1
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Fufina TY, Vasilieva LG. Role of hydrogen-bond networks on the donor side of photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:921-937. [PMID: 37974998 PMCID: PMC10643783 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last decades, significant progress has been made in studying the biological functions of H-bond networks in membrane proteins, proton transporters, receptors, and photosynthetic reaction centers. Increasing availability of the X-ray crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of photosynthetic complexes resolved with high atomic resolution provides a platform for their comparative analysis. It allows identifying structural factors that are ensuring the high quantum yield of the photochemical reactions and are responsible for the stability of the membrane complexes. The H-bond networks are known to be responsible for proton transport associated with electron transfer from the primary to the secondary quinone as well as in the processes of water oxidation in photosystem II. Participation of such networks in reactions proceeding on the periplasmic side of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers is less studied. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of H-bond networks on the donor side of photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria. It is discussed that the networks may be involved in providing close association with mobile electron carriers, in light-induced proton transport, in regulation of the redox properties of bacteriochlorophyll cofactors, and in stabilization of the membrane protein structure at the interface of membrane and soluble phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yu. Fufina
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str, 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - L. G. Vasilieva
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str, 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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2
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Boussac A, Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Nagao R, Noguchi T, Viola S, Rutherford AW, Sellés J. Absorption changes in Photosystem II in the Soret band region upon the formation of the chlorophyll cation radical [P D1P D2] . PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01049-3. [PMID: 37751034 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Flash-induced absorption changes in the Soret region arising from the [PD1PD2]+ state, the chlorophyll cation radical formed upon light excitation of Photosystem II (PSII), were measured in Mn-depleted PSII cores at pH 8.6. Under these conditions, TyrD is i) reduced before the first flash, and ii) oxidized before subsequent flashes. In wild-type PSII, when TyrD● is present, an additional signal in the [PD1PD2]+-minus-[PD1PD2] difference spectrum was observed when compared to the first flash when TyrD is not oxidized. The additional feature was "W-shaped" with troughs at 434 nm and 446 nm. This feature was absent when TyrD was reduced, but was present (i) when TyrD was physically absent (and replaced by phenylalanine) or (ii) when its H-bonding histidine (D2-His189) was physically absent (replaced by a Leucine). Thus, the simple difference spectrum without the double trough feature at 434 nm and 446 nm, seemed to require the native structural environment around the reduced TyrD and its H bonding partners to be present. We found no evidence of involvement of PD1, ChlD1, PheD1, PheD2, TyrZ, and the Cytb559 heme in the W-shaped difference spectrum. However, the use of a mutant of the PD2 axial His ligand, the D2-His197Ala, shows that the PD2 environment seems involved in the formation of "W-shaped" signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Boussac
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR9198, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stefania Viola
- Institut de Biosciences Et Biotechnologies, UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Cité des Énergies, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Julien Sellés
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 and Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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3
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Tamura H, Saito K, Nishio S, Ishikita H. Electron-Transfer Route in the Early Oxidation States of the Mn 4CaO 5 Cluster in Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:205-211. [PMID: 36542840 PMCID: PMC9841979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electron transfer from the oxygen-evolving Mn4CaO5 cluster to the electron acceptor D1-Tyr161 (TyrZ) is a prerequisite for water oxidation and O2 evolution. Here, we analyzed the electronic coupling in the rate-limiting electron-transfer transitions using a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical/polarizable continuum model approach. In the S0 to S1 transition, the electronic coupling between the electron-donor Mn3(III) and TyrZ is small (2 meV). In contrast, the electronic coupling between the dangling Mn4(III) and TyrZ is significantly large (172 meV), which suggests that the electron transfer proceeds from Mn3(III) to TyrZ via Mn4(III). In the S1 to S2 transition, the electronic coupling between Mn4(III) and TyrZ is also larger (124 meV) than that between Mn1(III) and TyrZ (1 meV), which favors the formation of the open-cubane S2 conformation with Mn4(IV) over the formation of the closed-cubane S2 conformation with Mn1(IV). In the S0 to S1 and S1 to S2 transitions, the Mn4 d-orbital and the TyrZ π-orbital are hybridized via D1-Asp170, which suggests that D1-Asp170 commonly provides a dominant electron-transfer route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Shunya Nishio
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
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4
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Stathi P, Fotou E, Moussis V, Tsikaris V, Louloudi M, Deligiannakis Y. Control of Tyrosyl Radical Stabilization by {SiO 2@Oligopeptide} Hybrid Biomimetic Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9799-9809. [PMID: 35915965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine radicals are notoriously short-lived/unstable in solution, while they present an impressive degree of stability and versatility in bioenzymes. Herein, we have developed a library of hybrid biomimetic materials (HBMs), which consists of tyrosine-containing oligopeptides covalently grafted on SiO2 nanoparticles, and studied the formation, lifetime, and redox properties of tyrosyl radicals. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have studied the radical-spin distribution as a probe of the local microenvironment of the tyrosyl radicals in the HBMs. We find that the lifetime of the tyrosyl radical can be enhanced by up to 6 times, by adjusting three factors, namely, a proximal histidine, the length of the oligopeptide, and the interface with the SiO2 nanomatrix. This is shown to be correlated to a significant lowering of E1/2 from +736 mV, in free tyrosine, to +548 mV in the {12-peptide}@SiO2 material. Moreover, we show that grafting on SiO2 lowers the E1/2 of tyrosine radicals by ∼50 mV in all oligopeptides. Analysis of the spin-distribution by EPR reveals that the positioning of a histidine at a H-bonding distance from the tyrosine further favors tyrosine radical stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Stathi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
| | - Evgenia Fotou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
| | - Vassilios Moussis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsikaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
| | - Maria Louloudi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
| | - Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials & Environment, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 4550, Greece
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5
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Mandal M, Saito K, Ishikita H. Release of a Proton and Formation of a Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bond between Tyrosine D and D2-His189 in Photosystem II. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:423-429. [PMID: 36855688 PMCID: PMC9955220 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In photosystem II (PSII), the second-lowest oxidation state (S1) of the oxygen-evolving Mn4CaO5 cluster is the most stable, as the radical form of the redox-active D2-Tyr160 is considered to be a candidate that accepts an electron from the lowest oxidation state (S0) in the dark. Using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, we investigated the redox potential (E m) of TyrD and its H-bond partner, D2-His189. The potential energy profile indicates that the release of a proton from the TyrD...D2-His189 pair leads to the formation of a low-barrier H-bond. The E m depends on the H+ position along the low-barrier H-bond, e.g., 680 mV when the H+ is at the D2-His189 moiety and 800 mV when the H+ is at the TyrD moiety, which can explain why TyrD mediates both the S0 to S1 oxidation and the S2 to S1 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mandal
- Department
of Chemical, Biological & Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,Department
of Applied Chemistry, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan,. Tel: +81-3-5452-5056. Fax: +81-3-5452-5083
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6
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Yocum CF. Photosystem 2 and the oxygen evolving complex: a brief overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:97-105. [PMID: 35294671 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
These special issues of photosynthesis research present papers documenting progress in revealing the many aspects of photosystem 2, a unique, one-of-a-kind complex system that can reduce a plastoquinone to a plastoquinol on every second flash of light and oxidize 2 H2O to an O2 on every fourth flash. This overview is a brief personal assessment of the progress observed by the author over a four-decade research career, including a discussion of some remaining unsolved issues. It will come as no surprise to readers that there are remaining questions given the complexity of PS2, and the efforts that have been needed so far to uncover its secrets. In fact, most readers will have their own lists of outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Yocum
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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7
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Kehl A, Hiller M, Hecker F, Tkach I, Dechert S, Bennati M, Meyer A. Resolution of chemical shift anisotropy in 19F ENDOR spectroscopy at 263 GHz/9.4 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 333:107091. [PMID: 34749036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed 19F ENDOR spectroscopy provides a selective method for measuring angstrom to nanometer distances in structural biology. Here, the performance of 19F ENDOR at fields of 3.4 T and 9.4 T is compared using model compounds containing one to three 19F atoms. CF3 groups are included in two compounds, for which the possible occurrence of uniaxial rotation might affect the distance distribution. At 9.4 T, pronounced asymmetric features are observed in many of the presented 19F ENDOR spectra. Data analysis by spectral simulations shows that these features arise from the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of the 19F nuclei. This asymmetry is also observed at 3.4 T, albeit to a much smaller extent, confirming the physical origin of the effect. The CSA parameters are well consistent with DFT predicted values and can be extracted from simulation of the experimental data in favourable cases, thereby providing additional information about the geometrical and electronic structure of the spin system. The feasibility of resolving the CSA at 9.4 T provides important information for the interpretation of line broadening in ENDOR spectra also at lower fields, which is relevant for developing methods to extract distance distributions from 19F ENDOR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Kehl
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hiller
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hecker
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Tkach
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Department of Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Bennati
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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8
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Electronic Structure of Tyrosyl D Radical of Photosystem II, as Revealed by 2D-Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation Spectroscopy. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological water oxidation takes place in Photosystem II (PSII), a multi-subunit protein located in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The catalytic site of PSII is a Mn4Ca cluster and is known as the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. Two tyrosine residues D1-Tyr161 (YZ) and D2-Tyr160 (YD) are symmetrically placed in the two core subunits D1 and D2 and participate in proton coupled electron transfer reactions. YZ of PSII is near the OEC and mediates electron coupled proton transfer from Mn4Ca to the photooxidizable chlorophyll species P680+. YD does not directly interact with OEC, but is crucial for modulating the various S oxidation states of the OEC. In PSII from higher plants the environment of YD• radical has been extensively characterized only in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Mn-depleted non functional PSII membranes. Here, we present a 2D-HYSCORE investigation in functional PSII of spinach to determine the electronic structure of YD• radical. The hyperfine couplings of the protons that interact with the YD• radical are determined and the relevant assignment is provided. A discussion on the similarities and differences between the present results and the results from studies performed in non functional PSII membranes from higher plants and PSII preparations from other organisms is given.
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9
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Gisriel CJ, Azai C, Cardona T. Recent advances in the structural diversity of reaction centers. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:329-343. [PMID: 34173168 PMCID: PMC8452559 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) catalyze the conversion of light to chemical energy that supports life on Earth, but they exhibit substantial diversity among different phyla. This is exemplified in a recent structure of the RC from an anoxygenic green sulfur bacterium (GsbRC) which has characteristics that may challenge the canonical view of RC classification. The GsbRC structure is analyzed and compared with other RCs, and the observations reveal important but unstudied research directions that are vital for disentangling RC evolution and diversity. Namely, (1) common themes of electron donation implicate a Ca2+ site whose role is unknown; (2) a previously unidentified lipid molecule with unclear functional significance is involved in the axial ligation of a cofactor in the electron transfer chain; (3) the GsbRC features surprising structural similarities with the distantly-related photosystem II; and (4) a structural basis for energy quenching in the GsbRC can be gleaned that exemplifies the importance of how exposure to oxygen has shaped the evolution of RCs. The analysis highlights these novel avenues of research that are critical for revealing evolutionary relationships that underpin the great diversity observed in extant RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chihiro Azai
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Oliver T, Sánchez-Baracaldo P, Larkum AW, Rutherford AW, Cardona T. Time-resolved comparative molecular evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148400. [PMID: 33617856 PMCID: PMC8047818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis starts with the oxidation of water to O2, a light-driven reaction catalysed by photosystem II. Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of water oxidation and therefore, it is assumed that the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis is a late innovation relative to the origin of life and bioenergetics. However, when exactly water oxidation originated remains an unanswered question. Here we use phylogenetic analysis to study a gene duplication event that is unique to photosystem II: the duplication that led to the evolution of the core antenna subunits CP43 and CP47. We compare the changes in the rates of evolution of this duplication with those of some of the oldest well-described events in the history of life: namely, the duplication leading to the Alpha and Beta subunits of the catalytic head of ATP synthase, and the divergence of archaeal and bacterial RNA polymerases and ribosomes. We also compare it with more recent events such as the duplication of Cyanobacteria-specific FtsH metalloprotease subunits and the radiation leading to Margulisbacteria, Sericytochromatia, Vampirovibrionia, and other clades containing anoxygenic phototrophs. We demonstrate that the ancestral core duplication of photosystem II exhibits patterns in the rates of protein evolution through geological time that are nearly identical to those of the ATP synthase, RNA polymerase, or the ribosome. Furthermore, we use ancestral sequence reconstruction in combination with comparative structural biology of photosystem subunits, to provide additional evidence supporting the premise that water oxidation had originated before the ancestral core duplications. Our work suggests that photosynthetic water oxidation originated closer to the origin of life and bioenergetics than can be documented based on phylogenetic or phylogenomic species trees alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Oliver
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Determining the Electronic Structure of Paramagnetic Intermediates in membrane proteins: A high-resolution 2D 1H hyperfine sublevel correlation study of the redox-active tyrosines of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Méndez-Hernández DD, Baldansuren A, Kalendra V, Charles P, Mark B, Marshall W, Molnar B, Moore TA, Lakshmi KV, Moore AL. HYSCORE and DFT Studies of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center. iScience 2020; 23:101366. [PMID: 32738611 PMCID: PMC7394912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic water-oxidation reaction is catalyzed by the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II (PSII) that comprises the Mn4CaO5 cluster, with participation of the redox-active tyrosine residue (YZ) and a hydrogen-bonded network of amino acids and water molecules. It has been proposed that the strong hydrogen bond between YZ and D1-His190 likely renders YZ kinetically and thermodynamically competent leading to highly efficient water oxidation. However, a detailed understanding of the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) at YZ remains elusive owing to the transient nature of its intermediate states involving YZ⋅. Herein, we employ a combination of high-resolution two-dimensional 14N hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy and density functional theory methods to investigate a bioinspired artificial photosynthetic reaction center that mimics the PCET process involving the YZ residue of PSII. Our results underscore the importance of proximal water molecules and charge delocalization on the electronic structure of the artificial reaction center. Structural factors are critical in the design of artificial photosynthetic systems Correlation between hyperfine couplings of the N atoms and electron spin density Spin density distribution affected by charge delocalization and explicit waters Spin density modulation by electronic coupling as observed with P680 and YZ in PSII
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian Mark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - William Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian Molnar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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13
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Ignasiak M, Frackowiak K, Pedzinski T, Davies MJ, Marciniak B. Unexpected light emission from tyrosyl radicals as a probe for tyrosine oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:12-16. [PMID: 32304751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine residues (Tyr) on proteins are a favoured site of one-electron oxidation due to their low one-electron reduction potentials. In this work, light-induced oxidation of Tyr residues was investigated using direct ionisation (via 266 nm light excitation) and sensitized photo-oxidation (by 3-carboxybenzophenone as sensitizer and 355 nm). Light emission (fluorescence) was observed at 410-440 nm as a result of Tyr oxidation. This novel light emission process is shown to be dependent on the solvent and aromatic ring substituents, however it does not depend on pH. It is proposed, that after initial formation of tyrosine phenoxyl radicals (TyrO●) by one electron-oxidation, the TyrO● absorbs a second photon to give an excited state species that undergoes subsequent light emission. The intensity of this emission depends on the Tyr concentration, and the detection of this emission can be used to identify and quantify one-electron formation of oxidized Tyr residues on proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ignasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, and Center for Advanced Technology, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Kamil Frackowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, and Center for Advanced Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pedzinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, and Center for Advanced Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michael J Davies
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bronisław Marciniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, and Center for Advanced Technology, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Mandal M, Kawashima K, Saito K, Ishikita H. Redox Potential of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in the Electron Transfer Cascade of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:249-255. [PMID: 31729876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In photosystem II (PSII), water oxidation occurs in the Mn4CaO5 cluster with the release of electrons via the redox-active tyrosine (TyrZ) to the reaction-center chlorophylls (PD1/PD2). Using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach, we report the redox potentials (Em) of these cofactors in the PSII protein environment. The Em values suggest that the Mn4CaO5 cluster, TyrZ, and PD1/PD2 form a downhill electron transfer pathway. Em for the first oxidation step, Em(S0/S1), is uniquely low (730 mV) and is ∼100 mV lower than that for the second oxidation step, Em(S1/S2) (830 mV) only when the O4 site of the Mn4CaO5 cluster is protonated in S0. The O4-water chain, which directly forms a low-barrier H-bond with the Mn4CaO5 cluster and mediates proton-coupled electron transfer in the S0 to S1 transition, explains why the second lowest oxidation state, S1, is the most stable and S0 is converted to S1 even in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mandal
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan
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15
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Dey S, Maity S, Pal K, Jana K, Sinha C. The oxidative dehydrogenation of a coumarinyl scaffold with copper ion and metal ion detection in human liver cancer cells (HepG2). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17818-17830. [PMID: 31774094 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An unsymmetrical o-phenylenediamine derivative, L (7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(1-(phenyl- (pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one), has been synthesized from (E)-N1-(phenyl(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)benzene-1,2-diamine with 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-8-carbaldehyde and characterized by X-ray, IR, 1H NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses. The X-ray structure shows L as a cyclic benzimidazole derivative, but it undergoes ring-opening upon reaction with transition metal ions. L is non-emissive in 9 : 1 (v/v) EtOH/H2O (HEPES buffer, pH 7.4) but becomes highly fluorescent upon Zn2+ coordination, and the emissive Zn(ii) complex undergoes transmetallation in the presence of Cu2+ ions specifically, followed by amine to imine oxidation, i.e. an oxidative dehydrogenation (OD) reaction -(2e + 2H+) occurs. The transmetallation of Zn2+ from the complex by Cu2+ (CuCl2) separated the non-emissive X-ray diffractable crystal of [Cu(L'')Cl] (L'' = amine oxidized form of L). A square pyramidal [Cu(L'')][ClO4] complex was also isolated from the reaction of L with Cu(CH3CN)4(ClO4) in the presence of air, and in this complex the amine is also oxidized to the imine. Here, copper ions in the presence of air play an important role in the OD reaction of L as determined by EPR and cyclic voltammetry studies. The ligand, L, is used for Zn2+ ion recovery from a municipally supplied water sample. A paper strip detection kit for Zn2+ and Cu2+ is designed using L. The ligand is also used for intracellular Zn2+ detection in a human liver cancer cell line (HepG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India and Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700056, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700056, India
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16
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Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Microsolvation of the Redox-Active Tyrosine-D in Photosystem II: Correlation of Energetics with EPR Spectroscopy and Oxidation-Induced Proton Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3217-3231. [PMID: 30666866 PMCID: PMC6728127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photosystem
II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthesis captures sunlight
to drive the catalytic oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone.
Among the several redox-active cofactors that participate in intricate
electron transfer pathways there are two tyrosine residues, YZ and YD. They are situated in symmetry-related
electron transfer branches but have different environments and play
distinct roles. YZ is the immediate oxidant of the oxygen-evolving
Mn4CaO5 cluster, whereas YD serves
regulatory and protective functions. The protonation states and hydrogen-bond
network in the environment of YD remain debated, while
the role of microsolvation in stabilizing different redox states of
YD and facilitating oxidation or mediating deprotonation,
as well the fate of the phenolic proton, is unclear. Here we present
detailed structural models of YD and its environment using
large-scale quantum mechanical models and all-atom molecular dynamics
of a complete PSII monomer. The energetics of water distribution within
a hydrophobic cavity adjacent to YD are shown to correlate
directly with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters such
as the tyrosyl g-tensor, allowing us to map the correspondence
between specific structural models and available experimental observations.
EPR spectra obtained under different conditions are explained with
respect to the mode of interaction of the proximal water with the
tyrosyl radical and the position of the phenolic proton within the
cavity. Our results revise previous models of the energetics and build
a detailed view of the role of confined water in the oxidation and
deprotonation of YD. Finally, the model of microsolvation
developed in the present work rationalizes in a straightforward way
the biphasic oxidation kinetics of YD, offering new structural
insights regarding the function of the radical in biological photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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17
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Chai J, Zheng Z, Pan H, Zhang S, Lakshmi KV, Sun YY. Significance of hydrogen bonding networks in the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions of photosystem II from a quantum-mechanics perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8721-8728. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All quantum-mechanical calculations provide insights into the effect of the hydrogen bonding network on the proton-coupled electron transfer at YZ and YD in photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201899
- China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Hui Pan
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau
- Taipa
- China
| | - Shengbai Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Applied Physics, and Astronomy
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Yi-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201899
- China
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18
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Gass IA, Lu J, Ojha R, Asadi M, Lupton DW, Geoghegan BL, Moubaraki B, Martin LL, Bond AM, Murray KS. [FeII(L•)2][TCNQF4•−]2: A Redox-Active Double Radical Salt. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [FeII(L•)2][BF4]2 with LiTCNQF4 results in the formation of [FeII(L•)2][TCNQF4•−]2·2CH3CN (1) (L• is the neutral aminoxyl radical ligand 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-di(2-pyridyl)oxazolidine-N-oxide; TCNQF4 is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction; Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies; and electrochemical studies are all consistent with the presence of a low-spin FeII ion, the neutral radical form (L•) of the ligand, and the radical anion TCNQF4•−. 1 is largely diamagnetic and the electrochemistry shows five well-resolved, diffusion-controlled, reversible one-electron processes.
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19
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Morris JN, Kovács S, Vass I, Summerfield TC, Eaton-Rye JJ. Environmental pH and a Glu364 to Gln mutation in the chlorophyll-binding CP47 protein affect redox-active TyrD and charge recombination in Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:163-174. [PMID: 30485416 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Photosystem II, loop E of the chlorophyll-binding CP47 protein is located near a redox-active tyrosine, YD , forming a symmetrical analog to loop E in CP43, which provides a ligand to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). A Glu364 to Gln substitution in CP47, near YD , does not affect growth in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803; however, deletion of the extrinsic protein PsbV in this mutant leads to a strain displaying a pH-sensitive phenotype. Using thermoluminescence, chlorophyll fluorescence, and flash-induced oxygen evolution analyses, we demonstrate that Glu364 influences the stability of YD and the redox state of the OEC, and highlight the effects of external pH on photosynthetic electron transfer in intact cyanobacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaz N Morris
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sándor Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Alaji Z, Safaei E, Yi H, Cong H, Wojtczak A, Lei A. Redox active ligand and metal cooperation for C(sp 2)-H oxidation: extension of the galactose oxidase mechanism in water-mediated amide formation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15293-15297. [PMID: 30325380 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03477j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox interplay between a ligand and a metal can provide a profound driving force for the promotion of unprecedented reactions. This work presents an intriguing water-assisted oxidative transformation of imine to amide with no formal change in the metal oxidation state in the copper and nickel complexes of an aminophenol ligand versus a zinc analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alaji
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
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21
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Shamsipur M, Pashabadi A. Latest advances in PSII features and mechanism of water oxidation. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Kawashima K, Ishikita H. Energetic insights into two electron transfer pathways in light-driven energy-converting enzymes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4083-4092. [PMID: 29780537 PMCID: PMC5944228 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report Em values of (bacterio-)chlorophylls for one-electron reduction in both electron-transfer branches of PbRC, PSI, and PSII.
We report redox potentials (Em) for one-electron reduction for all chlorophylls in the two electron-transfer branches of water-oxidizing enzyme photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI), and purple bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (PbRC). In PSI, Em values for the accessory chlorophylls were similar in both electron-transfer branches. In PbRC, the corresponding Em value was 170 mV less negative in the active L-branch (BL) than in the inactive M-branch (BM), favoring BL˙– formation. This contrasted with the corresponding chlorophylls, ChlD1 and ChlD2, in PSII, where Em(ChlD1) was 120 mV more negative than Em(ChlD2), implying that to rationalize electron transfer in the D1-branch, ChlD1 would need to serve as the primary electron donor. Residues that contributed to Em(ChlD1) < Em(ChlD2) simultaneously played a key role in (i) releasing protons from the substrate water molecules and (ii) contributing to the larger cationic population on the chlorophyll closest to the Mn4CaO5 cluster (PD1), favoring electron transfer from water molecules. These features seem to be the nature of PSII, which needs to possess the proton-exit pathway to use a protonated electron source—water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan .
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan . .,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan . ; Tel: +81-3-5452-5056
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23
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Beal NJ, Corry TA, O'Malley PJ. A Comparison of Experimental and Broken Symmetry Density Functional Theory (BS-DFT) Calculated Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Parameters for Intermediates Involved in the S 2 to S 3 State Transition of Nature's Oxygen Evolving Complex. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1394-1407. [PMID: 29300480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A broken symmetry density functional theory (BS-DFT) magnetic analysis of the S2, S2YZ•, and S3 states of Nature's oxygen evolving complex is performed for both the native Ca and Sr substituted forms. Good agreement with experiment is observed between the tyrosyl calculated g-tensor and 1H hyperfine couplings for the native Ca form. Changes in the hydrogen bonding environment of the tyrosyl radical in S2YZ• caused by Sr substitution lead to notable changes in the calculated g-tensor of the tyrosyl radical. Comparison of calculated and experimental 55Mn hyperfine couplings for the S3 state presently favors an open cubane form of the complex with an additional OH ligand coordinating to MnD. In Ca models, this additional ligation can arise by closed-cubane form deprotonation of the Ca ligand W3 in the S2YZ• state accompanied by spontaneous movement to the vacant Mn coordination site or by addition of an external OH group. For the Sr form, no spontaneous movement of W3 to the vacant Mn coordination site is observed in contrast to the native Ca form, a difference which may lead to the reduced catalytic activity of the Sr substituted form. BS-DFT studies on peroxo models of S3 as indicated by a recent X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) crystallography study give rise to a structural model compatible with experimental data and an S = 3 ground state compatible with EPR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Beal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas A Corry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Patrick J O'Malley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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24
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Safaei E, Alaji Z, Panahi F, Wojtczak A, Jagličić JZ. Synthesis and characterization of a novel oxo-bridged binuclear iron( iii) complex: its catalytic application in the synthesis of benzoxazoles using benzyl alcohol in water. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxo-bridged binuclear iron(iii) complex was found to be an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of benzoxazoles from benzyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Alaji
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | | | - Janez Zvonko Jagličić
- Institute of Mathematics
- Physics and Mechanics & Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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25
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Ahmadova N, Ho FM, Styring S, Mamedov F. Tyrozine D oxidation and redox equilibrium in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:407-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Sjöholm J, Ho F, Ahmadova N, Brinkert K, Hammarström L, Mamedov F, Styring S. The protonation state around Tyr D /Tyr D • in photosystem II is reflected in its biphasic oxidation kinetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Shoji M, Isobe H, Nakajima T, Shigeta Y, Suga M, Akita F, Shen JR, Yamaguchi K. Large-scale QM/MM calculations of the CaMn4O5 cluster in the S3 state of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II. Comparison between water-inserted and no water-inserted structures. Faraday Discuss 2017; 198:83-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale QM/MM calculations were performed to elucidate an optimized geometrical structure of a CaMn4O5 cluster with and without water insertion in the S3 state of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). The left (L)-opened structure was found to be stable under the assumption of no hydroxide anion insertion in the S3 state, whereas the right (R)-opened structure became more stable if one water molecule is inserted to the Mn4Ca cluster. The optimized Mna(4)–Mnd(1) distance determined by QM/MM was about 5.0 Å for the S3 structure without an inserted hydroxide anion, but this is elongated by 0.2–0.3 Å after insertion. These computational results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of O–O bond formation in water oxidation by the OEC of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Isobe
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | | | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
| | - Michihiro Suga
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science
- Kobe
- Japan
- Institute for NanoScience Design
- Osaka University
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28
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The two Dps proteins, NpDps2 and NpDps5, are involved in light-induced oxidative stress tolerance in the N 2-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1766-1776. [PMID: 27528559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that are considered biotechnologically prominent organisms for production of high-value compounds. Cyanobacteria are subject to high-light intensities, which is a challenge that needs to be addressed in design of efficient bio-engineered photosynthetic organisms. Dps proteins are members of the ferritin superfamily and are omnipresent in prokaryotes. They play a major role in oxidative stress protection and iron homeostasis. The filamentous, heterocyst-forming Nostoc punctiforme, has five Dps proteins. In this study we elucidated the role of these Dps proteins in acclimation to high light intensity, the gene loci organization and the transcriptional regulation of all five dps genes in N. punctiforme was revealed, and dps-deletion mutant strains were used in physiological characterization. Two mutants defective in Dps2 and Dps5 activity displayed a reduced fitness under increased illumination, as well as a differential Photosystem (PS) stoichiometry, with an elevated Photosystem II to Photosystem I ratio in the dps5 deletion strain. This work establishes a Dps-mediated link between light tolerance, H2O2 detoxification, and iron homeostasis, and provides further evidence on the non-redundant role of multiple Dps proteins in this multicellular cyanobacterium.
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29
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Pham LV, Messinger J. Probing S-state advancements and recombination pathways in photosystem II with a global fit program for flash-induced oxygen evolution pattern. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:848-59. [PMID: 27033305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II catalyzes the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Four decades ago, measurements of flash-induced oxygen evolution have shown that the OEC steps through oxidation states S(0), S(1), S(2), S(3) and S(4) before O(2) is released and the S(0) state is reformed. The light-induced transitions between these states involve misses and double hits. While it is widely accepted that the miss parameter is S state dependent and may be further modulated by the oxidation state of the acceptor side, the traditional way of analyzing each flash-induced oxygen evolution pattern (FIOP) individually did not allow using enough free parameters to thoroughly test this proposal. Furthermore, this approach does not allow assessing whether the presently known recombination processes in photosystem II fully explain all measured oxygen yields during Si state lifetime measurements. Here we present a global fit program that simultaneously fits all flash-induced oxygen yields of a standard FIOP (2 Hz flash frequency) and of 11-18 FIOPs each obtained while probing the S(0), S(2) and S(3) state lifetimes in spinach thylakoids at neutral pH. This comprehensive data treatment demonstrates the presence of a very slow phase of S(2) decay, in addition to the commonly discussed fast and slow reduction of S(2) by YD and QB(-), respectively. Our data support previous suggestions that the S(0)→S(1) and S(1)→S(2) transitions involve low or no misses, while high misses occur in the S(2)→S(3) or S(3)→S(0) transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Vo Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Biology Center (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Biology Center (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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30
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Nakamura S, Noguchi T. Infrared Detection of a Proton Released from Tyrosine YD to the Bulk upon Its Photo-oxidation in Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5045-53. [PMID: 26241205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) has two symmetrically located, redox-active tyrosine residues, YZ and YD. Whereas YZ mediates the electron transfer from the water-oxidizing center to P680 in the main electron transfer pathway, YD functions as a peripheral electron donor to P680. To understand the mechanism of this functional difference between YZ and YD, it is essential to know where the proton is transferred upon its oxidation in the proton-coupled electron transfer process. In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to examine whether the proton from YD is released from the protein into the bulk. The proton detection method previously used for water oxidation in PSII [Suzuki et al. (2009) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 7849-7857] was applied to YD; a proton released into the bulk upon YD oxidation was trapped by a high-concentration Mes buffer, and the protonation reaction of Mes was monitored by FTIR difference spectroscopy. It was shown that 0.84 ± 0.10 protons are released into the bulk by oxidation of YD in one PSII center. This result indicates that the proton of YD is not transferred to the neighboring D2-His198 but is released from the protein; this is in sharp contrast to the YZ reaction, in which a proton is transferred to D1-His190 through a strong hydrogen bond. This functional difference is caused by differences in the hydrogen-bonded structures of YD and YZ, which are determined by the hydrogen bond partners at the Nπ sites of these His residues, i.e., D2-Arg294 and D1-Asn298, which function as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, respectively. This FTIR spectroscopy result supports the recent theoretical prediction [Saito et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 7690-7695] based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of PSII and explains the different rates of the redox reactions of YD and YZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakamura
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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Migliore A, Polizzi NF, Therien M, Beratan DN. Biochemistry and theory of proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3381-465. [PMID: 24684625 PMCID: PMC4317057 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Migliore
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Polizzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael
J. Therien
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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32
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Linke K, Ho FM. Water in Photosystem II: Structural, functional and mechanistic considerations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:14-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ishikita H, Saito K. Proton transfer reactions and hydrogen-bond networks in protein environments. J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130518. [PMID: 24284891 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In protein environments, proton transfer reactions occur along polar or charged residues and isolated water molecules. These species consist of H-bond networks that serve as proton transfer pathways; therefore, thorough understanding of H-bond energetics is essential when investigating proton transfer reactions in protein environments. When the pKa values (or proton affinity) of the H-bond donor and acceptor moieties are equal, significantly short, symmetric H-bonds can be formed between the two, and proton transfer reactions can occur in an efficient manner. However, such short, symmetric H-bonds are not necessarily stable when they are situated near the protein bulk surface, because the condition of matching pKa values is opposite to that required for the formation of strong salt bridges, which play a key role in protein-protein interactions. To satisfy the pKa matching condition and allow for proton transfer reactions, proteins often adjust the pKa via electron transfer reactions or H-bond pattern changes. In particular, when a symmetric H-bond is formed near the protein bulk surface as a result of one of these phenomena, its instability often results in breakage, leading to large changes in protein conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, , Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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Bao H, Dilbeck PL, Burnap RL. Proton transport facilitating water-oxidation: the role of second sphere ligands surrounding the catalytic metal cluster. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:215-229. [PMID: 23975203 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of PSII to extract electrons from water, with molecular oxygen as a by-product, is a remarkable biochemical and evolutionary innovation. From an evolutionary perspective, the invention of PSII approximately 2.7 Ga led to the accelerated accumulation of biomass in the biosphere and the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere, a combination that allowed for the evolution of a much more complex and extensive biosphere than would otherwise have been possible. From the biochemical and enzymatic perspective, PSII is remarkable because of the thermodynamic and kinetic obstacles that needed to have been overcome to oxidize water as the ultimate photosynthetic electron donor. This article focuses on how proton release is an integral part of how these kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles have been overcome: the sequential removal of protons from the active site of H2O-oxidation facilitates the multistep oxidation of the substrate water at the Mn4CaOx, the catalytic heart of the H2O-oxidation reaction. As noted previously, the facilitated deprotonation of the Mn4CaOx cluster exerts a redox-leveling function preventing the accumulation of excess positive charge on the cluster, which might otherwise hinder the already energetically difficult oxidation of water. Using recent results, including the characteristics of site-directed mutants, the role of the second sphere of amino acid ligands and the associated network of water molecules surrounding the Mn4CaOx is discussed in relation to proton transport in other systems. In addition to the redox-leveling function, a trapping function is assigned to the proton release step occurring immediately prior to the dioxygen chemistry. This trapping appears to involve a yet-to-be clarified gating mechanism that facilitates to coordinated release of a proton from the neighborhood of the active site thereby insuring that the backward charge-recombination reaction does not out-compete the forward reaction of dioxygen chemistry during this final step of H2O-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 307 Life Sciences East, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Abstract
Using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations and the 1.9-Å crystal structure of Photosystem II [Umena Y, Kawakami K, Shen J-R, Kamiya N (2011) Nature 473(7345):55-60], we investigated the H-bonding environment of the redox-active tyrosine D (TyrD) and obtained insights that help explain its slow redox kinetics and the stability of TyrD(•). The water molecule distal to TyrD, located ~4 Å away from the phenolic O of TyrD, corresponds to the presence of the tyrosyl radical state. The water molecule proximal to TyrD, in H-bonding distance to the phenolic O of TyrD, corresponds to the presence of the unoxidized tyrosine. The H(+) released on oxidation of TyrD is transferred to the proximal water, which shifts to the distal position, triggering a concerted proton transfer pathway involving D2-Arg180 and a series of waters, through which the proton reaches the aqueous phase at D2-His61. The water movement linked to the ejection of the proton from the hydrophobic environment near TyrD makes oxidation slow and quasiirreversible, explaining the great stability of the TyrD(•). A symmetry-related proton pathway associated with tyrosine Z is pointed out, and this is associated with one of the Cl(-) sites. This may represent a proton pathway functional in the water oxidation cycle.
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36
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Feyziyev Y, Deák Z, Styring S, Bernát G. Electron transfer from Cyt b(559) and tyrosine-D to the S2 and S3 states of the water oxidizing complex in photosystem II at cryogenic temperatures. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 45:111-20. [PMID: 23104119 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mn(4)CaO(5) cluster of photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the oxidation of water to molecular oxygen through the light-driven redox S-cycle. The water oxidizing complex (WOC) forms a triad with Tyrosine(Z) and P(680), which mediates electrons from water towards the acceptor side of PSII. Under certain conditions two other redox-active components, Tyrosine(D) (Y(D)) and Cytochrome b(559) (Cyt b(559)) can also interact with the S-states. In the present work we investigate the electron transfer from Cyt b(559) and Y(D) to the S(2) and S(3) states at 195 K. First, Y(D)(•) and Cyt b(559) were chemically reduced. The S(2) and S(3) states were then achieved by application of one or two laser flashes, respectively, on samples stabilized in the S(1) state. EPR signals of the WOC (the S(2)-state multiline signal, ML-S(2)), Y(D)(•) and oxidized Cyt b(559) were simultaneously detected during a prolonged dark incubation at 195 K. During 163 days of incubation a large fraction of the S(2) population decayed to S(1) in the S(2) samples by following a single exponential decay. Differently, S(3) samples showed an initial increase in the ML-S(2) intensity (due to S(3) to S(2) conversion) and a subsequent slow decay due to S(2) to S(1) conversion. In both cases, only a minor oxidation of Y(D) was observed. In contrast, the signal intensity of the oxidized Cyt b(559) showed a two-fold increase in both the S(2) and S(3) samples. The electron donation from Cyt b(559) was much more efficient to the S(2) state than to the S(3) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Feyziyev
- Institute of Botany, 40 Patamdar Shosse, AZ-1073 Baku, Azerbaijan
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37
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Suzuki H, Sugiura M, Noguchi T. Determination of the Miss Probabilities of Individual S-State Transitions during Photosynthetic Water Oxidation by Monitoring Electron Flow in Photosystem II Using FTIR Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6776-85. [DOI: 10.1021/bi300708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Material Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Cell-Free Science and Technology
Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama,
Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawagchi,
Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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38
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Weinberg DR, Gagliardi CJ, Hull JF, Murphy CF, Kent CA, Westlake BC, Paul A, Ess DH, McCafferty DG, Meyer TJ. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4016-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1125] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Weinberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
- Department of Physical and Environmental
Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction,
Colorado 81501-3122, United States
| | - Christopher J. Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Jonathan F. Hull
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Christine Fecenko Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, B219
Levine Science Research Center, Box 90354, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Caleb A. Kent
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Brittany C. Westlake
- The American Chemical Society,
1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20036,
United States
| | - Amit Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Dewey Granville McCafferty
- Department
of Chemistry, B219
Levine Science Research Center, Box 90354, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
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39
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Bonin J, Robert M. Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers in Biorelevant Phenolic Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1190-203. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Barry BA. Proton coupled electron transfer and redox active tyrosines in Photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2011; 104:60-71. [PMID: 21419640 PMCID: PMC3164834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, progress in understanding proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) in Photosystem II is reviewed. Changes in acidity/basicity may accompany oxidation/reduction reactions in biological catalysis. Alterations in the proton transfer pathway can then be used to alter the rates of the electron transfer reactions. Studies of the bioenergetic complexes have played a central role in advancing our understanding of PCET. Because oxidation of the tyrosine results in deprotonation of the phenolic oxygen, redox active tyrosines are involved in PCET reactions in several enzymes. This review focuses on PCET involving the redox active tyrosines in Photosystem II. Photosystem II catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Photosystem II provides a paradigm for the study of redox active tyrosines, because this photosynthetic reaction center contains two tyrosines with different roles in catalysis. The tyrosines, YZ and YD, exhibit differences in kinetics and midpoint potentials, and these differences may be due to noncovalent interactions with the protein environment. Here, studies of YD and YZ and relevant model compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette A Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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41
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Sedoud A, Cox N, Sugiura M, Lubitz W, Boussac A, Rutherford AW. Semiquinone–Iron Complex of Photosystem II: EPR Signals Assigned to the Low-Field Edge of the Ground State Doublet of QA•–Fe2+ and QB•–Fe2+. Biochemistry 2011; 50:6012-21. [DOI: 10.1021/bi200313p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezki Sedoud
- iBiTec-S, CNRS URA 2096, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicholas Cox
- MPI für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- MPI für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alain Boussac
- iBiTec-S, CNRS URA 2096, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. William Rutherford
- iBiTec-S, CNRS URA 2096, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College, London SW4 2AZ, U.K
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42
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Styring S, Sjöholm J, Mamedov F. Two tyrosines that changed the world: Interfacing the oxidizing power of photochemistry to water splitting in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:76-87. [PMID: 21557928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), the thylakoid membrane enzyme which uses sunlight to oxidize water to molecular oxygen, holds many organic and inorganic redox cofactors participating in the electron transfer reactions. Among them, two tyrosine residues, Tyr-Z and Tyr-D are found on the oxidizing side of PSII. Both tyrosines demonstrate similar spectroscopic features while their kinetic characteristics are quite different. Tyr-Z, which is bound to the D1 core protein, acts as an intermediate in electron transfer between the primary donor, P(680) and the CaMn₄ cluster. In contrast, Tyr-D, which is bound to the D2 core protein, does not participate in linear electron transfer in PSII and stays fully oxidized during PSII function. The phenolic oxygens on both tyrosines form well-defined hydrogen bonds to nearby histidine residues, His(Z) and His(D) respectively. These hydrogen bonds allow swift and almost activation less movement of the proton between respective tyrosine and histidine. This proton movement is critical and the phenolic proton from the tyrosine is thought to toggle between the tyrosine and the histidine in the hydrogen bond. It is found towards the tyrosine when this is reduced and towards the histidine when the tyrosine is oxidized. The proton movement occurs at both room temperature and ultra low temperature and is sensitive to the pH. Essentially it has been found that when the pH is below the pK(a) for respective histidine the function of the tyrosine is slowed down or, at ultra low temperature, halted. This has important consequences for the function also of the CaMn₄ complex and the protonation reactions as the critical Tyr-His hydrogen bond also steer a multitude of reactions at the CaMn₄ cluster. This review deals with the discovery and functional assignments of the two tyrosines. The pH dependent phenomena involved in oxidation and reduction of respective tyrosine is covered in detail. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stenbjörn Styring
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department for Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Angström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Fagerlund RD, Eaton-Rye JJ. The lipoproteins of cyanobacterial photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:191-203. [PMID: 21349737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) complexes from cyanobacteria and plants perform water splitting and plastoquinone reduction and yet have a different complement of lumenal extrinsic proteins. Whereas PSII from all organisms has the PsbO extrinsic protein, crystal structures of PSII from cyanobacteria have PsbV and PsbU while green algae and higher plants instead contain the extrinsic PsbP and PsbQ subunits. Proteomic studies in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 identified three further extrinsic proteins in the thylakoid lumen that are associated with cyanobacterial PSII and these are predicted to attach to the thylakoid membrane via a lipidated N-terminus. These proteins are cyanobacterial homologues to the PsbP and PsbQ subunits as well as to Psb27, an additional extrinsic protein associated with "inactive" photosystems that lack the other extrinsic polypeptides. The PsbQ homologue is not present in Prochlorococcus species but otherwise these proteins have been identified in most cyanobacteria although our phylogenetic analyses identified some strains that lack an apparent motif for lipidation in one or other of these subunits. Over the past decade the physiological function of these additional lipoproteins has been investigated in several cyanobacterial strains and recently the structures for each have been solved. This review will evaluate the physiological and structural results obtained for these lipid-attached extrinsic proteins and in silico protein docking of these proteins to PSII centers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Fagerlund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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44
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Effects of formate binding on the quinone–iron electron acceptor complex of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:216-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Havelius KGV, Su JH, Han G, Mamedov F, Ho FM, Styring S. The formation of the split EPR signal from the S(3) state of Photosystem II does not involve primary charge separation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:11-21. [PMID: 20863810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metalloradical EPR signals have been found in intact Photosystem II at cryogenic temperatures. They reflect the light-driven formation of the tyrosine Z radical (Y(Z)) in magnetic interaction with the CaMn(4) cluster in a particular S state. These so-called split EPR signals, induced at cryogenic temperatures, provide means to study the otherwise transient Y(Z) and to probe the S states with EPR spectroscopy. In the S(0) and S(1) states, the respective split signals are induced by illumination of the sample in the visible light range only. In the S(3) state the split EPR signal is induced irrespective of illumination wavelength within the entire 415-900nm range (visible and near-IR region) [Su, J. H., Havelius, K. G. V., Ho, F. M., Han, G., Mamedov, F., and Styring, S. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 10703-10712]. An important question is whether a single mechanism can explain the induction of the Split S(3) signal across the entire wavelength range or whether wavelength-dependent mechanisms are required. In this paper we confirm that the Y(Z) radical formation in the S(1) state, reflected in the Split S(1) signal, is driven by P680-centered charge separation. The situation in the S(3) state is different. In Photosystem II centers with pre-reduced quinone A (Q(A)), where the P680-centered charge separation is blocked, the Split S(3) EPR signal could still be induced in the majority of the Photosystem II centers using both visible and NIR (830nm) light. This shows that P680-centered charge separation is not involved. The amount of oxidized electron donors and reduced electron acceptors (Q(A)(-)) was well correlated after visible light illumination at cryogenic temperatures in the S(1) state. This was not the case in the S(3) state, where the Split S(3) EPR signal was formed in the majority of the centers in a pathway other than P680-centered charge separation. Instead, we propose that one mechanism exists over the entire wavelength interval to drive the formation of the Split S(3) signal. The origin for this, probably involving excitation of one of the Mn ions in the CaMn(4) cluster in Photosystem II, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa G V Havelius
- Molecular Biomimetrics, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Sciences, Uppsala University, The Angström Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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47
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Keßen S, Teutloff C, Kern J, Zouni A, Bittl R. High-Field 2H-Mims-ENDOR Spectroscopy on PSII Single Crystals: Hydrogen Bonding of YD. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1275-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Hart R, O'Malley PJ. A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of the tyrosine residue, TyrD, of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:250-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Jenson DL, Barry BA. Proton-coupled electron transfer in photosystem II: proton inventory of a redox active tyrosine. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10567-73. [PMID: 19586025 PMCID: PMC2846377 DOI: 10.1021/ja902896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light driven oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone. PSII is a multisubunit membrane protein; the D1 and D2 polypeptides form the heterodimeric core of the PSII complex. Water oxidation occurs at a manganese-containing oxygen evolving complex (OEC). PSII contains two redox active tyrosines, Y(Z) and Y(D), which form the neutral tyrosyl radicals, Y(z)(*) and Y(D)(*). Y(D) has been assigned as tyrosine 160 in the D2 polypeptide through isotopic labeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Whereas Y(D) is not directly involved in the oxidation of water, it has been implicated in the formation and stabilization of the OEC. PSII structures have shown Y(D) to be within hydrogen-bonding distance of histidine 189 in the D2 polypeptide. Spectroscopic studies have suggested that a proton is transferred between Y(D) and histidine 189 when Y(D) is oxidized and reduced. In our previous work, we used (2)H(2)O solvent exchange to demonstrate that the mechanism of Y(D) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) differs at high and low pH. In this article, we utilize the proton inventory technique to obtain more information concerning PCET mechanism at high pH. The hypercurvature of the proton inventory data provides evidence for the existence of multiple, proton-donation pathways to Y(D)(*). In addition, at least one of these pathways must involve the transfer of more than one proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Jenson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Bridgette A. Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Szczepaniak M, Sander J, Nowaczyk M, Müller MG, Rögner M, Holzwarth AR. Charge separation, stabilization, and protein relaxation in photosystem II core particles with closed reaction center. Biophys J 2009; 96:621-31. [PMID: 19167309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence kinetics of cyanobacterial photosystem II (PSII) core particles with closed reaction centers (RCs) were studied with picosecond resolution. The data are modeled in terms of electron transfer (ET) and associated protein conformational relaxation processes, resolving four different radical pair (RP) states. The target analyses reveal the importance of protein relaxation steps in the ET chain for the functioning of PSII. We also tested previously published data on cyanobacterial PSII with open RCs using models that involved protein relaxation steps as suggested by our data on closed RCs. The rationale for this reanalysis is that at least one short-lived component could not be described in the previous simpler models. This new analysis supports the involvement of a protein relaxation step for open RCs as well. In this model the rate of ET from reduced pheophytin to the primary quinone Q(A) is determined to be 4.1 ns(-1). The rate of initial charge separation is slowed down substantially from approximately 170 ns(-1) in PSII with open RCs to 56 ns(-1) upon reduction of Q(A). However, the free-energy drop of the first RP is not changed substantially between the two RC redox states. The currently assumed mechanistic model, assuming the same early RP intermediates in both states of RC, is inconsistent with the presented energetics of the RPs. Additionally, a comparison between PSII with closed RCs in isolated cores and in intact cells reveals slightly different relaxation kinetics, with a approximately 3.7 ns component present only in isolated cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szczepaniak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Ruhr, Germany
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