Interferon gamma and interleukin 8 gene polymorphisms in patients with hepatitis C virus related oral lichen planus

Association of interleukin-8 polymorphism (+ 781 C/T) with the risk of oral Lichen Planus disease

BACKGROUND

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease. The pathogenesis of OLP is unknown. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) that occurs in the regulatory position + 781 could affect the expression of interleukin-8. This polymorphism is probably associated with increased serum levels of IL-8. The current study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-8( + 781 C/T) in OLP patients and whether it is associated with the severity of OLP disease in an Iranian population.

METHODS

Three milliliters of saliva were taken from 100 patients with OLP and 100 healthy individuals who were matched in age and gender. After DNA extraction from saliva samples of patients and healthy individuals, the genotype of IL-8 at position + 781 is detected using the PCR-RFLP method. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTS

Frequency of C/C, T/C, and T/T genotypes at position IL-8 + 781 gene in the patient group were 47%, 41%, and 12%, respectively, and in the control group, were 37%, 42%, and 21%. The difference between the two groups regarding allele frequency distribution was statistically significant (χ² = 3.86, p = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.44-1, OR = 0.66). Our results indicated the significantly higher frequency of the TT genotype in the erosive OLP compared to the nonerosive group (p = 0.03, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.49-1.6).

CONCLUSION

This study depicted the difference in the frequency of SNP IL-8 + 781 C/T allele in the patient and control groups had a significant association with the risk of OLP. In addition, our data revealed that IL-8 + 781 C/T polymorphisms might be associated with the severity of OLP in the Iranian population.

Exploring Cytokines as Potential Target in Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Update

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a widespread condition that affects millions of people each year, with an incidence rate of 0.1%-1.5%, and has a significant impact on human health. A range of stimuli, such as Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyperacidity, stress, alcohol, smoking, and idiopathic disease states, can produce a sore in the gastrointestinal mucosal layer. For individuals infected with H. pylori, 2%-3% remain asymptomatic throughout their life. Although PUD treatments are available, genetic variations occurring in individuals because of geographical dissimilarity and antibiotic resistance pose limitations. Specifically, inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms have received immense attention in recent years because they appear to affect the severity and duration of stomach inflammation, which is induced by H. pylori infection, contributing to the initiation of PUD. In such a context, in-depth knowledge of interleukins may aid in the discovery of new targets and provide precautionary approaches for the treatment of PUD. This review aims to give insights into the importance of several interleukins that cognate with PUD and contribute to ulcer progression or healing by activating or dampening the host immunity. Furthermore, the available targets with clinical evidence have been explored in this review.

Association of polymorphisms in Th1/Th2-related cytokines (IFN-γ, TGFβ1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-18) with oral lichen planus: A pooled analysis of case–control studies

Background/purpose

Increasing evidence suggests that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Th1/Th2-related cytokine genes correlated with oral lichen planus (OLP) susceptibility. However, these results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Hence, the aim of this study is to draw a more precise estimation of the genetic associations between SNPs in 6 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-18, TGFβ1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4) and OLP.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all eligible case-control studies on the association between SNPs in 6 cytokines and OLP susceptibility. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study were pooled to estimate the strength of the association.

Results

A significant association of IFN-γ (874A/T) polymorphism with OLP was found (OR, 1.49; 95%CI, 1.22-1.81; P < 0.001) based on 6 eligible studies. A significant association of IL-18 (137G/C) polymorphism with OLP was found (OR, 1.64; 95%CI, 1.24-2.18; P < 0.001) based on 3 studies. A marginally significant association of TGFβ1 (509C/T) polymorphism in allele model with OLP was found (OR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.01-1.71; P = 0.05) based on 4 studies. Nevertheless, lack of significant association of IL-1β (3954C/T), IL-2 (330T/G), IL-4 (590C/T), and IL-18 (607C/A) polymorphisms with OLP was found (P > 0.05) based on 3 studies, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the associations of 6 cytokines polymorphisms with OLP, suggesting that SNPs in IFN-γ, IL-18, and TGFβ1 may act as genetic factors for OLP risk. Further well-designed studies with larger sample size and multiple ethnicities are needed to validate these associations.

A review on interleukins (IL10 and IL17) as biomarkers for hepatitis C-associated oral lichen planus

Background

Hepatitis C virus is a viral infection associated with autoimmune disorders. This virus has hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. One of the extrahepatic manifestations associated with the hepatitis C virus includes oral lichen planus. Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder mainly affecting the tongue and buccal mucosa. It clinically represents grayish-white striae bilaterally on the buccal mucosa. The pathogenesis involves the progression of the hepatitis C virus, and oral lichen planus affects T lymphocytes. Specific proteins and cytokines activate these T lymphocytes, which act as biomarkers to detect certain diseases. Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, whereas interleukin 17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. These cytokines have a pathophysiological role and act as biomarkers for many diseases. Therefore, this review article aims to establish the role of interleukin 10 and interleukin 17 as biomarkers for hepatitis C-associated oral lichen planus.

Conclusion

Hepatitis C virus is an infectious disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, and oral lichen planus is a premalignant lesion that can lead to oral carcinoma. As interleukin 10 lessens the immune pathologies and interleukin 17 mediates proinflammatory response, therefore, these biomarkers have a role in progression of these diseases.

Are oral lichen planus patients at high risk of hepatitis C? A case-control study

OBJECTIVE

To assess the correlation between oral lichen planus (OLP) and viral hepatitis C (HCV).

METHODS

This retrospective case-control study included a sample of OLP patients in a 3-year interval. The predictor variable was the presence of OLP (yes/no). The outcome variable was the diagnosis of HCV. Other study variables were grouped into demographic, anatomic, and clinical. Descriptive, bi- and multivariate statistics were computed with a significant level at P ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS

The sample was composed of 237 OLP patients (38.8% females) with a mean age of 59.9 ± 17.8 years (range, 17-96), and 948 age- and gender-matched control individuals. The significant higher frequency of HCV was identified in OLP patients (frequency: 19.8% vs. 2.1%; adjusted matched odds ratio [mOR_adj], 9.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.98 to 15.91; P < 0.0001; Pearson's Phi coefficient [r_phi], 0.307). In the adjusted model, OLP with HCV was associated with 1) oro-cutaneous manifestations (mOR_adj, 17.58; 95% CI, 1.92 to 161.26; P = 0.0059; Bayesian posterior probability of positive test [W_p], 96%), 2) any intraoral forms other than reticular/plaque-liked forms (mOR_adj, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.18; P < 0.0001; W_p, 52%), and 3) poor response to topical corticosteroids (mOR_adj, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.16; P < 0.0001; W_p, 88%).

CONCLUSIONS

OLP, especially oro-cutaneous disease or steroid-refractory OLP, are associated with an increased frequency of HCV. Not only HCV screening in OLP patients, but oral examination in HCV patients, are both recommended as primary preventive measures.

Oral Lichen Planus Associated With Lichen Planus Pigmentosus and Lichen Sclerosus in Monozygotic Twins

ABSTRACT

Lichen planus (LP) is a mucocutaneous immune-mediated disease of unknown etiology. It is more prevalent in women and usually occurs between the third and sixth decades of life. Oral lesions may or may not be associated with skin and genital lesions. Although the role of genetic factors is still undetermined, reports of LP in more than one family member are not uncommon. However, the occurrence of LP in monozygotic twins is rare. We report a rare case of 42-year-old female monozygotic twins presenting oral LP. This report is even rarer because one of the patients had cutaneous lesions of an unusual variant of LP (LP pigmentosus) and the other had an uncommon association with lichen sclerosus. The etiology and pathogenesis of LP are still uncertain. However, despite being rare, its occurrence in family members and monozygotic twins suggests that genetic factors are involved in its development.

Study on the Role of Salivary Flora and NF-κB Inflammatory Signal Pathway in Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory disease. It is believed that infection and immune dysfunction play a key role in its pathogenesis, but the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. The 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze the microbial flora structure in the saliva of OLP patients and healthy controls. The relative abundance of Derxia, Haemophilus, and Pseudomonas in the saliva of the OLP group was lower than that of the healthy control group, but there was no significant difference in the overall structure of the microbial population. In addition, we measured the protein expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappab p65 (NF-κB p65) in the tissues of OLP patients, and found that there was a significant increase and positive correlation between them (r = 0.907, P = 0.034). The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the OLP group were consistent with those of NF-κB p65. Therefore, we believe that changes in the composition ratio of microbialflora break the original balance state of flora, promote the occurrence of immune inflammatory reaction, and then lead to the generation or aggravation of OLP disease. This discovery provides new ideas for further research on OLP initiation and immune regulation mechanism.