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de Jong MJM, Schaftenaar FH, Depuydt MAC, Lozano Vigario F, Janssen GMC, Peeters JAHM, Goncalves L, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Kuiper J, Bot I, van Veelen P, Slütter B. Virus-Associated CD8 + T-Cells Are Not Activated Through Antigen-Mediated Interaction Inside Atherosclerotic Lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1302-1314. [PMID: 38511327 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infections have been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and CD8+ T-cells directed against common viruses, such as influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, have been detected inside human atherosclerotic lesions. These virus-specific CD8+ T-cells have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis; however, whether they affect disease progression directly remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the activation status of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in the atherosclerotic lesion. METHODS The presence, clonality, tissue enrichment, and phenotype of virus-associated CD8+ T-cells in atherosclerotic lesions were assessed by exploiting bulk T-cell receptor-β sequencing and single-cell T-cell receptor (α and β) sequencing datasets on human endarterectomy samples and patient-matched blood samples. To investigate if virus-specific CD8+ T-cells can be activated through T-cell receptor stimulation in the atherosclerotic lesion, the immunopeptidome of human plaques was determined. RESULTS Virus-associated CD8+ T-cells accumulated more in the atherosclerotic lesion (mean=2.0%), compared with patient-matched blood samples (mean=1.4%; P=0.05), and were more clonally expanded and tissue enriched in the atherosclerotic lesion in comparison with nonassociated CD8+ T-cells from the lesion. Single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that these virus-associated CD8+ T-cells were phenotypically highly similar to other CD8+ T-cells in the lesion and that both exhibited a more activated phenotype compared with circulating T-cells. Interestingly, virus-associated CD8+ T-cells are unlikely to be activated through antigen-specific interactions in the atherosclerotic lesion, as no virus-derived peptides were detected on HLA-I in the lesion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that virus-specific CD8+ T-cells are tissue enriched in atherosclerotic lesions; however, their potential contribution to inflammation may involve antigen-independent mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/virology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Male
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Aged
- Carotid Artery Diseases/immunology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/virology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J M de Jong
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - George M C Janssen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, the Netherlands (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Judith A H M Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Lauren Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center - location Westeinde, Lijnbaan, The Hague, the Netherlands (J.A.H.M.P., L.G., A.W., H.J.S.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, the Netherlands (G.M.C.J., P.v.V.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.J.M.J., F.H.S., M.A.C.D., F.L.V., J.K., I.B., B.S.)
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Chowdhury RR, D’Addabbo J, Huang X, Veizades S, Sasagawa K, Louis DM, Cheng P, Sokol J, Jensen A, Tso A, Shankar V, Wendel BS, Bakerman I, Liang G, Koyano T, Fong R, Nau A, Ahmad H, Gopakumar JK, Wirka R, Lee A, Boyd J, Joseph Woo Y, Quertermous T, Gulati G, Jaiswal S, Chien YH, Chan C, Davis MM, Nguyen PK. Human Coronary Plaque T Cells Are Clonal and Cross-React to Virus and Self. Circ Res 2022; 130:1510-1530. [PMID: 35430876 PMCID: PMC9286288 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is an incurable, life-threatening disease that was once considered primarily a disorder of lipid deposition. Coronary artery disease is now also characterized by chronic inflammation' notable for the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques containing immune cells in various states of activation and differentiation. Understanding how these immune cells contribute to disease progression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS We used single-cell technology and in vitro assays to interrogate the immune microenvironment of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque at different stages of maturity. RESULTS In addition to macrophages, we found a high proportion of αβ T cells in the coronary plaques. Most of these T cells lack high expression of CCR7 and L-selectin, indicating that they are primarily antigen-experienced memory cells. Notably, nearly one-third of these cells express the HLA-DRA surface marker, signifying activation through their TCRs (T-cell receptors). Consistent with this, TCR repertoire analysis confirmed the presence of activated αβ T cells (CD4<CD8), exhibiting clonal expansion of specific TCRs. Interestingly, we found that these plaque T cells had TCRs specific for influenza, coronavirus, and other viral epitopes, which share sequence homologies to proteins found on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, suggesting potential autoimmune-mediated T-cell activation in the absence of active infection. To better understand the potential function of these activated plaque T cells, we then interrogated their transcriptome at the single-cell level. Of the 3 T-cell phenotypic clusters with the highest expression of the activation marker HLA-DRA, 2 clusters expressed a proinflammatory and cytolytic signature characteristic of CD8 cells, while the other expressed AREG (amphiregulin), which promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibrosis, and, thus, contributes to plaque progression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that plaque T cells are clonally expanded potentially by antigen engagement, are potentially reactive to self-epitopes, and may interact with smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the plaque microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
- Department of Medicine (Section of Genetic Medicine), University of Chicago
| | - Jessica D’Addabbo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | - Xianxi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Stefan Veizades
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Edinburgh Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Koki Sasagawa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | | | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Jan Sokol
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Alexandria Tso
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Vishnu Shankar
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Ben Shogo Wendel
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Isaac Bakerman
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Grace Liang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Robyn Fong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Allison Nau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
| | - Herra Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
| | | | - Robert Wirka
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | - Andrew Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jack Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University
| | | | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Gunsagar Gulati
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
| | - Charles Chan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
- Edinburgh Medical School, United Kingdom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
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3
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Veizades S, Tso A, Nguyen PK. Infection, inflammation and thrombosis: a review of potential mechanisms mediating arterial thrombosis associated with influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Biol Chem 2021; 403:231-241. [PMID: 34957734 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis has long been reported as a potentially deadly complication of respiratory viral infections and has recently received much attention during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Increased risk of myocardial infarction has been reported during active infections with respiratory viruses, including influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which persists even after the virus has cleared. These clinical observations suggest an ongoing interaction between these respiratory viruses with the host's coagulation and immune systems that is initiated at the time of infection but may continue long after the virus has been cleared. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of viral-associated myocardial infarction, highlight recent clinical studies supporting a causal connection, and detail how the virus' interaction with the host's coagulation and immune systems can potentially mediate arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Veizades
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alexandria Tso
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang HG. Vigilance on New-Onset Atherosclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:629413. [PMID: 33553222 PMCID: PMC7855580 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.629413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global challenge to public health. While its typical clinical manifestations are respiratory disorders, emerging evidence of cardiovascular complications indicates the adverse interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular outcomes. Given that viral infection has emerged as an additional risk factor for atherosclerosis, in this paper, we attempt to clarify the susceptibility to new-onset atherosclerosis in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Mechanistically, serving as functional receptors for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells (ECs) directly, leading to endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, high expression of CD147, an alternative receptor, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may also contribute to atherosclerosis in the context of COVID-19. More importantly, SARS-CoV-2 attacks the immune system, which results in excessive inflammation and perpetuates a vicious cycle of deteriorated endothelial dysfunction that further promotes inflammation. The alterations in the blood lipid profile induced by COVID-19 should not be ignored in assessing the predisposition toward atherosclerosis in victims of COVID-19. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long-term monitoring of inflammatory factors and endothelial function should be considered in the follow-up of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 for early detection and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Gang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Adaptive Immune Responses in Human Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239322. [PMID: 33297441 PMCID: PMC7731312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the deposition and accumulation of low-density lipoproteins in the artery wall. In this review, we will discuss the role of T- and B-cells in human plaques at different stages of atherosclerosis and the utility of profiling circulating immune cells to monitor atherosclerosis progression. Evidence supports a proatherogenic role for intraplaque T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, CD4+CD28null T-cells, and natural killer T-cells, whereas Th2 cells and regulatory T-cells (Treg) have an atheroprotective role. Several studies indicate that intraplaque T-cells are activated upon recognition of endogenous antigens including heat shock protein 60 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, but antigens derived from pathogens can also trigger T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Future studies are needed to assess whether circulating cellular biomarkers can improve identification of vulnerable lesions so that effective intervention can be implemented before clinical manifestations are apparent.
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6
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Kalantar K, Farzaneh Z, Eshkevar Vakili M, Karimi MH, Asadi M, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. T cell responses to an HLA-A2-restricted adipophilin peptide correlate with BMI in patients with atherosclerosis. Physiol Int 2020; 107:280-293. [PMID: 32692717 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease causing a vast array of cardiovascular diseases. Adipophilin has been reported to be highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. This study investigated the possible existence of auto-reactive T cells against an HLA-A02-restricted adipophilin-derived peptide as well as peptides from Epstein-barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza (Flu) virus in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods HLA-A02 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined by flow cytometry. PBMCs from HLA-A02 individuals were stimulated with adipophilin, CMV, EBV, and Flu peptides at a concentration of 10 µM. Interferon (IFN)-γ production was evaluated in the culture supernatant using a commercial ELISA test. Results The levels of IFN-γ production against an HLA-A02-restricted adipophilin peptide and peptides from CMV, EBV, and Flu revealed no statistically significant differences between patients and healthy controls. However, we found a positive correlation between IFN-γ production against adipophilin and Body mass index (BMI) of patients (R = 0.8, P = 0.003), whereas no significant correlation was found in healthy controls (R = -0.267, P = 0.378). No correlation between BMI and IFN-γ production against CMV, EBV, or Flu peptides was found. Discussion Atherosclerotic patients with higher BMIs might have greater numbers of T cells against adipophilin that is highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, autoimmune reactions may have a greater role in the development of atherosclerosis in individuals with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kalantar
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Z Farzaneh
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Eshkevar Vakili
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M H Karimi
- 3Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Asadi
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Khosropanah
- 2Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Doroudchi
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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7
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Hong Y, Tang HR, Ma M, Chen N, Xie X, He L. Multiple sclerosis and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31234793 PMCID: PMC6591845 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke are two common causes of death and disability worldwide. The relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. Effective early preventative measures and treatments are available to reduce the morbidity and mortality of acute stroke. The objectives of our systematic review are to estimate the risk of stroke in patients with MS and to collate related studies to draw preliminary conclusions that may improve clinical practice. METHOD Relevant studies were systematically searched in MEDLINE, Embase, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the VIP database of Chinese periodicals from January 1983 to May 2017, with no restrictions on language. Patients included in this review were adults who suffered from MS. Review Manager 5.3 software program was used to pool data and calculate the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We also performed heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses and evaluated bias in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies including more than 380,000 participants that met our inclusion criteria were incorporated into the meta-analysis. During different follow-up periods, patients with MS had an increased risk of any type of stroke [RR = 3.48, 95% CI (1.59, 7.64), P = 0.002 for 1 year; RR = 2.45, 95% CI (1.90, 3.16), P < 0.00001 for 10-13 years]. The total prevalence of stroke (any type) in patients with MS exceeded expectations compared to different groups [Comparing with general veteran: RR = 2, 95% CI (1.19, 3.38), P = 0.009. Comparing with general population: RR = 2.93, 95% CI (1.13, 7.62), P = 0.03]. Furthermore, ischemic stroke was particularly more common in the MS population than in people without MS [RR = 6.09, 95% CI (3.44, 10.77), P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION Compared with the general population, people with MS have an increased risk of developing any type of stroke and ischemic stroke in particular. Consistent results were obtained from patients of different sexes and age groups. Preventative measures and treatments should be administered at earlier time points to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai Rong Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Thormann A, Magyari M, Koch-Henriksen N, Laursen B, Sørensen PS. Vascular comorbidities in multiple sclerosis: a nationwide study from Denmark. J Neurol 2016; 263:2484-2493. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Lin Y, Huang Y, Lu Z, Luo C, shi Y, Zeng Q, Cao Y, Liu L, Wang X, Ji Q. Decreased plasma IL-35 levels are related to the left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary artery diseases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52490. [PMID: 23285065 PMCID: PMC3528657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that the novel anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 can efficiently suppress effector T cell activity and alter the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The two subunits of IL-35, EBI3 and p35, are strongly expressed in human advanced plaque, suggesting a potential role of IL-35 in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the plasma levels of IL-35 in patients with CAD have yet to be investigated. Methods Plasma IL-35, IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-12 and IL-27 levels were measured using an ELISA in 43 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, 62 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients, 56 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 47 chest pain syndrome patients as a control group. Results The results showed that plasma IL-35 levels were significantly decreased in the SAP group (90.74±34.22 pg/ml), the UAP group (72.20±26.63 pg/ml), and the AMI group (50.21±24.69 pg/ml) compared with chest pain syndrome group (115.06±32.27 pg/ml). Similar results were also demonstrated with IL-10 and TGF-β1. Plasma IL-12 and IL-27 levels were significantly increased in the UAP group (349.72±85.22 pg/ml, 101.75±51.42 pg/ml, respectively) and the AMI group (318.05±86.82 pg/ml, 148.88±68.45 pg/ml, respectively) compared with chest pain syndrome group (138.68±34.37 pg/ml, 63.60±22.75 pg/ml, respectively) and the SAP group (153.84±53.86 pg/ml, 70.84±38.77 pg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, lower IL-35 levels were moderately positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CAD patients (R = 0.416, P<0.01), whereas higher IL-27 levels were weakly negatively correlated with LVEF in CAD patients(R = −0.205, P<0.01). Conclusions The results of the present study show that circulating IL-35 is a potentially novel biomarker for coronary artery disease. Regulating the expression of IL-35 also provides a new possible target for the treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengde Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ying shi
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kempe S, Heinz P, Kokai E, Devergne O, Marx N, Wirth T. Epstein-barr virus-induced gene-3 is expressed in human atheroma plaques. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:440-7. [PMID: 19556516 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by a complex immune response in the vessel wall, involving both inflammation and autoimmune processes. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (Ebi3) is a member of the interleukin (IL)-12 heterodimeric cytokine family, which has important immunomodulatory functions. To date, little is known about the role of Ebi3 in vascular disease. We examined the expression of Ebi3 in human atheromatous lesions and analyzed its transcriptional regulation in vascular cells. The in situ expression of Ebi3 in human endarterectomy specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In these lesions, smooth muscle cells expressed Ebi3 as well as the IL-27alpha/p28 and IL-12alpha/p35 subunits. Primary aortic smooth muscle cells up-regulated Ebi3 in response to proinflammatory stimuli like tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Interestingly, pretreatment of these cells with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone strongly reduced Ebi3 induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that this inhibition is due to interference with p65/RelA recruitment to the Ebi3 promoter. Our data support a possible role of Ebi3 in atherogenesis either as homodimer or as IL-27/IL-35 heterodimer, and suggest that Ebi3 could be an interesting target for therapeutic manipulation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Kempe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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van der Meer JJ, van der Wal AC, Teeling P, Idu MM, van der Ende A, de Boer OJ. Multiple bacteria contribute to intraplaque T-cell activation in atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:857-62. [PMID: 19021704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with microorganisms is considered a pathogenic factor in atherogenesis. Several studies have shown the presence of a broad spectrum of bacterial species in atherosclerotic plaques, which could trigger local inflammation. Because T cells contribute to atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, we studied the responsiveness of human plaque derived T-cell cultures to bacteria of different species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary polyclonal T-cell cultures were generated from both carotid endarterectomy tissue and peripheral blood of nine patients, and the peripheral blood of eight matched controls. The in vitro proliferative responses of the T-cell cultures against H. pylori, N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis and E. coli were analysed. T-cell proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation and expressed as a stimulation index. Selective outgrowth of intraplaque microbial specific T cells was studied by calculating the ratio of plaque T-cell SI and peripheral blood T-cell SI in each patient. RESULTS All patients showed T-cell responsiveness to multiple bacteria in their plaque tissue. Stimulation indices were in the range of 0.3-30, and this degree of reactivity with the different species was heterogeneous among patients. Selective outgrowth (plaque/peripheral blood ratio) of T cells against multiple bacteria was observed in six out of nine patients. CONCLUSIONS T cells in atherosclerotic plaques have the capacity to selectively respond to antigens of a wide variety of microbial antigens. This supports the view that such mechanisms could contribute to the atherosclerotic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Waldman WJ, Williams MV, Lemeshow S, Binkley P, Guttridge D, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Knight DA, Ladner KJ, Glaser R. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded dUTPase enhances proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages in contact with endothelial cells: evidence for depression-induced atherosclerotic risk. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:215-23. [PMID: 17845840 PMCID: PMC2245868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6, predict mortality and morbidity. In cardiovascular disease patients, they are observed in atherosclerotic lesions and serum. Factors behind the increased levels of these cytokines are multifaceted and may include latent herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can be reactivated by stress. Previously, we showed that the EBV-encoded deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), a protein synthesized in the early phase of virus replication, can induce human monocytes/macrophages to produce TNF-alpha and IL-6. In this study, we modeled the interactions that take place between macrophages and endothelial cells in vivo using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were stimulated by soluble factors induced by EBV dUTPase-treated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) that resulted in the upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. These changes were related to MDM production of TNF-alpha following the activation of NF-kappaB. In a previous study, chronically stressed dementia caregivers had elevations in plasma IL-6 levels, a risk for cardiovascular disease. We found a relationship between plasma IL-6 levels and neutralizing antibody titers to EBV dUTPase suggesting that one source of the plasma IL-6 observed in our previous study could be related to the effect of EBV-encoded dUTPase on macrophages. The results suggest that EBV-encoded dUTPase can enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages in contact with endothelial cells of blood vessels, and may play a role in cardiovascular pathology and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. James Waldman
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Marshall V. Williams
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stanley Lemeshow
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Philip Binkley
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Denis Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Deborah A. Knight
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Katherine J. Ladner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ronald Glaser
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
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New approaches to the concept of primary prevention of atherosclerosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2008; 10:73-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-008-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Keller TT, van der Meer JJ, Teeling P, van der Sluijs K, Idu MM, Rimmelzwaan GF, Levi M, van der Wal AC, de Boer OJ. Selective expansion of influenza A virus-specific T cells in symptomatic human carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques. Stroke 2007; 39:174-9. [PMID: 18048854 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.491282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence is accumulating that infection with influenza A virus contributes to atherothrombotic disease. Vaccination against influenza decreases the risk of atherosclerotic syndromes, indicating that inflammatory mechanisms may be involved. We tested the hypothesis that influenza A virus-specific T cells contribute to atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, which mediates the onset of plaque rupture. METHODS T-cell cultures were generated from atherosclerotic segments and peripheral blood of 30 patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. The response of plaque and peripheral blood T cells to influenza A virus was analyzed and expressed as a stimulation index (SI). Selective outgrowth of intraplaque influenza A-specific T cells was calculated by the ratio of plaque T cell SI and peripheral blood T cell SI for each patient. Accordingly, the patients were categorized as high- (SI ratio >or=5), intermediate- (5 <SI ratio <or=2), and non- (SI ratio <2) responders. The presence of influenza A virus in the vessel fragments was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS High proliferative responses of plaque-derived T cells to influenza A virus were frequently observed. Among the 30 patients, 5 were categorized as high responders, 10 were intermediate responders, and 15 were nonresponders. Live influenza A virus could not be detected in the atherosclerotic plaques by polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS Selective outgrowth of influenza A virus-specific T cells occurs within the microenvironment of human atherosclerotic plaques. Influenza virus-derived antigens or alternatively, mimicry antigens, appear to be potential candidates for triggering or sustaining plaque inflammation, which eventually leads to symptomatic plaque complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymen T Keller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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