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Specific Binding and Endocytosis of Liposomes to HEK293T Cells via Myrisoylated Pre-S1 Peptide Bound to Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122050. [PMID: 36560460 PMCID: PMC9782868 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) functions as a key receptor for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Analyzing HBV and NTCP interaction is an important issue not only for basic research but also for the development of anti-HBV therapeutics. We developed here a novel model system to analyze the interaction of NTCP with liposomes instead of HBV. (2) Methods: Liposomal binding and endocytosis through NTCP in HEK293T cells were achieved by serial treatments of HEL293T cells transiently expressing NTCP-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein with a synthetic biotinylated pre-S1 peptide (Myr47-Bio) and streptavidin (SA) complex (i.e., Myr47-Bio+SA) followed by biotinylated liposomes. By this procedure, binding of [biotinylated liposomes]-[Myr47-Bio+SA]-[NTCP-GFP] was formed. (3) Results: Using this model system, we found that liposomal binding to NTCP on the cell surface via Myr47-Bio+SA was far more efficient than that to scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). Furthermore, liposomes bound to cell surface NTCP via Myr47-Bio+SA were endocytosed into cells after cells were cultured at 37 °C. However, this endocytosis was suppressed by 4 °C or cytochalasin B treatment. (4) Conclusions: This model system will be useful for not only analyzing HBV entry mechanisms but also screening substances to prevent HBV infection.
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Hinuma S, Kuroda S. Binding of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S1 Domain-Derived Synthetic Myristoylated Peptide to Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 with Differential Properties from Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010105. [PMID: 35062309 PMCID: PMC8780415 DOI: 10.3390/v14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The myristoylated pre-S1 peptide (Myr47) synthesized to mimic pre-S1 domain (2-48) in large (L) surface protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevents HBV infection to hepatocytes by binding to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). We previously demonstrated that yeast-derived nanoparticles containing L protein (bio-nanocapsules: BNCs) bind scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). In this study, we examined the binding of Mry47 to SR-B1. (2) Methods: The binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Myr47 to SR-B1 (and its mutants)-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion proteins expressed in HEK293T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Various ligand-binding properties were compared between SR-B1-GFP and NTCP-GFP. Furthermore, the binding of biotinylated Myr47 to SR-B1-GFP expressed on HEK293T cells was analyzed via pull-down assays using a crosslinker and streptavidin-conjugated beads. (3) Conclusions: SR-B1 bound not only Myr47 but also its myristoylated analog and BNCs, but failed to bind a peptide without myristoylation. However, NTCP only bound Myr47 among the ligands tested. Studies using SR-B1 mutants suggested that both BNCs and Myr47 bind to similar sites of SR-B1. Crosslinking studies indicated that Myr47 binds preferentially SR-B1 multimer than monomer in both HEK293T and HepG2 cells.
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Chen Y, Yang B, Li Z, Yue Y, Tian Q, Chen W, Ali S, Wu J. Immune-Related Genes of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) Against Beauveria brongniartii and Akanthomyces attenuatus Identified Using RNA Sequencing. Front Physiol 2021; 12:671599. [PMID: 34456741 PMCID: PMC8385781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.671599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) is an important pest of legumes worldwide, causing great economic loss every year. Beauveria brongniartii and Akanthomyces attenuatus have shown considerable pathogenicity against M. usitatus in our previous studies. The medial lethal concentration (LC50) and the sublethal lethal concentration (LC25) of B. brongniartii isolate SB010 against M. usitatus were 8.38 × 105 and 1.73 × 105 conidia mL−1, respectively, whereas those of A. attenuatus isolate SCAUDCL-53 against M. usitatus were 4.37 × 105 and 2.97 × 104 conidia mL−1, respectively. This study reports the transcriptome-based explanation of the stress responses of M. usitatus following the application of B. brongniartii and A. attenuatus. The analysis of the transcriptomic data revealed the expression of 254, 207, 195, and 234 immunity-related unigenes by M. usitatus in response to B. brongniartii LC50 (SB1), B. brongniartii LC25 (SB2), A. attenuatus LC50 (V1), and A. attenuatus LC25 (V2), respectively. The biological function and metabolic pathway analyses showed that these unigenes were mainly related to pattern recognition receptors, information transduction factors, and reaction factors, such as scavenger receptor, cytochrome b5, cuticle protein, lysozyme, and serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hinuma S, Fujita K, Kuroda S. Binding of Nanoparticles Harboring Recombinant Large Surface Protein of Hepatitis B Virus to Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071334. [PMID: 34372540 PMCID: PMC8310236 DOI: 10.3390/v13071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: As nanoparticles containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large (L) surface protein produced in yeast are expected to be useful as a carrier for targeting hepatocytes, they are also referred to as bio-nanocapsules (BNCs). However, a definitive cell membrane receptor for BNC binding has not yet been identified. (2) Methods: By utilizing fluorescence-labeled BNCs, we examined BNC binding to the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) expressed in HEK293T cells. (3) Results: Analyses employing SR-B1 siRNA and expression of SR-B1 fused with a green fluorescent protein (SR-B1-GFP) indicated that BNCs bind to SR-B1. As mutagenesis induced in the SR-B1 extracellular domain abrogates or attenuates BNC binding and endocytosis via SR-B1 in HEK293T cells, it was suggested that the ligand-binding site of SR-B1 is similar or close among high-density lipoprotein (HDL), silica, liposomes, and BNCs. On the other hand, L protein was suggested to attenuate an interaction between phospholipids and SR-B1. (4) Conclusions: SR-B1 can function as a receptor for binding and endocytosis of BNCs in HEK293T cells. Being expressed various types of cells, it is suggested that functions as a receptor for BNCs not only in HEK293T cells but also in other types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Hinuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Kazuyo Fujita
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Senri Kinran University, Fujisirodai 5-25-1, Suita 565-0873, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Shun’ichi Kuroda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (S.K.)
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HBV Pre-S1-Derived Myristoylated Peptide (Myr47): Identification of the Inhibitory Activity on the Cellular Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050929. [PMID: 34067884 PMCID: PMC8157113 DOI: 10.3390/v13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Myr47 lipopeptide, consisting of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S1 domain (myristoylated 2–48 peptide), is an effective commercialized anti-HBV drug that prevents the interaction of HBV with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) on human hepatocytes, an activity which requires both N-myristoylation residue and specific amino acid sequences. We recently reported that Myr47 reduces the cellular uptake of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg, subviral particle of HBV) in the absence of NTCP expression. In this study, we analyzed how Myr47 reduces the cellular uptake of lipid nanoparticles (including liposomes (LPs) and HBsAg) without NTCP expression. By using Myr47 mutants lacking the HBV infection inhibitory activity, they could reduce the cellular uptake of LPs in an N-myristoylation-dependent manner and an amino acid sequence-independent manner, not only in human liver-derived cells but also in human non-liver-derived cells. Moreover, Myr47 and its mutants could reduce the interaction of LPs with apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3) in an N-myristoylation-dependent manner regardless of their amino acid sequences. From these results, lipopeptides are generally anchored by inserting their myristoyl residue into the lipid bilayer and can inhibit the interaction of LPs/HBsAg with apolipoprotein, thereby reducing the cellular uptake of LPs/HBsAg. Similarly, Myr47 would interact with HBV, inhibiting the uptake of HBV into human hepatic cells, while the inhibitory effect of Myr47 may be secondary to its ability to protect against HBV infection.
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