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Zhao J, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, Gao ZR, Ouyang ZY, Ye Q, Liu Q, Chen Y, Tan L, Zhang SH, Feng Y, Hu J, Dusenge MA, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical models of jaw-bone defects for bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 36927449 PMCID: PMC10022059 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jaw-bone defects caused by various diseases lead to aesthetic and functional complications, which can seriously affect the life quality of patients. Current treatments cannot fully meet the needs of reconstruction of jaw-bone defects. Thus, the research and application of bone tissue engineering are a "hot topic." As seed cells for engineering of jaw-bone tissue, oral cavity-derived stem cells have been explored and used widely. Models of jaw-bone defect are excellent tools for the study of bone defect repair in vivo. Different types of bone defect repair require different stem cells and bone defect models. This review aimed to better understand the research status of oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration. MAIN TEXT Data were gathered from PubMed searches and references from relevant studies using the search phrases "bone" AND ("PDLSC" OR "DPSC" OR "SCAP" OR "GMSC" OR "SHED" OR "DFSC" OR "ABMSC" OR "TGPC"); ("jaw" OR "alveolar") AND "bone defect." We screened studies that focus on "bone formation of oral cavity-derived stem cells" and "jaw bone defect models," and reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical model of jaw-bone defect models. CONCLUSION The type of cell and animal model should be selected according to the specific research purpose and disease type. This review can provide a foundation for the selection of oral cavity-derived stem cells and defect models in tissue engineering of the jaw bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ouyang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Dobrzyński M, Nikodem A, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Janeczek M, Styczyńska M, Kuropka P. Assessment of Selected Morphological, Physical and Chemical Parameters of the Teeth of the Offspring of Female Rats Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD), Taking into Account the Protective Role of Selected Antioxidants-Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:484. [PMID: 35203192 PMCID: PMC8868449 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The studies conducted so far indicate a negative effect of dioxins on the structure of the alveolar bone and teeth, especially in the developmental period in rats. The research aimed to analyze the indirect effect of dioxins contained in the body of female rats on the structure of the dental organ in their offspring in the neonatal period and to determine the possibility of reducing potential dioxin disorders of the structure of hard tissues in the offspring of intoxicated mothers by simultaneous administration of vitamin E or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Another goal of the research was to determine the level of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus contained in bone tissue as indicators of the mineralization process of hard tissues in rats, in the case of using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and acetylsalicylic acid or α-tocopherol. The experiment was carried out on eight female rats of the Buffalo strain divided into four groups. From the offspring of eight females, the mandibles were removed from the mandibular joints, and then, after the removal of soft tissues, they were prepared for individual tests. Selected morphological, chemical and physical parameters of the teeth of the offspring of female rats from the experimental groups were analyzed. The analysis showed the effect of vitamin E and ASA on the content of Mg, Ca and P. In combination with TCDD, vitamin E and ASA, they positively inhibit the inflammatory process, preventing the leaching of Ca and Mg from the bones. ASA counteracted this phenomenon much more effectively than vitamin E. Detailed analysis of the tooth morphology showed that the molars' crowns exhibit shape disturbances under the influence of TCDD. Individual nodules in teeth T1, T2, T3 did not fuse, and the roots showed signs of hypertrophy. The study confirmed the negative effect of TCDD on tooth development. Teeth arising early in development are the most sensitive to the disorders, while the later ones are less exposed to the toxic effects of TCDD transmitted by the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.-N.); (M.J.)
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.-N.); (M.J.)
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.-N.); (M.J.)
| | - Marzena Styczyńska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-635 Wroclaw, Poland;
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3
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From Child to Adulthood, a Multidisciplinary Approach of Multiple Microdontia Associated with Hypodontia: Case Report Relating a 15 Year-Long Management and Follow-Up. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091180. [PMID: 34574954 PMCID: PMC8464950 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral rehabilitation of patients presenting multiple microdontia is a real therapeutic challenge. These alterations in size, often associated with other dental anomalies, have aesthetic and functional repercussions for patients and can lead to significant psycho-social consequences. We report here the case of an 11-year-old patient with bilateral sectorial microdontia and agenesis of teeth numbers 13 and 23. She also presented staturo-ponderal delay and a history of acute coronary syndrome with a lower coronary occlusion of unknown aetiology. At first, additive coronoplasties and an orthodontically retained interim prosthesis answered the aesthetic and functional need during childhood and adolescence. Once she reached adulthood, a multidisciplinary meeting was conducted and a treatment plan was established. The decision was made to rehabilitate the upper arch with a permanent bridge and the lower arch with indirect adhesive restorations. This solution solved the problem of the bilateral lateral infraocclusions and tooth agenesis, restoring both aesthetics and function. This paper presents 15 years of management and treatment of a patient presenting multiple microdontia associated with hypodontia. Both the multidisciplinary approach and coordination between the different medical team members was essential to maintain the existing dentition while preparing, planning, and carrying out a personalized treatment plan once maxillofacial growth was complete.
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Abramyan J, Geetha-Loganathan P, Šulcová M, Buchtová M. Role of Cell Death in Cellular Processes During Odontogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671475. [PMID: 34222243 PMCID: PMC8250436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | | | - Marie Šulcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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5
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Bianchi S, Bernardi S, Belli M, Varvara G, Macchiarelli G. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants during tooth formation: molecular mechanisms and clinical findings. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:303-310. [PMID: 32304316 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitute a relevant part of environmental pollution. POPs are chemical compounds that persist for a long time in the environment, bio-accumulate in the human body and determine significant adverse consequences to human health. The characteristics of these substances are lipo-affinity, semi-volatility and resistance to the degradation processes. Results deriving from several different studies attest that exposure to the main classes of POPs results in multiple toxic effects on humans and experimental animal models. Among the various alterations caused by exposition to and bio-accumulation of POPs, there are abnormalities in tooth formation and related hard dental tissue structure, especially enamel. This review aimed to describe the close association between the exposure of these compounds during the development of the tooth germ and the occurrence of tooth structural anomalies. Indeed, structural defects of the enamel have as possible consequences higher susceptibility of the tooth to caries disease and higher fragility of the crown to the occlusal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bianchi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sara Bernardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Microscopy Centre, Universiyt of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuel Belli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Varvara
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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6
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Kierdorf U, Olsen MT, Kahle P, Ludolphy C, Kierdorf H. Dental pulp exposure, periapical inflammation and suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws in juvenile Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus) from the late 19th century. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215401. [PMID: 30978237 PMCID: PMC6461278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic analysis of museum collections can provide important insights into the dental and skeletal pathology of wild mammals. Here we present a previously unreported type of dental defect and related skull pathology in five juvenile Baltic grey seals that had been collected in the course of a seal culling program along the Danish coast in 1889 and 1890. All five skulls exhibited openings into the pulp cavities at the crown tips of all (four animals) or two (one animal) canines as well as several incisors and (in one animal) also some anterior premolars. The affected teeth showed wide pulp cavities and thin dentin. Pulp exposure had caused infection, inflammation, and finally necrosis of the pulp. As was evidenced by the extensive radiolucency around the roots of the affected teeth, the inflammation had extended from the pulp into the periapical space, leading to apical periodontitis with extensive bone resorption. Further spreading of the inflammation into the surrounding bone regions had then caused suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws. The postcanine teeth of the pathological individuals typically had dentin of normal thickness and, except for one specimen, did not exhibit pulp exposure. The condition may have been caused by a late onset of secondary and tertiary dentin formation that led to pulp exposure in anterior teeth exposed to intense wear. Future investigations could address a possible genetic causation of the condition in the studied grey seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Morten T. Olsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia Kahle
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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7
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Gao L, Xu J, Li X, Wang T, Wu W, Cao J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and TGFβ3-Mediated Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325818786822. [PMID: 30853873 PMCID: PMC6399763 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818786822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic effector for cleft palate. Transforming growth factor 3 (TGF-β3) is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of TCDD and TGF-β3 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The effects of 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, or a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 on MEPM cells were revealed by cell and biological methods. With the increase in TCDD (0.5-10 nM), the expression of TGF-β3 increased, but at TCDD concentrations greater than 10 nM, the expression of TGF-β3 reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in the 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in the 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group, and the viabilities were intermediate in the group treated with a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3. This phenomenon was the same as that of the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3,and Smad7 were increased by TCDD, TGF-β3, combination of TCDD and TGF-β3, but the expression of Smad4 were decreased by TCDD, TGF-β3, combination of TCDD and TGF-β3. These data revealed that TCDD and TGF-β3 interacted and affected MEPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liyun G, Xu J, Li X, Wang T, Wu W, Cao J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and TGF-β3 Mediated-Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818810637. [PMID: 30479586 PMCID: PMC6247497 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818810637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic agent for cleft palate. But transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. This study is to clarify effects of TCDD and TGF-β3 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The result showed that with increase of TCDD (0.5 nM-10 nM), the expression of TGF-β3 increased, but after 10 nM TCDD, the expression of TGF-β3 reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group, or the viabilities were between that of them in combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group. This phenomenon was the same as the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Smad7 was increased by 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, or combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 induced, but the expression of Smad4 was decreased. These data revealed that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway affected TCDD and TGF-β3 in MEPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Liyun
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Medical Inspection Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Cao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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9
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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10
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Yun C, Katchko KM, Schallmo MS, Jeong S, Yun J, Chen CH, Weiner JA, Park C, George A, Stupp SI, Hsu WK, Hsu EL. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonists Mitigate the Effects of Dioxin on Critical Cellular Functions in Differentiating Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010225. [PMID: 29324662 PMCID: PMC5796174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of bone healing in humans is a well-established effect associated with cigarette smoking, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent work using animal cell lines have implicated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a mediator of the anti-osteogenic effects of cigarette smoke, but the complexity of cigarette smoke mixtures makes understanding the mechanisms of action a major challenge. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) is a high-affinity AhR ligand that is frequently used to investigate biological processes impacted by AhR activation. Since there are dozens of AhR ligands present in cigarette smoke, we utilized dioxin as a prototype ligand to activate the receptor and explore its effects on pro-osteogenic biomarkers and other factors critical to osteogenesis using a human osteoblast-like cell line. We also explored the capacity for AhR antagonists to protect against dioxin action in this context. We found dioxin to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, whereas co-treatment with various AhR antagonists protected against dioxin action. Dioxin also negatively impacted cell adhesion with a corresponding reduction in the expression of integrin and cadherin proteins, which are known to be involved in this process. Similarly, the dioxin-mediated inhibition of cell migration correlated with reduced expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, CXCL12, and co-treatment with antagonists restored migratory capacity. Our results suggest that AhR activation may play a role in the bone regenerative response in humans exposed to AhR activators, such as those present in cigarette smoke. Given the similarity of our results using a human cell line to previous work done in murine cells, animal models may yield data relevant to the human setting. In addition, the AhR may represent a potential therapeutic target for orthopedic patients who smoke cigarettes, or those who are exposed to secondhand smoke or other environmental sources of aryl hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Karina M Katchko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Michael S Schallmo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Jonghwa Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Charlotte H Chen
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Joseph A Weiner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Christian Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Andrew George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Erin L Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Yun C, Weiner JA, Chun DS, Yun J, Cook RW, Schallmo MS, Kannan AS, Mitchell SM, Freshman RD, Park C, Hsu WK, Hsu EL. Mechanistic insight into the effects of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor activation on osteogenic differentiation. Bone Rep 2017; 6:51-59. [PMID: 28377982 PMCID: PMC5365310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While inhibition of bone healing and increased rates of pseudarthrosis are known adverse outcomes associated with cigarette smoking, the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. Recent work has implicated the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr) as one mediator of the anti-osteogenic effects of cigarette smoke (CS), which contains numerous toxic ligands for the Ahr. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) is a high-affinity Ahr ligand frequently used to evaluate Ahr pathway activation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the downstream mechanisms of dioxin action on bone regeneration and investigate Ahr antagonism as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the effects of dioxin on bone. Markers of osteogenic activity and differentiation were assessed in primary rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) after exposure to dioxin, Ahr antagonists, or antagonist + dioxin. Four Ahr antagonists were evaluated: α-Naphthoflavone (ANF), resveratrol (Res), 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), and luteolin (Lut). Our results demonstrate that dioxin inhibited ALP activity, migratory capacity, and matrix mineralization, whereas co-treatment with each of the antagonists mitigated these effects. Dioxin also inhibited BMSC chemotaxis, while co-treatment with several antagonists partially rescued this effect. RNA and protein expression studies found that dioxin down-regulated numerous pro-osteogenic targets, whereas co-treatment with Ahr antagonists prevented these dioxin-induced expression changes to varying degrees. Our results suggest that dioxin adversely affects bone regeneration in a myriad of ways, many of which appear to be mediated by the Ahr. Our work suggests that the Ahr should be investigated as a therapeutic target to combat the adverse effects of CS on bone healing. Dioxin, a potent Ahr ligand, inhibits osteogenic differentiation of BMSC. “Nutraceutical” Ahr antagonists found in red wine and broccoli protected against dioxin action. Targets of dioxin action included Collagens, MMPs, Phex, CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. The Ahr may in part mediate the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on osteogenic differentiation and bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph A Weiner
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danielle S Chun
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonghwa Yun
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph W Cook
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael S Schallmo
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhishek S Kannan
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean M Mitchell
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Freshman
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin L Hsu
- Northwestern University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Park JH, Choi AJ, Kim SJ, Cheong SW, Jeong SY. AhR activation by 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibit the development of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:44-53. [PMID: 26950395 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in immune homeostasis in the intestine. AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in diverse physiological processes. The intestines are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous AhR ligands. Thus, AhR may regulate the intestinal homeostasis, directly acting on the development of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). In this study, we demonstrated that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibited the in vitro development of mouse intestinal organoids. The number of Paneth cells in the small intestine and the depth of crypts of the small and large intestines were reduced in mice administrated with FICZ. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric assays revealed that AhR was highly expressed in Lgr5(+) stem cells. FICZ inhibited Wnt signaling lowering the level of β-catenin protein. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that FICZ increased expression of Lgr5, Math1, BMP4, and Indian Hedgehog while inhibiting that of Lgr4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hung Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea.
| | - Ah-Jeong Choi
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - Soo-Ji Kim
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Cheong
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
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