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Kartau M, Kartau J, Pohja M, Verkkoniemi‐Ahola A. Plasma antioxidant potential measured by total radical trapping antioxidant parameter in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3377. [PMID: 38376020 PMCID: PMC10794128 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative injury has been implicated as a mediator of demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a high demand for oxidative injury biomarkers. The aim of the study was to evaluate MS patients' plasma antioxidant potential using the total radical trapping parameter (TRAP) assay and examine its usefulness as an MS disease biomarker. METHODS A total number of 112 MS patients underwent an analysis of TRAP. In addition, plasma uric acid (UA) levels were analyzed. The neurological and radiological data were collected from patient records from Helsinki University Hospital during 2012-2013 when first-line injectables of moderate-efficacy, natalizumab (NTZ), and fingolimod (FTY) of high efficacy disease modifying therapies and in some cases azathioprine (AZT) were used to treat MS. RESULTS TRAP values were negatively associated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score with p-value .052, β = -28. There was also a negative association in TRAP values between patients with no medication (n = 22, TRAP mean 1255 μmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 1136-1374)) and patients who received NTZ, p-value .020 (n = 19, TRAP mean was 991 μmol/L (95% CI 849-1133) or FTY treatment, p-value .030 (n = 5, TRAP mean 982 μmol/L (95% CI 55-1909). Due to a small sample size, these results were not significant after applying a false discovery rate correction at a 0.05 significance level but are worth highlighting. Men in the study had higher TRAP values, p-value = .001 (TRAP mean 1320 ± 293 μmol/L) than women (TRAP mean 1082 ± 288 μmol/L). UA was positively associated with TRAP values, p-value <.001 and UA levels in men (UA mean 334.5 ± 62.6 μmol/L) were higher compared to women (UA mean 240 ± 55.8 μmol/L), t-test p-value <.001. The significant difference in TRAP levels between genders, with men showing higher TRAP values than women, may be attributed to the variation in UA levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lower plasma antioxidant potential is linked to more severe disability measured by EDSS scores. Patients treated with NTZ and FTY had reduced antioxidant power, which might be influenced by the active MS disease rather than the treatments themselves. The study reveals a strong positive correlation between UA levels and TRAP, particularly among women. However, men on average had better antioxidant potential than women. Neither the disease type nor the duration influences TRAP levels. While serving as a marker of antioxidant potential, plasma TRAP in MS patients does not reliably reflect overall oxidative stress (OS) and should not be solely used as an indicator of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marge Kartau
- Clinical Neurosciences, NeurologyHelsinki University Hospital and Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Joonas Kartau
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjatta Pohja
- Clinical Neurosciences, NeurologyHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Guo Y, Hu Y, Huang Y, Huang L, Kanamaru H, Takemoto Y, Li H, Li D, Gu J, Zhang JH. Role of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ and PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:822-837. [PMID: 36481985 PMCID: PMC10275823 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) were shown to play an important role in the regulation of free radical-mediated pathology. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ERRγ activation against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, the time course of ERRs and SIRT3 and the effects of ERRγ activation were investigated. ERRγ agonist DY131, selective inhibitor GSK5182, or SIRT3 selective inhibitor 3-TYP were administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the rat model of SAH. The use of 3-TYP was for validating SIRT3 as the downstream signaling of ERRγ activation. Post-SAH assessments included SAH grade, neurological score, Western blot, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining in rats. In an vitro study, the ERRγ agonist DY131 and ERRγ siRNA were administered to primary cortical neurons stimulated by Hb, after which cell viability and neuronal deaths were accessed. Lastly, the brain ERRγ levels and neuronal death were accessed in SAH patients. We found that brain ERRγ expressions were significantly increased, but the expression of SIRT3 dramatically decreased after SAH in rats. In the brains of SAH rats, ERRγ was expressed primarily in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The activation of ERRγ with DY131 significantly improved the short-term and long-term neurological deficits, accompanied by reductions in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH in rats. DY131 treatment significantly increased the expressions of PGC-1α, SIRT3, and Bcl-2 while downregulating the expressions of 4-HNE and Bax. ERRγ antagonist GSK5182 and SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP abolished the neuroprotective effects of ERRγ activation in the SAH rats. An in vitro study showed that Hb stimulation significantly increased intracellular oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and DY131 reduced such elevations. Primary cortical neurons transfected with the ERRγ siRNA exhibited notable apoptosis and abolished the protective effect of DY131. The examination of SAH patients' brain samples revealed increases in ERRγ expressions and neuronal apoptosis marker CC3. We concluded that ERRγ activation with DY131 ameliorated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after the experimental SAH. The effects were, at least in part, through the ERRγ/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway. ERRγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Dujuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Drvenica IT, Stančić AZ, Maslovarić IS, Trivanović DI, Ilić VL. Extracellular Hemoglobin: Modulation of Cellular Functions and Pathophysiological Effects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36421721 PMCID: PMC9688122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis through its ability to bind and transport oxygen to the tissues. Besides its ability to transport oxygen, hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays an important role in cellular signaling and modulation of the inflammatory response either directly by binding gas molecules (NO, CO, and CO2) or indirectly by acting as their source. Once hemoglobin reaches the extracellular environment, it acquires several secondary functions affecting surrounding cells and tissues. By modulating the cell functions, this macromolecule becomes involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases. The up-to-date results disclose the impact of extracellular hemoglobin on (i) redox status, (ii) inflammatory state of cells, (iii) proliferation and chemotaxis, (iv) mitochondrial dynamic, (v) chemoresistance and (vi) differentiation. This review pays special attention to applied biomedical research and the use of non-vertebrate and vertebrate extracellular hemoglobin as a promising candidate for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, as well as cell culture medium additive. Although recent experimental settings have some limitations, they provide additional insight into the modulatory activity of extracellular hemoglobin in various cellular microenvironments, such as stem or tumor cells niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T. Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Z. Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina S. Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka I. Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lj. Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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Baldacchino K, Peveler WJ, Lemgruber L, Smith RS, Scharler C, Hayden L, Komarek L, Lindsay SL, Barnett SC, Edgar JM, Linington C, Thümmler K. Myelinated axons are the primary target of hemin-mediated oxidative damage in a model of the central nervous system. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114113. [PMID: 35569511 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Iron released from oligodendrocytes during demyelination or derived from haemoglobin breakdown products is believed to amplify oxidative tissue injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the pathophysiological significance of iron-containing haemoglobin breakdown products themselves is rarely considered in the context of MS and their cellular specificity and mode of action remain unclear. Using myelinating cell cultures, we now report the cytotoxic potential of hemin (ferriprotoporphyrin IX chloride), a major degradation product of haemoglobin, is 25-fold greater than equimolar concentrations of free iron in myelinating cultures; a model that reproduces the complex multicellular environment of the CNS. At low micro molar concentrations (3.3 - 10 μM) we observed hemin preferentially binds to myelin and axons to initiate a complex detrimental response that results in targeted demyelination and axonal loss but spares neuronal cell bodies, astrocytes and the majority of oligodendroglia. Demyelination and axonal loss in this context are executed by a combination of mechanisms that include iron-dependent peroxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis. These effects are microglial-independent, do not require any initiating inflammatory insult and represent a direct effect that compromises the structural integrity of myelinated axons in the CNS. Our data identify hemin-mediated demyelination and axonal loss as a novel mechanism by which intracerebral degradation of haemoglobin may contribute to lesion development in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Baldacchino
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William J Peveler
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Glasgow Imaging Facility, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Sherrard Smith
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorna Hayden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Komarek
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Edgar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Linington
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Thümmler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Modulation of Functional Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Acellular Preparation of Porcine Hemoglobin. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the potential usage of the acellular preparation of porcine hemoglobin (PHb) isolated from slaughterhouse blood as a cell culture media component, we have tested its effects on the functional characteristics of stromal cells of mesodermal origin. Human peripheral blood mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSCs) were used in this study as a primary cell model system, along with three mouse cell lines (ATDC5, MC3T3-E1, and 3T3-L1), which represent more uniform model systems. We investigated the effect of PHb at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM on these cells’ proliferation, cycle, and clonogenic and migratory potential, and found that PHb’s effect depended on both the cell type and its concentration. At the lowest concentration used (0.1 μM), PHb showed the least evident impact on the cell growth and migration; hence, we analyzed its effect on mesenchymal cell multilineage differentiation capacity at this concentration. Even under conditions that induce a specific type of MSC differentiation (cultivation in particular differentiation media), PHb modulated chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, making it a potential candidate for a supplement of MSC culture. Through a model of porcine hemoglobin, these findings also contribute to improving the knowledge of extracellular hemoglobin’s influence on MSCs >in vivo.
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Blood-spinal cord barrier leakage is independent of motor neuron pathology in ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:144. [PMID: 34446086 PMCID: PMC8393479 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease involving progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The pattern of lower motor neuron loss along the spinal cord follows the pattern of deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) restricts entry into the spinal cord parenchyma of blood components that can promote motor neuron degeneration, but in ALS there is evidence for barrier breakdown. Here we sought to quantify BSCB breakdown along the spinal cord axis, to determine whether BSCB breakdown displays the same patterning as motor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin was measured in living ALS patients (n = 87 control, n = 236 ALS) as a potential biomarker of BSCB and blood–brain barrier leakage. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar post-mortem spinal cord tissue (n = 5 control, n = 13 ALS) were then immunolabelled and semi-automated imaging and analysis performed to quantify hemoglobin leakage, lower motor neuron loss, and phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusion load. Hemoglobin leakage was observed along the whole ALS spinal cord axis and was most severe in the dorsal gray and white matter in the thoracic spinal cord. In contrast, motor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy were seen at all three levels of the ALS spinal cord, with most abundant TDP-43 deposition in the anterior gray matter of the cervical and lumbar cord. Our data show that leakage of the BSCB occurs during life, but at end-stage disease the regions with most severe BSCB damage are not those where TDP-43 accumulation is most abundant. This suggests BSCB leakage and TDP-43 pathology are independent pathologies in ALS.
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Pandya CD, Vekaria H, Joseph B, Slone SA, Gensel JC, Sullivan PG, Miller BA. Hemoglobin induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Transl Res 2021; 231:13-23. [PMID: 33460824 PMCID: PMC8016702 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the infant brain give rise to mature oligodendrocytes that myelinate CNS axons. OPCs are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress that occurs in many forms of brain injury. One common cause of infant brain injury is neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which releases blood into the CSF and brain parenchyma of preterm infants. Although blood contains the powerful oxidant hemoglobin, the direct effects of hemoglobin on OPCs have not been studied. We utilized a cell culture system to test if hemoglobin induced free radical production and mitochondrial dysfunction in OPCs. We also tested if phenelzine (PLZ), an FDA-approved antioxidant drug, could protect OPCs from hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress. OPCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rat pups and exposed to hemoglobin with and without PLZ. Outcomes assessed included intracellular reactive oxygen species levels using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescent dye, oxygen consumption using the XFe96 Seahorse assay, and proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation assay. Hemoglobin induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function in OPCs. PLZ treatment reduced hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress and improved OPC mitochondrial bioenergetics. The effects of hemoglobin and PLZ on OPC proliferation were not statistically significant, but showed trends towards hemoglobin reducing OPC proliferation and PLZ increasing OPC proliferation (P=0.06 for both effects). Collectively, our results indicate that hemoglobin induces mitochondrial dysfunction in OPCs and that antioxidant therapy reduces these effects. Therefore, antioxidant therapy may hold promise for white matter diseases in which hemoglobin plays a role, such as neonatal IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu D Pandya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Binoy Joseph
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Stacey A Slone
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brandon A Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Scalisi J, Balau B, Deneyer L, Bouchat J, Gilloteaux J, Nicaise C. Blood-brain barrier permeability towards small and large tracers in a mouse model of osmotic demyelination syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Träger J, Widder K, Kerth A, Harauz G, Hinderberger D. Effect of Cholesterol and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) Content on Lipid Monolayers Mimicking the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Myelin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030529. [PMID: 32106542 PMCID: PMC7140459 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is located in the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. By interacting with lipid membranes, it is responsible for compaction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, which is weakened in demyelinating diseases. The lipid composition of the myelin leaflet has a high impact on the interaction between the membrane and MBP. Cholesterol is present in the cytoplasmic leaflet with a rather high amount of 44% (mol%). In this study, the focus is on the effect of cholesterol, mainly by varying its content, on the interaction of MBP with a lipid monolayer. Therefore, Langmuir lipid monolayers mimicking the cytoplasmic membrane of myelin and monolayers with variations of cholesterol content between 0% and 100% were measured at the air/water interface with additional imaging by fluorescence microscopy. All experiments were performed with and without bovine MBP to study the dependence of the interaction of the protein with the monolayers on the cholesterol content. The native amount of 44% cholesterol in the monolayer combines optima in the order of the monolayer (presumably correlating to compaction and thermodynamic stability) and protein interaction and shows unique features in comparison to lower or higher cholesterol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennica Träger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.T.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Widder
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.T.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kerth
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.T.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.T.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-55-25230
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Widder K, Harauz G, Hinderberger D. Myelin basic protein (MBP) charge variants show different sphingomyelin-mediated interactions with myelin-like lipid monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183077. [PMID: 31805269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is correlated with increased deimination of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the central nervous system. Here, the interaction of MBP C1 (charge: +19) and MBP C8 (charge: +13) with the major lipids of the cytoplasmic side of the oligodendrocyte membrane is analysed using monolayer adsorption experiments and epifluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged proteins and negatively charged lipids in the myelin-like monolayers competes with the incorporation of MBP into regions directly bordering cholesterol-rich domains. The latter is favoured to avoid additional lipid condensation and reduction in fluidity of the phospholipid layer. We find that MBP C1 does not incorporate at the cholesterol-rich domains if sphingomyelin (SM) is absent from the lipid composition. In contrast, MBP C8 is still incorporated near cholesterol-enriched regions without SM. Thus, the highly charged C1 variant needs a specific interaction with SM, whereas for C8 the incorporation at the cholesterol-rich regions is ensured due to its reduced net positive charge. This phenomenon may be relevant for the correlation of higher amounts of MBP C8 in brains of adult MS patients and healthy children, in which the amount of SM is reduced compared to healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Widder
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.
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Magliozzi R, Hametner S, Facchiano F, Marastoni D, Rossi S, Castellaro M, Poli A, Lattanzi F, Visconti A, Nicholas R, Reynolds R, Monaco S, Lassmann H, Calabrese M. Iron homeostasis, complement, and coagulation cascade as CSF signature of cortical lesions in early multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2150-2163. [PMID: 31675181 PMCID: PMC6856609 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intrathecal inflammation, compartmentalized in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in meningeal infiltrates, has fundamental role in inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal injury in cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis (MS). Since the exact link between intrathecal inflammation and mechanisms of cortical pathology remains unknown, we aimed to investigate a detailed proteomic CSF profiling which is able to reflect cortical damage in early MS. Methods We combined new proteomic method, TRIDENT, CSF analysis, and advanced 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 64 MS patients at the time of diagnosis and 26 controls with other neurological disorders. MS patients were stratified according to cortical lesion (CL) load. Results We identified 227 proteins differently expressed between the patients with high and low CL load. These were mainly related to complement and coagulation cascade as well as to iron homeostasis pathway (30 and 6% of all identified proteins, respectively). Accordingly, in the CSF of MS patients with high CL load at diagnosis, significantly higher levels of sCD163 (P < 0.0001), free hemoglobin (Hb) (P < 0.05), haptoglobin (P < 0.0001), and fibrinogen (P < 0.01) were detected. By contrast, CSF levels of sCD14 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MS patients with low CL load. Furthermore, CSF levels of sCD163 positively correlated (P < 0.01) with CSF levels of neurofilament, fibrinogen, and B cell‐related molecules, such as CXCL13, CXCL12, IL10, and BAFF. Interpretation Intrathecal dysregulation of iron homeostasis and coagulation pathway as well as B‐cell and monocyte activity are strictly correlated with cortical damage at early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hametner
- Neuroimmunology Department, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Marastoni
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Molecular Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Castellaro
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Poli
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Lattanzi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Richard Nicholas
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Neuroimmunology Department, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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Nicaise C, Marneffe C, Bouchat J, Gilloteaux J. Osmotic Demyelination: From an Oligodendrocyte to an Astrocyte Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1124. [PMID: 30841618 PMCID: PMC6429405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a disorder of the central myelin that is often associated with a precipitous rise of serum sodium. Remarkably, while the myelin and oligodendrocytes of specific brain areas degenerate during the disease, neighboring neurons and axons appear unspoiled, and neuroinflammation appears only once demyelination is well established. In addition to blood‒brain barrier breakdown and microglia activation, astrocyte death is among one of the earliest events during ODS pathology. This review will focus on various aspects of biochemical, molecular and cellular aspects of oligodendrocyte and astrocyte changes in ODS-susceptible brain regions, with an emphasis on the crosstalk between those two glial cells. Emerging evidence pointing to the initiating role of astrocytes in region-specific degeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Marneffe
- Laboratory of Glia Biology (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joanna Bouchat
- URPhyM-NARILIS, Université de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM-NARILIS, Université de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George's University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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13
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Widder K, Träger J, Kerth A, Harauz G, Hinderberger D. Interaction of Myelin Basic Protein with Myelin-like Lipid Monolayers at Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6095-6108. [PMID: 29722987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the cytoplasmic leaflets of the oligodendrocyte membrane is essential for the formation and compaction of the myelin sheath of the central nervous system and is altered aberrantly and implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis. To gain more detailed insights into this interaction, the adsorption of MBP to model lipid monolayers of similar composition to the myelin of the central nervous system was studied at the air-water interface with monolayer adsorption experiments. Measuring the surface pressure and the related maximum insertion pressure of MBP for different myelin-like lipid monolayers provided information about the specific role of each of the single lipids in the myelin. Depending on the ratio of negatively charged lipids to uncharged lipids and the distance between charges, the adsorption process was found to be determined by two counteracting effects: (i) protein incorporation, resulting in an increasing surface pressure and (ii) lipid condensation due to electrostatic interaction between the positively charged protein and negatively charged lipids, resulting in a decreasing surface pressure. Although electrostatic interactions led to high insertion pressures, the associated lipid condensation lowered the fluidity of the myelin-like monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Widder
- Institut für Chemie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jennica Träger
- Institut für Chemie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Andreas Kerth
- Institut für Chemie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
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14
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Bamm VV, Henein MEL, Sproul SLJ, Lanthier DK, Harauz G. Potential role of ferric hemoglobin in MS pathogenesis: Effects of oxidative stress and extracellular methemoglobin or its degradation products on myelin components. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:494-503. [PMID: 28863941 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-documented relationship between cerebral vasculature and multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions: abnormal accumulations of iron have been found in the walls of the dilated veins in cerebral MS plaques. The source of this iron is unknown, but could be related to the recognized phenomenon of capillary and venous hemorrhages leading to blood extravasation. In turn, hemorrhaging leading to hemolysis results in extracellular release of hemoglobin, a reactive molecule that could induce local oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage. Our previous studies with a reduced form of hemoglobin (oxyHb) have demonstrated its ability to cause extensive lipid and protein oxidation in vitro, which would result in membrane destabilization. Here, we investigated in further detail the mechanism by which the more abundant oxidized form of extracellular hemoglobin (metHb), and dissociated hemin, cause direct oxidative damage to myelin components, specifically membrane-mimetic lipid vesicles and myelin basic protein (MBP), a highly-abundant protein in the CNS. Oxidation of lipids was assessed by the formation of conjugated diene/triene and malondialdehyde, and oxidation of MBP was demonstrated by the bityrosine formation and by the change in protein mass. Our results show that metHb causes oxidative damage to MBP and myelin lipids, partly by transferring its hemin moiety to protein and lipid, but mostly as an intact protein possibly via formation of a ferryl radical. These results elucidating the mechanism of extracellular hemoglobin-induced oxidative damage to myelin components support the need for further research into vascular pathology in MS pathogenesis, to gain insight into the role of iron deposits and/or in stimulation of different comorbidities associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Bamm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Mary E L Henein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shannon L J Sproul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danielle K Lanthier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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15
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Samhan-Arias AK, Maia LB, Cordas CM, Moura I, Gutierrez-Merino C, Moura JJG. Peroxidase-like activity of cytochrome b 5 is triggered upon hemichrome formation in alkaline pH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:373-378. [PMID: 28958890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In alkaline media (pH12) a catalytic peroxidase activity of cytochrome b5 was found associated to a different conformational state. Upon incubation at this pH, cytochrome b5 electronic absorption spectrum was altered, with disappearance of characteristic bands of cytochrome b5 at pH7.0. The appearance of new electronic absorption bands and EPR measurements support the formation of a cytochrome b5 class B hemichrome with an acquired ability to bind polar ligands. This hemichrome is characterized by a negative formal redox potential and the same folding properties than cytochrome b5 at pH7. The acquired peroxidase-like activity of cytochrome b5 found at pH12, driven by a hemichrome formation, suggests a role of this protein in peroxidation products propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Cordas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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16
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Bessonov K, Vassall KA, Harauz G. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the Fyn-SH3 domain with free and phospholipid bilayer-associated 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP)-Insights into a noncanonical and fuzzy interaction. Proteins 2017; 85:1336-1350. [PMID: 28380689 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular details of the association between the human Fyn-SH3 domain, and the fragment of 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) spanning residues S38-S107 (denoted as xα2-peptide, murine sequence numbering), were studied in silico via docking and molecular dynamics over 50-ns trajectories. The results show that interaction between the two proteins is energetically favorable and heavily dependent on the MBP proline-rich region (P93-P98) in both aqueous and membrane environments. In aqueous conditions, the xα2-peptide/Fyn-SH3 complex adopts a "sandwich""-like structure. In the membrane context, the xα2-peptide interacts with the Fyn-SH3 domain via the proline-rich region and the β-sheets of Fyn-SH3, with the latter wrapping around the proline-rich region in a form of a clip. Moreover, the simulations corroborate prior experimental evidence of the importance of upstream segments beyond the canonical SH3-ligand. This study thus provides a more-detailed glimpse into the context-dependent interaction dynamics and importance of the β-sheets in Fyn-SH3 and proline-rich region of MBP. Proteins 2017; 85:1336-1350. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrylo Bessonov
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, Université de Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, Allée de la Découverte 10, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Kenrick A Vassall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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17
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Bamm VV, Geist AM, Harauz G. Correlation of geographic distributions of haptoglobin alleles with prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) - a narrative literature review. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:19-34. [PMID: 27807673 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed that the myelin damage observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be partly mediated through the long-term release and degradation of extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) and the products of its oxidative degradation [Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 71, 1789-1798, 2014]. The protein haptoglobin (Hpt) binds extracellular Hb as a first line of defense, and can serve as a vascular antioxidant. Humans have two different Hpt alleles: Hpt1 and Hpt2, giving either homozygous Hpt1-1 or Hpt2-2 phenotypes, or a heterozygous Hpt1-2 phenotype. We questioned whether those geographic regions with higher frequency of the Hpt2 allele (conversely, lower frequency of Hpt1 allele) would correlate with an increased incidence of MS, because different Hpt phenotypes will have variable anti-oxidative potentials in protecting myelin from damage inflicted by extracellular Hb and its degradation products. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a systematic analysis of the literature on reported geographic distributions of Hpt alleles to compare them with data reported in the World Health Organization Atlas of worldwide MS prevalence. We found the frequency of the Hpt1 allele to be low in European and North American countries with a high prevalence of MS, consistent with our hypothesis. However, this correlation was not observed in China and India, countries with the lowest Hpt1 frequencies, yet low reported prevalence of MS. Nevertheless, this work shows the need for continued refinement of geographic patterns of MS prevalence, including data on ethnic or racial origin, and for new clinical studies to probe the observed correlation and evaluate Hpt phenotype as a predictor of disease variability and progression, severity, and/or comorbidity with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Bamm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arielle M Geist
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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18
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Amri F, Ghouili I, Tonon MC, Amri M, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Hemoglobin-Improved Protection in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Astroglial Cells: Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Caspase Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28443065 PMCID: PMC5385367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in triggering astroglial cell death in diverse neuropathological conditions such as ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that hemoglobin (Hb) is expressed in both resting and reactive glia cells, but nothing is known regarding a possible role of Hb on astroglial cell survival. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of Hb on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured rat astrocytes. Our study demonstrates that administration of graded concentrations of Hb (10-12 to 10-6 M) to H2O2-treated astrocytes reduces cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. H2O2 treatment induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), a drop of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a stimulation of caspase-3/7 activity. Exposure of H2O2-treated cells to Hb was accompanied by marked attenuations of ROS and NO surproductions, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and caspase-3/7 activity increase. The protective action of Hb was blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that Hb is a glioprotective factor that protects astrocytes from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and suggest that Hb may confer neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The anti-apoptotic activity of Hb on astrocytes is mediated through the PKA, PKC, and MAPK transduction pathways and can be accounted for by inhibition of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Amri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ghouili
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandie, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki,
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19
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Lewin A, Hamilton S, Witkover A, Langford P, Nicholas R, Chataway J, Bangham CR. Free serum haemoglobin is associated with brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Wellcome Open Res 2016; 1:10. [PMID: 27996064 PMCID: PMC5159626 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9967.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major cause of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is progressive brain atrophy, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify protein biomarkers of brain atrophy in SPMS. Methods We used surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to carry out an unbiased search for serum proteins whose concentration correlated with the rate of brain atrophy, measured by serial MRI scans over a 2-year period in a well-characterized cohort of 140 patients with SPMS. Protein species were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results There was a significant (p<0.004) correlation between the rate of brain atrophy and a rise in the concentration of proteins at 15.1 kDa and 15.9 kDa in the serum. Tandem mass spectrometry identified these proteins as alpha-haemoglobin and beta-haemoglobin, respectively. The abnormal concentration of free serum haemoglobin was confirmed by ELISA (p<0.001). The serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was also highly significantly raised (p<10-12) in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Conclusions An underlying low-grade chronic intravascular haemolysis is a potential source of the iron whose deposition along blood vessels in multiple sclerosis plaques contributes to the neurodegeneration and consequent brain atrophy seen in progressive disease. Chelators of free serum iron will be ineffective in preventing this neurodegeneration, because the iron (Fe2+) is chelated by haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lewin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,Present address: Department of Mathematics, Brunel University, London, UK,
| | - Shea Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK,
| | - Aviva Witkover
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Langford
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles R.M. Bangham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK,
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20
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Lewin A, Hamilton S, Witkover A, Langford P, Nicholas R, Chataway J, Bangham CRM. Free serum haemoglobin is associated with brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Wellcome Open Res 2016. [PMID: 27996064 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9967.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major cause of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is progressive brain atrophy, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify protein biomarkers of brain atrophy in SPMS. Methods We used surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to carry out an unbiased search for serum proteins whose concentration correlated with the rate of brain atrophy, measured by serial MRI scans over a 2-year period in a well-characterized cohort of 140 patients with SPMS. Protein species were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results There was a significant (p<0.004) correlation between the rate of brain atrophy and a rise in the concentration of proteins at 15.1 kDa and 15.9 kDa in the serum. Tandem mass spectrometry identified these proteins as alpha-haemoglobin and beta-haemoglobin, respectively. The abnormal concentration of free serum haemoglobin was confirmed by ELISA (p<0.001). The serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was also highly significantly raised (p<10-12) in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Conclusions An underlying low-grade chronic intravascular haemolysis is a potential source of the iron whose deposition along blood vessels in multiple sclerosis plaques contributes to the neurodegeneration and consequent brain atrophy seen in progressive disease. Chelators of free serum iron will be ineffective in preventing this neurodegeneration, because the iron (Fe2+) is chelated by haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lewin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Present address: Department of Mathematics, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Shea Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aviva Witkover
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Langford
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles R M Bangham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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New Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1973834. [PMID: 27829982 PMCID: PMC5088319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1973834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by an inflammatory process and demyelination. The etiology of the disease is still not fully understood. Therefore, finding new etiological factors is of such crucial importance. It is suspected that the development of MS may be affected by oxidative stress (OS). In the acute phase OS initiates inflammatory processes and in the chronic phase it sustains neurodegeneration. Redox processes in MS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of axonal bioenergetics, iron accumulation in the brain, impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, and OS memory. The present paper is a review of the current literature about the role of OS in MS and it focuses on all major aspects. The article explains the mechanisms of OS, reports unique biomarkers with regard to their clinical significance, and presents a poorly understood relationship between OS and neurodegeneration. It also provides novel methods of treatment, including the use of antioxidants and the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection. Furthermore, adding new drugs in the treatment of relapse may be useful. The article considers the significance of OS in the current treatment of MS patients.
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22
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Altinoz MA, Ozcan EM, Ince B, Guloksuz S. Hemoglobins as new players in multiple sclerosis: metabolic and immune aspects. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:983-92. [PMID: 27234993 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basic science investigations and clinical observations in recent years indicate that hemoglobins (Hbs) may have important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). These findings can be summarized as follows: 1- Erythrocyte fragility is higher in MS patients, the released free Hb damages blood-brain barrier, myelin basic protein and also triggers iron overload and inflammation. 2- Free Hb may further activate the inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), present on microglia and other innate immunocytes. 3- Hbs are expressed in neural cells including dopaminergic neurons. Also, several studies have demonstrated that Hbs are expressed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia. 4- Hb overexpression in neural cells upregulate mitochondrial complex I-V subunits. The comparison of the mitochondrial proteome between healthy and patients with MS revealed only four differentially expressed proteins including Hb β-chain. 5- Microarray analysis of 8300 genes in monocytes of twins with and without MS showed a difference in 25 genes that include genes encoding α- and β-globins as well. 6- β- and α-globin gene clusters reside at chromosomal regions 11p15.5 and 16p13.3, respectively. Whole genome screen (WGS) in Sardinian MS families using 327 markers revealed linkage in 3 regions including 11p15.5 loci. Further, 11p15.5 and 16p13.3 were part of the 17 regions identified in the WGS study of 136 sibling-pairs in Nordic countries analyzing 399 microsatellite markers. In the light of these findings, we propose that free Hb released from dying erythrocytes is detrimental. On the contrary, intracellular Hbs in neural cells are protective in MS. The genomic linkage findings can be explained by common haematologically-silent Hb variants that may lower the protective function of intracellular Hbs, and therefore, enhance the risk for MS. In the absence of such variants, aberrations in the translational and post-translational mechanisms controlling synthesis of neural Hbs may also enhance the vulnerability to MS. Alternatively, such genetic variants may perturb the metabolism of anti-inflammatory hemorphins produced via cleavage of Hbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Immunology Program, Experimental Medicine Research Institute, Istanbul University, Yildirim Apt. No: 5, D:6, Güven Sk, Nurtepe Mh, Kagithane, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emin M Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ince
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Ozcan ME, Ince B, Karadeli HH, Gedikbasi A, Asil T, Altinoz MA. Higher minor hemoglobin A2 levels in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with lesser disease severity. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2033-8. [PMID: 27578976 PMCID: PMC4998019 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define whether minor adult hemoglobin A2 (HbA2, α2δ2) exerts any protective activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS HbA2 levels were measured in 146 MS patients with high performance liquid chromatography and association with MS Severity Scores (MSSS) were determined. HbA2 associations with blood count parameters were also studied using blood counts evaluated on the same day of high performance liquid chromatography sampling. Routine biochemical parameters were also determined to rule out elusively influential factors, such as anemia and thyroid disorders. RESULTS HbA2 levels negatively correlated with MSSS (Spearman correlation, R: -0.186, P=0.025). Exclusion of confounding factors with a generalized linear model revealed an even stronger negative correlation between HbA2 and MSSS (P<0.001). HbA2 positively correlated with red blood cells (RBCs) (R=0.350, P<0.001) and in turn, RBCs negatively correlated with MSSS (R=-0.180, P=0.031). Average HbA2 levels were highest among patients treated with interferon β1a. CONCLUSION RBC fragility is increased in MS, and recent data suggest that circulating free Hb contributes to neural injury in MS. HbA2 and its oxidative denaturation product hemichrome A2 enhance RBC membrane stability to a greater extent than do major HbA or hemichrome A. Reductions in ischemic cerebrovascular vascular events are reported in β-thalassemia carriers and HbA2 levels are considerably higher in this population. Episodic declines of cerebral blood flow were shown in bipolar disorder, and we have recently shown a protective role of HbA2 against postpartum episodes in females with bipolar disorder. HbA2's erythroprotective functions may reduce free Hb and long-term neural injury in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahri Ince
- Centre for Mood Disorders, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry
| | | | | | - Talip Asil
- Department of Neurology, Bezmialem University
| | - Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Immunology, Experimental Medicine Research Institute (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ley D, Romantsik O, Vallius S, Sveinsdóttir K, Sveinsdóttir S, Agyemang AA, Baumgarten M, Mörgelin M, Lutay N, Bruschettini M, Holmqvist B, Gram M. High Presence of Extracellular Hemoglobin in the Periventricular White Matter Following Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Front Physiol 2016; 7:330. [PMID: 27536248 PMCID: PMC4971438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants continues to be a major clinical problem, occurring in about 15-20% of very preterm infants. In contrast to other brain lesions the incidence of IVH has not been reduced over the last decade, but actually slightly increased. Currently over 50% of surviving infants develop post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and about 35% develop severe neurological impairment, mainly cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. To date there is no therapy available to prevent infants from developing either hydrocephalus or serious neurological disability. It is known that blood rapidly accumulates within the ventricles following IVH and this leads to disruption of normal anatomy and increased local pressure. However, the molecular mechanisms causing brain injury following IVH are incompletely understood. We propose that extracellular hemoglobin is central in the pathophysiology of periventricular white matter damage following IVH. Using a preterm rabbit pup model of IVH the distribution of extracellular hemoglobin was characterized at 72 h following hemorrhage. Evaluation of histology, histochemistry, hemoglobin immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy revealed presence of extensive amounts of extracellular hemoglobin, i.e., not retained within erythrocytes, in the periventricular white matter, widely distributed throughout the brain. Furthermore, double immunolabeling together with the migration and differentiation markers polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) demonstrates that a significant proportion of the extracellular hemoglobin is distributed in areas of the periventricular white matter with high extracellular plasticity. In conclusion, these findings support that extracellular hemoglobin may contribute to the pathophysiological processes that cause irreversible damage to the immature brain following IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Vallius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristbjörg Sveinsdóttir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Snjolaug Sveinsdóttir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Alex A Agyemang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden
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25
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Substitutions mimicking deimination and phosphorylation of 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein exert local structural effects that subtly influence its global folding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1262-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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