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Yu Z, Xu H, Feng M, Chen L. Machine learning application identifies plasma markers for proteinuria in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with Bevacizumab. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:587-593. [PMID: 38402561 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Proteinuria is a common complication after the application of bevacizumab therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and severe proteinuria can lead to discontinuation of the drug. There is a lack of sophisticated means to predict bevacizumab-induced proteinuria, so the present study aims to predict bevacizumab-induced proteinuria using peripheral venous blood samples. METHODS A total of 122 subjects were enrolled and underwent pre-treatment plasma markers, and we followed them for six months with proteinuria as the endpoint event. We then analyzed the clinical features and plasma markers for grade ≥ 2 proteinuria occurrence using machine learning to construct a model with predictive utility. RESULTS One hundred sixteen subjects were included in the statistical analysis. We found that high baseline systolic blood pressure, low baseline HGF, high baseline ET1, high baseline MMP2, and high baseline ACE1 were risk factors for the development of grade ≥ 2 proteinuria in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received bevacizumab. Then, we constructed a support vector machine model with a sensitivity of 0.889, a specificity of 0.918, a precision of 0.615, and an F1 score of 0.727. CONCLUSION We constructed a machine learning model for predicting grade ≥ 2 bevacizumab-induced proteinuria, which may provide proteinuria risk assessment for applying bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haifan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Netto AN, Abraham L, Philip S. HBNET: A blended ensemble model for the detection of cardiovascular anomalies using phonocardiogram. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1925-1945. [PMID: 38393859 DOI: 10.3233/thc-231290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac diseases are highly detrimental illnesses, responsible for approximately 32% of global mortality [1]. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce deaths caused by cardiac diseases. In paediatric patients, it is challenging for paediatricians to identify functional murmurs and pathological murmurs from heart sounds. OBJECTIVE The study intends to develop a novel blended ensemble model using hybrid deep learning models and softmax regression to classify adult, and paediatric heart sounds into five distinct classes, distinguishing itself as a groundbreaking work in this domain. Furthermore, the research aims to create a comprehensive 5-class paediatric phonocardiogram (PCG) dataset. The dataset includes two critical pathological classes, namely atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects, along with functional murmurs, pathological and normal heart sounds. METHODS The work proposes a blended ensemble model (HbNet-Heartbeat Network) comprising two hybrid models, CNN-BiLSTM and CNN-LSTM, as base models and Softmax regression as meta-learner. HbNet leverages the strengths of base models and improves the overall PCG classification accuracy. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) capture the crucial audio signal characteristics relevant to the classification. The amalgamation of these two deep learning structures enhances the precision and reliability of PCG classification, leading to improved diagnostic results. RESULTS The HbNet model exhibited excellent results with an average accuracy of 99.72% and sensitivity of 99.3% on an adult dataset, surpassing all the existing state-of-the-art works. The researchers have validated the reliability of the HbNet model by testing it on a real-time paediatric dataset. The paediatric model's accuracy is 86.5%. HbNet detected functional murmur with 100% precision. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the HbNet model exhibits a high level of efficacy in the early detection of cardiac disorders. Results also imply that HbNet has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the development of decision-support systems that aid medical practitioners in confirming their diagnoses. This method makes it easier for medical professionals to diagnose and initiate prompt treatment while performing preliminary auscultation and reduces unnecessary echocardiograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Nita Netto
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, LBS Institute of Technology for Women, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Trivandrum, India
| | - Lizy Abraham
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, LBS Institute of Technology for Women, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Trivandrum, India
| | - Saji Philip
- Department of Cardiology, Thiruvalla Medical Mission Hospital, Thiruvalla, India
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Azam FB, Ansari MI, Nuhash SISK, McLane I, Hasan T. Cardiac anomaly detection considering an additive noise and convolutional distortion model of heart sound recordings. Artif Intell Med 2022; 133:102417. [PMID: 36328670 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac auscultation is an essential point-of-care method used for the early diagnosis of heart diseases. Automatic analysis of heart sounds for abnormality detection is faced with the challenges of additive noise and sensor-dependent degradation. This paper aims to develop methods to address the cardiac abnormality detection problem when both of these components are present in the cardiac auscultation sound. We first mathematically analyze the effect of additive noise and convolutional distortion on short-term mel-filterbank energy-based features and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layer. Based on the analysis, we propose a combination of linear and logarithmic spectrogram-image features. These 2D features are provided as input to a residual CNN network (ResNet) for heart sound abnormality detection. Experimental validation is performed first on an open-access, multiclass heart sound dataset where we analyzed the effect of additive noise by mixing lung sound noise with the recordings. In noisy conditions, the proposed method outperforms one of the best-performing methods in the literature achieving an Macc (mean of sensitivity and specificity) of 89.55% and an average F-1 score of 82.96%, respectively, when averaged over all noise levels. Next, we perform heart sound abnormality detection (binary classification) experiments on the 2016 Physionet/CinC Challenge dataset that involves noisy recordings obtained from multiple stethoscope sensors. The proposed method achieves significantly improved results compared to the conventional approaches on this dataset, in the presence of both additive noise and channel distortion, with an area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve (AUC) of 91.36%, F-1 score of 84.09%, and Macc of 85.08%. We also show that the proposed method shows the best mean accuracy across different source domains, including stethoscope and noise variability, demonstrating its effectiveness in different recording conditions. The proposed combination of linear and logarithmic features along with the ResNet classifier effectively minimizes the impact of background noise and sensor variability for classifying phonocardiogram (PCG) signals. The method thus paves the way toward developing computer-aided cardiac auscultation systems in noisy environments using low-cost stethoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Binte Azam
- mHealth Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Istiaq Ansari
- mHealth Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shoyad Ibn Sabur Khan Nuhash
- mHealth Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ian McLane
- Sonavi Labs Inc., Baltimore, 21230, MD, USA
| | - Taufiq Hasan
- mHealth Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
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Zheng Y, Guo X, Wang Y, Qin J, Lv F. A multi-scale and multi-domain heart sound feature-based machine learning model for ACC/AHA heart failure stage classification. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35512699 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac6d40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart sounds can reflect detrimental changes in cardiac mechanical activity that are common pathological characteristics of chronic heart failure (CHF). The ACC/AHA heart failure (HF) stage classification is essential for clinical decision-making and the management of CHF. Herein, a machine learning model that makes use of multi-scale and multi-domain heart sound features was proposed to provide an objective aid for ACC/AHA HF stage classification. APPROACH A dataset containing phonocardiogram (PCG) signals from 275 subjects was obtained from two medical institutions and used in this study. Complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition and tunable-Q wavelet transform were used to construct self-adaptive sub-sequences and multi-level sub-band signals for PCG signals. Time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear feature extraction were then applied to the original PCG signal, heart sound sub-sequences and sub-band signals to construct multi-scale and multi-domain heart sound features. The features selected via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were fed into a machine learning classifier for ACC/AHA HF stage classification. Finally, mainstream machine learning classifiers, including least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), deep belief network (DBN) and random forest (RF), were compared to determine the optimal model. MAIN RESULTS The results showed that the LS-SVM, which utilized a combination of multi-scale and multi-domain features, achieved better classification performance than the DBN and RF using multi-scale or multi-domain features alone or together, with average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.821, 0.955 and 0.820 on the testing set, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE PCG signal analysis provides efficient measurement information regarding CHF severity and is a promising noninvasive method for ACC/AHA HF stage classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yineng Zheng
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P.R.China, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, CHINA
| | - Xingming Guo
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, Chongqing, 400044, CHINA
| | - Yingying Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P.R.China, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, CHINA
| | - Jian Qin
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P.R.China, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, CHINA
| | - Fajin Lv
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P.R.China, Chongqing, 400016, CHINA
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Automatic detection of heart valve disorders using Teager–Kaiser energy operator, rational-dilation wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks with PCG signals. Artif Intell Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-022-10184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Singh V, Asari VK, Rajasekaran R. A Deep Neural Network for Early Detection and Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:116. [PMID: 35054287 PMCID: PMC8774382 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and high blood pressure are the primary causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and kidney damage markers are used by researchers around the world to identify CKD as a condition that leads to reduced renal function over time. A person with CKD has a higher chance of dying young. Doctors face a difficult task in diagnosing the different diseases linked to CKD at an early stage in order to prevent the disease. This research presents a novel deep learning model for the early detection and prediction of CKD. This research objectives to create a deep neural network and compare its performance to that of other contemporary machine learning techniques. In tests, the average of the associated features was used to replace all missing values in the database. After that, the neural network's optimum parameters were fixed by establishing the parameters and running multiple trials. The foremost important features were selected by Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Hemoglobin, Specific Gravity, Serum Creatinine, Red Blood Cell Count, Albumin, Packed Cell Volume, and Hypertension were found as key features in the RFE. Selected features were passed to machine learning models for classification purposes. The proposed Deep neural model outperformed the other four classifiers (Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic regression, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes classifier) by achieving 100% accuracy. The proposed approach could be a useful tool for nephrologists in detecting CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijendra Singh
- School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Vijayan K. Asari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
| | - Rajkumar Rajasekaran
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
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Yang Y, Guo XM, Wang H, Zheng YN. Deep Learning-Based Heart Sound Analysis for Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2349. [PMID: 34943586 PMCID: PMC8699866 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggravation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) could lead to ventricular remodeling, wall stiffness, reduced compliance, and progression to heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. A non-invasive method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and heart sounds (HS) is presented for the early diagnosis of LVDD in this paper. A deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) model-based data augmentation (DA) method was proposed to expand a HS database of LVDD for model training. Firstly, the preprocessing of HS signals was performed using the improved wavelet denoising method. Secondly, the logistic regression based hidden semi-Markov model was utilized to segment HS signals, which were subsequently converted into spectrograms for DA using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Finally, the proposed method was compared with VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, and AlexNet in terms of performance for LVDD diagnosis. The result shows that the proposed method has a reasonable performance with an accuracy of 0.987, a sensitivity of 0.986, and a specificity of 0.988, which proves the effectiveness of HS analysis for the early diagnosis of LVDD and demonstrates that the DCGAN-based DA method could effectively augment HS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Xing-Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Yi-Neng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Chinese Language Feature Analysis Based on Multilayer Self-Organizing Neural Network and Data Mining Techniques. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:4105784. [PMID: 34691170 PMCID: PMC8531822 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As one of the oldest languages in the world, Chinese has a long cultural history and unique language charm. The multilayer self-organizing neural network and data mining techniques have been widely used and can achieve high-precision prediction in different fields. However, they are hardly applied to Chinese language feature analysis. In order to accurately analyze the characteristics of Chinese language, this paper uses the multilayer self-organizing neural network and the corresponding data mining technology for feature recognition and then compared it with other different types of neural network algorithms. The results show that the multilayer self-organizing neural network can make the accuracy, recall, and F1 score of feature recognition reach 68.69%, 80.21%, and 70.19%, respectively, when there are many samples. Under the influence of strong noise, it keeps high efficiency of feature analysis. This shows that the multilayer self-organizing neural network has superior performance and can provide strong support for Chinese language feature analysis.
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Cardiovascular Disease Recognition Based on Heartbeat Segmentation and Selection Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010952. [PMID: 34682696 PMCID: PMC8535944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of heart sounds which are generated by the beating heart and the resultant blood flow through it provides a valuable tool for cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnostics. The cardiac auscultation using the classical stethoscope phonological cardiogram is known as the most famous exam method to detect heart anomalies. This exam requires a qualified cardiologist, who relies on the cardiac cycle vibration sound (heart muscle contractions and valves closure) to detect abnormalities in the heart during the pumping action. Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal represents the recording of sounds and murmurs resulting from the heart auscultation, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis. For the sake of helping physicians in a clinical environment, a range of artificial intelligence methods was proposed to automatically analyze PCG signal to help in the preliminary diagnosis of different heart diseases. The aim of this research paper is providing an accurate CVD recognition model based on unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods relayed on convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed approach is evaluated on heart sound signals from the well-known, publicly available PASCAL and PhysioNet datasets. Experimental results show that the heart cycle segmentation and segment selection processes have a direct impact on the validation accuracy, sensitivity (TPR), precision (PPV), and specificity (TNR). Based on PASCAL dataset, we obtained encouraging classification results with overall accuracy 0.87, overall precision 0.81, and overall sensitivity 0.83. Concerning Micro classification results, we obtained Micro accuracy 0.91, Micro sensitivity 0.83, Micro precision 0.84, and Micro specificity 0.92. Using PhysioNet dataset, we achieved very good results: 0.97 accuracy, 0.946 sensitivity, 0.944 precision, and 0.946 specificity.
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Iqtidar K, Qamar U, Aziz S, Khan MU. Phonocardiogram signal analysis for classification of Coronary Artery Diseases using MFCC and 1D adaptive local ternary patterns. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104926. [PMID: 34656868 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary Artery Diseases (CADs) are a dominant cause of worldwide fatalities. The development of accurate and timely diagnosis routines is imperative to reduce these risks and mortalities. Coronary angiography, an invasive and expensive technique, is currently used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of CAD but it has some procedural hazards, i.e., it requires arterial puncture, and the subject gets exposed to iodinated radiation. Phonocardiography (PCG), a non-invasive and inexpensive technique, is a modality employing heart sounds to diagnose heart diseases but it requires only trained medical personnel to apprehend cardiac murmurs in clinical environments. Furthermore, there is a strong compulsion to characterize CAD into its types, such as Single vessel coronary artery disease (SVCAD), Double vessel coronary artery disease (DVCAD), and Triple vessel coronary artery disease (TVCAD) to assist the cardiologist in decision making about the treatment procedure followed. This paper presents a computer-aided diagnosis system for the categorization of CAD and its types based on Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal analysis. The raw PCG signals were denoised via empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to remove redundant information and noise. Next, we extract MFCC and proposed 1D-Adaptive Local Ternary Patterns (1D-ALTP) and fused them serially to get a strong feature representation of multiple PCG signal classes. Features were further reduced through Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and subjected to several classification methods such as support vector machines (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) in a comparative fashion. The best classification performances of 98.3% and 97.2% mean accuracies were obtained through SVM with the cubic kernel for binary and multiclass experiments, respectively. The performance of the proposed system is comprehensively tested through 10-fold cross-validation and hold-out train-test techniques to avoid model overfitting. Comparative analysis with existing approaches advocates the superiority of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbakht Iqtidar
- Knowledge and Data Science Research Centre, Department of Computer & Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Usman Qamar
- Knowledge and Data Science Research Centre, Department of Computer & Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumair Aziz
- Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
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Difference Analysis of Regional Economic Development Based on the SOM Neural Network with the Hybrid Genetic Algorithm. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:6734345. [PMID: 34512744 PMCID: PMC8429017 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6734345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, China's regional economy has developed rapidly. However, due to different starting points of economic development caused by the traditional distribution of productive forces and the differences in regions, resources, technologies, and policies, the level of economic development in different regions is uneven. Clustering analysis is a data mining method that clusters or classifies entities according to their characteristics and then discovers the whole spatial distribution law of datasets and typical patterns. It is of great significance to classify, compare, and study the economic development level of different regions in order to formulate the regional economic development strategy. In this paper, a self-organizing feature map (SOM) neural network with the hybrid genetic algorithm is used to cluster the differences of regional economic development, the clustering results are evaluated, and the empirical results are good. From this, some meaningful conclusions can be drawn, which can provide reference for the decision-making of coordinating regional economic development.
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Prediction Models of Early Childhood Caries Based on Machine Learning Algorithms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168613. [PMID: 34444368 PMCID: PMC8393254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed machine learning-based prediction models for early childhood caries and compared their performances with the traditional regression model. We analyzed the data of 4195 children aged 1-5 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2007-2018). Moreover, we developed prediction models using the XGBoost (version 1.3.1), random forest, and LightGBM (version 3.1.1) algorithms in addition to logistic regression. Two different methods were applied for variable selection, including a regression-based backward elimination and a random forest-based permutation importance classifier. We compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values and misclassification rates of the different models and observed that all four prediction models had AUROC values ranging between 0.774 and 0.785. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the AUROC values of the four models. Based on the results, we can confirm that both traditional logistic regression and ML-based models can show favorable performance and can be used to predict early childhood caries, identify ECC high-risk groups, and implement active preventive treatments. However, further research is essential to improving the performance of the prediction model using recent methods, such as deep learning.
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Chen H, Zhou X, Tang X, Li S, Zhang G. Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Esophageal Cancer Using a Pattern Recognition Neural Network. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12249-12258. [PMID: 33273861 PMCID: PMC7707435 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background or Purpose It is important to predict nodal metastases in patients with early esophageal cancer to stratify patients for endoscopic resection or esophagectomy. This study was to establish a novel artificial neural network (ANN) and assess its ability by comparing it with a traditional logistic regression (LR) model for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). Methods A primary cohort was established, composed of 733 patients who underwent esophagectomy for SESCC from December 2012 to December 2019. The following steps were applied: (i) predictor selection; (ii) development of an ANN and a LR model, respectively; (iii) cross-validation; and (iv) evaluation of performance between the two models. The diagnostic assessment was performed with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, C-index, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results The established ANN model had 6 significant predictors: a past habit of alcohol taking, tumor size, submucosal invasion, histologic grade, lymph-vessel invasion, and preoperative CT result. The ANN model performed better than the LR model in specificity (91.20% vs 72.59%, p=0.006), PPV (56.49% vs 39.78%, p=0.020), accuracy (90.72% vs 74.49%, p<0.0001), C-index (91.5% vs 86.8%, p<0.001), and IDI (improved by 23.3%, p<0.001). There were no differences between these two models in sensitivity (87.06% vs 83.21%, p=0.764), NPV (98.17% vs 95.21%, p=0.627), and NRI (improved by −1.1%, p=0.824). Conclusion This ANN model is superior to the LR model and may become a valuable tool for the prediction of LN metastasis in patients with SESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Deperlioglu O, Kose U, Gupta D, Khanna A, Sangaiah AK. Diagnosis of heart diseases by a secure Internet of Health Things system based on Autoencoder Deep Neural Network. COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 162:31-50. [PMID: 32843778 PMCID: PMC7434639 DOI: 10.1016/j.comcom.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective of this study is to introduce a secure IoHT system, which acts as a clinical decision support system with the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, it was emphasized that the accuracy rate of diagnosis (classification) can be improved via deep learning algorithms, by needing no hybrid-complex models, and a secure data processing can be achieved with a multi-authentication and Tangle based approach. In detail, heart sounds were classified with Autoencoder Neural Networks (AEN) and the IoHT system was built for supporting doctors in real-time. For developing the diagnosis infrastructure by the AEN, PASCAL B-Training and Physiobank-PhysioNet A-Training heart sound datasets were used accordingly. For the PASCAL dataset, the AEN provided a diagnosis-classification performance with the accuracy of 100%, sensitivity of 100%, and the specificity of 100% whereas the rates were respectively 99.8%, 99.65%, and 99.13% for the PhysioNet dataset. It was seen that the findings by the developed AEN based solution were better than the alternative solutions from the literature. Additionally, usability of the whole IoHT system was found positive by the doctors, and according to the 479 real-case applications, the system was able to achieve accuracy rates of 96.03% for normal heart sounds, 91.91% for extrasystole, and 90.11% for murmur. In terms of security approach, the system was also robust against several attacking methods including synthetic data impute as well as trying to penetrating to the system via central system or mobile devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utku Kose
- Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sangaiah
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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16
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Wang J, You T, Yi K, Gong Y, Xie Q, Qu F, Wang B, He Z. Intelligent Diagnosis of Heart Murmurs in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:9640821. [PMID: 32454963 PMCID: PMC7238385 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9640821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart auscultation is a convenient tool for early diagnosis of heart diseases and is being developed to be an intelligent tool used in online medicine. Currently, there are few studies on intelligent diagnosis of pediatric murmurs due to congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of the study was to develop a method of intelligent diagnosis of pediatric CHD murmurs. Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals of 86 children were recorded with 24 children having normal heart sounds and 62 children having CHD murmurs. A segmentation method based on the discrete wavelet transform combined with Hadamard product was implemented to locate the first and the second heart sounds from the PCG signal. Ten features specific to CHD murmurs were extracted as the input of classifier after segmentation. Eighty-six artificial neural network classifiers were composed into a classification system to identify CHD murmurs. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosis for heart murmurs were 93%, 93.5%, and 91.7%, respectively. In conclusion, a method of intelligent diagnosis of pediatric CHD murmurs is developed successfully and can be used for online screening of CHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tao You
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Gansu Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kang Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Gansu Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yaqin Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Gansu Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qilian Xie
- Emergency Center, Children's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230051, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Shanghai Lishen Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Bangzhou Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhaoming He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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A fusion framework based on multi-domain features and deep learning features of phonocardiogram for coronary artery disease detection. Comput Biol Med 2020; 120:103733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Battineni G, Sagaro GG, Chinatalapudi N, Amenta F. Applications of Machine Learning Predictive Models in the Chronic Disease Diagnosis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020021. [PMID: 32244292 PMCID: PMC7354442 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews applications of machine learning (ML) predictive models in the diagnosis of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases (CDs) are responsible for a major portion of global health costs. Patients who suffer from these diseases need lifelong treatment. Nowadays, predictive models are frequently applied in the diagnosis and forecasting of these diseases. In this study, we reviewed the state-of-the-art approaches that encompass ML models in the primary diagnosis of CD. This analysis covers 453 papers published between 2015 and 2019, and our document search was conducted from PubMed (Medline), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) libraries. Ultimately, 22 studies were selected to present all modeling methods in a precise way that explains CD diagnosis and usage models of individual pathologies with associated strengths and limitations. Our outcomes suggest that there are no standard methods to determine the best approach in real-time clinical practice since each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the methods considered, support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (LR), clustering were the most commonly used. These models are highly applicable in classification, and diagnosis of CD and are expected to become more important in medical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Battineni
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-333-172-8206
| | - Getu Gamo Sagaro
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Nalini Chinatalapudi
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
- Research Department, International Medical Radio Center Foundation (C.I.R.M.), 00144 Roma, Italy
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19
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Gao S, Zheng Y, Guo X. Gated recurrent unit-based heart sound analysis for heart failure screening. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:3. [PMID: 31931811 PMCID: PMC6958660 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-0747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a type of cardiovascular disease caused by abnormal cardiac structure and function. Early screening of HF has important implication for treatment in a timely manner. Heart sound (HS) conveys relevant information related to HF; this study is therefore based on the analysis of HS signals. The objective is to develop an efficient tool to identify subjects of normal, HF with preserved ejection fraction and HF with reduced ejection fraction automatically. METHODS We proposed a novel HF screening framework based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) model in this study. The logistic regression-based hidden semi-Markov model was adopted to segment HS frames. Normalized frames were taken as the input of the proposed model which can automatically learn the deep features and complete the HF screening without de-nosing and hand-crafted feature extraction. RESULTS To evaluate the performance of proposed model, three methods are used for comparison. The results show that the GRU model gives a satisfactory performance with average accuracy of 98.82%, which is better than other comparison models. CONCLUSION The proposed GRU model can learn features from HS directly, which means it can be independent of expert knowledge. In addition, the good performance demonstrates the effectiveness of HS analysis for HF early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xingming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Mo LZ, Qin YF, Li ZZ. Design of Distance Multimedia Physical Education Teaching Platform Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology. LECTURE NOTES OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES, SOCIAL INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63955-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Dong F, Qian K, Ren Z, Baird A, Li X, Dai Z, Dong B, Metze F, Yamamoto Y, Schuller B. Machine Listening for Heart Status Monitoring: Introducing and Benchmarking HSS - the Heart Sounds Shenzhen Corpus. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 24:2082-2092. [PMID: 31765322 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2955281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Auscultation of the heart is a widely studied technique, which requires precise hearing from practitioners as a means of distinguishing subtle differences in heart-beat rhythm. This technique is popular due to its non-invasive nature, and can be an early diagnosis aid for a range of cardiac conditions. Machine listening approaches can support this process, monitoring continuously and allowing for a representation of both mild and chronic heart conditions. Despite this potential, relevant databases and benchmark studies are scarce. In this paper, we introduce our publicly accessible database, the Heart Sounds Shenzhen Corpus (HSS), which was first released during the recent INTERSPEECH 2018 ComParE Heart Sound sub-challenge. Additionally, we provide a survey of machine learning work in the area of heart sound recognition, as well as a benchmark for HSS utilising standard acoustic features and machine learning models. At best our support vector machine with Log Mel features achieves 49.7% unweighted average recall on a three category task (normal, mild, moderate/severe).
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22
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Feng H, Shi B, Cao X, Hong X, Duan X, Zhong D. The Conceptual Modeling of Interoperability Framework of Heart Sound Monitor in the Context of an Interoperable End-to-End Architecture. Telemed J E Health 2019; 25:808-820. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Feng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- UTECH CO., LTD., Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bozhi Shi
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Hong
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolian Duan
- Chongqing Academy of Science & Technology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Daidi Zhong
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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23
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Ahmad MS, Mir J, Ullah MO, Shahid MLUR, Syed MA. An efficient heart murmur recognition and cardiovascular disorders classification system. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:733-743. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Prediction and evaluation of the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome following severe acute pancreatitis using an artificial neural network algorithm model. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21:891-897. [PMID: 30591306 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict the risk and severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by artificial neural networks (ANNs) model. METHODS ANNs model was constructed by clinical data of 217 SAP patients. The model was first trained on 152 randomly chosen patients, validated and tested on the 33 patients and 32 patients respectively. Statistical analysis was used to assess the value of it. RESULTS The training, validation, and test set were not significantly different for 13 variables. After training, ANNs retained excellent pattern recognition ability. When ANNs model was applied to the test set, it revealed a sensitivity of 87.5%, and an accuracy of 84.43%. Significant differences were found between ANNs model and logistic regression model. When ANNs model is used to identify ARDS, the area under ROC was 0.859 + 0.048. Meanwhile, pancreatic necrosis rate, lactic dehydrogenase and oxyhemoglobin saturation were the most important independent variables. Compared with the Berlin definition, the ANN model shows a good accuracy of 73.1% for total severity of ARDS. CONCLUSION ANNs model is a valuable tool in dealing with risk prediction of ARDS following SAP. In addition, it can extract informative risk factors of ARDS via the ANNs model.
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25
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Li J, Ke L, Du Q. Classification of Heart Sounds Based on the Wavelet Fractal and Twin Support Vector Machine. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21050472. [PMID: 33267186 PMCID: PMC7514961 DOI: 10.3390/e21050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Heart is an important organ of human beings. As more and more heart diseases are caused by people’s living pressure or habits, the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases also require technical improvement. In order to assist the heart diseases diagnosis, the heart sound signal is used to carry a large amount of cardiac state information, so that the heart sound signal processing can achieve the purpose of heart diseases diagnosis and treatment. In order to quickly and accurately judge the heart sound signal, the classification method based on Wavelet Fractal and twin support vector machine (TWSVM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original heart sound signal is decomposed by wavelet transform, and the wavelet decomposition coefficients of the signal are extracted. Then the two-norm eigenvectors of the heart sound signal are obtained by solving the two-norm values of the decomposition coefficients. In order to express the feature information more abundantly, the energy entropy of the decomposed wavelet coefficients is calculated, and then the energy entropy characteristics of the signal are obtained. In addition, based on the fractal dimension, the complexity of the signal is quantitatively described. The box dimension of the heart sound signal is solved by the binary box dimension method. So its fractal dimension characteristics can be obtained. The above eigenvectors are synthesized as the eigenvectors of the heart sound signal. Finally, the twin support vector machine (TWSVM) is applied to classify the heart sound signals. The proposed algorithm is verified on the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 heart sound database. The experimental results show that this proposed algorithm based on twin support vector machine (TWSVM) is superior to the algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM) in classification accuracy and speed. The proposed algorithm achieves the best results with classification accuracy 90.4%, sensitivity 94.6%, specificity 85.5% and F1 Score 95.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Electromagnetic Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
- College of Telecommunication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Li Ke
- Institute of Biomedical and Electromagnetic Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2549-9250
| | - Qiang Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Electromagnetic Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
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26
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Ramanathan A, Zhou L, Marzbanrad F, Roseby R, Tan K, Kevat A, Malhotra A. Digital stethoscopes in paediatric medicine. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:814-822. [PMID: 30536440 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore, synthesise and discuss currently available digital stethoscopes (DS) and the evidence for their use in paediatric medicine. METHODS Systematic review and narrative synthesis of digital stethoscope use in paediatrics following searches of OVID Medline, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS Six digital stethoscope makes were identified to have been used in paediatric focused studies so far. A total of 25 studies of DS use in paediatrics were included. We discuss the use of digital stethoscope technology in current paediatric medicine, comment on the technical properties of the available devices, the effectiveness and limitations of this technology, and potential uses in the fields of paediatrics and neonatology, from telemedicine to computer-aided diagnostics. CONCLUSION Further validation and testing of available DS devices is required. Comparison studies between different types of DS would be useful in identifying strengths and flaws of each DS as well as identifying clinical situations for which each may be most appropriately suited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Zhou
- Monash Newborn Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Faezeh Marzbanrad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Paediatrics Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Kenneth Tan
- Department of Paediatrics Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Monash Newborn Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
- The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ajay Kevat
- Department of Paediatrics Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Monash Newborn Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
- The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
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27
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A Wavelet Transform-Based Neural Network Denoising Algorithm for Mobile Phonocardiography. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040957. [PMID: 30813479 PMCID: PMC6412858 DOI: 10.3390/s19040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular pathologies cause 23.5% of human deaths, worldwide. An auto-diagnostic system monitoring heart activity, which can identify the early symptoms of cardiac illnesses, might reduce the death rate caused by these problems. Phonocardiography (PCG) is one of the possible techniques able to detect heart problems. Nevertheless, acoustic signal enhancement is required since it is exposed to various disturbances coming from different sources. The most common denoising enhancement is based on the Wavelet Transform (WT). However, the WT is highly susceptible to variations in the noise frequency distribution. This paper proposes a new adaptive denoising algorithm, which combines WT and Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNN). The acquired signal is decomposed by means of the WT using the coif five-wavelet basis at the tenth decomposition level and then provided as input to the TDNN. Besides the advantage of adaptive thresholding, the reason for using TDNNs is their capacity of estimating the Inverse Wavelet Transform (IWT). The best parameters of the TDNN were found for a NN consisting of 25 neurons in the first and 15 in the second layer and the delay block of 12 samples. The method was evaluated on several pathological heart sounds and on signals recorded in a noisy environment. The performance of the developed system with respect to other wavelet-based denoising approaches was validated by the online questionnaire.
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28
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Fei Y, Gao K, Li WQ. Artificial neural network algorithm model as powerful tool to predict acute lung injury following to severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2018; 18:892-899. [PMID: 30268673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to predict the risk of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated with acute lung injury (ALI) by artificial neural networks (ANNs) model. METHODS The ANNs and logistic regression model were constructed using clinical and laboratory data of 217 SAP patients. The models were first trained on 152 randomly chosen patients, validated and tested on the 33 patients and 32 patients respectively. Statistical indices were used to evaluate the value of the forecast in two models. RESULTS The training set, validation set and test set were not significantly different for any of the 13 variables. After training, the back propagation network retained excellent pattern recognition ability. When the ANNs model was applied to the test set, it revealed a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 83.3%. The accuracy was 84.43%. Significant differences could be found between ANNs model and logistic regression model in these parameter. When ANNs model was used to identify ALI, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.859 ± 0.048, which demonstrated the better overall properties than logistic regression modeling (AUC = 0.701 + 0.041) (95% CI: 0.664-0.857). Meanwhile, pancreatic necrosis rate, lactic dehydrogenase and oxyhemoglobin saturation were the important factors among all thirteen independent variable for ALI. CONCLUSION The ANNs model was a valuable tool in dealing with the clinical risk prediction problem of ALI following to SAP. In addition, our approach can extract informative risk factors of ALI via the ANNs model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fei
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of P.L.A., P.L.A. Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of P.L.A., P.L.A. Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wei-Qin Li
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of P.L.A., P.L.A. Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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29
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Han W, Yang Z, Lu J, Xie S. Supervised threshold-based heart sound classification algorithm. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:115011. [PMID: 30500785 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aae7fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep classification networks have been one of the predominant methods for classifying heart sound recordings. To satisfy their demand for sample size, the most commonly used method for data augmentation is that which divides each heart sound instance into a number of segments, with each segment labelled as the same category as its origin and used as a new sample for training or forecasting. However, performing this poses a crucial issue as to how to determine the category of a predicted heart sound instance from its segments' prediction results. APPROACH To solve this issue, this paper establishes a mathematical formula to connect the classification performance of these heart sound instances with the prediction results of their segments via a threshold which is supervised by the training set. The optimal value of the proposed threshold is calculated by maximizing the prediction accuracy of the training instances. Seeking the optimal threshold by a gradient-based method, we prove that a continuous function can closely approximate a part of the function of accuracy which transforms the discrete function of accuracy into a continuous function. The optimal threshold is used to recognize the undetermined heart sound recording. MAIN RESULTS Experimental results show the classification performance from a 10-fold cross-validation, measured by the commonly used scales of sensitivity, specificity and mean accuracy (MAcc). The proposed algorithm improves the MAcc by about 4% by modifying the baseline. In addition, the MAcc surpasses the champion of the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2016. SIGNIFICANCE Our study develops a methodology to determine the category of a predicted heart sound instance from its segments' prediction results, thus assisting in the data augmentation exercise which is necessary to provide sufficient data for deep classification networks. Our method significantly improves the classification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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