the correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). For the study, the impact of MMP-9 of periodontitis and CVD on serum and saliva concentrations was analyzed. For the study patients with periodontitis (n = 31), CVD (n = 31), periodontitis + CVD (n = 31), and healthy patients (n = 31) were enrolled. Clinical and demographic characteristics as well as serum and salivary MMP-9 were evaluated. MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva were statistically elevated in patients with CVD (p < 0.01) and in patients with periodontitis plus CVD (p < 0.001) compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Multivariate regression analysis showed that c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was the only significant predictor for MMP-9 serum (p < 0.001), whereas hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.029) were the statistically significant salivary MMP-9 predictors. This study evidenced that patients with CVD and periodontitis + CVD presented elevated MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Furthermore, hs-CRP was a negative predictor of serum and salivary MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2453
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (A.P.); (V.R.); (G.P.); (A.L.G.)
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM. Periodontal Pathogens' strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:103-120. [PMID: 33128827 PMCID: PMC8048607 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response against bacterial challenge, and under homeostatic conditions, their microbicidal functions typically protect the host against periodontitis. However, a number of periodontal pathogens developed survival strategies to evade neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting inflammation, which provides a source of nutrients for bacterial growth. Research on periodontal pathogens has largely focused on a few established species: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, advances in culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the two Gram-positive anaerobes, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, whose characterization of pathogenic potential has not been fully described. Additionally, there is not a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms used against neutrophils by organisms that are abundant in periodontal lesions. This presents a substantial barrier to the development of new approaches to prevent or ameliorate the disease. In this review, we first summarize the neutrophil functions affected by the established periodontal pathogens listed above, denoting unknown areas that still merit a closer look. Then, we review the literature on neutrophil functions and the emerging periodontal pathogens, F. alocis and P. stomatis, comparing the effects of the emerging microbes to that of established pathogens, and speculate on the contribution of these putative pathogens to the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Invernici MM, Furlaneto FAC, Salvador SL, Ouwehand AC, Salminen S, Mantziari A, Vinderola G, Ervolino E, Santana SI, Silva PHF, Messora MR. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 presents antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens and modulates the immunological response of oral mucosa in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238425. [PMID: 32960889 PMCID: PMC7508403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding), on immunocompetence of gingival tissues [expression of beta-defensin (BD)-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation(CD)-57 and CD-4], and on immunological properties of saliva (IgA levels) in non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and the antimicrobial properties of HN019 were also investigated. Materials and methods Thirty patients were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before scaling and root planing—SRP) and after 30 and 90 days. Patients were randomly assigned to Test (SRP+Probiotic, n = 15) or Control (SRP+Placebo, n = 15) group. Probiotic lozenges were used for 30 days. Gingival tissues and saliva were immunologically analyzed. The adhesion of HN019 with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis in BEC and its antimicrobial properties were investigated in in vitro assays. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results Test group presented lower plaque index (30 days) and lower marginal gingival bleeding (90 days) when compared with Control group. Higher BD-3, TLR4 and CD-4 expressions were observed in gingival tissues in Test group than in Control group. HN019 reduced the adhesion of P. gingivalis to BEC and showed antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens. Conclusion Immunological and antimicrobial properties of B. lactis HN019 make it a potential probiotic to be used in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with GCP. Clinical relevance B. lactis HN019 may be a potential probiotic to improve the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Name of the registry and registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov): “Effects of probiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis”—NCT03408548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Invernici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A. C. Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Sérgio L. Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET), National University of the Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Isaías Santana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Felix Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R. Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Öztürk A, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Avci B. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid and serum human beta-defensin-2 levels between periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2020; 27:993-1000. [PMID: 32772492 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), an antimicrobial peptide that takes roles in inflammatory diseases, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of one hundred and one individuals, 59 controls and 42 patients with CP, participated in this study. Clinical index measurements were recorded during the periodontal examination, and radiographic evaluation was also performed. The serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from all of the participants, and the hBD-2 levels were determined biochemically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In our study, hBD-2 GCF levels in CP (stages II-IV periodontitis based on the new 2018 classification of periodontal diseases) group (2.77 ng/30 s) were higher than in the periodontally healthy (2.51 ng/30 s; p = .047) individuals. In contrast, serum hBD-2 levels in CP (2.92 ng/ml) were lower compared with those in healthy controls (7.75 ng/ml, p < .001). CONCLUSION Interestingly, our results showed that while higher hBD-2 GCF levels are associated with CP, lower serum hBD-2 levels were detected in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ramamoorthy A, Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Govindaraj J, Samu S. Effect of Sudharshan Kriya Pranayama on Salivary Expression of Human Beta Defensin-2, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Chronic Periodontitis. Cureus 2020; 12:e6905. [PMID: 32064220 PMCID: PMC7006603 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sudharshan kriya pranayama (SKP) is a form of yoga that reduces inflammation and contributes to general health. Very few prior studies have examined the role of pranayama on oral health. We evaluated the clinical status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after SKP. Materials and methods Ninety male subjects were considered for the study and divided into three groups: subjects with a healthy periodontium (Group1), subjects with chronic gingivitis (Group2), and subjects with chronic periodontitis (Group3). The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and salivary markers human beta-defensin-2(HBD-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These parameters and markers were evaluated before and after 90 days of SKP. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by McNemar's test, paired sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results There was a significant improvement in PI in all three groups. GI showed an improvement in Groups 2 and 3. PPD and CAL also showed an improvement in Group 3. HBD-2 and NF-κB decreased with SKP, whereas PPAR-γ expression increased after the intervention. In Groups 2 and 3 with the decrease in GI, there was a corresponding decrease in HBD-2. In Group 3 with an improvement in PPD and CAL, there was an improvement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusions The results show that SKP can significantly decrease periodontal inflammation and improve periodontal status. It also effectively improves the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby decreasing salivary levels of HBD-2 and NF-κB, respectively. Based on our results, pranayama can be an effective adjunct in maintaining oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Little Mahendra
- Periodontics, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai, ARE
| | | | - Subramaniam Samu
- Biochemistry, Regenix Super Speciality Laboratories Research Center, Chennai, IND
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Rosa N, Campos B, Esteves AC, Duarte AS, Correia MJ, Silva RM, Barros M. Tracking the functional meaning of the human oral-microbiome protein-protein interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 121:199-235. [PMID: 32312422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interactome - the network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within a cell or organism - is technically difficult to assess. Bioinformatic tools can, not only, identify potential PPIs that can be later experimentally validated, but also be used to assign functional meaning to PPIs. Saliva's potential as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid is currently being explored by several research groups. But, in order to fully attain its potential, it is necessary to achieve the full characterization of the mechanisms that take place within this ecosystem. The onset of omics technologies, and specifically of proteomics, delivered a huge set of data that is largely underexplored. Quantitative information relative to proteins within a given context (for example a given disease) can be used by computational algorithms to generate information regarding PPIs. These PPIs can be further analyzed concerning their functional meaning and used to identify potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, defense and pathogenicity mechanisms. We describe a computational pipeline that can be used to identify and analyze PPIs between human and microbial proteins. The pipeline was tested within the scenario of human PPIs of systemic (Zika Virus infection) and of oral conditions (Periodontal disease) and also in the context of microbial interactions (Candida-Streptococcus) and showed to successfully predict functionally relevant PPIs. The pipeline can be applied to different scientific areas, such as pharmacological research, since a functional meaningful PPI network can provide insights on potential drug targets, and even new uses for existing drugs on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maria José Correia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
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Gleiznys D, Gleiznys A, Abraškevičiūtė L, Vitkauskienė A, Šaferis V, Sakalauskienė J. Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-1β Cytokines Expression in Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Peri-Mucositis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7471-7479. [PMID: 31586435 PMCID: PMC6792512 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research is to analyze the effect of polyphenols and flavonoids substrat (PFS) from plants Calendula officinalis, Salvia fruticosa, Achillea millefolium, and propolis as immunomodulatory in the production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-10 in peripheral blood leukocytes medium (PBLM) in patients who were diagnosed with mucositis of peri-implant tissue compared to patients with healthy implant tissue. It was hypothesized that IL-1ß and IL-10 contribute to the inflammation processes noticed in the diseases of peri-implant tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty non-smoking patients were included in this study: patients with healthy implants (HP group) and patients with peri-implant mucositis (MP group). Peri-mucositis was diagnosed by radiologic and clinical examination. The PBLM from MP were treated with PFS at various concentrations. The levels of IL-10 and IL-1ß excreted by the PBLM stimulated and unstimulated with viable Porphyromonas gingivalis test-tube were committed by the enzyme amplified immunoassay sensitivity method. RESULTS Unstimulated and stimulated PBLM and treatment with 5.0 mg/mL or 10.0 mg/mL of PFS in the MP group produced significantly higher levels IL-10 (P<0.001) that analogous mediums of the HP group. The levels of IL-1ß decreased more considerably in the stimulated PBLM of the MP group than in those of HP group (P<0.001) after the treatment with PFS at only 10.0 mg/mL concentration. CONCLUSIONS Theses results suggest that the solution of PFS might offer a new potential for the development of a new therapeutic path to prevent and treat peri-implant mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Gleiznys
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvydas Gleiznys
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Abraškevičiūtė
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Astra Vitkauskienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktoras Šaferis
- Department of Physics, Mathematics and Biophysics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgina Sakalauskienė
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Jourdain M, Velard F, Pierrard L, Sergheraert J, Gangloff SC, Braux J. Cationic antimicrobial peptides and periodontal physiopathology: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:589-600. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Laure Jourdain
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
| | - Loïc Pierrard
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Pharmacie Reims France
| | - Julien Braux
- EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux" (BIOS) Université de Reims‐Champagne‐Ardenne Reims France
- UFR Odontologie Reims France
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco‐Dentaire CHU de Reims Reims France
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12
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Matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors in dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2823-2835. [PMID: 31093743 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression has been associated with tissue development, invasive cancer cell behavior, and inflammation. The associations of increased expression of MMPs with diseases have led to intensive research activities to develop MMP inhibitors. Here, the questions are addressed which associations between increased levels of any MMP with dental diseases may be cause or consequence, whether MMP levels may be of diagnostic value and whether and which MMP inhibitors need further investigations for use in dental diseases. METHODS To study the role of MMPs and to discriminate between cause or consequence, the literature about measurements of MMPs and about the use of inhibitory drugs and genetic knockout animal models in dentistry was compared. RESULTS The only FDA-approved treatment with MMP inhibitors is tetracyclines for periodontitis, whereas a diagnostic test for activated MMP-8 in oral fluids is valued in practical periodontology. The MMP literature in dentistry is artificially skewed to the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and to enamelysin, alias MMP-20. The basis for this observation is, respectively, the widely used and sensitive technique of gelatin zymography and enamel proteins as substrates of MMP-20. Studies on additional MMPs are gaining interest in dentistry and MMP inhibitors may provide new applications. In addition, drugs with proven effects for the treatment of dental diseases may be found to act through MMP inhibition. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE In conclusion, research on MMPs and inhibitors may provide practical applications beyond diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis and will be, directly or indirectly, beneficial for patients with dental or periodontal diseases.
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13
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Evaluation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-modified scaffold determines macrophage recruitment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:505-513. [PMID: 30948087 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on the modulation of macrophages have gained increased attention recently. Macrophages are generally divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes. Macrophages play a pivotal role in bone regeneration by regulating osteoblast differentiation and secreting pro-regenerative factors. In the present study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-modified collagen membranes downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors and promoted the recruitment of M2 macrophages, as evidenced by the expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD163 and CD206). It is further demonstrated that the recruitment of M2 macrophages may be involved with CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signaling, with a significant downregulation of CD206 following CCR2 knockout. These results suggested that EGCG-modified collagen membranes may modulate the recruitment of macrophages and can be applied to guided bone regeneration and guided tissue regeneration.
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14
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Souza Freitas V, dos Santos JN, de Andrade Santos PP, Nonaka CFW, Pereira Pinto L, de Souza LB. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs-2, -7, -9, and -26) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs-1 and -2) in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:3075-3082. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Costa LCM, Soldati KR, Fonseca DC, Costa JE, Abreu MHNG, Costa FO, Zandim-Barcelos DL, Cota LOM. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of human beta-defensin 1 in individuals with and without chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:736-742. [PMID: 29687452 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human beta-defensins (hBDs) contribute to innate immunity antimicrobial activity. They are also effective in the adaptive immune response and may play a crucial role in the susceptibility to diseases of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of hBD-1 in the gingival crevicular fluid of individuals with and without chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty periodontally healthy individuals (H) and 20 individuals with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from: healthy sites (Hh) from periodontally healthy individuals; and healthy sites (Ph), sites with gingivitis (Pg), and sites with periodontitis (Pp) from individuals with periodontitis. The levels of hBD-1 (pg/mL) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons of hBD-1 between individuals (H and chronic periodontitis) and among sites (Hh, Ph, Pg, Pp) were performed through hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS Gingival crevicular fluid levels of hBD-1 were: Hh = 229.52 ± 138.96 (median 199.26), Ph = 53.88 ± 58.17 (median 35.75), Pg = 57.11 ± 40.18 (median 39.90) and Pp = 55.31 ± 37.28 (median 54.19). No influence of site diagnosis (level 1; health/gingivitis/periodontitis) was observed; however, individual diagnosis (level 2; health/periodontitis) influenced the levels of hBD-1 (P < .001). CONCLUSION Periodontally healthy individuals showed higher gingival crevicular fluid levels of hBD-1 when compared to individuals with chronic periodontitis. This suggests a potential protective role of hBD-1 in the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C M Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K R Soldati
- Departament of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C Fonseca
- Department of Dentistry, University Center of Lavras-UNILAVRAS, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J E Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M H N G Abreu
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F O Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D L Zandim-Barcelos
- Departament of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L O M Cota
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Makeudom A, Supanchart C, Montreekachon P, Khongkhunthian S, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit J, Krisanaprakornkit S. The antimicrobial peptide, human β-defensin-1, potentiates in vitro osteoclastogenesis via activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Peptides 2017; 95:33-39. [PMID: 28709835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression and raised levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1 in gingival tissue and crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, oral bone-resorbing diseases caused by enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hBD-1 on osteoclast formation and function and to elucidate the involved signaling pathway in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first incubated with various doses of hBD-1 and cell viability was assayed by MTT. PBMCs were treated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of non-toxic doses of hBD-1. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and a resorption pit assay. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was studied by immunoblotting and specific MAPK inhibitors. HBD-1 potentiated induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL, as shown by significantly increased number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and resorption areas on the dentin slices, and further up-regulated expressions of osteoclast-specific genes compared to those by RANKL treatment (p <0.05). However, hBD-1 treatment without RANKL failed to induce formation of osteoclast-like cells. A significant and further increase in transient phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs was demonstrated by hBD-1 co-treatment (p<0.05), consistent with the inhibitory effect by pretreatment with U0126 or PD98059 on hBD-1-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattanin Montreekachon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakornrat Khongkhunthian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Level as a Novel Biomarker for the Development of Peri-Implant Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7027. [PMID: 28765610 PMCID: PMC5539157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant disease is a chronic inflammation of the soft and hard tissues around a dental implant, resulting from bacterial infection. Recent evidence indicates that some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by immunocytes are substantially responsible for the progress and consequence of inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released into the extracellular matrix and acts as a key pro-inflammatory factor during injury, necrosis and inflammation. A higher concentration of HMGB1 has been found in gingival crevicular fluid from inflammatory gingival tissue than from healthy sites. HMGB1 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in murine periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β. Thus, this study sought to assess HMGB1 expression in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) at each stage of peri-implant disease and to investigate the correlation between HMGB1 and peri-implant disease progress. The results demonstrated that the HMGB1 expression level in PICF is indicative of the progress of peri-implant disease and hence may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for peri-implant tissue.
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18
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Zupin L, Robino A, Navarra CO, Pirastu N, Di Lenarda R, Gasparini P, Crovella S, Bevilacqua L. LTFandDEFB1polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility toward chronic periodontitis development. Oral Dis 2017; 23:1001-1008. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zupin
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - A Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - CO Navarra
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - N Pirastu
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - P Gasparini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - L Bevilacqua
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
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19
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Oliveira LFF, Salvador SL, Silva PHF, Furlaneto FAC, Figueiredo L, Casarin R, Ervolino E, Palioto DB, Souza SLS, Taba M, Novaes AB, Messora MR. Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2016; 88:197-208. [PMID: 27660886 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into groups C (control; without EP), EP (EP only), C-HN019 (control+probiotic), and EP-HN019 (EP+probiotic). On day 0 of the experiment, animals of groups EP and EP-HN019 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFMs). In groups C-HN019 and EP-HN019, 1 mL of suspensions containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. In groups C and EP, topical administrations were performed using a sham suspension (without probiotic). All animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed (P <0.05). RESULTS Group EP presented greater bone porosity, trabecular separation, and connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) as well as reduced bone volume than all other groups (P <0.05). In group EP-HN019, there were greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus-like species and lower proportions of Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, and Prevotella intermedia-like species than group EP. Group EP-HN019 presented greater expressions of osteoprotegerin and β-defensins than group EP (P <0.05). Group EP presented greater levels of interleukin-1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand than group EP-HN019 (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Topical use of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTALs attributable to EP in rats, modifying immunoinflammatory and microbiologic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F F Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Figueiredo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Aracatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L S Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Taba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur B Novaes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Güncü GN, Yilmaz D, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Salivary Antimicrobial Peptides in Early Detection of Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:99. [PMID: 26734583 PMCID: PMC4689996 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of periodontitis, an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, there is a complex interaction between the subgingival microbiota and host tissues. A periodontal diagnostic tool for detecting the initiation and progression of the disease, monitoring the response to therapy, or measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression has been of interest for a long time. The value of various enzymes, proteins, and immunoglobulins, which are abundant constituents of saliva, as potential biomarkers has been recognized and extensively investigated for periodontal diseases. Gingival defensins and cathelicidins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in innate immune response. However, their applicability as salivary biomarkers is still under debate. The present review focuses on proteomic biomarkers and antimicrobial peptides, in particular, to be used at early phases of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz N Güncü
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dogukan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul Medipol Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eija Könönen
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland; Welfare Division, Oral Health CareTurku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku Turku, Finland
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Dommisch H, Jepsen S. Diverse functions of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in periodontal tissues. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:96-110. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Yılmaz D, Güncü GN, Könönen E, Barış E, Çağlayan F, Gursoy UK. Overexpressions of hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 in Gingiva of Diabetics with Periodontitis. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1219-26. [PMID: 26092093 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides of the epithelium play a significant role in the innate immune response in the oral cavity, which is constantly exposed to microbes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease which is related to periodontal disease. To date, little is known about expressions of antimicrobial peptides in gingival epithelia of diabetics. Our aim was to examine the expression and localization of human beta-defensins (hBD)-2 and -3 and cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37) in diabetic subjects suffering from generalized periodontitis (GP). Gingival tissue sections were collected from three subject groups: 14 T2DM subjects with GP (T2DM+GP), 11 systemically healthy GP patients (GP), and 13 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (control). Surgical incisions targeted the sulcular epithelium and/or the bottom of the selected periodontal pocket. Tissue specimens were fixed in paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemistry stainings were performed for cytokeratin19, hBD-2, hBD-3 and hCAP18/LL-37. Stainings were examined under light microscope with 40× magnification. Results were statistically evaluated by the t-test. In controls, hBD-2 was localized at the superficial layers of the gingival epithelium, hBD-3 and hCAP18/LL-37 were at the basal layers, whereas in subjects with periodontitis both defensins were visible at all epithelial layers. hBD-2 was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm, while hBD-3 and hCAP18/LL-37 were detected only in the cytoplasm of the cells. Expressions of hBD-2 (p=0.005), hBD-3 (p=0.007), and hCAP18/LL-37 (p=0.002) were elevated in subjects with T2DM+GP in comparison to controls. No statistically significant difference was found in the expression of hBD-2, -3, and hCAP18/LL-37 between the GP group and the control or T2DM+GP groups. Gingival antimicrobial peptides are overexpressed in T2DM. This outcome can be part of impaired immune response in diabetics, and underlying factors and mechanisms need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan Yılmaz
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guliz N Güncü
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emre Barış
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feriha Çağlayan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Dommisch H, Staufenbiel I, Schulze K, Stiesch M, Winkel A, Fimmers R, Dommisch J, Jepsen S, Miosge N, Adam K, Eberhard J. Expression of antimicrobial peptides and interleukin-8 during early stages of inflammation: An experimental gingivitis study. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:836-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Health Science Center; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - I. Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - K. Schulze
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Stiesch
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - A. Winkel
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - R. Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry; Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - J. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - N. Miosge
- Research Group for Oral Biology and Tissue Regeneration; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; University Hospital Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - K. Adam
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - J. Eberhard
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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Yong X, Chen Y, Tao R, Zeng Q, Liu Z, Jiang L, Ye L, Lin X. Periodontopathogens and human β-defensin-2 expression in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontal disease in Guangxi, China. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:403-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - R. Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Q. Zeng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Z. Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - L. Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - L. Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment; School of Public Health; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - X. Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
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Wang P, Duan D, Zhou X, Li X, Yang J, Deng M, Xu Y. Relationship between expression of human gingival beta-defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:113-22. [PMID: 24814979 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are a group of antimicrobial peptides important in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expression is associated with periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to explore relationships among hBDs, total subgingival bacteria and periodontopathogens in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The periodontal clinical parameters of 29 healthy subjects and 25 patients with chronic periodontitis were recorded. The relative expression of hBD1, hBD2 and hBD3 genes in gingival biopsies was measured using real-time PCR. The numbers of total bacteria and of Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were quantified by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS No significant differences in expression of the hBD genes were found between the group of healthy subjects and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Total bacteria and T. denticola were detected in all participants. F. nucleatum and T. forsythia were detected in all patients with chronic periodontitis and in 86.21% and 51.72%, respectively, of healthy volunteers. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 24.14% and 17.24%, respectively, of the healthy group and in 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively, of the chronic periodontitis group. The prevalence of all bacteria, except A. actinomycetemcomitans, was significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis than in the group of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). A significant, negative correlation was observed between total bacteria and hBD-2 (r = -0.384, p = 0.011). Upon analyzing the data in different groups, total bacteria and hBD-2 were significantly correlated (r = -0.492, p = 0.026) only in the group of healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The negative correlations between hBD-2 and total bacteria, especially in the group of healthy subjects, indicate that hBDs may play an important role by limiting an increase of bacterial load at the initial stage of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Mäkinen LK, Häyry V, Hagström J, Sorsa T, Passador-Santos F, Keski-Säntti H, Haukka J, Mäkitie AA, Haglund C, Atula T. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-25 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 36:1783-8. [PMID: 24488688 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting the clinical course of early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is challenging. As matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor survival in many cancers, we examined MMP-7 and MMP-25 in oral tongue SCC. METHODS We used tissue microarray (TMA) technique and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of MMP-7 and MMP-25 in 73 patients with stage I to II oral tongue SCC and compared their immunoexpressions with clinical data. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed MMP-7 and MMP-25 expression in 90% (n = 63 of 70) and 90% (n = 64 of 71) of the tumors, respectively. MMP-7 protein expression was associated with presence of occult cervical metastases (odds ratio [OR], 3.67; p = .013), increased invasion depth (OR, 4.60; p = .005), and higher tumor grade (OR, 3.30; p = .007). MMP-7 expression was predictive for poor outcome (p = .021). Immunostaining of MMP-25 did not correlate with any clinical parameters. CONCLUSION We conclude that MMP-7, but not MMP-25, expression may have prognostic significance in early-stage oral tongue SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Mäkinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Liu J, Chen J, Du X, Hu L, Chen L. The expression of hBDs in the gingival tissue and keratinocytes from healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:193-8. [PMID: 24370191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in gingival tissue and isolated cells has been reported, the induction of human β-defensins (hBDs) in epithelial cells from the periodontitis patients was not stated before. This study aimed to compare the secretion of hBDs in gingival epithelial cells from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. DESIGN Firstly, gingival biopsies were obtained from chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls and the hBDs expression level in gingival tissues was quantified. Then the epithelial cells from periodontitis patients and healthy controls were isolated and challenged with different concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). The hBDs expression level was also quantified after induction. At last, to identify the molecular pathways involved in hBDs induction, the isolated cells were incubated with NF-kB or MAPK inhibitor before TNFα induction. RESULTS Higher hBDs expression was found in gingival tissues from healthy controls. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the hBD-2 expression in gingival epithelial cells from periodontitis patients can be induced by TNFα at lower dose, while the optimum expression level was much lower. The basal hBD-3 mRNA expression was much higher in cells from periodontitis patients. The molecular pathways involved in the responses to the inflammatory cytokine in patients and healthy controls were the same. CONCLUSIONS The epithelial cells from periodontitis patients are more prone to recognize and respond to TNFα to produce hBD-2. The basal expression of hBD-3 in keratinocytes from periodontitis patients suggested that hBD-3 may play an important role in the immunological reaction against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Xingyan Du
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
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Belibasakis GN. Microbiological and immuno-pathological aspects of peri-implant diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:66-72. [PMID: 24209597 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant diseases are a cluster of "contemporary" oral infections in humans that have emerged as a result of the routine application of osseointegrated dental implants in clinical practice. They are characterized by the inflammatory destruction of the implant-supporting tissues, as a result of biofilm formation on the implant surface. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are analogous to gingivitis and periodontitis that affect natural teeth. The aim of this comprehensive review was to provide insights into the infectious aetiology and immuno-pathology of peri-implant diseases, and to identify similarities and differences with periodontal diseases. The microbial composition of peri-implantitis-associated biofilms is mixed, non-specific and very similar to that of periodontitis. A considerable exception is the frequent presence of high numbers of staphylococci and enteric bacteria in peri-implantitis. The sequence of immuno-pathological events and the qualitative composition of the immune cells in peri-implant infections are similar to that of periodontal infections. The lesions are characterized predominantly by neutrophils, macrophages, T- and B-cells. Nevertheless, compared to periodontitis, peri-implantitis is marked by a more extensive inflammatory infiltrate and innate immune response, a greater severity of tissue destruction and a faster progression rate. This could well account for the structural differences between the two tissue types, predominantly the lack of periodontal ligament and Sharpey's fibres around implants. In order to support the early diagnosis and prevention of peri-implantitis, it is crucial to explain its fast progression rate by elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. This could be achieved, for instance, by utilizing the non-invasive collection and analysis of peri-implant crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ganuelas LA, Li N, Yun P, Hunter N, Collyer CA. The lysine gingipain adhesin domains from Porphyromonas gingivalis interact with erythrocytes and albumin: Structures correlate to function. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2013; 3:152-62. [PMID: 24265933 PMCID: PMC3832095 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.3.2013.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the K1 domain, an adhesin module of the lysine gingipain (Kgp) expressed on the cell surface by the periodontopathic anaerobic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, is compared to the previously determined structures of homologues K2 and K3, all three being representative members of the cleaved adhesin domain family. In the structure of K1, the conformation of the most extensive surface loop is unexpectedly perturbed, perhaps by crystal packing, and is displaced from a previously reported arginine-anchored position observed in K2 and K3. This displacement allows the loop to become free to interact with other proteins; the alternate flipped-out loop conformation is a novel mechanism for interacting with target host proteins, other bacteria, or other gingipain protein domains. Further, the K1 adhesin module, like others, is found to be haemolytic in vitro, and so, functions in erythrocyte recognition thereby contributing to the haemolytic function of Kgp. K1 was also observed to selectively bind to haem-albumin with high affinity, suggesting this domain may be involved in gingipain-mediated haem acquisition from haem-albumin. Therefore, it is most likely that all cleaved adhesin domains of Kgp contribute to the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis in more complex ways than simply mediating bacterial adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Ganuelas
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of
SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - N. Li
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of
SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - P. Yun
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and
Centre for Oral Health, Westmead HospitalSydney, NSWAustralia
| | - N. Hunter
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and
Centre for Oral Health, Westmead HospitalSydney, NSWAustralia,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - C. A. Collyer
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of
SydneySydneyAustralia
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Ertugrul AS, Tekin Y, Alpaslan NZ, Bozoglan A, Sahin H, Dikilitas A. Comparison of peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of adrenomedullin and human beta defensins 1 and 2 from mandibular implants with different implant stability quotient levels in nonsmoker patients. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:480-8. [PMID: 23898869 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To achieve satisfactory osseointegration, primary stability and healthy peri-implant tissue must be available. In this study, our objective was to compare the adrenomedullin, human beta-defensin (hBD)-1 and hBD-2 levels in implants with different implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and with different peri-implant tissue health values in the peri-implant crevicular fluid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients with 60 endosseous osseointegrated implants were included in this study. Following the completion of the osseointegration process, these implants were divided into two main groups: a group of 15 implants with peri-implantitis (peri-implantitis: 40 ≤ ISQ ≤ 80 peri-implantitis, n = 15) and a group of 45 implants with healthy peri-implant tissue. The healthy peri-implant tissue group was further divided into three subgroups according to their ISQ values (Healthy-60: 60 ≤ ISQ ≤ 70, healthy peri-implant, n = 15; Healthy-80: 71 ≤ ISQ ≤ 80, healthy peri-implant, n = 15; and Healthy-100: 81 ≤ ISQ ≤ 100, healthy peri-implant, n = 15). The levels of adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 in the peri-implant crevicular fluid were assessed using ELISAs. RESULTS When the peri-implant clinical measurements were compared within groups, they were found to be highest in the peri-implantitis group and lowest in the Healthy-100 group. The adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of the peri-implantitis group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy-60, Healthy-80 and Healthy-100 groups. When only the healthy peri-implant tissue groups were evaluated, the adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of the Healthy-60 group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy-80 and Healthy-100 groups. The lowest adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels were observed in the Healthy-100 group. CONCLUSION In cases of peri-implantitis, higher adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels were observed. These results indicate the presence of a tissue response to prevent the creation of a pathological environment in the peri-implant tissue. In groups with healthy peri-implant tissues, the ISQ value decreases as the adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels increase. This condition is thought to be caused by increased dental plaque accumulation and bone resorption in addition to increased lateral implant movements and colonization of microorganisms in the microcavities between the implant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ertugrul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Association of cytokines, high sensitive C-reactive protein, VEGF and beta-defensin-1 gene polymorphisms and their protein expressions with chronic periodontitis in the Chinese population. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:100-7. [PMID: 23592000 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aimed at investigating the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and β-defensin-1<sup> </sup>polymorphisms and the susceptibility to periodontitis in the Chinese population. METHODS DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 532 healthy individuals and 122 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients enrolled in the study. The genes encoding IL-6, IL-12, CRP, VEGF and β-defensin-1 were amplified using PCR and digested with restriction enzymes. The protein expression of the abovementioned genes was determined by ELISA. Differences in the allele/genotype frequencies were assessed with the chi-square test. RESULTS The frequencies of the C/C genotypes of IL-6, IL-12, and VEGF were higher in CP patients than healthy controls (66.3% vs 25.9%; 27.8% vs 19.9%; and 64.8% vs 52.1%, respectively). In the patients' group we also recorded frequencies of the A/A genotypes of CRP and VEGF higher than in healthy controls (63.1% vs 58.1% and 64.8% vs 35.2%, respectively). Protein production evaluated by ELISA demonstrated significant differences between CP patients and healthy controls for IL-6, IL-12, CRP, VEGF and β-defensin-1. CONCLUSIONS The genotypes of IL-6, IL-12, VEGF and β-defensin-1 and their protein productions were associated with CP in a Chinese population. Genotypes and serum levels of CRP were associated with CP, but alleles frequency showed no difference between CP patients and healthy controls.
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E. Romanos G, Slots J, Javed F. Aggressive periodontitis in a young Pakistani female with laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome. J Oral Sci 2013; 55:359-62. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ertugrul AS, Dikilitas A, Sahin H, Alpaslan N, Bozoglan A, Tekin Y. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of human beta-defensins 1 and 3 in subjects with periodontitis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:475-82. [PMID: 23278469 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human β-defensins (hBDs) have a strong antibacterial action against various microorganisms, especially periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare the total levels of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in the gingival crevicular fluid of healthy patients with gingivitis (HG), healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (HP), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and gingivitis (DM2G) and patients with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis (DM2P). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 80 patients were included: 20 HG, 20 HP, 20 DM2G and 20 DM2P. The levels of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in gingival crevicular fluid were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The DM2P group had significantly higher periodontal clinical parameters at sites from which gingival crevicular fluid was collected compared with the other groups. The HG group had significantly lower periodontal clinical parameters within the gingival crevicular fluid-collected sites than did the HP, DM2G and DM2P groups. The gingival crevicular fluid of the DM2P group had significantly higher levels of total hBD-1 and hBD-3 than did that of the other groups; the hBD-1 and hBD-3 levels were significantly higher in the gingival crevicular fluid of the DM2G group than in that of the the non-DM type 2 groups (HG and HP). The gingival crevicular fluid of the HP group had significantly higher levels of total hBD-1 and hBD-3 in comparison with that of the HG group. CONCLUSION As a result of the observed vascular and cell activity changes that occur within patients diagnosed with DM, periodontal diseases become more severe. These changes hinder the migration and the ability of chemotactic factors and leukocytes to protect periodontal tissues from the effects of microorganisms. In order to eliminate microorganisms, the epithelial cells in patients with DM may release more hBD-1 and hBD-3 into the gingival crevicular fluid. Determining the amount of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with and without DM will help to elucidate the relationship among hBD-1, hBD-3, DM and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ertugrul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
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Pereira AL, Franco GC, Cortelli SC, Aquino DR, Costa FO, Raslan SA, Cortelli JR. Influence of periodontal status and periodontopathogens on levels of oral human β-defensin-2 in saliva. J Periodontol 2012; 84:1445-53. [PMID: 23173827 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression patterns of human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA or HBD-2 protein concentration and periodontal diseases have been a focus of scientific research. This study compares the salivary levels of HBD-2 protein concentration of healthy patients and patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP) and correlates these levels with the presence of periodontopathogens. METHODS A total of 89 patients were enrolled in this study: 31 periodontally healthy, 27 with gingivitis, and 31 with CP. Plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured. The presence of Campylobacter rectus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia was evaluated qualitatively by conventional polymerase chain reaction. HBD-2 quantification in saliva was performed using an immune enzymatic assay. Frequency of periodontopathogens and HBD-2 protein concentration was assessed. Association between HBD-2 protein concentration (≥100 pg/mL) and the simultaneous presence of one to two, three to four, or five to six periodontopathogens was tested. RESULTS Although periodontally healthy individuals and patients with gingivitis showed similar HBD-2 levels, the CP group displayed an increased level of HBD-2. P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola were more prevalent in CP; however, their mere presence was not related to the increased levels of HBD-2 (Pearson correlation and multinomial logistic regression model). CONCLUSIONS Salivary HBD-2 protein concentration was higher in patients with CP compared with healthy individuals or patients with gingivitis. These different protein concentrations were not related to the frequency of periodontopathogens. Clinical inflammatory profile had a higher impact on salivary HBD-2 levels than bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre L Pereira
- Department of Periodontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fonseca FJPO, Moraes Junior M, Lourenço EJV, Teles DDM, Figueredo CM. Cytokines expression in saliva and peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implant disease. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 25:e68-72. [PMID: 23106689 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the levels of GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and saliva from patients with peri-implant disease. METHODS Twenty two total edentulous patients were divided into two groups: Mucositis (MU) patients with bone loss around the implants until the first thread and pocket depth ≤3 mm, and Peri-implantitis (PI) patients with at least one implant with bone loss around two or more threads and pocket depth ≥4 mm. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and percentage of plaque. PICF samples were collected from MU sites, and from shallow (SPI) and deep (DPI) sites in PI. Unstimulated whole and parotid duct saliva was collected from all patients. The cytokines were measured by a multiplexed immunoassay. RESULTS PI patients had a higher percentage of plaque compared with MU (P = 0.02). MU sites had lower pocket depth compared to SPI (P = 0.001) and to DPI (P ≤ 0.001). In PICF, the levels of IL-1β were significantly higher in SPI sites compared to MU (P = 0.03). In the saliva from parotid, IL-8 and IL-12 were significantly higher in patients with PI (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of IL-1β in PICF seem to be a characteristic trait of patients with peri-implantitis. The parotid duct saliva showed a significant increase in expression of IL-8, which might be related to a systemic response.
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Schulz S, Tomakidi P, Mauth C, Kohal R, Steinberg T. Interactive Fibroblast-Keratinocyte Co-cultures: AnIn Vivo-Like Test Platform for Dental Implant-Based Soft Tissue Integration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:785-96. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Dental School, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Dental School, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Kohal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Dental School, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Human β-defensin 2 and protease activated receptor-2 expression in patients with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1609-14. [PMID: 22647427 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some previous studies have shown that gingipains, trypsin-like proteases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, up-regulate human β defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA expression through protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in gingival epithelial cells. This study aimed at investigating salivary HBD-2 levels and crevicular PAR(2) mRNA expression in human chronic periodontitis and evaluating whether periodontal treatment affected this process. METHODS Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from periodontally healthy (control) and chronic periodontitis patients at baseline and 50 days after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Salivary HBD-2, and GCF TNF-α levels were analysed by ELISA, and PAR(2) mRNA at the GCF was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS P. gingivalis was significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent in patients with chronic periodontitis when compared to controls. This prevalence decreased after periodontal therapy (p<0.0001). The control group showed statistically significant lower levels of HBD-2, TNF-α, and PAR(2) expression when compared to the chronic periodontitis group. In addition, periodontal treatment significantly reduced PAR(2) expression and HBD-2 levels in chronic periodontitis patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that salivary HBD-2 levels and PAR(2) mRNA expression from GCF are higher in subjects with chronic periodontitis than in healthy subjects, and that periodontal treatment decreases both HBD-2 levels and PAR(2) expression.
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Mouzakiti E, Pepelassi E, Fanourakis G, Markopoulou C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Vrotsos I. Expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in smoker and nonsmoker chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:532-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa-Junior FR, Alvim-Pereira CC, Alvim-Pereira F, Trevilatto PC, de Souza AP, Santos MCLG. Influence of MMP-8 promoter polymorphism in early osseointegrated implant failure. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:311-6. [PMID: 22382449 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental implants consist in the treatment of choice to replace tooth loss. The knowledge that implant loss tends to cluster in subsets of individuals may indicate that host immuneinflammatory response is influenced by genetic factors. In fact, genetic polymorphisms influence the osseointegration process. The objective of this study was investigate the possible relationship between C-799T polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) gene and early implant failure in nonsmoker patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Subjects were divided into two groups: control group (100 patients with one or more healthy implants) and test group (80 patients that had suffered one or more early implant failures). Genomic DNA from oral mucosa was amplified by PCR and analyzed by restriction endonucleases. The significance of the differences in observed frequencies of polymorphisms was assessed by Chi-square. RESULTS Statistical analysis shows that in the MMP-8 gene, the T allele in 76.25% in the test group and the T/T genotype, 63.75% in the same group, may predispose to early loss of implants osseointegrated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP-8 gene is associated with early implant failure. This polymorphism can be a genetic marker to risk of implant loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The determination of this genetic pattern in osseointegration would enable the identification of individuals at higher risk to loss implant. Thus, genetic markers will be identified, contributing to an appropriate preoperative selection and preparation of strategies for prevention and therapy individualized to modulate the genetic markers and increase the success rate of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Costa-Junior
- Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, University Federal of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 81531-990
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Gursoy UK, Könönen E. Understanding the roles of gingival beta-defensins. J Oral Microbiol 2012; 4:JOM-4-15127. [PMID: 22389759 PMCID: PMC3290911 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v4i0.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival epithelium produces β-defensins, small cationic peptides, as part of its contribution to the innate host defense against the bacterial challenge that is constantly present in the oral cavity. Besides their functions in healthy gingival tissues, β-defensins are involved in the initiation and progression, as well as restriction of periodontal tissue destruction, by acting as antimicrobial, chemotactic, and anti-inflammatory agents. In this article, we review the common knowledge about β-defensins, coming from in vivo and in vitro monolayer studies, and present new aspects, based on the experience on three-dimensional organotypic culture models, to the important role of gingival β-defensins in homeostasis of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 7, 9, and 26 in the calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:609-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mouzakiti E, Pepelassi E, Fanourakis G, Markopoulou C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Vrotsos I. The effect of smoking on the mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in untreated chronic periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:576-83. [PMID: 21732946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are important for extracellular matrix. Expression of MMPs has been evaluated in gingiva without studying smoking. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of smoking on mRNA expression of MMP-1, -3, -8, -9 and -13 and TIMP-1 in untreated chronic periodontitis and in periodontal health. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival samples were harvested from 30 subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis (15 nonsmokers and 15 smokers) and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (15 nonsmokers and 15 smokers). Full-mouth plaque score, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Total RNA was isolated, and the mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 was assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Periodontitis groups were comparable in clinical measurements. Nonsmoker subjects with periodontitis had statistically significantly higher MMP-1, lower MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression and higher MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio than smokers; and higher MMP-8 expression and MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratios than healthy nonsmokers. Healthy nonsmokers had statistically significantly higher MMP-13 expression than healthy smokers. Smoker periodontitis and healthy subjects had similar expression levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 and MMPs/TIMP-1 ratios. There was correlation among the MMPs only for smoker periodontitis subjects. Expression of MMP-13 was correlated with mean clinical attachment level. CONCLUSION Within its limits, this study demonstrated that smoking affected mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMP-1, MMPs/TIMP-1 ratios and relationships among MMPs in untreated chronic periodontitis and expression of MMPs in health. In the absence of smoking, chronic periodontitis affected expression of MMPs and MMPs/TIMP-1 ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mouzakiti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece.
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Xie P, Deng LX, Gong P, Ding Y, Tang XH. Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1213-9. [PMID: 24031744 PMCID: PMC3768754 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of High mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis. The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy -PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA. HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Sahrmann P, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using bone substitutes and membrane: a systematic review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2011; 13:46-57. [PMID: 19681931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to assess the available literature for regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using bone graft substitutes and membranes. METHODS A search in electronic databases was conducted to assess all types of clinical studies treating bone defects derived from peri-implantitis using guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques. RESULTS During the first screening, 399 titles were identified. Finally, 17 articles reporting on 173 implants were included. The articles mainly focused on radiographic bone fill of the defect. Qualitative measures of "bone fill" were reported: 10.4% of the implants showed complete "bone fill," whereas 85.5% revealed incomplete defect closure. No bone fill was shown in 4.0%. Little information (in 53.2%) was provided regarding the probing depth before or after treatment. Data concerning the inflammatory status of soft tissues were also scarce and only reported in three studies. A large heterogeneity concerning disinfection protocols and regenerative materials used was found. The high percentage of low-quality studies rendered a meta-analysis impossible. CONCLUSION Complete fill of the bony defect using GBR seems not to be a predictable outcome. The mucosal health status is left unconsidered in most studies. Well-controlled trials are needed to determine predictable treatment protocols for the successful regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using GBR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zürich, Switzerland
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Luo L, Xie P, Gong P, Tang XH, Ding Y, Deng LX. Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1106-11. [PMID: 21570059 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of high mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalised aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy-PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA. RESULTS HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Department of anesthesiology, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Javed F, Al-Hezaimi K, Salameh Z, Almas K, Romanos GE. Proinflammatory cytokines in the crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis. Cytokine 2011; 53:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Guo Y, Nguyen KA, Potempa J. Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins. Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:15-44. [PMID: 20712631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Verardi S, Quaranta M, Bordin S. Peri-implantitis fibroblasts respond to host immune factor C1q. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:134-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Slotte C, Lennerås M, Göthberg C, Suska F, Zoric N, Thomsen P, Nannmark U. Gene Expression of Inflammation and Bone Healing in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid after Placement and Loading of Dental Implants. A Kinetic Clinical Pilot Study Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2010; 14:723-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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