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Prokop J, Nel A, Engel MS. Diversity, Form, and Postembryonic Development of Paleozoic Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:401-429. [PMID: 36689304 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-022637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While Mesozoic, Paleogene, and Neogene insect faunas greatly resemble the modern one, the Paleozoic fauna provides unique insights into key innovations in insect evolution, such as the origin of wings and modifications of postembryonic development including holometaboly. Deep-divergence estimates suggest that the majority of contemporary insect orders originated in the Late Paleozoic, but these estimates reflect divergences between stem groups of each lineage rather than the later appearance of the crown groups. The fossil record shows the initial radiations of the extant hyperdiverse clades during the Early Permian, as well as the specialized fauna present before the End Permian mass extinction. This review summarizes the recent discoveries related to the documented diversity of Paleozoic hexapods, as well as current knowledge about what has actually been verified from fossil evidence as it relates to postembryonic development and the morphology of different body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Prokop
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - André Nel
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France;
| | - Michael S Engel
- Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
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Gao T, Shih C, Ren D. Behaviors and Interactions of Insects in Mid-Mesozoic Ecosystems of Northeastern China. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:337-354. [PMID: 32916066 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072720-095043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, more than 1,600 species of well-preserved fossil insects, including members of over 270 families within 24 orders, have been described from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Entomofauna and Early Cretaceous Jehol Entomofauna in Northeastern China. Diversified fossil insects not only document the origin, systematics, and early evolution of many lineages, but also reveal these lineages' behaviors and interactions with coexisting plants, vertebrates, and other insects in their ecosystems. Fossil evidence has been documented, for example, regarding insects' feeding and pollination mutualism with gymnosperms; ectoparasitic feeding on blood of vertebrates; camouflage, mimicry of gymnosperm plants, and eyespot warning; sound stridulation for attracting potential mates; and sexual display, mating, egg-laying, and parental care. In this article, we review the diverse taxonomy of mid-Mesozoic insects of Northeastern China and elucidate their behaviors and interactions within their ecosystems, which have impacted their early evolution and development into extant insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; ,
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; ,
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA;
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; ,
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Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass KD, Olivier Béthoux, Svenson GJ. Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). Zookeys 2017; 696:1-100. [PMID: 29200926 PMCID: PMC5673847 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.696.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive review of historical morphological nomenclature used for praying mantis (Mantodea) morphology, which includes citations, original use, and assignment of homology. All referenced structures across historical works correspond to a proposed standard term for use in all subsequent works pertaining to praying mantis morphology and systematics. The new standards are presented with a verbal description in a glossary as well as indicated on illustrations and images. In the vast majority of cases, originally used terms were adopted as the new standard. In addition, historical morphological topographical homology conjectures are considered with discussion on modern interpretations. A new standardized formulation to present foreleg femoral and tibial spines is proposed for clarity based on previous works. In addition, descriptions for methods of collection, curation, genital complex dissection, and labeling are provided to aid in the proper preservation and storage of specimens for longevity and ease of study. Due to the lack of consistent linear morphometric measurement practices in the literature, we have proposed a series of measurements for taxonomic and morphological research. These measurements are presented with figures to provide visual aids with homologous landmarks to ensure compatibility and comparability across the Order. Finally, our proposed method of pinning mantises is presented with a photographical example as well as a video tutorial available at http://mantodearesearch.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney K. Brannoch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank Wieland
- Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde - POLLICHIA-Museum, Hermann-Schäfer-Str. 17, 67098 Bad Dürkheim, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Dieter Klass
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- Centre de Recherche sur la Paleobiodiversite et les Paleoenvironnements (CR2P, UMR 7207), Sorbonne Universites, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris6, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 38, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gavin J. Svenson
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Cui Y, Béthoux O, Kondratieff B, Shih C, Ren D. The first fossil salmonfly (Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), back to the Middle Jurassic. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:217. [PMID: 27756205 PMCID: PMC5070387 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fossil record of Plecoptera (stoneflies) is considered relatively complete, with stem-groups of each of the three major lineages, viz. Antarctoperlaria, Euholognatha and Systellognatha (and some of their families) represented in the Mesozoic. However, the family Pteronarcyidae (the salmonflies; including two genera, Pteronarcys and Pteronarcella) has no fossil record to date, and the family has been suggested to have diverged recently. RESULTS In this paper, we report on a set of specimens belonging to a new fossil species of stonefly, discovered from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou locality (China). Our comparative analysis of wing venation and body characters demonstrates that the new species belongs to the Pteronarcyidae, and is more closely related to Pteronarcys than to Pteronarcella. However, it differs from all known species of the former genus. It is therefore assigned to a new genus and named Pteroliriope sinitshenkovae gen. et sp. nov. under the traditional nomenclatural procedure. The cladotypic nomenclatural procedure is also employed, with the resulting combination Pteroliriope nec Pteronarcys sinitshenkovae sp. nov. CONCLUSIONS The first discovery of a fossil member of the Pteronarcyidae demonstrates that the corresponding lineage is not a very recent offshoot but was already present ca. 165 million years ago. This discovery concurs with the view that divergence of most stonefly families took place very early, probably in the Triassic, or even in the Permian. This contribution demonstrates the need for (re-)investigations of the systematics of fossil stoneflies to refine divergence date estimates for Plecoptera lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Paris, France.,College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Paris, France
| | - Boris Kondratieff
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Cousin G, Béthoux O. The steps towards an inconspicuous vein fusion documented in Stenosmylinae forewings (Neuroptera: Osmylidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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