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Bress KS, Cascio CJ. Sensorimotor regulation of facial expression - An untouched frontier. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105684. [PMID: 38710425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Facial expression is a critical form of nonverbal social communication which promotes emotional exchange and affiliation among humans. Facial expressions are generated via precise contraction of the facial muscles, guided by sensory feedback. While the neural pathways underlying facial motor control are well characterized in humans and primates, it remains unknown how tactile and proprioceptive information reaches these pathways to guide facial muscle contraction. Thus, despite the importance of facial expressions for social functioning, little is known about how they are generated as a unique sensorimotor behavior. In this review, we highlight current knowledge about sensory feedback from the face and how it is distinct from other body regions. We describe connectivity between the facial sensory and motor brain systems, and call attention to the other brain systems which influence facial expression behavior, including vision, gustation, emotion, and interoception. Finally, we petition for more research on the sensory basis of facial expressions, asserting that incomplete understanding of sensorimotor mechanisms is a barrier to addressing atypical facial expressivity in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S Bress
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Dutra Dias H, Botelho AL, Bortoloti R, Dos Reis AC. Neuroscience contributes to the understanding of the neurobiology of temporomandibular disorders associated with stress and anxiety. Cranio 2024; 42:439-444. [PMID: 34515609 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1977901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review proposes a neurobiological model for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) associated with stress and anxiety. METHODS An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Articles published up to 2020 were selected. The search terms were the following: temporomandibular disorders, anxiety, stress, neurobiology of stress and anxiety, and orofacial pain. RESULTS In total, there were 100 studies, which presented a total of 10 different analyses. The results were described, demonstrating the type of analysis that was performed on each item analyzed for a better understanding of the context. CONCLUSION The conclusion is that the interactions between the masticatory system, temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and stomatognathic apparatus with "stress neuromatrix," "pain neuromatrix," "limbic system," and "neuroimmunoendocrine system" would produce the range of changes observed in neural connectivity and the diversity of symptoms presented in TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo Dutra Dias
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Ufmg), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Luís Botelho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (Usp), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Bortoloti
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Ufmg), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (Usp), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Yin Y, He S, He N, Zhang W, Luo L, Chen L, Liu T, Tian M, Xu J, Chen S, Li F. Brain alterations in sensorimotor and emotional regions associated with temporomandibular disorders. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1367-1378. [PMID: 36516329 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by sensorimotor and psychological dysfunction, with evidence revealing the implication of a dysfunctional central nervous system. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported brain alterations in TMD, but most studies focused on either structure or function by a single modality of MRI and investigated static functional connectivity (FC) in TMD. By combining structural and functional MRI data, the present study aimed to identify brain regions with structural abnormalities in TMD patients and examine static and dynamic FC seeded by these regions to investigate structural brain alterations and related disrupted FC underlying the pathophysiology of TMD. METHODS We recruited 30 TMD patients and 20 healthy controls who underwent 3.0 T MRI scanning with T1-weighted images using a three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence and resting state functional images using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. Cortical thickness, volume, surface area, and subcortical volume were calculated, where brain areas with significant structural between-group differences were treated as seeds for static and dynamic FC analyses. RESULTS In this preliminary study, we found between-group alterations in sensorimotor regions including decreased cortical thickness in the right sensorimotor cortex as well as decreased volume in the left putamen and associated reduced dynamic FC with the anterior midcingulate cortex; and alterations in emotion processing and regulation regions including decreased volume/surface area in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and associated increased dynamic FC with the precuneus in TMD patients than controls, having all p < 0.05 with corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Our findings of structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions implicated in sensorimotor and emotional functions provided evidence for the biopsychosocial model of TMD and facilitated our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying TMD. The associations between neuroimaging results and clinical measurements of TMD warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shushu He
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lekai Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chan YT, Lin CS. Structural brain feature is associated with changes of masticatory performance in healthy elderly people: Evidence from longitudinal neuroimaging research over two years. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:526-535. [PMID: 37904309 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neuroimaging studies have revealed the association between brain structure and masticatory function. However, the majority of the studies adopted a cross-sectional design, which hardly reveals the change in masticatory function and brain structure between different timepoints, and the dynamical association between changes in masticatory function and changes in brain structure has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE With a longitudinal design, we assessed the association between changes in masticatory performance (MP) and regional brain volume. METHODS Twenty-two elderly participants received assessments of the number of missing teeth and MP (via colour-changeable chewing gum) when they entered the study (i.e. the initial stage, T0 ), approximately 6 months later (T0.5 ), and approximately 1-2 years later (T1 ). Difficulty of food intake was assessed using a questionnaire. The participants received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at T0 and T1 . The brain volume of the motor-related area was estimated using FreeSurfer for MRI data. The associations between different stages were analysed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. RESULTS (1) Individually, a smaller volume of right primary motor cortex at T0 was associated with increased MP from T0 to T1 , suggesting the brain's role in changing oral functions; (2) higher MP at T0 was associated with an increased volume of the left superior frontal cortex from T0 to T1 p, suggesting a potential effect on brain plasticity, and (3) increased difficulty to eat was associated with decrease MP but not brain volume of motor-related area. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary findings revealed a complicated pattern of structural brain features and masticatory function in elderly people, and either the hypothesis that the brain predisposes masticatory function or the hypothesis that mastication reshapes the brain is oversimplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chan
- General dentistry private practice, Hui-An Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ross CF, Laurence-Chasen JD, Li P, Orsbon C, Hatsopoulos NG. Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing. Dysphagia 2024; 39:1-32. [PMID: 37326668 PMCID: PMC10781858 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tongue function is vital for chewing and swallowing and lingual dysfunction is often associated with dysphagia. Better treatment of dysphagia depends on a better understanding of hyolingual morphology, biomechanics, and neural control in humans and animal models. Recent research has revealed significant variation among animal models in morphology of the hyoid chain and suprahyoid muscles which may be associated with variation in swallowing mechanisms. The recent deployment of XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) to quantify 3D hyolingual kinematics has revealed new details on flexion and roll of the tongue during chewing in animal models, movements similar to those used by humans. XROMM-based studies of swallowing in macaques have falsified traditional hypotheses of mechanisms of tongue base retraction during swallowing, and literature review suggests that other animal models may employ a diversity of mechanisms of tongue base retraction. There is variation among animal models in distribution of hyolingual proprioceptors but how that might be related to lingual mechanics is unknown. In macaque monkeys, tongue kinematics-shape and movement-are strongly encoded in neural activity in orofacial primary motor cortex, giving optimism for development of brain-machine interfaces for assisting recovery of lingual function after stroke. However, more research on hyolingual biomechanics and control is needed for technologies interfacing the nervous system with the hyolingual apparatus to become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - J D Laurence-Chasen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Peishu Li
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Courtney Orsbon
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, USA
| | - Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Murray GM, Sessle BJ. Pain-sensorimotor interactions: New perspectives and a new model. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 15:100150. [PMID: 38327725 PMCID: PMC10847382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2024.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
How pain and sensorimotor behavior interact has been the subject of research and debate for many decades. This article reviews theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions and considers their strengths and limitations in the light of findings from experimental and clinical studies of pain-sensorimotor interactions in the spinal and craniofacial sensorimotor systems. A strength of recent theories is that they have incorporated concepts and features missing from earlier theories to account for the role of the sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions of pain in pain-sensorimotor interactions. Findings acquired since the formulation of these recent theories indicate that additional features need to be considered to provide a more comprehensive conceptualization of pain-sensorimotor interactions. These features include biopsychosocial influences that range from biological factors such as genetics and epigenetics to psychological factors and social factors encompassing environmental and cultural influences. Also needing consideration is a mechanistic framework that includes other biological factors reflecting nociceptive processes and glioplastic and neuroplastic changes in sensorimotor and related brain and spinal cord circuits in acute or chronic pain conditions. The literature reviewed and the limitations of previous theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions have led us to provide new perspectives on these interactions, and this has prompted our development of a new concept, the Theory of Pain-Sensorimotor Interactions (TOPSMI) that we suggest gives a more comprehensive framework to consider the interactions and their complexity. This theory states that pain is associated with plastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that lead to an activation pattern of motor units that contributes to the individual's adaptive sensorimotor behavior. This activation pattern takes account of the biological, psychological, and social influences on the musculoskeletal tissues involved in sensorimotor behavior and on the plastic changes and the experience of pain in that individual. The pattern is normally optimized in terms of biomechanical advantage and metabolic cost related to the features of the individual's musculoskeletal tissues and aims to minimize pain and any associated sensorimotor changes, and thereby maintain homeostasis. However, adverse biopsychosocial factors and their interactions may result in plastic CNS changes leading to less optimal, even maladaptive, sensorimotor changes producing motor unit activation patterns associated with the development of further pain. This more comprehensive theory points towards customized treatment strategies, in line with the management approaches to pain proposed in the biopsychosocial model of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Murray
- Discipline of Restorative and Reconstructive Dentistry, Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry and Temerty Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, and Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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Cioffi I. Biological and psychological factors affecting the sensory and jaw motor responses to orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:55-63. [PMID: 37395347 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is associated with an inflammatory response, tooth pain (i.e. orthodontic pain) and changes in dental occlusion. Clinical realms and research evidence suggest that the sensory and jaw motor responses to OTM vary significantly among individuals. While some adjust well to orthodontic procedures, others may not and can experience significant pain or not adjust to occlusal changes. This is of concern, as clinicians cannot anticipate an individual's sensorimotor response to OTM. Converging evidence shows that some psychological states and traits significantly affect the sensorimotor response to OTM and may considerably affect an individual's adaptation to orthodontic or other dental procedures. We performed a topical review to synthesize the available knowledge about the behavioural mechanisms regulating the sensorimotor response to OTM, with the intent of informing orthodontic practitioners and researchers about specific psychological states and traits that should be considered while planning orthodontic treatment. We report on studies focusing on the role of anxiety, pain catastrophising, and somatosensory amplification (i.e. bodily hypervigilance), on sensory and jaw motor responses. Psychological states and traits can significantly affect sensory and jaw motor responses and a patient's adaptation to orthodontic procedures, although large interindividual variability exists. Clinicians can use validated instruments (checklists or questionnaires) to collect information about patients' psychological traits, which can assist in identifying those individuals who may not adjust well to orthodontic procedures. The information included in this manuscript also assists researchers investigating the effect of orthodontic procedures and or/appliances on orthodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cioffi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chen TC, Lin CS. Neuroimaging meta-analysis of brain mechanisms of the association between orofacial pain and mastication. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1070-1081. [PMID: 37252887 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by pain and impaired masticatory functions. The Integrated Pain Adaptation Model (IPAM) predicts that alterations in motor activity may be associated with increased pain in some individuals. The IPAM highlights the diversity of patients' responses to orofacial pain and suggests that such diversity is related to the sensorimotor network of the brain. It remains unclear whether the pattern of brain activation reflects the diversity of patients' responses underlying the association between mastication and orofacial pain. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to compare the spatial pattern of brain activation, as the primary outcome of neuroimaging studies, between studies of mastication (i.e. Study 1: mastication of healthy adults) and studies of orofacial pain (i.e. Study 2: muscle pain in healthy adults and Study 3: noxious stimulation of the masticatory system in TMD patients). METHODS Neuroimaging meta-analyses were conducted for two groups of studies: (a) mastication of healthy adults (Study 1, 10 studies) and (b) orofacial pain (7 studies), including muscle pain in healthy adults (Study 2) and noxious stimulation of the masticatory system in TMD patients (Study 3). Consistent loci of brain activation were synthesized using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) with an initial cluster-forming threshold (p < .05) and a threshold of cluster size (p < .05, familywise error-corrected). RESULTS The orofacial pain studies have shown consistent activation in pain-related regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula (AIns). A conjunctional analysis of mastication and orofacial pain studies showed joint activation at the left AIns, the left primary motor cortex and the right primary somatosensory cortex. CONCLUSION The meta-analytical evidence suggests that the AIns, as a key region in pain, interoception and salience processing, contributes to the pain-mastication association. These findings reveal an additional neural mechanism of the diversity of patients' responses underlying the association between mastication and orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chung Chen
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Li R, Kato C, Fujita A, Abe Y, Ogawa T, Ishidori H, Misawa E, Okihara H, Kokai S, Ono T. Effect of Obesity on Masticatory Muscle Activity and Rhythmic Jaw Movements Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of Different Cortical Masticatory Areas. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113856. [PMID: 37298051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates rhythmic jaw movement (RJM) patterns and masticatory muscle activities during electrical stimulation in two cortical masticatory areas in obese male Zucker rats (OZRs), compared to their counterparts-lean male Zucker rats (LZRs) (seven each). At the age of 10 weeks, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the right anterior digastric muscle (RAD) and masseter muscles, and RJMs were recorded during repetitive intracortical micro-stimulation in the left anterior and posterior parts of the cortical masticatory area (A-area and P-area, respectively). Only P-area-elicited RJMs, which showed a more lateral shift and slower jaw-opening pattern than A-area-elicited RJMs, were affected by obesity. During P-area stimulation, the jaw-opening duration was significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in OZRs (24.3 ms) than LZRs (27.9 ms), the jaw-opening speed was significantly faster (p < 0.05) in OZRs (67.5 mm/s) than LZRs (50.8 mm/s), and the RAD EMG duration was significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in OZRs (5.2 ms) than LZR (6.9 ms). The two groups had no significant difference in the EMG peak-to-peak amplitude and EMG frequency parameters. This study shows that obesity affects the coordinated movement of masticatory components during cortical stimulation. While other factors may be involved, functional change in digastric muscle is partly involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Chiho Kato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Akiyo Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Abe
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishidori
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Eri Misawa
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Okihara
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kokai
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
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Winning L, De Looze C, Knight SP, Carey D, Meaney JF, Kenny RA, O'Connell B. Tooth loss and regional grey matter volume. J Dent 2023; 129:104393. [PMID: 36563839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether tooth loss was associated with regional grey matter volume (GMV) in a group of community dwelling older men and women from Ireland. METHODS A group of 380 dementia-free men and women underwent a dental examination and had a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan as part of The Irish Longitudinal Study of Aging (TILDA). Cortical parcellation was conducted using Freesurfer utilities to produce volumetric measures of gyral based regions of interest. Analysis included multiple linear regression to investigate the association between tooth loss and regional GMVs with adjustment for various confounders. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 68.1 years (SD 7.3) and 51.6% of the group were female. 50 (13.2%) of the participants were edentulous, 148 (38.9%) had 1-19 teeth, and 182 (47.9%) had ≥20 teeth. Multiple liner regression analysis with adjustment for a range of potential confounders showed associations between the number of teeth and GMVs in the paracentral lobule and the cuneus cortex. In the paracentral lobule, comparing participants with 1-19 teeth versus edentates there was an increase in GMV of β=323.0mm3 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 84.5, 561.6) and when comparing participants with ≥20 teeth to edentates there was an increase of β=382.3mm3 (95% CI 126.9, 637.7). In the cuneus cortex, comparing participants with ≥20 teeth to edentates there was an increase in GMV of β=380.5mm3 (95% CI 69.4, 691.5). CONCLUSIONS In this group of older men and women from Ireland, the number of teeth was associated with GMVs in the paracentral lobule and the cuneus cortex independent of various known confounders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although not proof of causation, the finding that tooth loss was associated with regional reduced GMV in the brain may represent a potential explanatory link to the observed association between tooth loss and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Winning
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Carey
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F Meaney
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Connell
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Mulheren R, Westemeyer RM, Dietsch AM. The effect of taste on swallowing: A scoping and systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1256-1282. [PMID: 36036968 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Consuming foods and liquids for nutrition requires the coordination of several muscles. Swallowing is triggered and modified by sensory inputs from the aerodigestive tract. Taste has recently received attention as a potential modulator of swallowing physiology, function, and neural activation; additionally, taste impairment is a sequela of COVID-19. This review presents factors impacting taste and swallowing, systematically summarizes the existing literature, and assesses the quality of included studies. A search was conducted for original research including taste stimulation, deglutition-related measure(s), and human participants. Study design, independent and dependent variables, and participant characteristics were coded; included studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias. Forty-eight articles were included after abstract and full-text review. Synthesis was complicated by variable sensory components of stimuli (taste category and intensity, pure taste vs. flavor, chemesthesis, volume/amount, consistency, temperature), participant characteristics, confounding variables such as genetic taster status, and methods of measurement. Most studies had a high risk of at least one type of bias and were of fair or poor quality. Interpretation is limited by wide variability in methods, taste stimulation, confounding factors, and lower-quality evidence. Existing studies suggest that taste can modulate swallowing, but more rigorous and standardized research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mulheren
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ross M Westemeyer
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angela M Dietsch
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Boscato N, Hayakawa H, Iida T, Costa YM, Kothari SF, Kothari M, Svensson P. Impact of oral motor task training on corticomotor pathways and diadochokinetic rates in young healthy participants. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:924-934. [PMID: 35722734 PMCID: PMC9543743 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies addressing the training‐induced neuroplasticity and interrelationships of the lip, masseter, and tongue motor representations in the human motor cortex using single syllable repetition are lacking. Objective This study investigated the impact of a repeated training in a novel PaTaKa diadochokinetic (DDK) orofacial motor task (OMT) on corticomotor control of the lips, masseter, and tongue muscles in young healthy participants. Methods A total of 22 young healthy volunteers performed 3 consecutive days of training in an OMT. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the lip, masseter, tongue, and first dorsal interosseous (FDI, internal control) muscles. MEPs were assessed by stimulus–response curves and corticomotor mapping at baseline and after OMT. The DDK rate from PaTaKa single syllable repetition and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were also obtained at baseline and immediately after each OMT. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences at a significance level of 5%. Results There was a significant effect of OMT and stimulus intensity on the lips, masseter, and tongue MEPs compared to baseline (p < .001), but not FDI MEPs (p > .05). OMT increased corticomotor topographic maps area (p < .001), and DDK rates (p < .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that 3 consecutive days of a repeated PaTaKa training in an OMT can induce neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor pathways of orofacial muscles, and it may be related to mechanisms underlying the improvement of orofacial fine motor skills due to short‐term training. The clinical utility should now be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noéli Boscato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hidetoshi Hayakawa
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yuri M Costa
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Simple Futarmal Kothari
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Li J, Xue S, Liu Z, Yao D, Ting J. Distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerve fibers after tooth extraction and dental implant placement: an immunohistological study. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:796-805. [PMID: 35576051 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time-dependent peri-implant innervation needs to be elucidated in detail. OBJECTIVES To examine the distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerves around the implant with immunofluorescence during 28-days follow-up after implantation. METHODS 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into non-operated(n=5), extraction(n=5), and implant(n=25) groups. For rats in the extraction and implant groups, three right maxillary molars were extracted. One month later, a titanium implant was placed into the healed alveolar ridge in the implant group. The implant group was further divided into 5 subgroups according to day 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 after implantation, on which day serial histological sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry. On day 28, the serial sections were also prepared in the non-operated and extraction groups. Soluble protein-100 and growth-associated protein-43 were used to immunolabel mature and newly regenerated nerve fibers respectively. RESULTS In the peri-implant soft tissues, the number of both mature and newly regenerated nerves showed an increasing trend in 28 days. In the bone tissues, the number of mature or newly regenerated nerves in both areas at less than 100 μm and 100-200 μm from the implant surface on day 28 grew significantly compared with that on day 1 or 3. In addition, the closest distance from mature nerves to the implant surface decreased evidently. CONCLUSION The number of peri-implant nerves increased in 28 days since implantation. The innervation in the soft tissue took place faster than in the bone tissue. The mature nerves in the bone tissue approached the implant gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shenghao Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Ting
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Abe S, Huynh NT, Kato T, Rompré PH, Landry-Schönbeck A, Landry ML, de Grandmont P, Kawano F, Lavigne GJ. Oral appliances reduce masticatory muscle activity-sleep bruxism metrics independently of changes in heart rate variability. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5653-5662. [PMID: 35538329 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep bruxism (SB) is associated with physiological activities including sympathetic autonomic system dominance and sleep micro-arousal. While oral appliances (OA) are used to prevent SB harmful effects, the influence of OAs physiological mechanisms during sleep is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess whether heart rate variability (HRV) changes, as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity, would be associated with the OA mechanism of action on SB using occlusal splint (OS) and mandibular advancement splint (MAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis, from data previously collected in 21 participants with SB (25.6 ± 4.5 years) with polysomnographic recordings, was done. HRV data were compared between a reference night (no-device) and ones during which OS or MAS was used in a crossover study design. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) index was compared between nights. HRV was evaluated using autoregressive model analysis for three sections: baseline (distance from RMMA), immediately before, and after RMMA period. RESULTS A significant reduction in RMMA index, when wearing OA during sleep, was observed (P < 0.01), but was not associated with HRV parameters change. HRV significantly changed after RMMA onset for nights with OA during non-REM sleep in comparison with baseline (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The usage of OAs for SB participants reduced RMMA, but most likely independently of changes in HRV linked to the mechanism associated with SB genesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Wearing OA seems to reduce grinding noise and protect from dental injuries but does not seem to influence SB genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Abe
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Research Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 boul, Gouin Ouest, Québec, H4J 1C5, Montréal, Canada. .,Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Nelly T Huynh
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pierre H Rompré
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anaïs Landry-Schönbeck
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Landry
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre de Grandmont
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fumiaki Kawano
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Research Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 boul, Gouin Ouest, Québec, H4J 1C5, Montréal, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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15
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Liu W, Cui C, Hu Z, Li J, Wang J. Changes of neuroplasticity in cortical motor control of human masseter muscle related to orthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:258-264. [PMID: 34921434 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is a common clinical method of malocclusion. Studies have found that neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain undergo adaptive remodeling in response to changes in oral behavior or occlusion. OBJECTIVE To explore whether orthodontic treatment could be sufficient to cause neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle. METHODS Fifteen Angle Class II malocclusion patients who were receiving orthodontic treatment participated in the study. Cortical excitability was assessed by electromyographic activity changes evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Four orthodontic time points were recorded, including baseline, day 1, day 7, and day 30. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded in the masseter muscle and the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) serving as a control. The data were analysed by stimulus-response curves and corticomotor mapping. Statistical analyses involved repeated measures analysis of variance, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the masseter muscle were significantly decreased during orthodontic treatment compared with those of the baseline (p < .001). MEPs of the masseter muscle were dependent on session and stimulus intensity (p < .001), whereas MEPs of FDI were only dependent on stimulus intensity (p = .091). Finally, Tukey's post hoc tests demonstrated that MEPs of the masseter muscle on days 1 and 7, with 70%-90% stimulus intensities, were higher than those of baseline values (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that orthodontic treatment can lead to neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscle, which may add to our understanding of the adaptive response of subjects to changes of oral environment during the orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglin Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Stipancic KL, Kuo YL, Miller A, Ventresca HM, Sternad D, Kimberley TJ, Green JR. The effects of continuous oromotor activity on speech motor learning: speech biomechanics and neurophysiologic correlates. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3487-3505. [PMID: 34524491 PMCID: PMC8599312 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sustained limb motor activity has been used as a therapeutic tool for improving rehabilitation outcomes and is thought to be mediated by neuroplastic changes associated with activity-induced cortical excitability. Although prior research has reported enhancing effects of continuous chewing and swallowing activity on learning, the potential beneficial effects of sustained oromotor activity on speech improvements is not well-documented. This exploratory study was designed to examine the effects of continuous oromotor activity on subsequent speech learning. Twenty neurologically healthy young adults engaged in periods of continuous chewing and speech after which they completed a novel speech motor learning task. The motor learning task was designed to elicit improvements in accuracy and efficiency of speech performance across repetitions of eight-syllable nonwords. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure the cortical silent period (cSP) of the lip motor cortex before and after the periods of continuous oromotor behaviors. All repetitions of the nonword task were recorded acoustically and kinematically using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Productions were analyzed for accuracy and duration, as well as lip movement distance and speed. A control condition estimated baseline improvement rates in speech performance. Results revealed improved speech performance following 10 min of chewing. In contrast, speech performance following 10 min of continuous speech was degraded. There was no change in the cSP as a result of either oromotor activity. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of speech rehabilitation and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila L Stipancic
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Kuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Miller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayden M Ventresca
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dagmar Sternad
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa J Kimberley
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jordan R Green
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Building 79/96, 2nd Floor 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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17
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Verma A, Bhatnagar A, Kumar I, Verma A. Enhancement of Sensorimotor Cortical Adaptation after Dental Implantation in Comparison to the Conventional Denture - Demonstration by Functional MRI at 1-5T. Neurol India 2021; 69:665-669. [PMID: 34169865 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.317239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Dental implantation is thought to be associated with enhancement of neuro-cortical sensorimotor activity which has been lost due to an edentulous state. Such changes are either feeble or absent after the placement of a conventional denture. In the present study, we test this hypothesis using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity on functional MRI (fMRI) as a bio-surrogate. Materials and Methods fMRI was performed in 12 consecutive edentulous subjects (mean age = 59.2 years) after the placement of a conventional complete denture (CD) and subsequently after intraoral dental implantation (IOD). The semi-quantitative data of the BOLD activity was compiled to depict the activation seen in both scenarios in six anatomical regions. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the significance of enhancement in BOLD activity in these regions in patients having an IOD as compared to those having a CD. Results The enhancement of BOLD activity on fMRI after placement of an IOD was much more significant as compared to that noted with CD. Using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test the nonparametric data showed a significant positive elevation in global and regional assigned mean ranks of BOLD activity. Conclusion Intraoral implantation leads to a significant elevation in the BOLD activity of the sensorimotor cortex as compared to the placement of a conventional CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Verma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Bhatnagar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Ishan Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Utter Pradesh, India
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18
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Matsuzaki S, Shimada A, Tanaka J, Kothari M, Castrillon E, Iida T, Svensson P. Effect of mandibular advancement device on plasticity in corticomotor control of tongue and jaw muscles. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1805-1813. [PMID: 33904391 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate if the use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) is associated with neuroplasticity in corticomotor control of tongue and jaw muscles. METHODS Eighteen healthy individuals participated in a randomized crossover study with 3 conditions for 2 weeks each: baseline, wearing an oral appliance (OA: sham MAD) or MAD during sleep. The custom-made MAD was constructed by positioning the mandible to 50% of its maximal protrusion limit. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The MEPs were assessed by constructing stimulus-response curves at four stimulus intensities: 90%, 100%, 120%, and 160% of the motor threshold (MT) from the right tongue and right masseter, and the first dorsal interosseous muscles (FDI, control) at baseline, after the first and the second intervention. RESULTS There was a significant effect of condition and stimulus intensity both on the tongue and as well as on masseter MEPs (P < 0.01). Tongue and masseter MEPs were significantly higher at 120% and 160% following the MAD compared to the OA (P < 0.05). There were no effects of condition on FDI MEPs (P = 0.855). CONCLUSIONS The finding suggests that MAD induces neuroplasticity in the corticomotor pathway of the tongue and jaw muscles associated with the new jaw position. Further investigations are required in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to see if this cortical neuroplasticity may contribute or perhaps predict treatment effects with MADs in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON).,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Akiko Shimada
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinic Medicine, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Eduardo Castrillon
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON)
| | - Takashi Iida
- Division of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Health Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON).,Faculty of Odontology, Malmø University, Sweden
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19
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Lim M, Nascimento TD, Kim DJ, Ellingrod VL, DaSilva AF. Aberrant Brain Signal Variability and COMT Genotype in Chronic TMD Patients. J Dent Res 2021; 100:714-722. [PMID: 33622085 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521994089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of brain signal variability is a promising approach to understand pathological brain function related to chronic pain. This study investigates whether blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal variability (BOLDSV) in specific frequency bands is altered in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and correlated to its clinical features. Twelve patients with chronic myofascial TMD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The BOLDSV was measured as the standard deviation of the BOLD time series at each voxel and compared between groups. We also examined the potential relationship between the BOLDSV and the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism. We assessed sensory-discriminative pain in the craniofacial region, pain sensitivity to sustained masseteric pain challenge, and TMD pain frequency for clinical correlation. Patients displayed reduced BOLDSV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as compared with HC in all frequency bands. In the slow-3 band, patients also showed reduced BOLDSV in the medial dorsal thalamus, primary motor cortex (M1), and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and heightened BOLDSV in the temporal pole. Notably, we found a significant correlation between lower BOLDSV (slow-3) in the orofacial M1/S1 regions and higher clinical pain (intensity/area) and higher sensitivity of the masseter muscle pain. Moreover, lower BOLDSV (slow-3) in the dlPFC and ventrolateral PFC was associated with a higher TMD pain frequency. Participants who had the COMT 158Met substitution exhibited lower BOLDSV in the dlPFC and higher BOLDSV in the temporal pole as compared with participants without the COMT 158Met substitution. An increasing number of Met alleles was associated with lower dlPFC and greater temporal pole BOLDSV in both HC and TMD groups. Together, we demonstrated that chronic TMD patients exhibit aberrant BOLDSV in the top-down pain modulatory and sensorimotor circuits associated with their pain frequency and severity. COMT Val158Met polymorphism might affect clinical symptoms in association with regional brain signal variability, specifically involved in cognitive and emotional regulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lim
- Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T D Nascimento
- Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D J Kim
- Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V L Ellingrod
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A F DaSilva
- Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Plasticity in corticomotor pathways linked to a jaw protrusion training task: Potential implications for management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu YCG, Lan SJ, Hirano H, Lin LM, Hori K, Lin CS, Zwetchkenbaum S, Minakuchi S, Teng AYT. Update and review of the gerodontology prospective for 2020's: Linking the interactions of oral (hypo)-functions to health vs. systemic diseases. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:757-773. [PMID: 33854730 PMCID: PMC8025188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New lines of evidence suggest that the oral-systemic medical links and oral hypo-function are progressively transcending beyond the traditional clinical signs and symptoms of oral diseases. Research into the dysbiotic microbiome, host immune/inflammatory regulations and patho-physiologic changes and subsequent adaptations through the oral-systemic measures under ageism points to pathways leading to mastication deficiency, dysphagia, signature brain activities for (neuro)-cognition circuitries, dementia and certain cancers of the digestive system as well. Therefore, the coming era of oral health-linked systemic disorders will likely reshape the future of diagnostics in oral geriatrics, treatment modalities and professional therapies in clinical disciplines. In parallel to these highlights, a recent international symposium was jointly held by the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG), Japanese Society of Gerodontology (JSG), the representative of USA and Taiwan Academy of Geriatric Dentistry (TAGD) on Oct 25th, 2019. Herein, specific notes are briefly addressed and updated for a summative prospective from this symposium and the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chun G. Liu
- Center for Osteoimmunology & Biotechnology Research (COBR) and Dept. of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Dept. of Oral Hygiene & COBR, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; No. 100, Shih-Chun 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. Fax: +886 07 3223141.
| | - Shou-Jen Lan
- Dept. of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence & Mental Health, and Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Li-min Lin
- Div. of Oral Pathology & Oral Maxillo-facial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University & KMU-Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiro Hori
- Div. of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chia-shu Lin
- Dept. of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samuel Zwetchkenbaum
- Rhode Island Dept. of Health, Rhode Island, USA
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology & Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andy Yen-Tung Teng
- Center for Osteoimmunology & Biotechnology Research (COBR) and Dept. of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Osteoimmunology & Biotechnology Research (COBR) and School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and KMU-Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Center for Osteoimmunology and Biotechnology Research (COBR), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU) & KMU-Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Zanin MC, Garcia DM, Rocha EM, de Felício CM. Orofacial Motor Functions and Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:1057-1065. [PMID: 31207153 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sjögren's syndrome (SS) induces difficulty in chewing and swallowing due to low salivary flow. However, these symptoms may be associated with other factors, such as orofacial myofunctional disorders and temporomandibular disorder (TMD), which have not been comprehensively assessed in this population. The aims of this study were to investigate orofacial muscles and functions as well as the presence of TMD in patients with SS compared with a group without SS and to analyze whether the patients' experience of limitations in orofacial functioning is associated with the orofacial functional status and muscle pain related to TMD. METHODS Women with SS based on the 2002 American-European Consensus Group criteria and volunteers paired by age and sex were compared. The examinations included the orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES) protocol, tongue and lip strength measures, and electromyography of the masticatory muscles. TMD investigations included clinical examination, self-report of symptoms, and assessment according to the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale. RESULTS Patients with SS present with impaired muscle and orofacial functions based on lower scores of all categories of OMES (P < 0.0001), tongue strength (P = 0.0003-0.0004), and masticatory muscle activity (P = 0.0002-0.007), as well as worse TMD signs and symptoms (P < 0.05) and jaw functional limitation (P < 0.0001-0.0003). CONCLUSION Patients' experiences with limitation in mastication and swallowing were associated with orofacial myofunctional status and muscle pain related to TMD. Those disorders should be monitored along with disease control and must be addressed in the clinical evaluation to prevent nutritional and metabolic comorbidities in patients with SS.
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23
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Mélotte E, Maudoux A, Delhalle S, Lagier A, Thibaut A, Aubinet C, Kaux JF, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Ledoux D, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Swallowing in individuals with disorders of consciousness: A cohort study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 64:101403. [PMID: 32535170 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a period of coma, a proportion of individuals with severe brain injury remain in an altered state of consciousness before regaining partial or complete recovery. Individuals with disorders of consciousness (DOC) classically receive hydration and nutrition through an enteral-feeding tube. However, the real impact of the level of consciousness on an individual's swallowing ability remains poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to document the incidence and characteristics of dysphagia in DOC individuals and to evaluate the link between different components of swallowing and the level of consciousness. METHODS We analyzed clinical data on the respiratory status, oral feeding and otolaryngologic examination of swallowing in DOC individuals. We analyzed the association of components of swallowing and participant groups (i.e., unresponsive wakefulness syndrome [UWS] and minimally conscious state [MCS]). RESULTS We included 92 individuals with DOC (26 UWS and 66 MCS). Overall, 99% of the participants showed deficits in the oral and/or pharyngeal phase of swallowing. As compared with the MCS group, the UWS group more frequently had a tracheostomy (69% vs 24%), with diminished cough reflex (27% vs 54%) and no effective oral phase (0% vs 21%). CONCLUSION Almost all DOC participants had severe dysphagia. Some components of swallowing (i.e., tracheostomy, cough reflex and efficacy of the oral phase of swallowing) were related to consciousness. In particular, no UWS participant had an efficient oral phase, which suggests that its presence may be a sign of consciousness. In addition, no UWS participant could be fed entirely orally, whereas no MCS participant orally received ordinary food. Our study also confirms that objective swallowing assessment can be successfully completed in DOC individuals and that specific care is needed to treat severe dysphagia in DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Mélotte
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Audrey Maudoux
- Sensation and Perception Research Group GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Delhalle
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aude Lagier
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlène Aubinet
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation and Perception Research Group GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Algology Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Didier Ledoux
- Intensive Care Unit Department, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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24
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Kobayashi T, Fukami H, Ishikawa E, Shibata K, Kubota M, Kondo H, Sahara Y. An fMRI Study of the Brain Network Involved in Teeth Tapping in Elderly Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:32. [PMID: 32256334 PMCID: PMC7090023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical activity during jaw movement has been analyzed using various non-invasive brain imaging methods, but the contribution of orofacial sensory input to voluntary jaw movements remains unclear. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe brain activities during a simple teeth tapping task in adult dentulous (AD), older dentulous (OD), and older edentulous subjects who wore dentures (OEd) or did not wear dentures (OE) to analyze their functional network connections. (1) To assess the effect of age on natural activation patterns during teeth tapping, a comparison of groups with natural dentition—AD and OD—was undertaken. A general linear model analysis indicated that the major activated site in the AD group was the primary sensory cortex (SI) and motor cortex (MI) (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected). In the OD group, teeth tapping induced brain activity at various foci (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected), including the SI, MI, insula cortex, supplementary motor cortex (SMC)/premotor cortex (PMA), cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia in each group. (2) Group comparisons between the OD and OEd subjects showed decreased activity in the SI, MI, Brodmann’s area 6 (BA6), thalamus (ventral posteromedial nucleus, VPM), basal ganglia, and insular cortex (p ¡ 0.005, uncorrected). This suggested that the decreased S1/M1 activity in the OEd group was related to missing teeth, which led to reduced periodontal afferents. (3) A conjunction analysis in the OD and OEd/OE groups revealed that commonly activated areas were the MI, SI, cerebellum, BA6, thalamus (VPM), and basal ganglia (putamen; p < 0.05, FWE corrected). These areas have been associated with voluntary movements. (4) Psychophysiological interaction analysis (OEd vs OE) showed that subcortical and cortical structures, such as the MI, SI, DLPFC, SMC/PMA, insula cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, likely function as hubs and form an integrated network that participates in the control of teeth tapping. These results suggest that oral sensory inputs are involved in the control of teeth tapping through feedforward control of intended movements, as well as feedback control of ongoing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobayashi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - H Fukami
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Care, Baika Women's University, Osaka, Japan
| | - E Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - K Shibata
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - M Kubota
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - H Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Y Sahara
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
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25
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Wang Y, Sibaii F, Custead R, Oh H, Barlow SM. Functional Connectivity Evoked by Orofacial Tactile Perception of Velocity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:182. [PMID: 32210753 PMCID: PMC7068713 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical representations of orofacial pneumotactile stimulation involve complex neuronal networks, which are still unknown. This study aims to identify the characteristics of functional connectivity (FC) evoked by three different saltatory velocities over the perioral and buccal surface of the lower face using functional magnetic resonance imaging in twenty neurotypical adults. Our results showed a velocity of 25 cm/s evoked stronger connection strength between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right thalamus than a velocity of 5 cm/s. The decreased FC between the right secondary somatosensory cortex and right posterior parietal cortex for 5-cm/s velocity versus all three velocities delivered simultaneously (“All ON”) and the increased FC between the right thalamus and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex for 65 cm/s vs “All ON” indicated that the right secondary somatosensory cortex might play a role in the orofacial tactile perception of velocity. Our results have also shown different patterns of FC for each seed (bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortex) at various velocity contrasts (5 vs 25 cm/s, 5 vs 65 cm/s, and 25 vs 65 cm/s). The similarities and differences of FC among three velocities shed light on the neuronal networks encoding the orofacial tactile perception of velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Fatima Sibaii
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rebecca Custead
- Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Steven M Barlow
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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26
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Suso-Martí L, Paris-Alemany A, La Touche R, Cuenca-Martínez F. Effects of mental and physical orofacial training on pressure pain sensitivity and tongue strength: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112774. [PMID: 31838148 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to analyze differences on pain pressure thresholds, tongue strength and perceived effort between various orofacial motor exercise training dosages of mental representation training through motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO), first in isolation and then in combination with real exercise performance. METHODS A single-blind randomized controlled trial was designed. 48 asymptomatic individuals were randomized into two groups: Intensive training group (IG) and Moderate training group (MG). Both groups performed a first session of MI and AO of orofacial exercises training and a second session of actual orofacial exercises combined with mental representation training, but with different dosage in terms of series and repetitions. Pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) in the masseter and temporal muscles and tongue muscle strength were the main variables. RESULTS Regarding the PPT, ANOVA revealed significant between-group differences, where MG showed a significantly higher PPT than IG at post-day2, with a medium effect size. Both groups showed with-in group differences between pre and post intervention measures in the first session, but only the IG showed differences in the second. Regarding tongue muscle strength, ANOVA revealed significant within-group differences only in MG between the pre-day and post-day first intervention. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that movement representation training performed in isolation may have a positive effect on PPTs and tongue muscle strength. In addition, the combination with the actual execution of the exercises could be considered effective, but it is necessary to take into account the training dosage to avoid fatigue responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Suso-Martí
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Paris-Alemany
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de Dolor Craneofacial y Neuromusculoesquelético (INDCRAN), Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de Dolor Craneofacial y Neuromusculoesquelético (INDCRAN), Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España.
| | - Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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27
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Aung PT, Kato C, Abe Y, Ogawa T, Ishidori H, Fujita A, Okihara H, Kokai S, Ono T. Functional Analysis of Rhythmic Jaw Movements Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Cortical Masticatory Area During Low Occlusal Loading in Growing Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:34. [PMID: 32082192 PMCID: PMC7005729 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation of rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) and related neuromuscular control has rarely been studied in animals, though this process is essential for regulating the development of stomatognathic functions. Previous studies have shown that occlusal hypofunction during growth alters masticatory performance. However, little is known about patterns of cortically-induced RJMs under conditions of soft-diet feeding during development. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of low occlusal loading on the pattern of cortically induced RJMs and related neuromuscular responses in growing rats. Sixty-four 2-week-old male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed on either a normal diet (control) or soft diet (experimental) soon after weaning. At 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks of age, electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right masseter and anterior digastric muscles along with corresponding kinematic images in RJMs during repetitive intracortical microstimulation of the left cortical masticatory area (CMA). Rats in both groups showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until 9 weeks of age. The vertical jaw movement speed in both groups showed no significant difference between 5 and 7 weeks of age but increased with age from 9 to 11 weeks. Compared to the control group, the average gape size and vertical speed were significantly lower in the experimental group, and the pattern and rhythm of the jaw movement cycle were similar between both groups at each recording age. EMG recordings showed no age-related significant differences in onset latency, duration, and peak-to-peak amplitude. Moreover, we found significantly longer onset latency, smaller peak-to-peak amplitude, and greater drop-off mean and median frequencies in the experimental group than in the control group, while there was no significant difference in the duration between groups. These findings indicate that a lack of enough occlusal function in infancy impedes the development of patterns of RJMs and delays the neuromuscular response from specific stimulation of the CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Thura Aung
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiho Kato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Abe
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishidori
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Okihara
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kokai
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Lin C, Yeung AWK. What do we learn from brain imaging?—A primer for the dentists who want to know more about the association between the brain and human stomatognathic functions. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:659-671. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry School of Dentistry National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science School of Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Brain Research Center National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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29
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Lin CS. Functional Adaptation of Oromotor Functions and Aging: A Focused Review of the Evidence From Brain Neuroimaging Research. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 31998112 PMCID: PMC6962247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
“Practice makes perfect” is a principle widely applied when one is acquiring a new sensorimotor skill to cope with challenges from a new environment. In terms of oral healthcare, the traditional view holds that restoring decayed structures is one of the primary aims of treatment. This assumes that the patient’s oromotor functions would be recovered back to normal levels after the restoration. However, in older patients, such a structural–functional coupling after dental treatment shows a great degree of individual variations. For example, after prosthodontic treatment, some patients would adapt themselves quickly to the new dentures, while others would not. In this Focused Review, I argue that the functional aspects of adaptation—which would be predominantly associated with the brain mechanisms of cognitive processing and motor learning—play a critical role in the individual differences in the adaptive behaviors of oromotor functions. This thesis is critical to geriatric oral healthcare since the variation in the capacity of cognitive processing and motor learning is critically associated with aging. In this review, (a) the association between aging and the brain-stomatognathic axis will be introduced; (b) the brain mechanisms underlying the association between aging, compensatory behavior, and motor learning will be briefly summarized; (c) the neuroimaging evidence that suggests the role of cognitive processing and motor learning in oromotor functions will be summarized, and critically, the brain mechanisms underlying mastication and swallowing in older people will be discussed; and (d) based on the current knowledge, an experimental framework for investigating the association between aging and the functional adaptation of oromotor functions will be proposed. Finally, I will comment on the practical implications of this framework and postulate questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Grigoriadis A, Kumar A, Åberg MK, Trulsson M. Effect of Sudden Deprivation of Sensory Inputs From Periodontium on Mastication. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1316. [PMID: 31920486 PMCID: PMC6914695 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of sudden deprivation of sensory inputs from the periodontium on jaw kinematics and time-varying activation profile of the masseter muscle. Methods Fourteen (age range: 22–26 years; four men) healthy and natural dentate volunteers participated in a single experimental session. During the experiment, the participants were asked to eat six hard visco-elastic test food models, three each before and after an anesthetic intervention. The movements of the jaw in three dimensions and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle on the chewing side were recorded. Results The results of the study showed no significant differences in the number of chewing cycles (P = 0.233) and the duration of chewing sequence (P = 0.198) due to sudden deprivation of sensory inputs from the periodontium. However, there was a significant increase in the jaw opening velocity (P = 0.030) and a significant increase in the duration of occlusal phase (P = 0.004) during the anesthetized condition. The EMG activity of the jaw closing phase was significantly higher during the control condition [116.5 arbitrary units (AU)] than anesthetized condition (93.9 AU). The temporal profile of the masseter muscle showed a biphasic increase in the excitatory muscle drive in the control condition but this increase was virtually absent during the anesthetized condition. Conclusion Sudden deprivation of sensory inputs from the periodontium affects the jaw kinematics and jaw muscle activity, with a clear difference in the time-varying activation profile of the masseter muscle. The activation profile of the masseter muscle shows that periodontal mechanoreceptors contribute to approximately 20% of the EMG activity during the jaw closing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Grigoriadis
- Section of Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Section of Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Åberg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Section of Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Huddinge, Sweden
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Mandibular prognathism attenuates brain blood flow induced by chewing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19104. [PMID: 31836754 PMCID: PMC6911081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastication is closely related to brain function. Animal experiments have revealed that tooth loss has a negative influence on brain function. Clinical studies also suggest that normal occlusion is an essential factor for favorable brain function. Mandibular prognathism (MP) usually results in occlusal dysfunction. However, the relationship between MP and brain function remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between MP and brain function by measuring brain blood flow (BBF). Seventeen subjects with normal occlusion (NORM) and 25 patients with MP participated in this study. The number of occlusal contacts were counted. Electromyography of the masseter muscles during clenching was also recorded. BBF was measured with non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy during calculation task and chewing task. The number of the occlusal contacts and masseter muscle activity were lower in MP compared with NORM. The calculation task increased BBF in both groups. The chewing task also increased BBF in the inferior frontal gyrus in both groups, although the increase in MP was smaller than in NORM. We discovered that patients with MP exhibited a smaller increase in BBF at the inferior frontal gyrus during chewing as compared with NORM. As such, MP would negatively affect brain function.
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Effects of Motor Training on Accuracy and Precision of Jaw and Finger Movements. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:9593464. [PMID: 31827500 PMCID: PMC6885803 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9593464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of training of jaw and finger movements with and without visual feedback on precision and accuracy. Method Twenty healthy participants (10 men and 10 women; mean age 24.6 ± 0.8 years) performed two tasks: a jaw open-close movement and a finger lifting task with and without visual feedback before and after 3-day training. Individually determined target positions for the jaw corresponded to 50% of the maximal jaw opening position, and a fixed target position of 20 mm was set for the finger. Movements were repeated 10 times each. The variability in the amplitude of the movements was expressed as percentage in relation to the target position (Daccu—accuracy) and as coefficient of variation (CVprec—precision). Result Daccu and CVprec were significantly influenced by visual feedback (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and reduced after training jaw and finger movements (P < 0.001). Daccu (P = 0.004) and CVprec (P = 0.019) were significantly different between jaw and finger movements. The relative changes in Daccu (P = 0.017) and CVprec (P = 0.027) were different from pretraining to posttraining between jaw and finger movements. Conclusion The accuracy and precision of standardized jaw and finger movements are dependent on visual feedback and appears to improve more by training in the trigeminal system possibly reflecting significant neuroplasticity in motor control mechanisms.
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33
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Ibrahim AF, Salem EE, Gomaa NE, Abdelazeim FH. The effect of incentive spirometer training on oromotor and pulmonary functions in children with Down's syndrome. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:405-411. [PMID: 31728137 PMCID: PMC6838806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the effect of incentive spirometry training on oromotor and pulmonary functions in children with Down's syndrome. Methods Thirty-four children with Down's syndrome were randomly divided into two groups; the children were of both sexes and aged between 6 and 12 years. Group A received only oromotor exercises, while Group B received oromotor exercises and incentive spirometry training. The pulmonary function test was performed using computerized spirometry model master screen that assessed pulmonary functions (peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1s), while the orofacial myofunctional evaluation with score (OMES) was used to evaluate oromotor function before and after treatment. Results The post treatment results showed significant difference in oromotor and pulmonary functions within both groups, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions Oromotor exercises are more effective than incentive spirometry training in improving both pulmonary and oromotor functions in children with Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F. Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Cairo University, Giza District, Egypt
- Corresponding address: Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki-Giza, Giza District, Egypt.
| | - Elham E. Salem
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Cairo University, Giza District, Egypt
| | - Nada E. Gomaa
- National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Faten H. Abdelazeim
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Cairo University, Giza District, Egypt
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34
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Marim GC, Machado BCZ, Trawitzki LVV, de Felício CM. Tongue strength, masticatory and swallowing dysfunction in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Combination of jaw and tongue movement training influences neuroplasticity of corticomotor pathways in humans. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2559-2571. [PMID: 31346648 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since humans in daily life perform multiple motor behaviors that often involve the simultaneous activation of both jaw and tongue muscles, it is essential to understand the effects of combined orofacial sensorimotor tasks on plasticity in corticomotor pathways. Moreover, to establish novel rehabilitation programs for patients, it is important to clarify the possible interrelationships in corticomotor excitability between jaw and tongue motor control. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a combination of a repetitive tooth bite task (TBT) and a repetitive tongue lift task (TLT) on corticomotor excitability of the tongue and jaw muscles as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Sixteen healthy individuals participated in three kinds of training tasks consisting of 41-min TBT, 41-min TLT, and 82-min TBT + TLT. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the tongue muscle, masseter muscle, and first dorsal interosseous muscle were measured before and after the training tasks. The amplitude of tongue MEPs after training with TLT and TLT + TBT, and masseter MEPs after training with TBT and TLT + TBT, were significantly higher than before training (P < 0.05). Tongue MEPs and masseter MEPs were significantly higher after TLT + TBT than after TBT or TLT (P < 0.05). The present results suggest that a task combining both jaw and tongue movement training is associated with a greater degree of neuroplasticity in the corticomotor control of jaw and tongue muscles than either task alone.
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36
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Sessle BJ. Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:936-951. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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37
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Shupe GE, Wilson A, Luckett CR. The effect of oral tactile sensitivity on texture perception and mastication behavior. J Texture Stud 2019; 50:285-294. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Shupe
- Department of Food Science, Institute of AgricultureUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Arran Wilson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Curtis R. Luckett
- Department of Food Science, Institute of AgricultureUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
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38
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Shah F, Stål P, Li J, Sessle BJ, Avivi-Arber L. Tooth extraction and subsequent dental implant placement in Sprague-Dawley rats induce differential changes in anterior digastric myofibre size and myosin heavy chain isoform expression. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:141-149. [PMID: 30684691 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine if tooth loss and dental implant placement in rats induce changes in the morphological and histochemical features of the Anterior Digastric muscle. DESIGN Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had their right maxillary molar teeth extracted. 'Extraction-1' and 'Extraction-2 groups were sacrificed, respectively, 4 or 8 weeks later, and an Implant group had an implant placement 2 weeks after the molar extraction, and rats were sacrificed 3 weeks later (n = 4/group). Naive rats (n = 3) had no treatment. Morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques quantified Anterior Digastric muscle myofibres' cross-sectional area (CSA) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform proportions. Significant ANOVAs were followed by post-hoc tests; p < 0.05 and 0.1 were considered to reflect levels of statistical significance. RESULTS In naïve rats, the peripheral regions of the Anterior Digastric muscle was dominated by MyHC-IIx/b isoform and there were no MyHC-I isoforms; the central regions dominated by MyHC-IIx/b and MyHC-IIa isoforms. Compared with naive rats, tooth extraction produced, 8 (but not 4) weeks later, a decreased proportion of fast-contracting fatigue-resistant MyHC-IIa isoform (p = 0.08), and increased proportion of fast and intermediate fatigue-resistance MyHC-IIa/x/b isoform (p = 0.03). Dental implant placement following tooth extraction attenuated the extraction effects but produced a decreased proportion of fast-contracting fatiguable MyHC-llx/b isoform (p = 0.03) in the peripheral region, and increased inter-animal variability in myofibre-CSAs. CONCLUSIONS Given the crucial role that the Anterior Digastric muscle plays in many vital oral functions (e.g., chewing, swallowing), these changes may contribute to the changes in oral sensorimotor functions that occur in humans following such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shah
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jian Li
- Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada; Peking University, China.
| | - Barry J Sessle
- Oral Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Limor Avivi-Arber
- Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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39
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Shupe GE, Resmondo ZN, Luckett CR. Characterization of oral tactile sensitivity and masticatory performance across adulthood. J Texture Stud 2018; 49:560-568. [PMID: 30238470 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Texture perception is one of the most important factors in food acceptance, yet population-wide differences in texture sensations are not well understood. The variation in texture perception across populations is thought to depend on oral tactile sensitivity and masticatory performance. To address this hypothesis, we aimed to measure tactile acuity with a battery of tests and quantitate the relationship to masticatory performance. The study was performed on 98 participants, in three age groups (20-25, 35-45, or over 62). Two main measures of oral sensitivity were performed: to assess bite force, subjects were asked to discriminate between foam samples of varying hardness. Second, to assess lingual sensitivity the subjects were asked to identify 3D printed shapes using their tongue, as well as identify confectionary letters. Additionally, masticatory performance was measured through assessing each participants ability to mix two-colored chewing gum. In general, we found that sensitivity and masticatory performance in the younger age groups was superior to that of older adults. We also found a positive linear trend between bite force sensitivity and masticatory performance with younger participants, a trend not found in older participants. We found no significant relationship between age groups for bite force sensitivity and masticatory performance, suggesting that age-related declines in bite force sensitivity are not a significant cause of altered masticatory performance. This study represents a valuable first step in showing that bite force sensitivity does not depend on age, and the minimal influence of factors such as oral sensitivity on masticatory performance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In a society that is rapidly aging, it is important to understand the subtle changes in physiology and eating behavior that are associated with aging. This study used a variety of tests oral sensitivity to better understand which aspects of oral physiology are integral for effective chewing. The information gained helps shed light on to the factors that create an effective chewing cycle. Besides moving knowledge forward, this study may help in designing food and rehabilitation programs for those with trouble chewing and swallowing, increasing their overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Shupe
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Zoe N Resmondo
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Curtis R Luckett
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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40
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Fougeront N, Fleiter B. Temporomandibular disorder and comorbid neck pain: facts and hypotheses regarding pain-induced and rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1051-1059. [PMID: 30067068 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the "pain adaptation model", temporomandibular disorder (TMD)-related pain induces a paradoxical activity of masticatory muscles: an agonistic hypoactivity during jaw closing and an antagonistic activity during jaw opening (agonist/antagonist co-activation). However, this model suffers several weaknesses; notably, it does not explain all types of neck muscle activities in neck pain (NP), which is a very prevalent TMD comorbid condition. In NP, neck muscle antagonistic activity is increased, and agonistic activity is decreased as postulated by the pain adaptation model. However, synergistic and compensatory activity may occur and agonistic activity may be unchanged or even increased as postulated within the "vicious cycle theory". Thus, both theories would apply partly as outlined currently in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Besides pain, psychological stress may also induce motor dysfunction in TMD and NP. In NP, rehabilitation may increase agonistic activity and decrease compensatory activity and antagonistic activity, thus inducing a switch from agonist/antagonist co-activation towards reciprocal inhibition. Thus, rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes constitute a new research field that should improve MSD therapeutics. Additionally, immature tongue function (so-called infantile swallow) might be connected to TMD where low agonistic activity of masticatory muscles would be compensated by facial muscle hyperactivity during oropharyngeal phase of deglutition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fougeront
- a Consultation de troubles fonctionnels oro-faciaux, service de médecine bucco-dentaire/odontologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Fleiter
- a Consultation de troubles fonctionnels oro-faciaux, service de médecine bucco-dentaire/odontologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France.,b Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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41
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Sandoval I, Moura Ferreira P, Obregon F, Whittle T, Murray GM. Experimental noxious stimulation of the right masseter muscle does not affect bilateral masseter and temporalis muscle activity and force parameters during standardised isometric biting tasks. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:871-880. [PMID: 30024046 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right masseter and anterior temporalis muscles is altered by experimental right masseter muscle noxious stimulation during goal-directed isometric biting tasks in asymptomatic humans. METHODS Isometric biting tasks (slow and fast ramp biting tasks, 2-step biting task) were performed on an intraoral force transducer in 18 participants during the following blocks: baseline block, hypertonic saline infusion into the right masseter muscle (painful block) and isotonic saline infusion into the right masseter (control block). Bipolar surface electrodes recorded EMG activity from the bilateral masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. A 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) quantified pain intensity, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were completed. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of pain on the force rates (N/s), force amplitudes (N) and the root mean square (RMS) jaw muscle EMG activity across blocks. Statistical significance accepted at P < 0.05. RESULTS VAS scores were significantly (P < 0.001) higher during hypertonic than isotonic saline infusion blocks. There was no significant effect of pain on the force rates, or force levels or the RMS EMG activity of each masseter and anterior temporalis muscle. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that experimentally induced right masseter muscle pain does not modify force or surface jaw muscle EMG activity during isometric biting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbel Sandoval
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Polyana Moura Ferreira
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Fabian Obregon
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Terry Whittle
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Greg M Murray
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
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42
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Deng H, Gao S, Lu S, Kumar A, Zhang Z, Svensson P. Alteration of occlusal vertical dimension induces signs of neuroplastic changes in corticomotor control of masseter muscles: Preliminary findings. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:710-719. [PMID: 29920731 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of altering occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in patients with severe attrition on corticomotor control of the masseter muscles as assessed by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). METHODS Seven patients (58.6 ± 8.4 years) with decreased OVD due to severe attrition were given mandibular occlusal splints to alter the OVD with the instruction to wear during the whole awake time for a period of four weeks. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and the motor cortex maps of the masseter muscles and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles as control were recorded by nTMS at baseline and at least 4 weeks after the alteration of OVD. The stimulus-response curves of MEPs were analysed with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and the numerical rating scale scores, motor thresholds, onset latencies, motor cortex maps and centre of gravity (COG) were analysed with paired t tests. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the amplitude of the masseter muscle MEPs (P = 0.036), but no change in the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.111) four weeks after the alteration of OVD. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in either the amplitude of the FDI muscle MEPs (P = 0.466) or the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.230) before and after OVD alteration. CONCLUSION The results suggest that alteration of OVD in patients with severe attrition was associated with signs of neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscles. The results of the study may add to our understanding of the putative mechanisms related to cortical changes in response to OVD alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Deng
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyi Lu
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Svensson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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43
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Lin CS. Meta-analysis of brain mechanisms of chewing and clenching movements. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:627-639. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C-S. Lin
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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44
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Effect of short-term training on fine motor control in trigeminally innervated versus spinally innervated muscles. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:132-139. [PMID: 29426038 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Yao D, Sessle BJ. Face sensorimotor cortex undergoes neuroplastic changes in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Exp Brain Res 2018. [PMID: 29520443 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal nerve injury can result in neuropathic pain behavior and alterations in motor function, but it is unclear if such injury produces neuroplastic alterations in face sensorimotor cortex that could contribute to the alterations in motor function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if trigeminal nerve injury in a rat neuropathic pain model induces neuroplastic changes in jaw and tongue motor representations in face sensorimotor cortex in association with facial nociceptive behavior. Right infraorbital nerve transection was performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats; sham-operated rats served as controls. Nociceptive behavior was assessed by testing facial mechanical sensitivity pre-operatively and post-operatively (1-28 days). Intracortical microstimulation was also applied post-operatively in a series of microelectrode penetrations to map jaw and tongue motor representations in the face sensorimotor cortex by analyzing anterior digastric and genioglossus electromyographic activities evoked by microstimulation at histologically verified sites in face primary somatosensory cortex (face-SI) as well as face primary motor cortex (face-MI). Compared to sham, infraorbital nerve injury induced a significant (2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.001) bilateral decrease in facial mechanical threshold that lasted up to 28 days post-operatively. Nerve injury also induced a significant bilateral decrease compared to sham (P < 0.05) in the number of anterior digastric and/or genioglossus sites in face-MI and in face-SI. These findings indicate that trigeminal nerve injury induces neuroplastic alterations in jaw and tongue motor representations in face sensorimotor cortex that are associated with facial nociceptive behavior and that may contribute to sensorimotor changes following trigeminal nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Barry J Sessle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
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46
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Long X, Little G, Beaulieu C, Lebel C. Sensorimotor network alterations in children and youth with prenatal alcohol exposure. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2258-2268. [PMID: 29436054 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) often have impaired sensorimotor function. While altered brain structure has been noted in sensorimotor areas, the functional brain alterations remain unclear. This study aims to investigate sensorimotor brain networks in children and youth with PAE using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A parcellation-based network analysis was performed to identify brain networks related to hand/lower limb and face/upper limb function in 59 children and youth with PAE and 50 typically developing controls. Participants with PAE and controls had similar organization of the hand and face areas within the primary sensorimotor cortex, but participants with PAE had altered functional connectivity (FC) between the sensorimotor regions and the rest of the brain. The sensorimotor regions in the PAE group showed less connectivity to certain hubs of the default mode network and more connectivity to areas of the salience network. Overall, our results show that despite similar patterns of organization in the sensorimotor network, subjects with PAE have increased FC between this network and other brain areas, perhaps suggesting overcompensation. These alterations in the sensorimotor network lay the foundation for future studies to evaluate interventions and treatments to improve motor function in children with PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Department of Radiology, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham Little
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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47
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Kumar A, Kothari M, Grigoriadis A, Trulsson M, Svensson P. Bite or brain: Implication of sensorimotor regulation and neuroplasticity in oral rehabilitation procedures. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:323-333. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - A. Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - P. Svensson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Institute for Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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48
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Avivi-Arber L, Sessle BJ. Jaw sensorimotor control in healthy adults and effects of ageing. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 45:50-80. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Avivi-Arber
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - B. J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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49
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Moritz J, Turk P, Williams JD, Stone-Roy LM. Perceived Intensity and Discrimination Ability for Lingual Electrotactile Stimulation Depends on Location and Orientation of Electrodes. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:186. [PMID: 28484380 PMCID: PMC5399529 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malfunctioning sensory systems can severely impact quality of life and repair is not always possible. One solution, called sensory substitution, is to use another sensory system to bring lost information to the brain. This approach often involves the use of bioengineered devices that electrically stimulate somatosensory fibers. Interestingly, the tongue is an ideal location for electrotactile stimulation due to its dense innervation, moisture, and protected environment. Success with transmitting visual and vestibular information through the tongue indicates promise for future applications. However, sensitivity and discrimination ability varies between individuals and across the tongue surface complicating efforts to produce reliable and consistent sensations. The goals of the present study were to investigate these differences more precisely to better understand the mechanosensory innervation of the tongue so that future electrotactile devices can be designed more effectively. Specifically, we tested whether stimulation of certain regions of the tongue consistently result in better perception, whether the spacing of stimulating electrodes affects perceived intensity, and whether the orientation of electrodes affects perceived intensity and discrimination. To test these hypotheses, we built a custom tongue stimulation device, recruited 25 participants, and collected perceived intensity and discrimination data. We then subjected the data to thorough statistical analyses. Consistent with previous studies, we found that stimulation of the anterior medial tongue region was perceived as more intense than stimulation of lateral and posterior regions. This region also had the best discrimination ability for electrodes. Dividing the stimulated tongue area into 16 distinct regions allowed us to compare perception ability between anterior and posterior regions, medial and lateral regions, and the left and right sides of the tongue. Stimulation of the most anterior and medial tongue resulted in the highest perceived intensity and the best discrimination ability. Most individuals were able to perceive and discriminate electrotactile stimulation better on one side of the tongue, and orientation of stimulating electrodes affected perception. In conclusion, the present studies reveal new information about the somatosensory innervation of the tongue and will assist the design of future electrotactile tongue stimulation devices that will help provide sensory information to people with damaged sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Moritz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Philip Turk
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John D Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Leslie M Stone-Roy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
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50
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Lin CS, Wu CY, Wu SY, Lin HH, Cheng DH, Lo WL. Age-Related Difference in Functional Brain Connectivity of Mastication. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:82. [PMID: 28420981 PMCID: PMC5376560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in motor function is associated with changes in intrinsic brain signatures. Here, we investigated the functional connectivity (FC) associated with masticatory performance, a clinical index evaluating general masticatory function. Twenty-six older adults (OA) and 26 younger (YA) healthy adults were recruited and assessed using the masticatory performance index (MPI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We analyzed the rs-fMRI FC network related to mastication, which was constructed based on 12 bilateral mastication-related brain regions according to the literature. For the OA and the YA group, we identified the mastication-related hubs, i.e., the nodes for which the degree centrality (DC) was positively correlated with the MPI. For each pair of nodes, we identified the inter-nodal link for which the FC was positively correlated with the MPI. The network analysis revealed that, in the YA group, the FC between the sensorimotor cortex, the thalamus (THA) and the cerebellum was positively correlated with the MPI. Consistently, the cerebellum nodes were defined as the mastication-related hubs. In contrast, in the OA group, we found a sparser connection within the sensorimotor regions and cerebellum and a denser connection across distributed regions, including the FC between the superior parietal lobe (SPL), the anterior insula (aINS) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Compared to the YA group, the network of the OA group also comprised more mastication-related hubs, which were spatially distributed outside the sensorimotor regions, including the right SPL, the right aINS, and the bilateral dACC. In general, the findings supported the hypothesis that in OA, higher masticatory performance is associated with a widespread pattern of mastication-related hubs. Such a widespread engagement of multiple brain regions associated with the MPI may reflect an increased demand in sensorimotor integration, attentional control and monitoring for OA to maintain good mastication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hui Cheng
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Lo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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