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Gulyuk AV, LaJeunesse DR, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Tuning Microbial Activity via Programmatic Alteration of Cell/Substrate Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004655. [PMID: 34028885 PMCID: PMC10167751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide portfolio of advanced programmable materials and structures has been developed for biological applications in the last two decades. Particularly, due to their unique properties, semiconducting materials have been utilized in areas of biocomputing, implantable electronics, and healthcare. As a new concept of such programmable material design, biointerfaces based on inorganic semiconducting materials as substrates introduce unconventional paths for bioinformatics and biosensing. In particular, understanding how the properties of a substrate can alter microbial biofilm behavior enables researchers to better characterize and thus create programmable biointerfaces with necessary characteristics on demand. Herein, the current status of advanced microorganism-inorganic biointerfaces is summarized along with types of responses that can be observed in such hybrid systems. This work identifies promising inorganic material types along with target microorganisms that will be critical for future research on programmable biointerfacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Gulyuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dennis R LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Ramon Collazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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An organelle-tethering mechanism couples flagellation to cell division in bacteria. Dev Cell 2021; 56:657-670.e4. [PMID: 33600766 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In some free-living and pathogenic bacteria, problems in the synthesis and assembly of early flagellar components can cause cell-division defects. However, the mechanism that couples cell division with the flagellar biogenesis has remained elusive. Herein, we discover the regulator MadA that controls transcription of flagellar and cell-division genes in Caulobacter crescentus. We demonstrate that MadA, a small soluble protein, binds the type III export component FlhA to promote activation of FliX, which in turn is required to license the conserved σ54-dependent transcriptional activator FlbD. While in the absence of MadA, FliX and FlbD activation is crippled, bypass mutations in FlhA restore flagellar biogenesis and cell division. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MadA safeguards the divisome stoichiometry to license cell division. We propose that MadA has a sentinel-type function that senses an early flagellar biogenesis event and, through cell-division control, ensures that a flagellated offspring emerges.
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Lindsey ARI. Sensing, Signaling, and Secretion: A Review and Analysis of Systems for Regulating Host Interaction in Wolbachia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E813. [PMID: 32708808 PMCID: PMC7397232 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia (Anaplasmataceae) is an endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes that resides within host cells and is well known for manipulating host biology to facilitate transmission via the female germline. The effects Wolbachia has on host physiology, combined with reproductive manipulations, make this bacterium a promising candidate for use in biological- and vector-control. While it is becoming increasingly clear that Wolbachia's effects on host biology are numerous and vary according to the host and the environment, we know very little about the molecular mechanisms behind Wolbachia's interactions with its host. Here, I analyze 29 Wolbachia genomes for the presence of systems that are likely central to the ability of Wolbachia to respond to and interface with its host, including proteins for sensing, signaling, gene regulation, and secretion. Second, I review conditions under which Wolbachia alters gene expression in response to changes in its environment and discuss other instances where we might hypothesize Wolbachia to regulate gene expression. Findings will direct mechanistic investigations into gene regulation and host-interaction that will deepen our understanding of intracellular infections and enhance applied management efforts that leverage Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R I Lindsey
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Liu X, Zhao M, Xu Z, Xu H, Li S. Construction of a Robust Sphingomonas sp. Strain for Welan Gum Production via the Expression of Global Transcriptional Regulator IrrE. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:674. [PMID: 32695762 PMCID: PMC7338795 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Welan gum is a widely used microbial polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. However, an important factor hindering the expansion of its production is the maladaptation of strain to fermentation conditions. In this work, the global transcriptional regulator gene irre was selected as a stress-resistant element. And it was integrated into the site of the genomic carotene synthesis key enzyme gene crtB to construct a robust carotenoid-free welan gum producing strain. Fermentation with the recombinant strain effectively reduced the ethanol consumption and pigment content in the product. The tolerance temperature increased by 10°C without the need for controlling the pH. Under this fermentation condition, welan gum concentration could still reach 20.26 ± 0.25 g/L, which was 187.38% higher than that of the wild-type strain (7.05 ± 0.15 g/L). Transcriptome analysis showed that with the control of IrrE, more than 1000 genes that are involved in multiple pathways, including two-component system, bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, and cell cycle, exhibited changes at the transcriptional level and jointly allowed the strain to protect against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China.,College of Bioscience and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Lasker K, von Diezmann L, Zhou X, Ahrens DG, Mann TH, Moerner WE, Shapiro L. Selective sequestration of signalling proteins in a membraneless organelle reinforces the spatial regulation of asymmetry in Caulobacter crescentus. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:418-429. [PMID: 31959967 PMCID: PMC7549192 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective recruitment and concentration of signalling proteins within membraneless compartments is a ubiquitous mechanism for subcellular organization1-3. The dynamic flow of molecules into and out of these compartments occurs on faster timescales than for membrane-enclosed organelles, presenting a possible mechanism to control spatial patterning within cells. Here, we combine single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy, light-induced subcellular localization, reaction-diffusion modelling and a spatially resolved promoter activation assay to study signal exchange in and out of the 200 nm cytoplasmic pole-organizing protein popZ (PopZ) microdomain at the cell pole of the asymmetrically dividing bacterium Caulobacter crescentus4-8. Two phospho-signalling proteins, the transmembrane histidine kinase CckA and the cytoplasmic phosphotransferase ChpT, provide the only phosphate source for the cell fate-determining transcription factor CtrA9-18. We find that all three proteins exhibit restricted rates of entry into and escape from the microdomain as well as enhanced phospho-signalling within, leading to a submicron gradient of activated CtrA-P19 that is stable and sublinear. Entry into the microdomain is selective for cytosolic proteins and requires a binding pathway to PopZ. Our work demonstrates how nanoscale protein assemblies can modulate signal propagation with fine spatial resolution, and that in Caulobacter, this modulation serves to reinforce asymmetry and differential cell fate of the two daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Lasker
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lexy von Diezmann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel G Ahrens
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H Mann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Shapiro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Rosales-Hurtado M, Meffre P, Szurmant H, Benfodda Z. Synthesis of histidine kinase inhibitors and their biological properties. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1440-1495. [PMID: 31802520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a significant and ever-increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. There is thus an urgent need to develop efficient and well-tolerated antibacterials targeting unique cellular processes. Numerous studies have led to the identification of new biological targets to fight bacterial resistance. Two-component signal transduction systems are widely employed by bacteria to translate external and cellular signals into a cellular response. They are ubiquitous in bacteria, absent in the animal kingdom and are integrated into various virulence pathways. Several chemical series, including isothiazolidones, imidazolium salts, benzoxazines, salicylanilides, thiophenes, thiazolidiones, benzimidazoles, and other derivatives deduced by different approaches have been reported in the literature to have histidine kinase (HK) inhibitory activity. In this review, we report on the design and the synthesis of these HKs inhibitors and their potential to serve as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hendrik Szurmant
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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Koppenhöfer S, Wang H, Scharfe M, Kaever V, Wagner-Döbler I, Tomasch J. Integrated Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Quorum Sensing, Replication Control, and SOS Response in Dinoroseobacter shibae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31031742 PMCID: PMC6473078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) coordinates population wide gene expression of bacterial species. Highly adaptive traits like gene transfer agents (GTA), morphological heterogeneity, type 4 secretion systems (T4SS), and flagella are QS controlled in Dinoroseobacter shibae, a Roseobacter model organism. Its QS regulatory network is integrated with the CtrA phosphorelay that controls cell division in alphaproteobacteria. To elucidate the network topology, we analyzed the transcriptional response of the QS-negative D. shibae strain ΔluxI1 toward externally added autoinducer (AI) over a time period of 3 h. The signaling cascade is initiated by the CtrA phosphorelay, followed by the QS genes and other target genes, including the second messenger c-di-GMP, competence, flagella and pili. Identification of transcription factor binding sites in promoters of QS induced genes revealed the integration of QS, CtrA phosphorelay and the SOS stress response mediated by LexA. The concentration of regulatory genes located close to the origin or terminus of replication suggests that gene regulation and replication are tightly coupled. Indeed, addition of AI first stimulates and then represses replication. The restart of replication comes along with increased c-di-GMP levels. We propose a model in which QS induces replication followed by differentiation into GTA producing and non-producing cells. CtrA-activity is controlled by the c-di-GMP level, allowing some of the daughter cells to replicate again. The size of the GTA producing subpopulation is tightly controlled by QS via the AI Synthase LuxI2. Finally, induction of the SOS response allows for integration of GTA DNA into the host chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Koppenhöfer
- Group Microbial Communication, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Group Microbial Communication, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Scharfe
- Group Genomic Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Group Microbial Communication, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tomasch
- Group Microbial Communication, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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