The adaptation of lipid profile of human fibroblasts to alginate 2D films and 3D printed scaffolds

Three-dimensional structured PLCL/ADM bioactive aerogel for rapid repair of full-thickness skin defects

The failure to treat deep skin wounds can result in significant complications, and the limitations of current clinical treatments highlight the pressing need for the development of new deep wound healing materials. In this study, a series of three-dimensional structured PLCL/ADM composite aerogels were fabricated by electrospinning and subsequently characterized for their microstructure, compression mechanics, exudate absorption, and hemostatic properties. Additionally, the growth of HSFs and HUVECs, which are involved in wound repair, was observed in the aerogels. The composite aerogel was subsequently employed in wound repair experiments on rat full-thickness skin with the objective of observing the wound healing rate and examining histological utilizing H&E, Masson, CD31, and COL-I staining. The findings indicated that the PLCL/ADM composite aerogel with a 10% concentration exhibited uniform pore size distribution, a good three-dimensional structure, and compression properties comparable to those of human skin, which could effectively absorb exudate and exert hemostatic effect. In vivo experiment results demonstrated that the aerogel exhibited superior efficacy to conventional oil-gauze overlay therapy and ADM aerogel in promoting wound healing and could facilitate rapid, high-quality in situ repair of deep wounds, thereby offering a novel approach for skin tissue engineering and clinical wound treatment.

3D Printing Technologies in Biosensors Production: Recent Developments

Recent advances in 3D printing technologies and materials have enabled rapid development of innovative sensors for applications in different aspects of human life. Various 3D printing technologies have been adopted to fabricate biosensors or some of their components thanks to the advantages of these methodologies over the traditional ones, such as end-user customization and rapid prototyping. In this review, the works published in the last two years on 3D-printed biosensors are considered and grouped on the basis of the 3D printing technologies applied in different fields of application, highlighting the main analytical parameters. In the first part, 3D methods are discussed, after which the principal achievements and promising aspects obtained with the 3D-printed sensors are reported. An overview of the recent developments on this current topic is provided, as established by the considered works in this multidisciplinary field. Finally, future challenges on the improvement and innovation of the 3D printing technologies utilized for biosensors production are discussed.

Alginate Self-Crosslinking Ink for 3D Extrusion-Based Cryoprinting and Application for Epirubicin-HCl Delivery on MCF-7 Cells

3D-printed hydrogels are particularly advantageous as drug-delivery platforms but their loading with water-soluble active compounds remains a challenge requiring the development of innovative inks. Here, we propose a new 3D extrusion-based approach that, by exploiting the internal gelation of the alginate, avoids the post-printing crosslinking process and allows the loading of epirubicin-HCl (EPI). The critical combinations of alginate, calcium carbonate and d-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) combined with the scaffold production parameters (extrusion time, temperature, and curing time) were evaluated and discussed. The internal gelation in tandem with 3D extrusion allowed the preparation of alginate hydrogels with a complex shape and good handling properties. The dispersion of epirubicin-HCl in the hydrogel matrix confirmed the potential of this self-crosslinking alginate-based ink for the preparation of 3D-printed drug-delivery platforms. Drug release from 3D-printed hydrogels was monitored, and the cytotoxic activity was tested against MCF-7 cells. Finally, the change in the expression pattern of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic, and autophagy protein markers was monitored by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass-spectrometry after exposure of MCF-7 to the EPI-loaded hydrogels.