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Krynická V, Komenda J. The role of FtsH complexes in the response to abiotic stress in cyanobacteria. Plant Cell Physiol 2024:pcae042. [PMID: 38619128 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
FtsH proteases (FtsHs) belong to intramembrane ATP-dependent metalloproteases which are widely distributed in eubacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The best studied role of FtsH in Escherichia coli includes quality control of membrane proteins, regulation of response to heat shock, superoxide stress and viral infection, and control of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. While heterotrophic bacteria mostly contain a single indispensable FtsH complex, the photosynthetic cyanobacteria usually contain three FtsH complexes: two heterocomplexes and one homocomplex. The essential cytoplasmic FtsH1/3 most probably fulfils a role similar to other bacterial FtsHs whereas the thylakoid FtsH2/3 heterocomplex and FtsH4 homocomplex appear to maintain the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria and optimize its functionality. Moreover, recent studies suggested involvement of all FtsH proteases in a complex response to nutrient stresses. In this review, we aim to comprehensively review the functions of the cyanobacterial FtsH complexes specifically under stress conditions with emphasis on nutrient deficiency and high irradiance. We also point to various unresolved issues concerning the FtsH functions, which deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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2
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Bae S, Kim M, Jo N, Kim KM, Lee C, Kwon TH, Nam YS, Ryu J. Amine-Rich Hydrogels for Molecular Nanoarchitectonics of Photosystem II and Inverse Opal TiO 2 toward Solar Water Oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16086-16095. [PMID: 38506502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Solar water oxidation is a crucial process in light-driven reductive synthesis, providing electrons and protons for various chemical reductions. Despite advances in light-harvesting materials and cocatalysts, achieving high efficiency and stability remains challenging. In this study, we present a simple yet effective strategy for immobilizing natural photosystems (PS) made of abundant and inexpensive elements, using amine-rich polyethylenimine (PEI) hydrogels, to fabricate organic/inorganic hybrid photoanodes. Natural PS II extracted from spinach was successfully immobilized on inverse opal TiO2 photoanodes in the presence of PEI hydrogels, leading to greatly enhanced solar water oxidation activity. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analyses reveal that PS II can be immobilized in specific orientations through electrostatic interactions between the positively charged amine groups of PEI and the negatively charged stromal side of PS II. This specific orientation ensures efficient photogenerated charge separation and suppresses undesired side reactions such as the production of reactive oxygen species. Our study provides an effective immobilization platform and sheds light on the potential utilization of PS II in PEC water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Bae
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyeongbeen Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungki Ryu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang J, Zhong H, Xuan N, Mushtaq R, Shao Y, Cao X, Wang P, Chen G. The Na + /Ca 2+ antiporter slr0681 affects carotenoid production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under high-light stress. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3147-3155. [PMID: 38072645 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids play key roles in photosynthesis and are widely used in foods as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Enhancing carotenoid production in microalgae via biotechnology has become an important area of research. RESULTS We knocked out the Na+ /Ca2+ antiporter gene slr0681 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via homologous recombination and evaluated the effects on carotenoid production under normal (NL) and high-light (HL) conditions. On day 7 of NL treatment in calcium ion (Ca2+ )-free medium, the cell density of Δslr0681 decreased by 29% compared to the wild type (WT). After 8 days of HL treatment, the total carotenoid contents decreased by 35% in Δslr0681, and the contents of individual carotenoids were altered: myxoxanthophyll, echinenone, and β-carotene contents increased by 10%, 50%, and 40%, respectively, while zeaxanthin contents decreased by ~40% in Δslr0681 versus the WT. The expression patterns of carotenoid metabolic pathway genes also differed: ipi expression increased by 1.2- to 8.5-fold, whereas crtO and crtR expression decreased by ~90% and 60%, respectively, in ∆slr0681 versus the WT. In addition, in ∆slr0681, the expression level of psaB (encoding a photosystem I structural protein) doubled, whereas the expression levels of the photosystem II genes psbA2 and psbD decreased by ~53% and 84%, respectively, compared to the WT. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that slr0681 plays important roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and structuring of the photosystems in Synechocystis sp. This study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic engineering of microalgae photosystems to increase their economic benefits and lays the foundation for developing microalgae germplasm resources with high carotenoid contents. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huairong Zhong
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Xuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Rubina Mushtaq
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yahui Shao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengchong Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
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Flannery SE, Pastorelli F, Emrich‐Mills TZ, Casson SA, Hunter CN, Dickman MJ, Jackson PJ, Johnson MP. STN7 is not essential for developmental acclimation of Arabidopsis to light intensity. Plant J 2023; 114:1458-1474. [PMID: 36960687 PMCID: PMC10952155 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to changing light intensity in the short term through regulation of light harvesting, electron transfer, and metabolism to mitigate redox stress. A sustained shift in light intensity leads to a long-term acclimation response (LTR). This involves adjustment in the stoichiometry of photosynthetic complexes through de novo synthesis and degradation of specific proteins associated with the thylakoid membrane. The light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) serine/threonine kinase STN7 plays a key role in short-term light harvesting regulation and was also suggested to be crucial to the LTR. Arabidopsis plants lacking STN7 (stn7) shifted to low light experience higher photosystem II (PSII) redox pressure than the wild type or those lacking the cognate phosphatase TAP38 (tap38), while the reverse is true at high light, where tap38 suffers more. In principle, the LTR should allow optimisation of the stoichiometry of photosynthetic complexes to mitigate these effects. We used quantitative label-free proteomics to assess how the relative abundance of photosynthetic proteins varied with growth light intensity in wild-type, stn7, and tap38 plants. All plants were able to adjust photosystem I, LHCII, cytochrome b6 f, and ATP synthase abundance with changing white light intensity, demonstrating neither STN7 nor TAP38 is crucial to the LTR per se. However, stn7 plants grown for several weeks at low light (LL) or moderate light (ML) still showed high PSII redox pressure and correspondingly lower PSII efficiency, CO2 assimilation, and leaf area compared to wild-type and tap38 plants, hence the LTR is unable to fully ameliorate these symptoms. In contrast, under high light growth conditions the mutants and wild type behaved similarly. These data are consistent with the paramount role of STN7-dependent LHCII phosphorylation in tuning PSII redox state for optimal growth in LL and ML conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Flannery
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Federica Pastorelli
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Thomas Z. Emrich‐Mills
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Stuart A. Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldUK
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Schröder P, Hsu BY, Gutsche N, Winkler JB, Hedtke B, Grimm B, Schwechheimer C. B-GATA factors are required to repress high-light stress responses in Marchantia polymorpha and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2023. [PMID: 37254806 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
GATAs are evolutionarily conserved zinc-finger transcription factors from eukaryotes. In plants, GATAs can be subdivided into four classes, A-D, based on their DNA-binding domain, and into further subclasses based on additional protein motifs. B-GATAs with a so-called leucine-leucine-methionine (LLM)-domain can already be found in algae. In angiosperms, the B-GATA family is expanded and can be subdivided in to LLM- or HAN-domain B-GATAs. Both, the LLM- and the HAN-domain are conserved domains of unknown biochemical function. Interestingly, the B-GATA family in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss Physcomitrium patens is restricted to one and four family members, respectively. And, in contrast to vascular plants, the bryophyte B-GATAs contain a HAN- as well as an LLM-domain. Here, we characterise mutants of the single B-GATA from Marchantia polymorpha. We reveal that this mutant has defects in thallus growth and in gemma formation. Transcriptomic studies uncover that the B-GATA mutant displays a constitutive high-light (HL) stress response, a phenotype that we then also confirm in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana LLM-domain B-GATAs, suggesting that the B-GATAs have a protective role towards HL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schröder
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bang-Yu Hsu
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nora Gutsche
- Department of Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Boris Hedtke
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Oliver T, Kim TD, Trinugroho JP, Cordón-Preciado V, Wijayatilake N, Bhatia A, Rutherford AW, Cardona T. The Evolution and Evolvability of Photosystem II. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2023; 74:225-257. [PMID: 36889003 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070522-062509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II is the water-oxidizing and O2-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. How and when this remarkable enzyme arose are fundamental questions in the history of life that have remained difficult to answer. Here, recent advances in our understanding of the origin and evolution of photosystem II are reviewed and discussed in detail. The evolution of photosystem II indicates that water oxidation originated early in the history of life, long before the diversification of cyanobacteria and other major groups of prokaryotes, challenging and transforming current paradigms on the evolution of photosynthesis. We show that photosystem II has remained virtually unchanged for billions of years, and yet the nonstop duplication process of the D1 subunit of photosystem II, which controls photochemistry and catalysis, has enabled the enzyme to become adaptable to variable environmental conditions and even to innovate enzymatic functions beyond water oxidation. We suggest that this evolvability can be harnessed to develop novel light-powered enzymes with the capacity to carry out complex multistep oxidative transformations for sustainable biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Oliver
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom D Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Joko P Trinugroho
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Centre, Binus University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nitara Wijayatilake
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Aaryan Bhatia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
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7
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Chang Q, Zhang L, Chen S, Gong M, Liu L, Hou X, Mi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1129. [PMID: 36903989 PMCID: PMC10005377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays a number of key roles in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Prunella vulgaris is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant which is used for the treatment of lymph, goiter, and mastitis. However, the effect of MT on the yield and medicinal component content of P. vulgaris remains still unclear. In this research, we have examined the influence of different concentrations of MT (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) on the physiological characteristics, secondary metabolite contents, and yield of P. vulgaris biomass. The results showed that 50-200 μM MT treatment had a positive effect on P. vulgaris. MT treatment at 100 μM greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, the contents of soluble sugar and proline, and obviously decreased the relative electrical conductivity, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide of leaves. Furthermore, it markedly promoted the growth and development of the root system, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, improved the performance of photosystems I and II and the coordination of both photosystems, and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of P. vulgaris. In addition, it significantly increased the dry mass of whole plant and spica and promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids, total phenolics, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside in the spica of P. vulgaris. These findings demonstrated that the application of MT could effectively activate the antioxidant defense system of P. vulgaris, protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidation damage, and improve the photosynthetic capacity and the root absorption capacity, thereby promoting the yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Minggui Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Longchang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinfa Mi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Peony Research Institute, Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Luoyang Greening Management Center, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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8
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Han K, Hu L, Niu T, Yang Y, Chang Y, Xie J. Exogenous Proline Enhances Systemic Defense against Salt Stress in Celery by Regulating Photosystem, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant System. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:928. [PMID: 36840277 PMCID: PMC9963348 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how exogenous proline induces salinity tolerance in celery. We analyzed the effects of foliar spraying with 0.3 mM proline on celery growth, photosystem, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant system under salt stress (100 mM NaCl), using no salt stress and no proline spraying as control. The results showed that proline-treated plants exhibited a significant increase in plant biomass due to improved growth physiology, supported by gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Calvin cycle enzyme activity (Ketosasaccharide-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase) results. Also, proline spraying significantly suppressed the increase in relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content caused by salt stress, suggesting a reduction in biological membrane damage. Moreover, salt stress resulted in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and 4-coumaric acid accumulation in celery, and their contents were reduced after foliar spraying of proline. Furthermore, proline increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced ascorbic acid, glutathione, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, total phenolic acids, and total flavonoids). Additionally, proline increased the activity of key enzymes (ascorbate oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) in the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle, activating it to counteract salt stress. In summary, exogenous proline promoted celery growth under salt stress, enhanced photosynthesis, increased total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents, and improved antioxidant capacity, thereby improving salt tolerance in celery.
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9
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Calderon RH, de Vitry C, Wollman FA, Niyogi KK. Rubredoxin 1 promotes the proper folding of D1 and is not required for heme b 559 assembly in Chlamydomonas photosystem II. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102968. [PMID: 36736898 PMCID: PMC9986647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis, contains a heme b559 iron whose axial ligands are provided by histidine residues from the α (PsbE) and β (PsbF) subunits. PSII assembly depends on accessory proteins that facilitate the step-wise association of its protein and pigment components into a functional complex, a process that is challenging to study due to the low accumulation of assembly intermediates. Here, we examined the putative role of the iron[1Fe-0S]-containing protein rubredoxin 1 (RBD1) as an assembly factor for cytochrome b559, using the RBD1-lacking 2pac mutant from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in which the accumulation of PSII was rescued by the inactivation of the thylakoid membrane FtsH protease. To this end, we constructed the double mutant 2pac ftsh1-1, which harbored PSII dimers that sustained its photoautotrophic growth. We purified PSII from the 2pac ftsh1-1 background and found that α and β cytochrome b559 subunits are still present and coordinate heme b559 as in the WT. Interestingly, immunoblot analysis of dark- and low light-grown 2pac ftsh1-1 showed the accumulation of a 23-kDa fragment of the D1 protein, a marker typically associated with structural changes resulting from photodamage of PSII. Its cleavage occurs in the vicinity of a nonheme iron which binds to PSII on its electron acceptor side. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that RBD1 is not required for heme b559 assembly and point to a role for RBD1 in promoting the proper folding of D1, possibly via delivery or reduction of the nonheme iron during PSII assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Calderon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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10
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Rammler T, Wackenhut F, Rapp J, zur Oven-Krockhaus S, Forchhammer K, Meixner AJ, Harter K. Analysis of Fast Fluorescence Kinetics of a Single Cyanobacterium Trapped in an Optical Microcavity. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:607. [PMID: 36771691 PMCID: PMC9919002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one the most important biological processes on earth, producing life-giving oxygen, and is the basis for a large variety of plant products. Measurable properties of photosynthesis provide information about its biophysical state, and in turn, the physiological conditions of a photoautotrophic organism. For instance, the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of an intact photosystem is not constant as in the case of a single fluorescent dye in solution but shows temporal changes related to the quantum yield of the photosystem. Commercial photosystem analyzers already use the fluorescence kinetics characteristics of photosystems to infer the viability of organisms under investigation. Here, we provide a novel approach based on an optical Fabry-Pérot microcavity that enables the readout of photosynthetic properties and activity for an individual cyanobacterium. This approach offers a completely new dimension of information, which would normally be lost due to averaging in ensemble measurements obtained from a large population of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rammler
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Rapp
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven zur Oven-Krockhaus
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Cun Z, Xu XZ, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Wu HM, An TX, Chen JW. Responses of photosystem to long-term light stress in a typically shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1095726. [PMID: 36714733 PMCID: PMC9878349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic adaptive strategies vary with the growth irradiance. The potential photosynthetic adaptive strategies of shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen to long-term high light and low light remains unclear. Photosynthetic performance, photosynthesis-related pigments, leaves anatomical characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities were comparatively determined in P. notoginseng grown under different light regimes. The thickness of the upper epidermis, palisade tissue, and lower epidermis were declined with increasing growth irradiance. Low-light-grown leaves were declined in transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Cond), but intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and net photosynthesis rate (P n) had opposite trends. The maximum photo-oxidation P 700 + (P m) was greatly reduced in 29.8% full sunlight (FL) plants; The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) in 0.2% FL plants was significantly lowest. Electron transport, thermal dissipation, and the effective quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] were declined in low-light-grown plants compared with high-light-grown P. notoginseng. The minimum value of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] was recorded in 0.2% FL P. notoginseng. OJIP kinetic curve showed that relative variable fluorescence at J-phase (V J) and the ratio of variable fluorescent F K occupying the F J-F O amplitude (W k) were significantly increased in 0.2% FL plants. However, the increase in W k was lower than the increase in V J. In conclusion, PSI photoinhibition is the underlying sensitivity of the typically shade-tolerant species P. notoginseng to high light, and the photodamage to PSII acceptor side might cause the typically shade-tolerant plants to be unsuitable for long-term low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Zeng Xu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Research Center for Collection and Utilization of Tropical Crop Resources, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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12
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Hou HJM, Najafpour MM, Allakhverdiev SI, Govindjee G. Editorial: Current challenges in photosynthesis: From natural to artificial, volume II. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1113693. [PMID: 36684774 PMCID: PMC9850143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J. M. Hou
- Laboratory of Forensic Analysis and Photosynthesis, Department of Physical and Forensic Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Mohammad M. Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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13
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Pandey J, Devadasu E, Saini D, Dhokne K, Marriboina S, Raghavendra AS, Subramanyam R. Reversible changes in structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under drought stress. Plant J 2023; 113:60-74. [PMID: 36377283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drought on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, whereas those on thylakoid organization are limited. We observed a significant decline in gas exchange parameters of pea (Pisum sativum) leaves under progressive drought stress. Chl a fluorescence kinetics revealed the reduction of photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS)II and PSI. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the levels of PSII subunit PSBS increased. Furthermore, the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) and some of the PSI and PSII core proteins were disassembled in drought conditions, whereas these complexes were reassociated during recovery. By contrast, the abundance of supercomplexes of PSII-LHCII and PSII dimer were reduced, whereas LHCII monomers increased following the change in the macro-organization of thylakoids. The stacks of thylakoids were loosely arranged in drought-affected plants, which could be attributed to changes in the supercomplexes of thylakoids. Severe drought stress caused a reduction of both LHCI and LHCII and a few reaction center proteins of PSI and PSII, indicating significant disorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. After 7 days of rewatering, plants recovered well, with restored chloroplast thylakoid structure and photosynthetic efficiency. The correlation of structural changes with leaf reactive oxygen species levels indicated that these changes were associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Elsinraju Devadasu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kunal Dhokne
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Arellano JB. Non-photochemical quenching of photosystem I as an adaptive response to prolonged drought. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:16-18. [PMID: 36563105 PMCID: PMC9786833 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Sapeta H, Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Ueno Y, Cordeiro AM, Hara T, Tanaka A, Akimoto S, Oliveira MM, Tanaka R. 2023. Reversible down-regulation of photosystems I and II leads to fast photosynthesis recovery after long-term drought in Jatropha curcas. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 336–351.
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15
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Li Y, Peng L, Wang X, Zhang L. Reduction in chloroplastic ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase decreases photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:813241. [PMID: 36311138 PMCID: PMC9614318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.813241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) is a critical enzyme involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways in higher plants. Three Arabidopsis rpe mutants with reduced level of RPE were identified through their high NPQ (nonphotochemical quenching) phenotype upon illumination, and no significant difference of plant size was found between these rpe mutants and WT (wild type) plants under growth chamber conditions. A decrease in RPE expression to a certain extent leads to a decrease in CO2 fixation, V cmax and J max. Photosynthetic linear electron transport was partially inhibited and activity of ATP synthase was also decreased in the rpe mutants, but the levels of thylakoid protein complexes and other Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes in rpe mutants were not affected. These results demonstrate that some degree of reduction in RPE expression decreases carbon fixation in chloroplasts, which in turn feedback inhibits photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthase activity due to the photosynthetic control. Taken together, this work provides evidence that RPE plays an important role in the Calvin-Benson cycle and influences the photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- School of Biology and Brewing Engineering, TaiShan University, Taian, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Grzesiuk M, Pietrzak B, Wacker A, Pijanowska J. Photosynthetic activity in both algae and cyanobacteria changes in response to cues of predation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:907174. [PMID: 35958198 PMCID: PMC9358279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of adaptive responses to predation has been described in microscopic aquatic producers. Although the energetic costs of these responses are expected, with their consequences going far beyond an individual, their underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms are not fully known. One, so far hardly considered, is if and how the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton might change in response to the predation cues. Our main aim was to identify such responses in phytoplankton and to detect if they are taxon-specific. We exposed seven algae and seven cyanobacteria species to the chemical cues of an efficient consumer, Daphnia magna, which was fed either a green alga, Acutodesmus obliquus, or a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus (kairomone and alarm cues), or was not fed (kairomone alone). In most algal and cyanobacterial species studied, the quantum yield of photosystem II increased in response to predator fed cyanobacterium, whereas in most of these species the yield did not change in response to predator fed alga. Also, cyanobacteria tended not to respond to a non-feeding predator. The modal qualitative responses of the electron transport rate were similar to those of the quantum yield. To our best knowledge, the results presented here are the broadest scan of photosystem II responses in the predation context so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grzesiuk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Barbara Pietrzak
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joanna Pijanowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
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17
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Yi X, Yao H, Fan D, Zhu X, Losciale P, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chow WS. The energy cost of repairing photoinactivated photosystem II: an experimental determination in cotton leaf discs. New Phytol 2022; 235:446-456. [PMID: 35451127 PMCID: PMC9320836 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), which splits water molecules at minimal excess photochemical potential, is inevitably photoinactivated during photosynthesis, resulting in compromised photosynthetic efficiency unless it is repaired. The energy cost of PSII repair is currently uncertain, despite attempts to calculate it. We experimentally determined the energy cost of repairing each photoinactivated PSII in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves, which are capable of repairing PSII in darkness. As an upper limit, 24 000 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (including any guanosine triphosphate synthesized at the expense of ATP) were required to repair one entire PSII complex. Further, over a 7-h illumination period at 526-1953 μmol photons m-2 s-1 , the ATP requirement for PSII repair was on average up to 4.6% of the ATP required for the gross carbon assimilation. Each of these two measures of ATP requirement for PSII repair is two- to three-fold greater than the respective reported calculated value. Possible additional energy sinks in the PSII repair cycle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco‐agricultureXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsShihezi UniversityShihezi832003China
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - He‐Sheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco‐agricultureXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsShihezi UniversityShihezi832003China
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Da‐Yong Fan
- College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentre of Excellence for Molecular Plant and Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of Sciences300 Fenglin RoadShanghai200032China
| | - Pasquale Losciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli AlimentiUnivarsità degli Studi di BariVia Amendola 165/A70126BariItaly
| | - Ya‐Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco‐agricultureXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsShihezi UniversityShihezi832003China
| | - Wang‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco‐agricultureXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsShihezi UniversityShihezi832003China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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18
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Klos D, Dušek M, Samol'ová E, Zatloukal M, Nožková V, Nesnas N, Plačková L, Koprna R, Spíšek Z, Vylíčilová H, Plíhal O, Doležal K, Voller J, Kadlecová A, Strnad M, Plíhalová L. New Water-Soluble Cytokinin Derivatives and Their Beneficial Impact on Barley Yield and Photosynthesis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:7288-7301. [PMID: 35658447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of growth regulators is essential for their use in agriculture. Four new cytokinin salts─6-benzylaminopurine mesylate (1), 6-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (2), 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (3), and 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (4)─were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined to clarify structural influence on water solubility. The mesylates were several orders of magnitude more water-soluble than the parent CKs. The new salts significantly reduced chlorophyll degradation and impairment of photosystem II functionality in barley leaf segments undergoing artificial senescence and had pronounced effects on the leaves' endogenous CK pools, maintaining high concentrations of functional metabolites for several days, unlike canonical CKs. A foliar treatment with 1 and 3 increased the harvest yield of spring barley by up to 8% when compared to treatment with the parent CKs while also increasing the number of productive tillers. This effect was attributed to the higher bioavailability of the mesylate salts and the avoidance of dimethyl sulfoxide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Klos
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dušek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Samol'ová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Nožková
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Koprna
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Spíšek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vylíčilová
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Plíhal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kadlecová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Higuchi K, Kurita K, Sakai T, Suzui N, Sasaki M, Katori M, Wakabayashi Y, Majima Y, Saito A, Ohyama T, Kawachi N. "Live-Autoradiography" Technique Reveals Genetic Variation in the Rate of Fe Uptake by Barley Cultivars. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11060817. [PMID: 35336699 PMCID: PMC8956111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element in plants; however, the available Fe in soil solution does not always satisfy the demand of plants. Genetic diversity in the rate of Fe uptake by plants has not been broadly surveyed among plant species or genotypes, although plants have developed various Fe acquisition mechanisms. The "live-autoradiography" technique with radioactive 59Fe was adopted to directly evaluate the uptake rate of Fe by barley cultivars from a nutrient solution containing a very low concentration of Fe. The uptake rate of Fe measured by live autoradiography was consistent with the accumulation of Fe-containing proteins on the thylakoid membrane. The results revealed that the ability to acquire Fe from the low-Fe solution was not always the sole determinant of tolerance to Fe deficiency among barley genotypes. The live-autoradiography system visualizes the distribution of β-ray-emitting nuclides and has flexibility in the shape of the field of view. This technique will strongly support phenotyping with regard to the long-distance transport of nutrient elements in the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Higuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-354772315
| | - Keisuke Kurita
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Takuro Sakai
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Minori Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Maya Katori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuna Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuta Majima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
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20
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Walter J, Kromdijk J. Here comes the sun: How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:564-591. [PMID: 34962073 PMCID: PMC9302994 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial activities. However, this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily manifested. Steep increases in human population, shortage of arable land and food, and climate change call for actions, now. Thanks to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century, basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the future. Many different approaches have been proposed in recent years, some of which have already proven successful in different crop species. Here, we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light reactions. These are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walter
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
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Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Polutchko SK, Fourounjian P, Stewart JJ, Zenir MC, Adams WW. Growth and Nutritional Quality of Lemnaceae Viewed Comparatively in an Ecological and Evolutionary Context. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:145. [PMID: 35050033 PMCID: PMC8779320 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recently characterized traits of the aquatic floating plant Lemna with an emphasis on its capacity to combine rapid growth with the accumulation of high levels of the essential human micronutrient zeaxanthin due to an unusual pigment composition not seen in other fast-growing plants. In addition, Lemna's response to elevated CO2 was evaluated in the context of the source-sink balance between plant sugar production and consumption. These and other traits of Lemnaceae are compared with those of other floating aquatic plants as well as terrestrial plants adapted to different environments. It was concluded that the unique features of aquatic plants reflect adaptations to the freshwater environment, including rapid growth, high productivity, and exceptionally strong accumulation of high-quality vegetative storage protein and human antioxidant micronutrients. It was further concluded that the insensitivity of growth rate to environmental conditions and plant source-sink imbalance may allow duckweeds to take advantage of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels via particularly strong stimulation of biomass production and only minor declines in the growth of new tissue. It is proposed that declines in nutritional quality under elevated CO2 (due to regulatory adjustments in photosynthetic metabolism) may be mitigated by plant-microbe interaction, for which duckweeds have a high propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Marina López-Pozo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48049 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Stephanie K. Polutchko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Paul Fourounjian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
- International Lemna Association, Denville, NJ 07832, USA
| | - Jared J. Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Madeleine C. Zenir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - William W. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
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22
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Buck JM, Wünsch M, Schober AF, Kroth PG, Lepetit B. Impact of Lhcx2 on Acclimation to Low Iron Conditions in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:841058. [PMID: 35371185 PMCID: PMC8967352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a cofactor of photosystems and electron carriers in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Low concentrations of dissolved iron are, therefore, the predominant factor that limits the growth of phototrophs in large parts of the open sea like the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, resulting in "high nutrient-low chlorophyll" (HNLC) areas. Diatoms are among the most abundant microalgae in HNLC zones. Besides efficient iron uptake mechanisms, efficient photoprotection might be one of the key traits enabling them to outcompete other algae in HNLC regions. In diatoms, Lhcx proteins play a crucial role in one of the main photoprotective mechanisms, the energy-dependent fluorescence quenching (qE). The expression of Lhcx proteins is strongly influenced by various environmental triggers. We show that Lhcx2 responds specifically and in a very sensitive manner to iron limitation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum on the same timescale as the known iron-regulated genes ISIP1 and CCHH11. By comparing Lhcx2 knockout lines with wild type cells, we reveal that a strongly increased qE under iron limitation is based on the upregulation of Lhcx2. Other observed iron acclimation phenotypes in P. tricornutum include a massively reduced chlorophyll a content/cell, a changed ratio of light harvesting and photoprotective pigments per chlorophyll a, a decreased amount of photosystem II and photosystem I cores, an increased functional photosystem II absorption cross section, and decoupled antenna complexes. H2O2 formation at photosystem I induced by high light is lowered in iron-limited cells, while the amount of total reactive oxygen species is rather increased. Our data indicate a possible reduction in singlet oxygen by Lhcx2-based qE, while the other iron acclimation phenotype parameters monitored are not affected by the amount of Lhcx2 and qE.
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23
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Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Sobotka R, Komenda J, Dann M, Leister D. Redesigning the photosynthetic light reactions to enhance photosynthesis - the PhotoRedesign consortium. Plant J 2022; 109:23-34. [PMID: 34709696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective article, we describe the visions of the PhotoRedesign consortium funded by the European Research Council of how to enhance photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis in individual phototrophic species use only a fraction of the solar spectrum, and high light intensities can impair and even damage the process. In consequence, expanding the solar spectrum and enhancing the overall energy capacity of the process, while developing resilience to stresses imposed by high light intensities, could have a strong positive impact on food and energy production. So far, the complexity of the photosynthetic machinery has largely prevented improvements by conventional approaches. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop concepts to redesign the light-harvesting and photochemical capacity of photosynthesis, as well as to establish new model systems and toolkits for the next generation of photosynthesis researchers. The overall objective of PhotoRedesign is to reconfigure the photosynthetic light reactions so they can harvest and safely convert energy from an expanded solar spectrum. To this end, a variety of synthetic biology approaches, including de novo design, will combine the attributes of photosystems from different photoautotrophic model organisms, namely the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In parallel, adaptive laboratory evolution will be applied to improve the capacity of reimagined organisms to cope with enhanced input of solar energy, particularly in high and fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Christopher Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Dann
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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24
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Qin K, Fernie AR, Zhang Y. The Assembly of Super-Complexes in the Plant Chloroplast. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1839. [PMID: 34944483 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that the enzymes of several biological pathways assemble into larger supramolecular structures called super-complexes. Indeed, those such as association of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes play an essential role in respiratory activity and promote metabolic fitness. Dynamically assembled super-complexes are able to alternate between participating in large complexes and existing in a free state. However, the functional significance of the super-complexes is not entirely clear. It has been proposed that the organization of respiratory enzymes into super-complexes could reduce oxidative damage and increase metabolism efficiency. There are several protein complexes that have been revealed in the plant chloroplast, yet little research has been focused on the formation of super-complexes in this organelle. The photosystem I and light-harvesting complex I super-complex’s structure suggests that energy absorbed by light-harvesting complex I could be efficiently transferred to the PSI core by avoiding concentration quenching. Here, we will discuss in detail core complexes of photosystem I and II, the chloroplast ATPase the chloroplast electron transport chain, the Calvin–Benson cycle and a plastid localized purinosome. In addition, we will also describe the methods to identify these complexes.
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25
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Abstract
Mimicking photosynthesis using artificial systems, as a means for solar energy conversion and green fuel generation, is one of the holy grails of modern science. This perspective presents recent advances towards developing artificial photosynthetic systems. In one approach, native photosystems are interfaced with electrodes to yield photobioelectrochemical cells that transform light energy into electrical power. This is exemplified by interfacing photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) as an electrically contacted assembly mimicking the native Z-scheme, and by the assembly of an electrically wired PSI/glucose oxidase biocatalytic conjugate on an electrode support. Illumination of the functionalized electrodes led to light-induced generation of electrical power, or to the generation of photocurrents using glucose as the fuel. The second approach introduces supramolecular photosensitizer nucleic acid/electron acceptor complexes as functional modules for effective photoinduced electron transfer stimulating the subsequent biocatalyzed generation of NADPH or the Pt-nanoparticle-catalyzed evolution of molecular hydrogen. Application of the DNA machineries for scaling-up the photosystems is demonstrated. A third approach presents the integration of artificial photosynthetic modules into dynamic nucleic acid networks undergoing reversible reconfiguration or dissipative transient operation in the presence of auxiliary triggers. Control over photoinduced electron transfer reactions and photosynthetic transformations by means of the dynamic networks is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Centre for Bio-Hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael P O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Centre for Bio-Hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bilha Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Centre for Bio-Hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Centre for Bio-Hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Saw JH, Cardona T, Montejano G. Complete Genome Sequencing of a Novel Gloeobacter Species from a Waterfall Cave in Mexico. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6446517. [PMID: 34850891 PMCID: PMC8691054 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Only two complete genomes of the cyanobacterial genus Gloeobacter from two very different regions of the world currently exist. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a third member of the genus isolated from a waterfall cave in Mexico. Analysis of the average nucleotide identities (ANIs) between published Gloeobacter genomes revealed that the complete genome of this new member is only 92.7% similar to Gloeobacter violaceus and therefore we determined it to be a new species. We propose to name this new species Gloeobacter morelensis after the location in Mexico where it was isolated. The complete genome consists of one circular chromosome (4,921,229 bp), one linear plasmid (172,328 bp), and one circular plasmid (8,839 bp). Its genome is the largest of all completely sequenced genomes of Gloeobacter species. Pangenomic comparisons revealed that G. morelensis encodes 759 genes not shared with other Gloeobacter species. Despite being more closely related to G. violaceus, it features an extremely divergent psbA gene encoding an atypical D1 core subunit of Photosystem II previously only found within the genome of Gloeobacter kilaueensis. In addition, we detected evidence of concerted evolution of psbA genes encoding identical D1 in all three Gloeobacter genomes, a characteristic that seems widespread in cyanobacteria and may therefore be traced back to their last common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy H Saw
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Montejano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ficología, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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27
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Mao J, Yuan J, Mo Z, An L, Shi S, Visser RGF, Bai Y, Sun Y, Liu G, Liu H, Wang Q, van der Linden CG. Overexpression of NtCBL5A Leads to Necrotic Lesions by Enhancing Na + Sensitivity of Tobacco Leaves Under Salt Stress. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:740976. [PMID: 34603362 PMCID: PMC8484801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars are salt-tolerant and thus are potential model plants to study the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN (CBL) is a vital family of plant calcium sensor proteins that can transmit Ca2+ signals triggered by environmental stimuli including salt stress. Therefore, assessing the potential of NtCBL for genetic improvement of salt stress is valuable. In our studies on NtCBL members, constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A was found to cause salt supersensitivity with necrotic lesions on leaves. NtCBL5A-overexpressing (OE) leaves tended to curl and accumulated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The supersensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves was specifically induced by Na+, but not by Cl-, osmotic stress, or drought stress. Ion content measurements indicated that NtCBL5A-OE leaves showed sensitivity to the Na+ accumulation levels that wild-type leaves could tolerate. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling showed that many immune response-related genes are significantly upregulated and photosynthetic machinery-related genes are significantly downregulated in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In addition, the expression of several cation homeostasis-related genes was also affected in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In conclusion, the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A interferes with the normal salt stress response of tobacco plants and leads to Na+-dependent leaf necrosis by enhancing the sensitivity of transgenic leaves to Na+. This Na+ sensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves might result from the abnormal Na+ compartmentalization, plant photosynthesis, and plant immune response triggered by the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A. Identifying genes and pathways involved in this unusual salt stress response can provide new insights into the salt stress response of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jiaping Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Mo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lulu An
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
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28
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Fatma M, Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Alyemeni MN, Kaushik P, Khan NA, Ahmad P. Methyl Jasmonate Protects the PS II System by Maintaining the Stability of Chloroplast D1 Protein and Accelerating Enzymatic Antioxidants in Heat-Stressed Wheat Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081216. [PMID: 34439464 PMCID: PMC8388886 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of 10 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for the protection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosystem II (PS II) against heat stress (HS) was studied. Heat stress was induced at 42 °C to established plants, which were then recovered at 25 °C and monitored during their growth for the study duration. Application of MeJA resulted in increased enzymatic antioxidant activity that reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency. Exogenous MeJA had a beneficial effect on chlorophyll fluorescence under HS and enhanced the pigment system (PS) II system, as observed in a JIP-test, a new tool for chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve. Exogenous MeJA improved the quantum yield of electron transport (ETo/CS) as well as electron transport flux for each reaction center (ET0/RC). However, the specific energy fluxes per reaction center (RC), i.e., TR0/RC (trapping) and DI0/RC (dissipation), were reduced by MeJA. These results indicate that MeJA affects the efficiency of PS II by stabilizing the D1 protein, increasing its abundance, and enhancing the expression of the psbA and psbB genes under HS, which encode proteins of the PS II core RC complex. Thus, MeJA is a potential tool to protect PS II and D1 protein in wheat plants under HS and to accelerate the recovery of the photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Kikugawa Research Station, Yokohama Ueki, 2265, Kamo, Kikugawa City, Shizuoka 439-0031, Japan;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: or (N.A.K.); or (P.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or (N.A.K.); or (P.A.)
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29
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Wang S, Fang H, Xie J, Wu Y, Tang Z, Liu Z, Lv J, Yu J. Physiological Responses of Cucumber Seedlings to Different Supplemental Light Duration of Red and Blue LED. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:709313. [PMID: 34322149 PMCID: PMC8311605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Normal development of plants is inhibited by inadequate light in winter in greenhouses in Northwest China. Growth lamps, using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with red blue light (7R2B), were used to supplement daylight for 1, 2, and 3 h. Seedling growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthetic product; the Calvin cycle key and sugar metabolism-related enzymes and their encoding genes; and the light signal sensing regulation of key gene expression were studied in greenhouse cucumbers under three treatments to determine the best supplemental light durations to enhance cucumber cultivation in greenhouses in winter. Treatment with LED red and blue light for 3 h significantly promoted the growth and development of cucumbers, root growth, and dry matter accumulation. It improved the photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigment content, and light energy utilization efficiency in cucumbers. Supplementation with red and blue LED light for 3 h upregulated the expression levels of key genes encoding the Calvin cycle and enzymes related to sugar metabolism in cucumber leaves, which promoted the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthates. The expression levels of phytochrome B, cryptochrome 1, and hypocotyl 5 in the cucumber leaves were also significantly upregulated after 3 h of light supplementation. Combined LED red and blue light for 3 h should be used to supplement natural light to enhance the cucumber cultivation in greenhouses in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hua Fang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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30
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Abstract
Since 1893, when the word "photosynthesis" was first coined by Charles Reid Barnes and Conway MacMillan, our understanding of the elements and regulation of this complex process is far from being entirely understood. We aim to review the most relevant advances in photosynthesis research from the last few years and to provide a perspective on the forthcoming research in this field. Recent discoveries related to light sensing, harvesting, and dissipation; kinetics of CO2 fixation; components and regulators of CO2 diffusion through stomata and mesophyll; and genetic engineering for improving photosynthetic and production capacities of crops are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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31
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Abstract
The chloroplast has recently emerged as pivotal to co-ordinating plant defence responses and as a target of plant pathogens. Beyond its central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism - key targets in the complex virulence strategies of diverse pathogens - the chloroplast integrates, decodes and responds to environmental signals. The capacity of chloroplasts to synthesize phytohormones and a diverse range of secondary metabolites, combined with retrograde and reactive oxygen signalling, provides exquisite flexibility to both perceive and respond to biotic stresses. These processes also represent a plethora of opportunities for pathogens to evolve strategies to directly or indirectly target 'chloroplast immunity'. This review covers the contribution of the chloroplast to pathogen associated molecular pattern and effector triggered immunity as well as systemic acquired immunity. We address phytohormone modulation of immunity and surmise how chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species underpin chloroplast immunity through indirect evidence inferred from genetic modification of core chloroplast components and direct pathogen targeting of the chloroplast. We assess the impact of transcriptional reprogramming of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes during disease and defence and look at future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Littlejohn
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Susan Breen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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32
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Liu X, Gao S, Liu Y, Cao B, Chen Z, Xu K. Alterations in leaf photosynthetic electron transport in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) under different light intensity and soil water conditions. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:83-90. [PMID: 32772453 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Welsh onions (Allium fistulosum L.) are often affected by stressful environments, such as high light and drought, during summer cultivation, which hinders their growth. We used CO2 assimilation, OJIP transient and MR curves to analyse the photosynthetic characteristics of Welsh onion. The results showed that single high light stress caused a decrease in the net photosynthesis rate through stomatal limitation, while the single drought treatment and the combined stress induced nonstomatal limitation. FO and FJ increased, Fm decreased, and a distinct K-phase was induced. High light and drought stress blocked MR transients, leading to a gradual decrease in VPSI and VPSII-PSI . In general, photosynthesis of Welsh onion was inhibited by high light and drought, which destroyed the receptor and donor side of PSII and reduced electron transport capacity of PSII and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
| | - S Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
| | - B Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
| | - Z Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
| | - K Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
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Girolomoni L, Bellamoli F, de la Cruz Valbuena G, Perozeni F, D'Andrea C, Cerullo G, Cazzaniga S, Ballottari M. Evolutionary divergence of photoprotection in the green algal lineage: a plant-like violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme activates the xanthophyll cycle in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris modulating photoprotection. New Phytol 2020; 228:136-150. [PMID: 32442330 PMCID: PMC7539987 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The xanthophyll cycle is the metabolic process by which the carotenoid violaxanthin is de-epoxidated to zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll with a crucial photoprotective role in higher plants and mosses. The role of zeaxanthin is still unclear in green algae, and a peculiar violaxanthin de-epoxidating enzyme was found in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we investigated the molecular details and functions of the xanthophyll cycle in the case of Chlorella vulgaris, one of the green algae most considered for industrial cultivation, where resistance to high light stress is a prerequisite for sustainable biomass production. Identification of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris was performed by genome mining and in vitro analysis of the catalytic activity of the gene product identified. The photoprotective role of zeaxanthin was then investigated in vivo and in isolated pigment-binding complexes. The results obtained demonstrate the functioning, even though with a different pH sensitivity, of a plant-like violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris. Differently from C. reinhardtii, zeaxanthin accumulation in C. vulgaris was found to be crucial for photoprotective quenching of excitation energy harvested by both photosystem I and II. These findings demonstrate an evolutionary divergence of photoprotective mechanisms among Chlorophyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Girolomoni
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Francesco Bellamoli
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | | | - Federico Perozeni
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- IFN‐CNRDepartment of PhysicsPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 32Milan20133Italy
- Center for NanoScience and Technology @PoliMiIstituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Pascoli 70/3Milan20133Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN‐CNRDepartment of PhysicsPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 32Milan20133Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15Verona37134Italy
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Csintalan Z, Péli ER. Effect of Salicylic Acid Pre-Treatment after Long-Term Desiccation in the Moss Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091097. [PMID: 32858991 PMCID: PMC7569889 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to examine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and to study the seasonal variation of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzymatic activities in desiccation-tolerant moss species Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr. Aqueous 0.001 M SA solution was sprayed on the moss cushions collected from semi-arid sandy grassland, Hungary in three seasons (spring, summer, autumn). These cushions were kept under the observation for 10 Days. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, i.e., maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), effective photochemical quantum yield of PS II (ΦPSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and antioxidant enzymatic activities, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and protein content were determined. The results showed the increase of Fv/Fm in spring and autumn season while ΦPSII was reduced significantly during spring and summer season after treatment with SA compared to control. SA-treated mosses showed higher values of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during the spring and autumn season than in summer. Activities of enzyme APX and CAT were found to increase in SA-treated except POD activity. In SA-treated moss cushions, lower protein content was found. It can be concluded that seasonal variation has been observed in chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant system after long term of desiccation in S. ruralis species that could be because of SA and might be due to fluctuations in conditions of their habitat, duration of light intensity, temperature and precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Csintalan
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Evelin Ramóna Péli
- Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (R.); (E.R.P.)
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Kanik M, Munro-Ehrlich M, Fernandes-Martins MC, Payne D, Gianoulias K, Keller L, Kubacki A, Lindsay MR, Baxter BK, Vanden Berg MD, Colman DR, Boyd ES. Unexpected Abundance and Diversity of Phototrophs in Mats from Morphologically Variable Microbialites in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00165-20. [PMID: 32198176 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00165-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial mat communities are associated with extensive (∼700 km2) and morphologically variable carbonate structures, termed microbialites, in the hypersaline Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah. However, whether the composition of GSL mat communities covaries with microbialite morphology and lake environment is unknown. Moreover, the potential adaptations that allow the establishment of these extensive mat communities at high salinity (14% to 17% total salts) are poorly understood. To address these questions, microbial mats were sampled from seven locations in the south arm of GSL representing different lake environments and microbialite morphologies. Despite the morphological differences, microbialite-associated mats were taxonomically similar and were dominated by the cyanobacterium Euhalothece and several heterotrophic bacteria. Metagenomic sequencing of a representative mat revealed Euhalothece and subdominant Thiohalocapsa populations that harbor the Calvin cycle and nitrogenase, suggesting they supply fixed carbon and nitrogen to heterotrophic bacteria. Fifteen of the next sixteen most abundant taxa are inferred to be aerobic heterotrophs and, surprisingly, harbor reaction center, rhodopsin, and/or bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis proteins, suggesting aerobic photoheterotrophic (APH) capabilities. Importantly, proteins involved in APH are enriched in the GSL community relative to that in microbialite mat communities from lower salinity environments. These findings indicate that the ability to integrate light into energy metabolism is a key adaptation allowing for robust mat development in the hypersaline GSL.IMPORTANCE The earliest evidence of life on Earth is from organosedimentary structures, termed microbialites, preserved in 3.481-billion-year-old (Ga) rocks. Phototrophic microbial mats form in association with an ∼700-km2 expanse of morphologically diverse microbialites in the hypersaline Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah. Here, we show taxonomically similar microbial mat communities are associated with morphologically diverse microbialites across the lake. Metagenomic sequencing reveals an abundance and diversity of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa capable of harvesting light energy to drive metabolism. The unexpected abundance of and diversity in the mechanisms of harvesting light energy observed in GSL mat populations likely function to minimize niche overlap among coinhabiting taxa, provide a mechanism(s) to increase energy yield and osmotic balance during salt stress, and enhance fitness. Together, these physiological benefits promote the formation of robust mats that, in turn, influence the formation of morphologically diverse microbialite structures that can be imprinted in the rock record.
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Kobayashi K, Osawa Y, Yoshihara A, Shimojima M, Awai K. Relationship Between Glycerolipids and Photosynthetic Components During Recovery of Thylakoid Membranes From Nitrogen Starvation-Induced Attenuation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32351534 PMCID: PMC7175274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes, the site of photochemical and electron transport reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, are composed of a myriad of proteins, cofactors including pigments, and glycerolipids. In the non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the size and function of thylakoid membranes are reduced under nitrogen (N) starvation but are quickly recovered after N addition to the starved cells. To understand how the functionality of thylakoid membranes is adjusted in response to N status in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we examined changes in thylakoid components and the photosynthetic activity during the N starvation and recovery processes. In N-starved cells, phycobilisome content, photosystem II protein levels and the photosynthetic activity substantially decreased as compared with those in N-sufficient cells. Although the content of chlorophyll (Chl) a, total protein and total glycerolipid also decreased under the N-starved condition based on OD730 reflecting cell density, when based on culture volume, the Chl a and total protein content remained almost constant and total glycerolipid content even increased during N starvation, suggesting that cellular levels of these components decrease under the N-starved condition mainly through dilution due to cell growth. With N addition, the photosynthetic activity quickly recovered, followed by full restoration of photosynthetic pigment and protein levels. The content of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), an essential lipid constituent of both photosystems, increased faster than that of Chl a, whereas the content of glycolipids, the main constituents of the thylakoid lipid bilayer, gradually recovered after N addition. The data indicate differential regulation of PG and glycolipids during the construction of the photosynthetic machinery and regeneration of thylakoid membranes. Of note, addition of PG to the growth medium slightly accelerated the Chl a accumulation in wild-type cells during the recovery process. Because PG is required for the biosynthesis of Chl a and the formation of functional photosystem complexes, rapid PG biosynthesis in response to N acquisition may be required for the rapid formation of the photosynthetic machinery during thylakoid regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yuka Osawa
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Chen YE, Mao HT, Wu N, Mohi Ud Din A, Khan A, Zhang HY, Yuan S. Salicylic Acid Protects Photosystem II by Alleviating Photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1229. [PMID: 32059402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to play an important role in plant responses to environmental stresses. However, the detailed protective mechanisms in photosynthesis are still unclear. We therefore explored the protective roles of SA in photosystem II (PSII) in Arabidopsis thaliana under high light. The results demonstrated that 3 h of high light exposure resulted in a decline in photochemical efficiency and the dissipation of excess excitation energy. However, SA application significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity and the dissipation of excitation energy under high light. Western blot analysis revealed that SA application alleviated the decrease in the levels of D1 and D2 protein and increased the amount of Lhcb5 and PsbS protein under high light. Results from photoinhibition highlighted that SA application could accelerate the repair of D1 protein. Furthermore, the phosphorylated levels of D1 and D2 proteins were significantly increased under high light in the presence of SA. In addition, we found that SA application significantly alleviated the disassembly of PSII-LHCII super complexes and LHCII under high light for 3 h. Overall, our findings demonstrated that SA may efficiently alleviate photoinhibition and improve photoprotection by dissipating excess excitation energy, enhancing the phosphorylation of PSII reaction center proteins, and preventing the disassembly of PSII super complexes.
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Cazzaniga S, Kim M, Bellamoli F, Jeong J, Lee S, Perozeni F, Pompa A, Jin E, Ballottari M. Photosystem II antenna complexes CP26 and CP29 are essential for nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:496-509. [PMID: 31724187 PMCID: PMC7004014 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystems must balance between light harvesting to fuel the photosynthetic process for CO2 fixation and mitigating the risk of photodamage due to absorption of light energy in excess. Eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms evolved an array of pigment-binding proteins called light harvesting complexes constituting the external antenna system in the photosystems, where both light harvesting and activation of photoprotective mechanisms occur. In this work, the balancing role of CP29 and CP26 photosystem II antenna subunits was investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain single and double mutants depleted of monomeric antennas. Absence of CP26 and CP29 impaired both photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection: Excitation energy transfer from external antenna to reaction centre was reduced, and state transitions were completely impaired. Moreover, differently from higher plants, photosystem II monomeric antenna proteins resulted to be essential for photoprotective thermal dissipation of excitation energy by nonphotochemical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Jooyoen Jeong
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sangmuk Lee
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Andrea Pompa
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di UrbinoUrbinoItaly
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseConsiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePerugiaItaly
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life ScienceHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Tietz S, Leuenberger M, Höhner R, Olson AH, Fleming GR, Kirchhoff H. A proteoliposome-based system reveals how lipids control photosynthetic light harvesting. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1857-1866. [PMID: 31929108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are exposed to a complex and dynamic lipid environment modulated by nonbilayer lipids that can influence protein functions by lipid-protein interactions. The nonbilayer lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant lipid in plant photosynthetic thylakoid membranes, but its impact on the functionality of energy-converting membrane protein complexes is unknown. Here, we optimized a detergent-based reconstitution protocol to develop a proteoliposome technique that incorporates the major light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) into compositionally well-defined large unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicles to study the impact of MGDG on light harvesting by LHCII. Using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and time-correlated single-photon counting, we found that both chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes clearly indicate that the presence of MGDG in lipid bilayers switches LHCII from a light-harvesting to a more energy-quenching mode that dissipates harvested light into heat. It is hypothesized that in the in vitro system developed here, MGDG controls light harvesting of LHCII by modulating the hydrostatic lateral membrane pressure profile in the lipid bilayer sensed by LHCII-bound peripheral pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Tietz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6340
| | - Michelle Leuenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ricarda Höhner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6340
| | - Alice H Olson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6340
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6340.
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Wang W, Zhao S, Pi X, Kuang T, Sui SF, Shen JR. Structural features of the diatom photosystem II-light-harvesting antenna complex. FEBS J 2020; 287:2191-2200. [PMID: 31854056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, light energy is captured by pigments bound to light-harvesting antenna proteins (LHC) that then transfer the energy to the photosystem (PS) cores to initiate photochemical reactions. The LHC proteins surround the PS cores to form PS-LHC supercomplexes. In order to adapt to a wide range of light environments, photosynthetic organisms have developed a large variety of pigments and antenna proteins to utilize the light energy efficiently under different environments. Diatoms are a group of important eukaryotic algae and possess fucoxanthin (Fx) chlorophyll a/c proteins (FCP) as antenna which have exceptional capabilities of harvesting blue-green light under water and dissipate excess energy under strong light conditions. We have solved the structure of a PSII-FCPII supercomplex from a centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis by cryo-electron microscopy, and also the structure of an isolated FCP dimer from a pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by X-ray crystallography at a high resolution. These results revealed the oligomerization states of FCPs distinctly different from those of LHCII found in the green lineage organisms, the detailed binding patterns of Chl c and Fxs, a huge pigment network, and extensive protein-protein, pigment-protein, and pigment-pigment interactions within the PSII-FCPII supercomplex. These results therefore provide a solid structural basis for examining the detailed mechanisms of the highly efficient energy transfer and quenching processes in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan
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Chen Y, Mao H, Wu N, Ma J, Yuan M, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Zhang H. Effects of Stripe Rust Infection on the Levels of Redox Balance and Photosynthetic Capacities in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E268. [PMID: 31906067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) is the most destructive wheat disease and a major problem for the productivity of wheat in the world. To obtain a better understanding about different effects of redox homeostasis and photosystem (PS) to Pst infection in wheat, we investigated the differences in photosynthesis and the antioxidant defense system in wheat cultivar Chuanmai42 (CM42) in response to two Chinese Pst races known as CYR32 and V26. The results showed that V26-infected wheat accumulated a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death, and energy dissipation than CYR32-infected wheat when compared with the control. Furthermore, we found that the activities of three antioxidant enzymes (APX, GR, and GPX) and four resistance-related enzymes in CYR32-infected wheat were significantly higher than that in V26-infected wheat. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the expression levels of two genes associated with resistant stripe rust in CYR32-infected wheat were clearly higher than that in V26-infected wheat. Compared with CYR32-infected wheat, lower photochemical efficiencies were observed in V26-infected wheat at the adult stage. Meanwhile, only a marked decline in D1 protein was observed in V26-infected wheat. We therefore deduced that wheat with stripe rust resistance could maintain high resistance and photosynthetic capacity by regulating the antioxidant system, disease-resistant related enzymes and genes, and the levels of PSII reaction center proteins.
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Nishiori D, Zhu W, Salles R, Miyachi M, Yamanoi Y, Ikuta T, Maehashi K, Tomo T, Nishihara H. Photosensing System Using Photosystem I and Gold Nanoparticle on Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:42773-42779. [PMID: 31625385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a light sensor is fabricated based on photosystem I (PSI) and a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) that detects light at a high quantum yield under ambient conditions. We immobilized PSI on a micrometer-sized graphene FET using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and measured the I-V characteristics of the modified graphene FET before and after light irradiation. The source-drain current (Isd) increased upon illumination, exhibiting a photoresponsivity of 4.8 × 102 A W-1, and the charge neutrality point of graphene shifted by -12 mV. This system represents the first successful photosensing system based on proteins and a solution-gated graphene FET. The probable mechanism of this negative shift can be explained by the increase in negative charge carriers in graphene induced by a hole trap in the AuNP resulting from electron transfer from the AuNP to PSI. Photoresponses were only observed in the presence of two surface-active agents, n-hexyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, because they caused the formation of a hydrophobic environment on the surface of the graphene. The lipid layer of these agents caused dissociation of ascorbate ions from the graphene sheet, thereby expanding the Debye screening length of the electrolyte solution. The hydrophobic environment above graphene also enhanced hole storage in the AuNP through electron transfer from the AuNP to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nishiori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Raphaël Salles
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Mariko Miyachi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Takashi Ikuta
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kenzo Maehashi
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3 , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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Cardona T, Rutherford AW. Evolution of Photochemical Reaction Centres: More Twists? Trends Plant Sci 2019; 24:1008-1021. [PMID: 31351761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest events in the molecular evolution of photosynthesis is the structural and functional specialisation of type I (ferredoxin-reducing) and type II (quinone-reducing) reaction centres. In this opinion article we point out that the homodimeric type I reaction centre of heliobacteria has a calcium-binding site with striking structural similarities to the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II. These similarities indicate that most of the structural elements required to evolve water oxidation chemistry were present in the earliest reaction centres. We suggest that the divergence of type I and type II reaction centres was made possible by a drastic structural shift linked to a change in redox properties that coincided with or facilitated the origin of photosynthetic water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK. @imperial.ac.uk
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D'Alessandro S, Havaux M. Sensing β-carotene oxidation in photosystem II to master plant stress tolerance. New Phytol 2019; 223:1776-1783. [PMID: 31090944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stressful environmental conditions lead to the production of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplasts, due to limited photosynthesis and enhanced excitation pressure on the photosystems. Among these reactive species, singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), which is generated at the level of the PSII reaction center, is very reactive, readily oxidizing macromolecules in its immediate surroundings, and it has been identified as the principal cause of photooxidative damage in plant leaves. The two β-carotene molecules present in the PSII reaction center are prime targets of 1 O2 oxidation, leading to the formation of various oxidized derivatives. Plants have evolved sensing mechanisms for those PSII-generated metabolites, which regulate gene expression, putting in place defense mechanisms and alleviating the effects of PSII-damaging conditions. A new picture is thus emerging which places PSII as a sensor and transducer in plant stress resilience through its capacity to generate signaling metabolites under excess light energy. This review summarizes new advances in the characterization of the apocarotenoids involved in the PSII-mediated stress response and of the pathways elicited by these molecules, among which is the xenobiotic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D'Alessandro
- CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265, Institut Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265, Institut Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, Aix-Marseille University, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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45
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Grebe S, Trotta A, Bajwa AA, Suorsa M, Gollan PJ, Jansson S, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. The unique photosynthetic apparatus of Pinaceae: analysis of photosynthetic complexes in Picea abies. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:3211-3225. [PMID: 30938447 PMCID: PMC6598058 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pinaceae are the predominant photosynthetic species in boreal forests, but so far no detailed description of the protein components of the photosynthetic apparatus of these gymnosperms has been available. In this study we report a detailed characterization of the thylakoid photosynthetic machinery of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). We first customized a spruce thylakoid protein database from translated transcript sequences combined with existing protein sequences derived from gene models, which enabled reliable tandem mass spectrometry identification of P. abies thylakoid proteins from two-dimensional large pore blue-native/SDS-PAGE. This allowed a direct comparison of the two-dimensional protein map of thylakoid protein complexes from P. abies with the model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the subunit composition of P. abies core PSI and PSII complexes is largely similar to that of Arabidopsis, there was a high abundance of a smaller PSI subcomplex, closely resembling the assembly intermediate PSI* complex. In addition, the evolutionary distribution of light-harvesting complex (LHC) family members of Pinaceae was compared in silico with other land plants, revealing that P. abies and other Pinaceae (also Gnetaceae and Welwitschiaceae) have lost LHCB4, but retained LHCB8 (formerly called LHCB4.3). The findings reported here show the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. abies and other Pinaceae members to be unique among land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Azfar A Bajwa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Sam Granick opened his seminal 1957 paper titled 'Speculations on the origins and evolution of photosynthesis' with the assertion that there is a constant urge in human beings to seek beginnings (I concur). This urge has led to an incessant stream of speculative ideas and debates on the evolution of photosynthesis that started in the first half of the twentieth century and shows no signs of abating. Some of these speculative ideas have become commonplace, are taken as fact, but find little support. Here, I review and scrutinize three widely accepted ideas that underpin the current study of the evolution of photosynthesis: first, that the photochemical reaction centres used in anoxygenic photosynthesis are more primitive than those in oxygenic photosynthesis; second, that the probability of acquiring photosynthesis via horizontal gene transfer is greater than the probability of losing photosynthesis; and third, and most important, that the origin of anoxygenic photosynthesis pre-dates the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. I shall attempt to demonstrate that these three ideas are often grounded in incorrect assumptions built on more assumptions with no experimental or observational support. I hope that this brief review will not only serve as a cautionary tale but also that it will open new avenues of research aimed at disentangling the complex evolution of photosynthesis and its impact on the early history of life and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Cardona T, Sánchez‐Baracaldo P, Rutherford AW, Larkum AW. Early Archean origin of Photosystem II. Geobiology 2019; 17:127-150. [PMID: 30411862 PMCID: PMC6492235 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II is a photochemical reaction center that catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Water oxidation is the distinctive photochemical reaction that permitted the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and the eventual rise of eukaryotes. At what point during the history of life an ancestral photosystem evolved the capacity to oxidize water still remains unknown. Here, we study the evolution of the core reaction center proteins of Photosystem II using sequence and structural comparisons in combination with Bayesian relaxed molecular clocks. Our results indicate that a homodimeric photosystem with sufficient oxidizing power to split water had already appeared in the early Archean about a billion years before the most recent common ancestor of all described Cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, and well before the diversification of some of the known groups of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Based on a structural and functional rationale, we hypothesize that this early Archean photosystem was capable of water oxidation to oxygen and had already evolved protection mechanisms against the formation of reactive oxygen species. This would place primordial forms of oxygenic photosynthesis at a very early stage in the evolutionary history of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Kim C. ROS-Driven Oxidative Modification: Its Impact on Chloroplasts-Nucleus Communication. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1729. [PMID: 32038693 PMCID: PMC6990121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a light-harvesting organelle, the chloroplast inevitably produces a substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily through the photosystems. These ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen, are potent oxidizing agents, thereby damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. On the other hand, it became increasingly clear that ROS act as beneficial tools under photo-oxidative stress conditions by stimulating chloroplast-nucleus communication, a process called retrograde signaling (RS). These ROS-mediated RS cascades appear to participate in a broad spectrum of plant physiology, such as acclimation, resistance, programmed cell death (PCD), and growth. Recent reports imply that ROS-driven oxidation of RS-associated components is essential in sensing and responding to an increase in ROS contents. ROS appear to activate RS pathways via reversible or irreversible oxidation of sensor molecules. This review provides an overview of the emerging perspective on the topic of "oxidative modification-associated retrograde signaling."
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Yan K, Bian T, He W, Han G, Lv M, Guo M, Lu M. Root Abscisic Acid Contributes to Defending Photoinibition in Jerusalem Artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3934. [PMID: 30544576 PMCID: PMC6321411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the role of root abscisic acid (ABA) in protecting photosystems and photosynthesis in Jerusalem artichoke against salt stress. Potted plants were pretreated by a specific ABA synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate and then subjected to salt stress (150 mM NaCl). Tungstate did not directly affect root ABA content and photosynthetic parameters, whereas it inhibited root ABA accumulation and induced a greater decrease in photosynthetic rate under salt stress. The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) significantly declined in tungstate-pretreated plants under salt stress, suggesting photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition appeared. PSII photoinhibition did not prevent PSI photoinhibition by restricting electron donation, as the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSI (ΔMR/MR₀) was lowered. In line with photoinhibition, elevated H₂O₂ concentration and lipid peroxidation corroborated salt-induced oxidative stress in tungstate-pretreated plants. Less decrease in ΔMR/MR₀ and Fv/Fm indicated that PSII and PSI in non-pretreated plants could maintain better performance than tungstate-pretreated plants under salt stress. Consistently, greater reduction in PSII and PSI reaction center protein abundance confirmed the elevated vulnerability of photosystems to salt stress in tungstate-pretreated plants. Overall, the root ABA signal participated in defending the photosystem's photoinhibition and protecting photosynthesis in Jerusalem artichoke under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Tiantian Bian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenjun He
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Mengxue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Mingzhu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Abstract
Photosynthetic electron transfer chain (ETC) converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. Four large protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane harvest solar energy to drive electrons from water to NADP+ via two photosystems, and use the created proton gradient for production of ATP. Photosystem PSII, PSI, cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f) and ATPase are all multiprotein complexes with distinct orientation and dynamics in the thylakoid membrane. Valuable information about the composition and interactions of the protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane can be obtained by solubilizing the complexes from the membrane integrity by mild detergents followed by native gel electrophoretic separation of the complexes. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) is an analytical method used for the separation of protein complexes in their native and functional form. The method can be used for protein complex purification for more detailed structural analysis, but it also provides a tool to dissect the dynamic interactions between the protein complexes. The method was developed for the analysis of mitochondrial respiratory protein complexes, but has since been optimized and improved for the dissection of the thylakoid protein complexes. Here, we provide a detailed up-to-date protocol for analysis of labile photosynthetic protein complexes and their interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku;
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