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Baydakova GV, Tsygankova PG, Pechatnikova NL, Bazhanova OA, Nazarenko YD, Zakharova EY. New Acylcarnitine Ratio as a Reliable Indicator of Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Int J Neonatal Screen 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 37754774 PMCID: PMC10531771 DOI: 10.3390/ijns9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiencies are rare fatal disorders of fatty acid β-oxidation with no apparent genotype-phenotype correlation. The measurement of acylcarnitines by MS/MS is a current diagnostic workup in these disorders. Nevertheless, false-positive and false-negative results have been reported, highlighting a necessity for more sensitive and specific biomarkers. This study included 54 patients with LCHAD/MTP deficiency that has been confirmed by biochemical and molecular methods. The analysis of acylcarnitines in dried blood spots was performed using ESI-MS/MS. The established "HADHA ratio" = (C16OH + C18OH + C18:1OH)/C0 was significantly elevated in all 54 affected individuals in comparison to the control group. Apart from 54 LCHAD deficiency patients, the "HADHA ratio" was calculated in 19 patients with very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. As VLCAD-deficient patients did not show increased "HADHA ratio", the results emphasized the high specificity of this new ratio. Therefore, the "HADHA ratio" was shown to be instrumental in improving the overall performance of MS/MS-based analysis of acylcarnitine levels in the diagnostics of LCHAD/MTP deficiencies. The ratio was demonstrated to increase the sensitivity and specificity of this method and reduce the chances of false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Baydakova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Str., 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina G. Tsygankova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Str., 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga A. Bazhanova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Str., 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana D. Nazarenko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Str., 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Melo T, Rocha H, Moreira S, Diogo L, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: From Disease to Lipidomic Studies-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213933. [PMID: 36430419 PMCID: PMC9696092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) caused by defects in the fatty acid (FA) mitochondrial β-oxidation. The most common FAODs are characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain FAs and long-chain (3-hydroxy) FAs (and their carnitine derivatives), respectively. These deregulations are associated with lipotoxicity which affects several organs and potentially leads to life-threatening complications and comorbidities. Changes in the lipidome have been associated with several diseases, including some IEMs. In FAODs, the alteration of acylcarnitines (CARs) and FA profiles have been reported in patients and animal models, but changes in polar and neutral lipid profile are still scarcely studied. In this review, we present the main findings on FA and CAR profile changes associated with FAOD pathogenesis, their correlation with oxidative damage, and the consequent disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in polar and neutral lipid classes and lipid species identified so far and their possible role in FAODs are discussed. We highlight the need of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic studies to understand (epi)lipidome remodelling in FAODs, thus allowing to elucidate the pathophysiology and the identification of possible biomarkers for disease prognosis and an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. S. Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B. Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S. P. Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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3
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Zárybnický T, Heikkinen A, Kangas SM, Karikoski M, Martínez-Nieto GA, Salo MH, Uusimaa J, Vuolteenaho R, Hinttala R, Sipilä P, Kuure S. Modeling Rare Human Disorders in Mice: The Finnish Disease Heritage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113158. [PMID: 34831381 PMCID: PMC8621025 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of genes in animal models has evidently and comprehensively improved our knowledge on proteins and signaling pathways in human physiology and pathology. In this review, we discuss almost 40 monogenic rare diseases that are enriched in the Finnish population and defined as the Finnish disease heritage (FDH). We will highlight how gene-modified mouse models have greatly facilitated the understanding of the pathological manifestations of these diseases and how some of the diseases still lack proper models. We urge the establishment of subsequent international consortiums to cooperatively plan and carry out future human disease modeling strategies. Detailed information on disease mechanisms brings along broader understanding of the molecular pathways they act along both parallel and transverse to the proteins affected in rare diseases, therefore also aiding understanding of common disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zárybnický
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla M. Kangas
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marika Karikoski
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
| | - Guillermo Antonio Martínez-Nieto
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miia H. Salo
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Vuolteenaho
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Satu Kuure
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- GM-Unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
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Rücklová K, Hrubá E, Pavlíková M, Hanák P, Farolfi M, Chrastina P, Vlášková H, Kousal B, Smolka V, Foltenová H, Adam T, Friedecký D, Ješina P, Zeman J, Kožich V, Honzík T. Impact of Newborn Screening and Early Dietary Management on Clinical Outcome of Patients with Long Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency-A Retrospective Nationwide Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092925. [PMID: 34578803 PMCID: PMC8469775 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD/MTPD) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) were included in the expanded neonatal screening program (ENBS) in Czechia in 2009, allowing for the presymptomatic diagnosis and nutritional management of these patients. The aim of our study was to assess the nationwide impact of ENBS on clinical outcome. This retrospective study analysed acute events and chronic complications and their severity in pre-ENBS and post-ENBS cohorts. In total, 28 children (12 before, 16 after ENBS) were diagnosed with LCHADD/MTPD (incidence 0.8/100,000 before and 1.2/100,000 after ENBS). In the subgroup detected by ENBS, a significantly longer interval from birth to first acute encephalopathy was observed. In addition, improvement in neuropathy and cardiomyopathy (although statistically non-significant) was demonstrated in the post-ENBS subgroup. In the MCADD cohort, we included 69 patients (15 before, 54 after ENBS). The estimated incidence rose from 0.7/100,000 before to 4.3/100,000 after ENBS. We confirmed a significant decrease in the number of episodes of acute encephalopathy and lower proportion of intellectual disability after ENBS (p < 0.0001). The genotype-phenotype correlations suggest a new association between homozygosity for the c.1528C > G variant and more severe heart involvement in LCHADD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rücklová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
- Department of Paediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.H.)
| | - Eva Hrubá
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Hanák
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Martina Farolfi
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Petr Chrastina
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Hana Vlášková
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Bohdan Kousal
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vratislav Smolka
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Hana Foltenová
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Tomáš Adam
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.A.); (D.F.)
| | - David Friedecký
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Pavel Ješina
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Jiří Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
| | - Tomáš Honzík
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.H.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (H.V.); (P.J.); (J.Z.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.H.)
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5
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Amaral AU, Wajner M. Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects: Secondary Alterations of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis Caused by the Accumulating Fatty Acids. Front Genet 2020; 11:598976. [PMID: 33329744 PMCID: PMC7729159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities are considered the most frequent fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD). They are biochemically characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain, long-chain hydroxyl, and long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, respectively, in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients. Clinical manifestations commonly include hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still poorly understood, energy deprivation secondary to blockage of fatty acid degradation seems to play an important role. However, recent evidence indicates that the predominant fatty acids accumulating in these disorders disrupt mitochondrial functions and are involved in their pathophysiology, possibly explaining the lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, and altered mitochondrial biochemical parameters found in tissues and cultured fibroblasts from some affected patients and also in animal models of these diseases. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on disturbances of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial permeability transition induction provoked by the major fatty acids accumulating in prevalent FAOD. It is emphasized that further in vivo studies carried out in tissues from affected patients and from animal genetic models of these disorders are necessary to confirm the present evidence mostly achieved from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Ribas GS, Vargas CR. Evidence that Oxidative Disbalance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction are Involved in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:521-532. [PMID: 32876899 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (FAODs) are a group of about 20 diseases which are caused by specific mutations in genes that codify proteins or enzymes involved in the fatty acid transport and mitochondrial β-oxidation. As a consequence of these inherited metabolic defects, fatty acids can not be used as an appropriate energetic source during special conditions, such as prolonged fasting, exercise or other catabolic states. Therefore, patients usually present hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, severe skeletal myopathy and neuropathy, besides biochemical features like hypoketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotony and hyperammonemia. This set of symptoms seems to be related not only with the energy deficiency, but also with toxic effects provoked by fatty acids and carnitine derivatives accumulated in the tissues of the patients. The understanding of the mechanisms by which these metabolites provoke tissue injury in FAODs is crucial for the developmental of novel therapeutic strategies that promote increased life expectancy, as well as improved life quality for patients. In this sense, the objective of this review is to present evidence from the scientific literature on the role of oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent FAODs: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. It is expected that the findings presented in this review, obtained from both animal model and patients studies, may contribute to a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Schmitt Ribas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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7
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Rexius-Hall ML, Khalil NN, Andres AM, McCain ML. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) increases oxidative capacity and contractile stress generated by engineered skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2020; 34:11562-11576. [PMID: 32652761 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901039rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle fibers, mitochondria are densely packed adjacent to myofibrils because adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is needed to fuel sarcomere shortening. However, despite this close physical and biochemical relationship, the effects of mitochondrial dynamics on skeletal muscle contractility are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1), an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, on the structure and function of both mitochondria and myofibrils in skeletal muscle tissues engineered on micromolded gelatin hydrogels. Treatment with mdivi-1 did not alter myotube morphology, but did increase the mitochondrial turbidity and oxidative capacity, consistent with reduced mitochondrial fission. Mdivi-1 also significantly increased basal, twitch, and tetanus stresses, as measured using the Muscular Thin Film (MTF) assay. Finally, mdivi-1 increased sarcomere length, potentially due to mdivi-1-induced changes in mitochondrial volume and compression of myofibrils. Together, these results suggest that mdivi-1 increases contractile stress generation, which may be caused by an increase in maximal respiration and/or sarcomere length due to increased volume of individual mitochondria. These data reinforce that mitochondria have both biochemical and biomechanical roles in skeletal muscle and that mitochondrial dynamics can be manipulated to alter muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rexius-Hall
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie N Khalil
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allen M Andres
- Smidt Heart Institute and Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and permeability transition induction caused by major long-chain fatty acids accumulating in VLCAD deficiency in skeletal muscle as potential pathomechanisms of myopathy. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Ure DR, Trepanier DJ, Mayo PR, Foster RT. Cyclophilin inhibition as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:163-178. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Cecatto C, Amaral AU, Wajner A, Wajner SM, Castilho RF, Wajner M. Disturbance of mitochondrial functions associated with permeability transition pore opening induced by cis-5-tetradecenoic and myristic acids in liver of adolescent rats. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:1-13. [PMID: 31655165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency commonly present liver dysfunction whose pathogenesis is poorly known. We demonstrate here that major metabolites accumulating in this disorder, namely cis-5-tetradecenoic acid (Cis-5) and myristic acid (Myr), markedly impair mitochondrial respiration, decreasing ATP production in liver mitochondrial preparations from adolescent rats. Other parameters of mitochondrial homeostasis such as membrane potential (ΔΨm) and Ca2+retention capacity were strongly compromised by these fatty acids, involving induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. The present data indicate that disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca2+homeostasis may contribute to the liver dysfunction of VLCAD deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Mäkelä AM, Hohtola E, Miinalainen IJ, Autio JA, Schmitz W, Niemi KJ, Hiltunen JK, Autio KJ. Mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (Decr) deficiency and impairment of thermogenesis in mouse brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12038. [PMID: 31427678 PMCID: PMC6700156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health. However, many aspects on signals translating PUFA-sensing into body homeostasis have remained enigmatic. To shed light on PUFA physiology, we have generated a mouse line defective in mitochondrial dienoyl-CoA reductase (Decr), which is a key enzyme required for β-oxidation of PUFAs. Previously, we have shown that these mice, whose oxidation of saturated fatty acid is intact but break-down of unsaturated fatty acids is blunted, develop severe hypoglycemia during metabolic stresses and fatal hypothermia upon acute cold challenge. In the current work, indirect calorimetry and thermography suggested that cold intolerance of Decr−/− mice is due to failure in maintaining appropriate heat production at least partly due to failure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis showed attenuation in activation of lipolysis despite of functional NE-signaling and inappropriate expression of genes contributing to thermogenesis in iBAT when the Decr−/− mice were exposed to cold. We hypothesize that the failure in turning on BAT thermogenesis occurs due to accumulation of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids or their metabolites in Decr−/− mice BAT suppressing down-stream propagation of NE-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Joonas A Autio
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kalle J Niemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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12
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Cecatto C, Wajner A, Vargas CR, Wajner SM, Amaral AU, Wajner M. High vulnerability of the heart and liver to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid-induced disruption of mitochondrial functions in intact cell systems. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7678-7686. [PMID: 29923625 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency predominantly present severe liver and cardiac dysfunction, as well as neurological symptoms during metabolic crises, whose pathogenesis is still poorly known. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that pathological concentrations of 3-hydroxypalmitic acid (3HPA), the long-chain hydroxyl fatty acid (LCHFA) that most accumulates in LCHAD deficiency, significantly decreased adenosine triphosphate-linked and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in intact cell systems consisting of heart fibers, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes, but less intense in diced forebrain. 3HPA also significantly reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity and membrane potential in Ca2+ -loaded mitochondria more markedly in the heart and the liver, with mild or no effects in the brain, supporting a higher susceptibility of the heart and the liver to the toxic effects of this fatty acid. It is postulated that disruption of mitochondrial energy and Ca2+ homeostasis caused by the accumulation of LCHFA may contribute toward the severe cardiac and hepatic clinical manifestations observed in the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Cecatto C, Amaral AU, da Silva JC, Wajner A, Schimit MDOV, da Silva LHR, Wajner SM, Zanatta Â, Castilho RF, Wajner M. Metabolite accumulation in VLCAD deficiency markedly disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca 2+ homeostasis in the heart. FEBS J 2018; 285:1437-1455. [PMID: 29476646 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of the major long-chain fatty acids accumulating in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, namely cis-5-tetradecenoic acid (Cis-5) and myristic acid (Myr), on important mitochondrial functions in isolated mitochondria from cardiac fibers and cardiomyocytes of juvenile rats. Cis-5 and Myr at pathological concentrations markedly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ), matrix NAD(P)H pool, Ca2+ retention capacity, ADP- (state 3) and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazine-stimulated (uncoupled) respiration, and ATP generation. By contrast, these fatty acids increased resting (state 4) respiration (uncoupling effect) with the involvement of the adenine nucleotide translocator because carboxyatractyloside significantly attenuated the increased state 4 respiration provoked by Cis-5 and Myr. Furthermore, the classical inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore cyclosporin A plus ADP, as well as the Ca2+ uptake blocker ruthenium red, fully prevented the Cis-5- and Myr-induced decrease in ΔΨm in Ca2+ -loaded mitochondria, suggesting, respectively, the induction of MPT pore opening and the contribution of Ca2+ toward these effects. The findings of the present study indicate that the major long-chain fatty acids that accumulate in VLCAD deficiency disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca2+ homeostasis, acting as uncouplers and metabolic inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, as well as inducers of MPT pore opening, in the heart at pathological relevant concentrations. It is therefore presumed that a disturbance of bioenergetics and Ca2+ homeostasis may contribute to the cardiac manifestations observed in VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Janaína Camacho da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Vargas Schimit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Lefort B, Gouache E, Acquaviva C, Tardieu M, Benoist JF, Dumas JF, Servais S, Chevalier S, Vianey-Saban C, Labarthe F. Pharmacological inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 restores mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human trifunctional protein deficient fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1292-1299. [PMID: 28392417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein deficiency (TFPD) is a severe genetic disease characterized by altered energy metabolism and accumulation of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines in blood and tissues. This accumulation could impair the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), contributing to the non-optimal outcome despite conventional diet therapy with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). METHOD Acylcarnitine and OxPhos parameters were measured in TFPD-fibroblasts obtained from 8 children and cultured in medium mimicking fasting (LCFA) or conventional treatment (MCT), with or without Etomoxir (ETX) an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity, and were compared to results obtained with fibroblasts from 5 healthy-control children. The effects of various acylcarnitines were also tested on control fibroblasts. RESULTS In the LCFA-condition, TFPD-fibroblasts demonstrated a large accumulation of LC-acylcarnitines associated with decreased O2-consumption (63±3% of control, P<0.001) and ATP production (67±5%, P<0.001) without modification of coupling efficiency. A dose-dependent decrease in O2-consumption was reproduced in control fibroblasts by addition of increasing dose of LC-acylcarnitines, while it was almost preserved with MC-acylcarnitines. The MCT-condition reduced LC-acylcarnitine accumulation and partially improved O2-consumption (80±3%, P<0.01) in TFPD-fibroblasts. The addition of ETX in both LCFA- and MCT-conditions normalized acylcarnitine profiles and restored O2-consumption and ATP production at the same levels than control. CONCLUSION Accumulation of LC-acylcarnitines plays a major role in the pathophysiology of TFPD, reducing OxPhos capacities. These deleterious effects could be partially prevented by MCT-therapy and totally corrected by ETX. Inhibition of CPT1 may be view as a new therapeutic target for patients with a severe form of TFPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lefort
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Elodie Gouache
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Marine Tardieu
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - François Labarthe
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and Inserm U1069, Université François Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Universités, Tours, France
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15
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cis-4-Decenoic and decanoic acids impair mitochondrial energy, redox and Ca(2+) homeostasis and induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in rat brain and liver: Possible implications for the pathogenesis of MCAD deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1363-1372. [PMID: 27240720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of octanoic (OA), decanoic (DA) and cis-4-decenoic (cDA) acids, as well as by their carnitine by-products. Untreated patients present episodic encephalopathic crises and biochemical liver alterations, whose pathophysiology is poorly known. We investigated the effects of OA, DA, cDA, octanoylcarnitine (OC) and decanoylcarnitine (DC) on critical mitochondrial functions in rat brain and liver. DA and cDA increased resting respiration and diminished ADP- and CCCP-stimulated respiration and complexes II-III and IV activities in both tissues. The data indicate that these compounds behave as uncouplers and metabolic inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Noteworthy, metabolic inhibition was more evident in brain as compared to liver. DA and cDA also markedly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, NAD(P)H content and Ca(2+) retention capacity in Ca(2+)-loaded brain and liver mitochondria. The reduction of Ca(2+) retention capacity was more pronounced in liver and totally prevented by cyclosporine A and ADP, as well as by ruthenium red, demonstrating the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and Ca(2+). Furthermore, cDA induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver mitochondria and increased hydrogen peroxide formation in brain, suggesting the participation of oxidative damage in cDA-induced alterations. Interestingly, OA, OC and DC did not alter the evaluated parameters, implying lower toxicity for these compounds. Our results suggest that DA and cDA, in contrast to OA and medium-chain acylcarnitines, disturb important mitochondrial functions in brain and liver by multiple mechanisms that are possibly involved in the neuropathology and liver alterations observed in MCAD deficiency.
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16
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Amaral AU, Cecatto C, Castilho RF, Wajner M. 2-Methylcitric acid impairs glutamate metabolism and induces permeability transition in brain mitochondria. J Neurochem 2016; 137:62-75. [PMID: 26800654 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA) is observed in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias, which are clinically characterized by severe neurological symptoms. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of brain abnormalities in these diseases are poorly established and very little has been reported on the role of 2MCA. In the present work we found that 2MCA markedly inhibited ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate, with a less significant inhibition in pyruvate plus malate respiring mitochondria. However, no alterations occurred when α-ketoglutarate or succinate was used as respiratory substrates, suggesting a defect on glutamate oxidative metabolism. It was also observed that 2MCA decreased ATP formation in glutamate plus malate or pyruvate plus malate-supported mitochondria. Furthermore, 2MCA inhibited glutamate dehydrogenase activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Kinetic studies revealed that this inhibitory effect was competitive in relation to glutamate. In contrast, assays of osmotic swelling in non-respiring mitochondria suggested that 2MCA did not significantly impair mitochondrial glutamate transport. Finally, 2MCA provoked a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and induced swelling in Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria supported by different substrates. These effects were totally prevented by cyclosporine A plus ADP or ruthenium red, indicating induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that 2MCA behaves as a potent inhibitor of glutamate oxidation by inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase activity and as a permeability transition inducer, disturbing mitochondrial energy homeostasis. We presume that 2MCA-induced mitochondrial deleterious effects may contribute to the pathogenesis of brain damage in patients affected by methylmalonic and propionic acidemias. We propose that brain glutamate oxidation is disturbed by 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA), which accumulates in tissues from patients with propionic and methylmalonic acidemias because of a competitive inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. 2MCA also induced mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) and decreased ATP generation in brain mitochondria. We believe that these pathomechanisms may be involved in the neurological dysfunction of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00281. [PMID: 26589966 PMCID: PMC4718505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by FAOD commonly present with hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and encephalopathy. Human and animal evidences indicate that mitochondrial functions are disrupted by fatty acids and derivatives accumulating in these disorders, suggesting that lipotoxicity may contribute to their pathogenesis. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an important group of inborn errors of metabolism. Affected patients usually present with severe hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy, whereas some patients may suffer acute and/or progressive encephalopathy whose pathogenesis is poorly known. In recent years growing evidence has emerged indicating that energy deficiency/disruption of mitochondrial homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of some fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet established. Characteristic fatty acids and carnitine derivatives are found at high concentrations in these patients and more markedly during episodes of metabolic decompensation that are associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is conceivable that these compounds may be toxic. We will briefly summarize the current knowledge obtained from patients and genetic mouse models with these disorders indicating that disruption of mitochondrial energy, redox and calcium homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage in the more common FAOD, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. We will also provide evidence that the fatty acids and derivatives that accumulate in these diseases disrupt mitochondrial homoeostasis. The elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of these compounds may offer new perspectives for potential novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies in selected disorders of this group.
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18
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Cecatto C, Hickmann FH, Rodrigues MDN, Amaral AU, Wajner M. Deregulation of mitochondrial functions provoked by long-chain fatty acid accumulating in long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and mitochondrial permeability transition deficiencies in rat heart--mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening as a potential contributing pathomechanism of cardiac alterations in these disorders. FEBS J 2015; 282:4714-26. [PMID: 26408230 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are fatty acid oxidation disorders biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, including the monocarboxylic long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (LCHFAs) 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3HTA) and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid (3HPA). Patients commonly present severe cardiomyopathy for which the pathogenesis is still poorly established. We investigated the effects of 3HTA and 3HPA, the major metabolites accumulating in these disorders, on important parameters of mitochondrial homeostasis in Ca(2+) -loaded heart mitochondria. 3HTA and 3HPA significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, the matrix NAD(P)H pool and Ca(2+) retention capacity, and also induced mitochondrial swelling. These fatty acids also provoked a marked decrease of ATP production reflecting severe energy dysfunction. Furthermore, 3HTA-induced mitochondrial alterations were completely prevented by the classical mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) inhibitors cyclosporin A and ADP, as well as by ruthenium red, a Ca(2+) uptake blocker, indicating that LCHFAs induced Ca(2+)-dependent mPT pore opening. Milder effects only achieved at higher doses of LCHFAs were observed in brain mitochondria, implying a higher vulnerability of heart to these fatty acids. By contrast, 3HTA and docosanoic acids did not change mitochondrial homeostasis, indicating selective effects for monocarboxylic LCHFAs. The present data indicate that the major LCHFAs accumulating in mitochondrial trifunctional protein and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies induce mPT pore opening, compromising Ca(2+) homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation more intensely in the heart. It is proposed that these pathomechanisms may contribute at least in part to the severe cardiac alterations characteristic of patients affected by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda H Hickmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marília D N Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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