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Bouazza A, Fontaine E, Leverve X, Koceir EA. Interference of altered plasma trace elements profile with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress damage to insulin secretion dysfunction in Psammomys obesus: focus on the selenium. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:505-518. [PMID: 33171059 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1839501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between altered plasma trace elements, particularly selenium (Se), with Hyper-homocysteinemia (HhCys) as a predictive factor of insulin secretion dysfunction. The study is carried out on adult Psammomys obesus, divided in 4 experimental groups: (I) Normoglycemic/Normoinsulinemic; (II) Normoglycemic/Hyperinsulinemic; (III) Hyperglycaemic/Hyperinsulinemic and (IV) Hyperglycaemic/Insulin deficiency with ketoacidosis. The data showed that a drastic depletion of Se plasma levels is positively correlated with HhCys (>15 µmol/L; p < .001), concomitantly with decreased GPx activity, GSH levels, and GSH/GSSG ratio in group IV both in plasma and liver. In contrast, SOD activity is increased (p ≤ .001) in group IV both in plasma and liver. However, plasma Cu and Mn levels increased, while plasma Zn levels decreased in group IV (p < .001). Our study confirms the increase of plasma hCys levels seemed to be a major contributing factor to antioxidant capacities and alters the availability of selenium metabolism by interference with homocysteine synthesis in the insulin secretion deficiency stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazza
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Leverve
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, Biological Sciences faculty, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Shih YL, Shih CC, Huang TC, Chen JY. The Relationship between Elevated Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome in a Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in Taiwan. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020378. [PMID: 36830912 PMCID: PMC9952893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a serious health problem in society. Homocysteine is a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between homocysteine levels and metabolic syndrome. (2) Methods: A total of 398 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included in our study. First, we divided the participants into two groups: the metabolic syndrome group and the nonmetabolic syndrome group. Second, according to tertiles of homocysteine levels from low to high, the participants were divided into first, second, and third groups. Pearson's correlation was then calculated for homocysteine levels and metabolic factors. Scatterplots are presented. Finally, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the second and third groups compared with the first group was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. (3) Results: In our study, the metabolic syndrome group had higher homocysteine levels, and the participants in the third group were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the third group, which had the highest homocysteine level, was associated with metabolic syndrome with an odds ratio of 2.32 compared with the first group after adjusting for risk factors. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that high plasma homocysteine levels were independently associated with MetS in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Shih
- United Safety Medical Group, General Administrative Department, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Waddingham MT, Sonobe T, Tsuchimochi H, Edgley AJ, Sukumaran V, Chen YC, Hansra SS, Schwenke DO, Umetani K, Aoyama K, Yagi N, Kelly DJ, Gaderi S, Herwig M, Kolijn D, Mügge A, Paulus WJ, Ogo T, Shirai M, Hamdani N, Pearson JT. Diastolic dysfunction is initiated by cardiomyocyte impairment ahead of endothelial dysfunction due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental prediabetes model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Movassat J, Delangre E, Liu J, Gu Y, Janel N. Hypothesis and Theory: Circulating Alzheimer's-Related Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes. Insight From the Goto-Kakizaki Rat. Front Neurol 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 31293498 PMCID: PMC6606723 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). AD is anatomically associated with an early progressive accumulation of Aβ leading to a gradual Tau hyperphosphorylation, which constitute the main characteristics of damaged brain in AD. Apart from these processes, mounting evidence suggests that specific features of diabetes, namely impaired glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the brain, play a key role in AD. Moreover, several studies report a potential role of Aβ and Tau in peripheral tissues such as pancreatic β cells. Thus, it appears that several biological pathways associated with diabetes overlap with AD. The link between peripheral insulin resistance and brain insulin resistance with concomitant cognitive impairment may also potentially be mediated by a liver/pancreatic/brain axis, through the excessive trafficking of neurotoxic molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Insulin resistance incites inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation modulates the homocysteine cycle in T2D patients. Elevated plasma homocysteine level is a risk factor for AD pathology and is also closely associated with metabolic syndrome. We previously demonstrated a strong association between homocysteine metabolism and insulin via cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) activity, the enzyme implicated in the first step of the trans-sulfuration pathway, in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous model of T2D, with close similarities with human T2D. CBS activity is also correlated with DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and Tau phosphorylation, which are implicated in a wide range of disease such as T2D and AD. We hypothesized that DYRK1A, BDNF, and Tau, could be among molecular factors linking T2D to AD. In this focused review, we briefly examine the main mechanisms linking AD to T2D and provide the first evidence that certain circulating AD biomarkers are found in diabetic GK rats. We propose that the spontaneous model of T2D in GK rat could be a suitable model to investigate molecular mechanisms linking T2D to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Movassat
- Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Junjun Liu
- Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - YuChen Gu
- Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
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Candeias E, Duarte AI, Sebastião I, Fernandes MA, Plácido AI, Carvalho C, Correia S, Santos RX, Seiça R, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Middle-Aged Diabetic Females and Males Present Distinct Susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease-like Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6471-6489. [PMID: 27730513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly concerning public health problem of the twenty-first century. Currently, it is estimated that T2D affects 422 million people worldwide with a rapidly increasing prevalence. During the past two decades, T2D has been widely shown to have a major impact in the brain. This, together with the cognitive decline and increased risk for dementia upon T2D, may arise from the complex interaction between normal brain aging and central insulin signaling dysfunction. Among the several features shared between T2D and some neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease (AD)), the impairment of insulin signaling may be a key link. However, these may also involve changes in sex hormones' function and metabolism, ultimately contributing to the different susceptibilities between females and males to some pathologies. For example, female sex has been pointed as a risk factor for AD, particularly after menopause. However, less is known on the underlying molecular mechanisms or even if these changes start during middle-age (perimenopause). From the above, we hypothesized that sex differentially affects hormone-mediated intracellular signaling pathways in T2D brain, ultimately modulating the risk for neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to evaluate sex-associated alterations in estrogen/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/insulin-related signaling, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks in middle-aged control and T2D rat brain cortices. We used brain cortices homogenates obtained from middle-aged (8-month-old) control Wistar and non-obese, spontaneously T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) male and female rats. Peripheral characterization of the animal models was done by standard biochemical analyses of blood, plasma, or serum. Steroid sex hormones, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks were given by specific ELISA kits and colorimetric techniques, whereas the levels of intracellular signaling proteins were determined by Western blotting. Albeit the high levels of plasma estradiol and progesterone observed in middle-aged control females suggested that they were still under their reproductive phase, some gonadal dysfunction might be already occurring in T2D ones, hence, anticipating their menopause. Moreover, the higher blood and lower brain cholesterol levels in female rats suggested that its dysfunctional uptake into the brain cortex may also hamper peripheral estrogen uptake and/or its local brain steroidogenic metabolism. Despite the massive drop in IGF-1 levels in females' brains, particularly upon T2D, they might have developed some compensatory mechanisms towards the maintenance of estrogen, IGF-1, and insulin receptors function and of the subsequent Akt- and ERK1/2-mediated signaling. These may ultimately delay the deleterious AD-like brain changes (including oxidative damage to lipids and DNA, amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and increased tau protein phosphorylation) associated with T2D and/or age (reproductive senescence) in female rats. By demonstrating that differential sex steroid hormone profiles/action may play a pivotal role in brain over T2D progression, the present study reinforces the need to establish sex-specific preventive and/or therapeutic approaches and an appropriate time window for the efficient treatment against T2D and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Candeias
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Duarte
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Sebastião
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M A Fernandes
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Plácido
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carvalho
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Correia
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R X Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M S Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Oliveira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Chichger H, Cleasby ME, Srai SK, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES, Marks J. Experimental type II diabetes and related models of impaired glucose metabolism differentially regulate glucose transporters at the proximal tubule brush border membrane. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:731-42. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences; Anglia Ruskin University; Cambridge UK
| | - Mark E. Cleasby
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; London UK
| | - Surjit K. Srai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology; University College London; London UK
| | - Robert J. Unwin
- London Epithelial Group, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
- Centre for Nephrology; University College London; London UK
| | - Edward S. Debnam
- London Epithelial Group, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| | - Joanne Marks
- London Epithelial Group, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
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Sarna LK, Siow YL, O K. The CBS/CSE system: a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 93:1-11. [PMID: 25493326 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad spectrum liver disorder diagnosed in patients without a history of alcohol abuse. NAFLD is growing at alarming rates worldwide. Its pathogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. The cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) system regulates homocysteine and cysteine metabolism and contributes to endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the hepatic CBS/CSE system, and for the first time, positions this system as a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD. As will be discussed, the CBS/CSE system is highly expressed and active in the liver. Its dysregulation, presenting as alterations in circulating homocysteine and (or) H2S levels, has been reported in NAFLD patients and in NAFLD-associated co-morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Intricate links between the CBS/CSE system and a number of metabolic and stress related molecular mediators have also emerged. Various dysfunctions in the hepatic CBS/CSE system have been reported in animal models representative of each NAFLD spectrum. It is anticipated that a newfound appreciation for the hepatic CBS/CSE system will emerge that will improve our understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, and give rise to new prospective targets for management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsei K Sarna
- a Laboratory of Integrative Biology, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Delabar JM, Latour A, Noll C, Renon M, Salameh S, Paul JL, Arbones M, Movassat J, Janel N. One-carbon cycle alterations induced by Dyrk1a dosage. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:487-492. [PMID: 27896129 PMCID: PMC5121348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia due to cystathionine beta synthase deficiency confers diverse clinical manifestations. It is characterized by elevated plasma homocysteine levels, a common amino acid metabolized by remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine. We recently found a relationship between hepatic Dyrk1A protein expression, a serine/threonine kinase involved in signal transduction in biological processes, hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine activity, and plasma homocysteine levels. We aimed to study whether there is also a relationship between Dyrk1a and cystathionine beta synthase activity. We used different murine models carrying altered gene coy numbers for Dyrk1a, and found a decreased cystathionine beta synthase activity in the liver of mice under-expressing Dyrk1a, and an increased in liver of mice over-expressing Dyrk1a. For each model, a positive correlation was found between cystathionine beta synthase activity and Dyrk1a protein expression in the liver of mice, which was confirmed in a non-modified genetic context. The positive correlation found between liver Dyrk1a protein expression and CBS activity in modified and non-modified genetic context strengthens the role of this kinase in one carbon metabolism.
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Key Words
- CBS, cystathionine beta synthase
- Cystathionine beta synthase
- DS, Down syndrome
- DYRK, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase
- Dyrk1a
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-gallate
- GABA, gamma-amino-butyric-acid
- GK, Goto-Kakizaki
- Homocysteine
- Liver
- Murine model
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase
- PLP, pyridoxal phosphate
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazole
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAHH, SAH hydrolase
- hcy, homocysteine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Alizée Latour
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Noll
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Renon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Sacha Salameh
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France; Univ Paris-Sud, EA 4529, UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mariona Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
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Hwang SY, Sarna LK, Siow YL, O K. High-fat diet stimulates hepatic cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase expression. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:913-9. [PMID: 24117258 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) catalyze homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism via the trans-sulfuration pathway. They are also responsible for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production via desulfuration reactions. The liver contributes significantly to the regulation of Hcy and H2S homeostasis, which might participate in many physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on hepatic CBS and CSE expression and its impact on Hcy and H2S metabolism. Mice (C57BL/6) fed a HFD (60% kcal fat) for 5 weeks developed fatty liver. The mRNA and protein levels of CBS and CSE in the liver were significantly elevated in mice fed a HFD. Subsequently the metabolism of Hcy by CBS and CSE was increased in the liver, and its level decreased in the circulation. Increased CBS and CSE expression also caused a significant elevation in H2S production in the liver. The level of lipid peroxides was elevated, indicating oxidative stress, while the level of total glutathione remained unchanged in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Upregulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway might play an adaptive role against oxidative stress by maintaining total glutathione levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Hwang
- a Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Pravenec M, Kozich V, Krijt J, Sokolová J, Zídek V, Landa V, Simáková M, Mlejnek P, Silhavy J, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdová L, Kurtz TW. Folate deficiency is associated with oxidative stress, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:135-40. [PMID: 23382337 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of folate deficiency and associated hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is not fully established. In the current study, we analyzed the role of folate deficiency in pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS Metabolic and hemodynamic traits were assessed in SHR/Ola rats fed either folate-deficient or control diet for 4 weeks starting at the age of 3 months. RESULTS Compared to SHRs fed a folate-replete diet, SHRs fed a folate-deficient diet showed significantly reduced serum folate (104 ± 5 vs. 11 ± 1 nmol/L, P < 0.0005) and urinary folate excretion (4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/16 h, P < 0.0005) together with a near 3-fold increase in plasma total homocysteine concentration (4.5 ± 0.1 vs 13.1 ± 0.7 μmol/L, P < 0.0005), ectopic fat accumulation in liver, and impaired glucose tolerance. Folate deficiency also increased systolic blood pressure by approximately 15 mm Hg (P < 0.01). In addition, the low-folate diet was accompanied by significantly reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased concentrations of lipoperoxidation products in liver, renal cortex, and heart. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the SHR model is susceptible to the adverse metabolic and hemodynamic effects of low dietary intake of folate. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that folate deficiency can promote oxidative stress and multiple features of the metabolic syndrome that are associated with increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Patsiaoura K, Katsiki E, Zafeiriadou E, Deretzi G, Zavos C, Gavalas E, Katsinelos P, Mane V, Slavakis A. Serum homocysteine levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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