1
|
Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Azúa-López ZR, Pezzotti MR, González-Díaz Á, Meilhac O, Ureña J, Amaya-Villar R, Castellano A, Varela LM. HDL anti-inflammatory function is impaired and associated with high SAA1 and low APOA4 levels in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1919-1930. [PMID: 37357772 PMCID: PMC10676137 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231184806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Within 24 hours after aSAH, monocytes are recruited and enter the subarachnoid space, where they mature into macrophages, increasing the inflammatory response and contributing, along with other factors, to delayed neurological dysfunction and poor outcomes. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are lipid-protein complexes that exert anti-inflammatory effects but under pathological conditions undergo structural alterations that have been associated with loss of functionality. Plasma HDL were isolated from patients with aSAH and analyzed for their anti-inflammatory activity and protein composition. HDL isolated from patients lost the ability to prevent VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells (HUVEC) and subsequent adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to the endothelium. Proteomic analysis showed that HDL particles from patients had an altered composition compared to those of healthy subjects. We confirmed by western blot that low levels of apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and high of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in HDL were associated with the lack of anti-inflammatory function observed in aSAH. Our results indicate that the study of HDL in the pathophysiology of aSAH is needed, and functional HDL supplementation could be considered a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of the inflammatory response after aSAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Ruiz de Azúa-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Rosa Pezzotti
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángela González-Díaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre de la Réunion, France
| | - Juan Ureña
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Amaya-Villar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Castellano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lourdes M Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. High-density lipoproteins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atheroscler Plus 2023; 53:33-41. [PMID: 37663008 PMCID: PMC10469384 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a high incidence liver pathology, is associated with a ∼1.5-fold higher cardiovascular disease risk. This phenomenon is generally attributed to the NAFLD-associated increase in circulating levels of pro-atherogenic apolipoprotein B100-containing small dense low-density lipoprotein and plasma hypertriglyceridemia. However, also a significant reduction in cholesterol transported by anti-atherogenic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is frequently observed in subjects suffering from NAFLD as compared to unaffected people. In this review, we summarize data regarding the relationship between NAFLD and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, with a special focus on highlighting potential causality between the NAFLD pathology and changes in HDL metabolism. Methods and results Publications in PUBMED describing the relationship between HDL levels and NAFLD susceptibility and/or disease severity, either in human clinical settings or genetically-modified mouse models, were critically reviewed for subsequent inclusion in this manuscript. Furthermore, relevant literature describing effects on lipid loading in cultured hepatocytes of models with genetic alterations related to HDL metabolism have been summarized. Conclusions Although in vitro observations suggest causality between HDL formation by hepatocytes and protection against NAFLD-like lipid accumulation, current literature remains inconclusive on whether relative HDL deficiency is actually driving the development of fatty liver disease in humans. In light of the current obesity pandemic and the associated marked rise in NAFLD incidence, it is of clear scientific and societal interest to gain further insight into the relationship between HDL-cholesterol levels and fatty liver development to potentially uncover the therapeutic potential of pharmacological HDL level and/or function modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolb LN, Othman A, Rohrer L, Krützfeldt J, von Eckardstein A. Altered Distribution of Unesterified Cholesterol among Lipoprotein Subfractions of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030497. [PMID: 36979432 PMCID: PMC10046057 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools to improve the early detection of patients at high risk for developing diabetes as well as the stratification of diabetic patients towards risks of complications. In addition to clinical variables, we analyzed 155 metabolic parameters in plasma samples of 51 healthy volunteers and 66 patients with diabetes using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Upon elastic net analysis with lasso regression, we confirmed the independent associations of diabetes with branched-chain amino acids and lactate (both positive) as well as linoleic acid in plasma and HDL diameter (both inverse). In addition, we found the presence of diabetes independently associated with lower concentrations of free cholesterol in plasma but higher concentrations of free cholesterol in small HDL. Compared to plasmas of non-diabetic controls, plasmas of diabetic subjects contained lower absolute and relative concentrations of free cholesterol in all LDL and HDL subclasses except small HDL but higher absolute and relative concentrations of free cholesterol in all VLDL subclasses (except very small VLDL). These disbalances may reflect disturbances in the transfer of free cholesterol from VLDL to HDL during lipolysis and in the transfer of cell-derived cholesterol from small HDL via larger HDL to LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Noemi Kolb
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adorni MP, Biolo M, Zimetti F, Palumbo M, Ronda N, Scarinzi P, Simioni P, Lupo MG, Ferri N, Previato L, Bernini F, Zambon A. HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Serum Cholesterol Loading Capacity Alterations Associate to Macrophage Cholesterol Accumulation in FH Patients with Achilles Tendon Xanthoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158255. [PMID: 35897824 PMCID: PMC9332368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon xanthoma (ATX) formation involves macrophage cholesterol accumulation within the tendon, similar to that occurring in atheroma. Macrophage cholesterol homeostasis depends on serum lipoprotein functions, namely the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) capacity to promote cell cholesterol efflux (cholesterol efflux capacity, CEC) and the serum cholesterol loading capacity (CLC). We explored the HDL-CEC and serum CLC, comparing 16 FH patients with ATX to 29 FH patients without ATX. HDL-CEC through the main efflux mechanisms mediated by the transporters ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) and A1 (ABCA1) and the aqueous diffusion (AD) process was determined by a cell-based radioisotopic technique and serum CLC fluorimetrically. Between the two groups, no significant differences were found in terms of plasma lipid profile. A trend toward reduction of cholesterol efflux via AD and a significant increase in ABCA1-mediated HDL-CEC (+18.6%) was observed in ATX compared to no ATX patients. In ATX-presenting patients, ABCG1-mediated HDL-CEC was lower (−11%) and serum CLC was higher (+14%) compared to patients without ATX. Considering all the patients together, ABCG1 HDL-CEC and serum CLC correlated with ATX thickness inversely (p = 0.013) and directly (p < 0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, lipoprotein dysfunctions seem to be involved in ATX physiopathology and progression in FH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Marta Biolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Marcella Palumbo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Paolo Scarinzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Previato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.B.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (M.G.L.); (N.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-905039
| | | |
Collapse
|