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Dehdar K, Raoufy MR. Brain structural and functional alterations related to anxiety in allergic asthma. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110727. [PMID: 37562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in patients with allergic asthma, and they can have a significant impact on their quality of life and disease control. Recent studies have suggested that there may be potential immune-brain communication mechanisms in asthma, which can activate inflammatory responses in different brain areas, leading to structural and functional alterations and behavioral changes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively review the relevant research on asthma-induced brain structural and functional alterations that lead to the initiation and promotion of anxiety. We summarize the possible pathways for peripheral inflammation to affect the brain's structure and function. Our review highlights the importance of addressing neuropsychiatric disorders in the clinical guidelines of asthma, to improve the quality of life of these patients. We suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychiatric comorbidities in asthma could lead to the development of more effective treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan ZB, Zhang T, Yuan Cheng MM, Yu-Liang Zhou MM, Zhen-Qiang Zhang MM. Analysis of type I hypersensitivity-induced inflammatory response in children of different age groups with acute appendicitis. Mol Immunol 2023; 158:103-106. [PMID: 37182441 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the differences in type I hypersensitivity-induced inflammatory response among children of different age groups with acute appendicitis. METHODS We selected children diagnosed with "acute appendicitis" who underwent surgery in the Department of General Surgery of Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022 and collected their basic data. We divided them into two groups according to age: the infant group (less than 3 years old) and the pediatric group (3-14 years old). The gender, age, onset time, hospital stay, preoperative white blood cells, percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were collected to determine the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-9 (IL-9) in appendicular lavage fluid, and the differences between the two groups were compared. RESULTS There were 15 children in the infant group and 15 in the pediatric group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to onset time and gender. The hospitalization time in the pediatric group was (5.7 ± 2.1) d, the preoperative white blood cells were (14.3 ± 3.7) × 10^9/mL, neutrophil percentage was (84.5 ± 6.3)%, and CRP was (20.0 ± 17.9) mg/mL. The hospitalization time of the infant group was (8.0 ± 3.1) d, the preoperative white blood cells were (19.0 ± 3.8) × 10^9/mL, neutrophil percentage was (77.8 ± 10.4)%, and CRP was (42.5 ± 25.0) mg/mL. The differences between the two groups were significant. There was no significant difference in IL-5 concentration between the two groups in the appendicular lavage fluid. IgE (610.74 ± 72.56) ng/mL, IL-4 (30.80 ± 12.04) ng/mL, IL-6 (118.09 ± 14.29) ng/mL, IL-9 (133.94 ± 16.00) ng/mL were found in the infant group, and IgE (495.61 ± 95.09) ng/mL, IL-4 (22.68 ± 7.05) ng/mL, IL-6 (98.22 ± 22.18) ng/mL and IL-9 (107.86 ± 27.34) ng/mL were found in the pediatric group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory response in children with acute appendicitis was associated with type I hypersensitivity-induced inflammatory responses, and the type I hypersensitivity was more intense in children in the lower age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Bin Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - M M Yuan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - M M Yu-Liang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - M M Zhen-Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Chronic allergic lung inflammation negatively influences neurobehavioral outcomes in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:210. [PMID: 36045388 PMCID: PMC9429782 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Emerging data from epidemiological studies show that allergies and allergic diseases may be linked to anxiety, depression and cognitive decline. However, little is known about the effect of asthma, an allergic lung inflammation, on cognitive decline/behavioral changes. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that allergic lung inflammation causes inflammation in the brain and leads to neurobehavioral changes in mice. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6J female mice were sensitized with nasal house dust mite (HDM) antigen or control PBS for 6 weeks to induce chronic allergic lung inflammation. A series of neurocognitive tests for anxiety and/or depression were performed before and after the intranasal HDM administration. After the behavior tests, tissues were harvested to measure inflammation in the lungs and the brains. RESULTS HDM-treated mice exhibited significantly increased immobility times during tail suspension tests and significantly decreased sucrose preference compared with PBS controls, suggesting a more depressed and anhedonia phenotype. Spatial memory impairment was also observed in HDM-treated mice when assessed by the Y-maze novel arm tests. Development of lung inflammation after 6 weeks of HDM administration was confirmed by histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell count and lung cytokine measurements. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-related cytokines levels were elevated in HDM-sensitized mice. In the brain, the chemokine fractalkine was increased in the HDM group. The c-Fos protein, a marker for neuronal activity, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and chymase, a serine protease from mast cells, were increased in the brains from mice in HDM group. Chymase expression in the brain was negatively correlated with the results of sucrose preference rate in individual mice. CONCLUSIONS 6 weeks of intranasal HDM administration in mice to mimic the chronic status of lung inflammation in asthma, caused significant inflammatory histological changes in the lungs, and several behavioral changes consistent with depression and altered spatial memory. Chymase and c-Fos proteins were increased in the brain from HDM-treated mice, suggesting links between lung inflammation and brain mast cell activation, which could be responsible for depression-like behavior.
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Lemos L, Assis HC, Alves JL, Reis DS, Campos Canesso MC, Almeida Oliveira M, Moreira TG, Miranda Sato BK, Batista LA, Gomes Lenzi J, Moraes MA, Melo L, Resende B, Aguiar D, Rezende Souza B, Cara DC, Gomes-Santos AC, Faria AMC. Neuroimmune circuits involved in β-lactoglobulin-induced food allergy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 23:100471. [PMID: 35668724 PMCID: PMC9166446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several antigens can act as allergens eliciting IgE-mediated food allergy reactions when fed to sensitized animals. One of them is ovalbumin (OVA) which is the main allergen in egg white. Allergic mice develop aversion to OVA consumption. This aversive behavior is associated with anxiety, and it can be transferred to non-sensitized mice by injection of serum of allergic mice. However, it is yet to be determined whether altered behavior is a general component of food allergy or whether it is specific for some types of allergens. Cow's milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy that usually begins early in life and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the milk component with the highest allergenicity. In this study, we investigated behavioral and neuroimmune circuits triggered by allergic sensitization to BLG. A neuroimmune conflict between aversion and reward was observed in a model of food allergy induced by BLG intake. Mice sensitized to BLG did not present aversive behavior when BLG was used for sensitization and oral challenge. Mice allergic to BLG preferred to drink the allergen-containing solution over water even though they had high levels of specific IgE, inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa and significant weight loss. When sensitized to OVA and challenged with the same antigen, mice had increased levels of neuron activation in the amygdala, a brain area related to anxiety. On the other hand, when mice were sensitized to OVA and received a mixture of BLG and OVA in the oral challenge, mice preferred to drink this mixture, despite their aversion to OVA, which was associated with neuron activation in the nucleus accumbens, an area related to reward behavior. Thus, the aversive behavior observed in food allergy to OVA does not apply to all antigens and some allergens may activate the brain reward system rather than anxiety and aversion. Our study provides novel insights into the neuroimmune conflicts regarding preference and avoidance to a common antigen associated with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helder Carvalho Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lima Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia Campos Canesso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Luara Augusta Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Gomes Lenzi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Melo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Resende
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aguiar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Cocchi M, Mondo E, Romeo M, Traina G. The Inflammatory Conspiracy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Crossroads of Clues and Insights through Mast Cells, Platelets, Inflammation, Gut Microbiota, Mood Disorders and Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063253. [PMID: 35328673 PMCID: PMC8950240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. This pathology, still largely of unknown etiology, carries within it a complex series of etiopathogenetic components of which it is difficult to trace the origin. An inflammatory state is likely to be the basis of the pathology. Crucial elements of the inflammatory process are the interactions between platelets and mast cells as well as the bacterial component of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, the involvement of mast cells in autoimmune demyelinating diseases has been shown. The present work tries to hang up on that Ariadne’s thread which, in the molecular complexity of the interactions between mast cells, platelets, microbiota and inflammation, characterizes Multiple Sclerosis and attempts to bring the pathology back to the causal determinism of psychopathological phenomenology. Therefore, we consider the possibility that the original error of Multiple Sclerosis can be investigated in the genetic origin of the depressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mondo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Donfrancesco R, Nativio P, Di Benedetto A, Villa MP, Andriola E, Melegari MG, Cipriano E, Di Trani M. Anti-Yo Antibodies in Children With ADHD: First Results About Serum Cytokines. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1497-1502. [PMID: 27095560 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716643387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether ADHD children who are positive to Purkinje cell antibodies display pro-inflammatory activity associated with high cytokine serum levels. Method: Fifty-eight ADHD outpatients were compared with 36 healthy, age- and sex-matched children. Forty-five of the ADHD children were positive to anti-Yo antibodies, whereas 34 of the control children were negative. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) cytokine serum levels were tested in ADHD children who were positive to anti-Yo antibodies and in the control children who were negative. Results: Anti-Yo antibodies were present to a greater extent in the ADHD group: 77.58% versus 22.42%. Significant differences emerged between the two groups in IL-6 and IL-10, with higher cytokine levels being detected in ADHD children than in controls. Conclusion: Immune processes in ADHD are likely to be associated with mediators of inflammation, such as cytokines. These results contribute to our understanding of action of neural antibodies and cytokines in ADHD.
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Chen Z, Long L, Xiao J, Liu N, Dong R. Activated Oxytocin Neurons in the PVN-DVC Pathway in Asthmatic Rats. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:47. [PMID: 32848637 PMCID: PMC7412887 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and the central nervous system (CNS) also participates in the pathogenesis of asthma. We previously reported the amygdala might regulate asthmatic attacks via projecting to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is a crucial region that modulates respiratory. This study aimed to observe the activity in both PVN and DVC and the connection between PVN and DVC in asthmatic rats. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the changes in Fos and oxytocin (OT) expression. Retrograde tracing using wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and double immunohistochemistry for OT and Fos was used to observe the HRP/OT/Fos positive neurons distribution in the PVN. The results showed that during an asthma attack, the Fos positive neurons increased in both PVN and DVC over time. The expression of OT positive neurons in PVN showed a similar trend in parallel to the c-Fos positive neurons in PVN. The HRP retrograde-labeled neurons were densely distributed in the medial and lateral subnucleus in the PVN. OT+/HRP+ and Fos+/OT+/HRP+ accounted for 18.14%, and 2.37% of HRP-labeled neurons, respectively. Our study showed PVN and DVC were activated and the expression of OT positive neurons in PVN were increased over time during an asthma attack. The existence of connection between PVN and DVC suggested the OT neurons in PVN might project to DVC which might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Immunology Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nina Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Chen Z, Liu NN, Xiao J, Wang YH, Dong R. The amygdala via the paraventricular nucleus regulates asthma attack in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:730-740. [PMID: 32011093 PMCID: PMC7298979 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate the functions of the amygdala in rat asthma model. Main methods Wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) was used for tracing from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the amygdala, and nuclear lesions were performed to observe changes in respiratory function and airway inflammation. Results This study showed that the extracellular neuronal discharged in the medial amygdala (MeA) and central amygdala (CeA), and the expression of Fos significantly increased in asthmatic rat compared to control group. The distribution of Fos‐ and oxytocin (OT)‐positive neurons and Fos/OT dual‐positive neurons evidently increased in the PVN. WGA‐HRP was injected into the PVN for tracing, and Fos/HRP‐dual‐positive neurons were observed to be distributed in the MeA. By using kainic acid (KA) to injure the MeA and CeA in asthmatic rats, expiratory and inspiratory times (TE/TI) and airway resistance (Raw) decreased, and minute ventilation volume (MVV) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) increased accordingly. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the number of eosinophils and the concentration of IL‐4 were lower than those of the control group, and the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells was higher than that of the control group. In the PVN, the distribution of Fos‐, OT‐positive cells and Fos/OT double‐positive cells decreased compared with those of the control group. The activities of the MeA and CeA and of OT neurons in the PVN of the rats were correlated with the occurrence of asthma. Conclusions Asthma attack could induce neural activities in the MeA and CeA, and OT neurons in the PVN may be involved in the process of asthma attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ni-Na Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Han Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Chesné J, Cardoso V, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuro-immune regulation of mucosal physiology. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:10-20. [PMID: 30089849 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal barriers constitute major body surfaces that are in constant contact with the external environment. Mucosal sites are densely populated by a myriad of distinct neurons and immune cell types that sense, integrate and respond to multiple environmental cues. In the recent past, neuro-immune interactions have been reported to play central roles in mucosal health and disease, including chronic inflammatory conditions, allergy and infectious diseases. Discrete neuro-immune cell units act as building blocks of this bidirectional multi-tissue cross-talk, ensuring mucosal tissue health and integrity. Herein, we will focus on reciprocal neuro-immune interactions in the airways and intestine. Such neuro-immune cross-talk maximizes sensing and integration of environmental aggressions, which can be considered an important paradigm shift in our current views of mucosal physiology and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chesné
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Cardoso
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
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Allergic Rhinitis in Rats Is Associated with an Inflammatory Response of the Hippocampus. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:8750464. [PMID: 29849816 PMCID: PMC5926495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8750464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a major concern in personal and public health, which negatively affects emotions and behavior, leading to cognitive deficits, memory decline, poor school performance, anxiety, and depression. Several cellular and molecular mediators are released in the inflammatory process of AR and activate common neuroimmune mechanisms, involving emotionally relevant circuits and the induction of anxiety. Responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to allergic processes have been reported, which may also include responsiveness of the hippocampus, cortex, and other brain regions. Here, we have used an optimized rat model of AR to explore whether the disease has a relationship with inflammatory responses in the hippocampus. AR was established in adult rats by ovalbumin sensitization, and the expression of various inflammatory substances in the hippocampus was measured by specific assays. Comparison between experimental and various control groups of animals revealed an association of AR with significant upregulation of substance P, microglia surface antigen (CD11b), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus. Thus, we hypothesize that the AR challenge may activate these inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus, which in turn contribute to the abnormal behavior and neurological deficits associated with AR.
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12
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Mozzini Monteiro T, Ferrera Costa H, Carvalho Vieira G, Rodrigues Salgado PR, da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori MG, de Almeida RN, de Fatima Vanderlei de Souza M, Neves Matias W, Andrade Braga V, Nalivaiko E, Piuvezam MR. Anti-asthmatic and anxiolytic effects of Herissantia tiubae, a Brazilian medicinal plant. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:201-212. [PMID: 27957328 PMCID: PMC4879466 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herissantia tiubae (HtE) is a Brazilian plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the HtE has anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects in a murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were treated with HtE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or dexamethasone before each OVA challenge. After the last challenge, animals were subjected to anxiety tests and respiratory measurements. Following euthanasia, we quantified immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum IgE titer and cytokine levels, cellular infiltration and mucus content in the lung tissues, and cellular composition of the mediastinal lymph nodes. OVA challenge in sensitized animals caused: (1) reduction of mean respiratory and dominant respiratory rate (from 398 ± 12 to 286 ± 20 cicles per minute (cpm) and from 320 ± 14 to 162 ± 15 cpm, respectively); (2) increase in behavioral markers of anxiety tests; (3) substantial pro-inflammatory effects, including rise in OVA-specific IgE titer (from 0 to 1:2048) and these inflammatory effect diminished the titer to 1:512 after HtE treatment; rise in plasma IL-13 (from 13 ng/mL in saline to 227 ng/mL in OVA and HtE treatment restored to 1.29 ng/mL; rise in total BAL cell count (from 0.742 cells/mL in saline to 11.77 cells/mL in OVA), with prominent eosinophilia. H. tiubae extract affected respiratory parameters similarly to aminophylline, behavioral changes comparable to diazepam, and inflammation being as efficient as dexamethasone. H. tiubae extract (HtE) possesses both anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties in the murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talissa Mozzini Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Hermann Ferrera Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Rodrigues Salgado
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo Nobrega de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | | | - Wemerson Neves Matias
- Department of PharmacyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
| | - Valdir Andrade Braga
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of BiotechnologyFederal University of ParaibaJoão PessoaParaibaBrazil
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marcia Regina Piuvezam
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology and PathologyFederal University of ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíba58051‐970Brazil
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Ordovas-Montanes J, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Huang S, Riol-Blanco L, Barreiro O, von Andrian UH. The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease. Trends Immunol 2016; 36:578-604. [PMID: 26431937 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system are the principal sensory interfaces between the internal and external environment. They are responsible for recognizing, integrating, and responding to varied stimuli, and have the capacity to form memories of these encounters leading to learned or 'adaptive' future responses. We review current understanding of the cross-regulation between these systems. The autonomic and somatosensory nervous systems regulate both the development and deployment of immune cells, with broad functions that impact on hematopoiesis as well as on priming, migration, and cytokine production. In turn, specific immune cell subsets contribute to homeostatic neural circuits such as those controlling metabolism, hypertension, and the inflammatory reflex. We examine the contribution of the somatosensory system to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, allergic, and infectious processes in barrier tissues and, in this context, discuss opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of neuro-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Silver R, Curley JP. Mast cells on the mind: new insights and opportunities. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:513-21. [PMID: 23845731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are both sensors and effectors in communication among nervous, vascular, and immune systems. In the brain, they reside on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and interact with neurons, glia, blood vessels, and other hematopoietic cells via their neuroactive prestored and newly synthesized chemicals. They are first responders, acting as catalysts and recruiters to initiate, amplify, and prolong other immune and nervous responses upon activation. MCs both promote deleterious outcomes in brain function and contribute to normative behavioral functioning, particularly cognition and emotionality. New experimental tools enabling isolation of brain MCs, manipulation of MCs or their products, and measurement of MC products in very small brain volumes present unprecedented opportunities for examining these enigmatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Faria AMC, Gomes-Santos AC, Gonçalves JL, Moreira TG, Medeiros SR, Dourado LPA, Cara DC. Food components and the immune system: from tonic agents to allergens. Front Immunol 2013; 4:102. [PMID: 23730302 PMCID: PMC3656403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is the major site of contact with antigens, and it houses the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. In physiological conditions, microbiota and dietary antigens are the natural sources of stimulation for the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and for the immune system as a whole. Germ-free models have provided some insights on the immunological role of gut antigens. However, most of the GALT is not located in the large intestine, where gut microbiota is prominent. It is concentrated in the small intestine where protein absorption takes place. In this review, we will address the involvement of food components in the development and the function of the immune system. Studies in mice have already shown that dietary proteins are critical elements for the developmental shift of the immature neonatal immune profile into a fully developed immune system. The immunological effects of other food components (such as vitamins and lipids) will also be addressed. Most of the cells in the GALT are activated and local pro-inflammatory mediators are abundant. Regulatory elements are known to provide a delicate yet robust balance that maintains gut homeostasis. Usually antigenic contact in the gut induces two major immune responses, oral tolerance and production of secretory IgA. However, under pathological conditions mucosal homeostasis is disturbed resulting in inflammatory reactions such as food hypersensitivity. Food allergy development depends on many factors such as genetic predisposition, biochemical features of allergens, and a growing array of environmental elements. Neuroimmune interactions are also implicated in food allergy and they are examples of the high complexity of the phenomenon. Recent findings on the gut circuits triggered by food components will be reviewed to show that, far beyond their role as nutrients, they are critical players in the operation of the immune system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii) São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Buske-Kirschbaum A, Schmitt J, Plessow F, Romanos M, Weidinger S, Roessner V. Psychoendocrine and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms in the comorbidity of atopic eczema and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:12-23. [PMID: 23141851 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that atopic eczema (AE) in infancy significantly increases the risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this comorbidity are unknown. We propose that the release of inflammatory cytokines caused by the allergic inflammation and/or elevated levels of psychological stress as a result of the chronic disease interfere with the maturation of prefrontal cortex regions and neurotransmitter systems involved ADHD pathology. Alternatively, increased stress levels in ADHD patients may trigger AE via neuroimmunological mechanisms. In a third model, AE and ADHD may be viewed as two separate disorders with one or more shared risk factors (e.g., genetics, prenatal stress) that increase the susceptibility for both disorders leading to the co-occurrence of AE and ADHD. Future investigation of these three models may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observed comorbidity between AE and ADHD and further, to targeted interdisciplinary primary prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buske-Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Allergies are generally thought to be a detrimental outcome of a mistargeted immune response that evolved to provide immunity to macroparasites. Here we present arguments to suggest that allergic immunity has an important role in host defence against noxious environmental substances, including venoms, haematophagous fluids, environmental xenobiotics and irritants. We argue that appropriately targeted allergic reactions are beneficial, although they can become detrimental when excessive. Furthermore, we suggest that allergic hypersensitivity evolved to elicit anticipatory responses and to promote avoidance of suboptimal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah W Palm
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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18
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Abstract
Classically, allergy depends on IgE antibodies and on high-affinity IgE receptors expressed by mast cells and basophils. This long accepted IgE/FcεRI/mast cell paradigm, on which the definition of immediate hypersensitivity was based in the Gell and Coomb's classification, appears too reductionist. Recently accumulated evidence indeed requires that not only IgE but also IgG antibodies, that not only FcεRI but also FcγR of the different types, that not only mast cells and basophils but also neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and other myeloid cells be considered as important players in allergy. This view markedly changes our understanding of allergic diseases and, possibly, their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Département d’Immunologie, Unité d’Allergologie Moléculaire et CellulaireParis, France
- Inserm, Unité 760Paris, France
| | - Marc Daëron
- Institut Pasteur, Département d’Immunologie, Unité d’Allergologie Moléculaire et CellulaireParis, France
- Inserm, Unité 760Paris, France
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19
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Moura DS, Sultan S, Georgin-Lavialle S, Pillet N, Montestruc F, Gineste P, Barete S, Damaj G, Moussy A, Lortholary O, Hermine O. Depression in patients with mastocytosis: prevalence, features and effects of masitinib therapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26375. [PMID: 22031830 PMCID: PMC3198767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression in patients with mastocytosis is often reported but its prevalence and characteristics are not precisely described. In addition, the impact of therapies targeting mast cells proliferation, differentiation and degranulation on psychic symptoms of depression have never been investigated. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and to describe features of depression in a large cohort of mastocytosis patients (n = 288) and to investigate the therapeutic impact of the protein kinase inhibitor masitinib in depression symptoms. The description of depression was based on the analysis of a database with Hamilton scores using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Efficacy of masitinib therapy was evaluated using non parametric Wilcoxon test for paired data within a three months period (n = 35). Our results show that patients with indolent mastocytosis present an elevated prevalence of depression (64%). Depression was moderate in 56% but severe in 8% of cases. Core symptoms (such as psychic anxiety, depressed mood, work and interests) characterized depression in mastocytosis patients. Masitinib therapy was associated with significant improvement (67% of the cases) of overall depression, with 75% of recovery cases. Global Quality of Life slightly improved after masitinib therapy and did not predicted depression improvement. In conclusion, depression is very frequent in mastocytosis patients and masitinib therapy is associated with the reduction its psychic experiences. We conclude that depression in mastocytosis may originate from processes related to mast cells activation. Masitinib could therefore be a useful treatment for mastocytosis patients with depression and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Silva Moura
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Service d'hématologie, Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé EA 4057, IUPDP Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France
| | - Serge Sultan
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé EA 4057, IUPDP Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Service d'hématologie, Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Barete
- Département de dermatologie, Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gandhi Damaj
- Service d'hématologie, CHU d'Amiens, Université Jules–Vernes Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Alain Moussy
- AB Science, S.A., Paris, France
- Association Française pour les initiatives et la recherche sur les mastocytes et les mastocytoses (AFIRMM), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Service d'hématologie, Centre de référence des mastocytoses, Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
- AB Science, S.A., Paris, France
- Association Française pour les initiatives et la recherche sur les mastocytes et les mastocytoses (AFIRMM), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects ofSchizandra chinensisextract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:292-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.602689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Neural pathways in allergic inflammation. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2010:491928. [PMID: 21331366 PMCID: PMC3038426 DOI: 10.1155/2010/491928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is on the rise worldwide. Asthma, food allergy, dermatitis, and systemic anaphylaxis are amongst the most common allergic diseases. The association between allergy and altered behavior patterns has long been recognized. The molecular and cellular pathways in the bidirectional interactions of nervous and immune systems are now starting to be elucidated. In this paper, we outline the consequences of allergic diseases, especially food allergy and asthma, on behavior and neural activity and on the neural modulation of allergic responses.
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Manchanda RK, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative potential of sodium cromoglycate and diethyldithiocarbamic acid in restraint stress-induced behavioral alterations in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Blink SE, Fu YX. IgE regulates T helper cell differentiation through FcgammaRIII mediated dendritic cell cytokine modulation. Cell Immunol 2010; 264:54-60. [PMID: 20494341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergy are characterized by dysregulation of inflammatory responses toward Th2 responses and high serum levels of IgE. IgE plays a role in the effector phase by triggering the degranulation of mast cells after antigen-crosslinking but its role in the induction of helper T cell differentiation is unknown. We have previously shown lymphotoxin is required for maintaining physiological levels of serum IgE which minimize spontaneous Th1-mediated airway inflammation, suggesting a physiological role for IgE in the regulation of T helper cell differentiation. We describe the mechanism in which IgE modulates inflammation by regulating dendritic cell cytokine production. Physiological levels of IgE suppress IL-12 production in the spleen and lung, suggesting IgE limits Th1 responses in vivo. IgE directly stimulates dendritic cells through FcgammaRIII to suppress IL-12 in vitro and influences APC to skew CD4+ T cells toward Th2 differentiation. We demonstrate a novel role for IgE in regulating differentiation of adaptive inflammatory responses through direct interaction with FcgammaRIII on dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Blink
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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24
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25
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Allergic rhinitis induces anxiety-like behavior and altered social interaction in rodents. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:784-93. [PMID: 19268702 PMCID: PMC2743459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies report higher incidences of anxiety and increased emotional reactivity in individuals suffering from respiratory allergies. To evaluate if respiratory allergies are capable of promoting anxiety-like behavior in rodents, we used models of allergic rhinitis and behavioral evaluations followed by assessment of mRNA for cytokines in relevant brain regions. Mice and rats were sensitized to ovoalbumin or pollen, respectively, following standard sensitization and challenge protocols. After challenge, the animals were evaluated in the open field, elevated plus-maze and resident-intruder tests. Cytokines and corticotropin-releasing factor expression were assessed in several brain regions by real-time RT-PCR and plasma corticosterone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Mice and rats sensitized and exposed to allergen showed increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced social interaction without any overt behavioral signs of sickness. T-helper type 2 (T(H)2) cytokines were induced in both rats and mice in the olfactory bulbs and prefrontal cortex and remained unchanged in the temporal cortex and hypothalamus. The same results were found for CRF mRNA expression. No differences were observed in corticosterone concentrations 1h after the last behavioral test. These results show that sensitization and challenge with allergens induce anxiety across rodent species and that these effects were paralleled by an increased expression of T(H)2 cytokines and CRF in the prefrontal cortex. These studies provide experimental evidence that sensitized rodents experience neuroimmune-mediated anxiety and reduced social interaction associated with allergic rhinitis.
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26
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Soto-Montenegro ML, Conejero L, Vaquero JJ, Baeza ML, Zubeldia JM, Desco M. Assessment of airway distribution of transnasal solutions in mice by PET/CT imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 11:263-8. [PMID: 19340489 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transnasal administration is one of the most common routes for allergen challenge in mouse models of airway diseases. Although this technique is widely used, neither the amount of allergen that reaches the lung nor its airway distribution has been well established. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) to examine the anatomical distribution of a solution containing a tracer immediately after transnasal delivery and to determine the possible influence of age and administered volume. PROCEDURES Forty-six female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups according to instillation volume and age: (A) 15 microl, 8-10 weeks old (N = 10), (B) 30 microl, 8-10 weeks old (N = 20), and (C) 30 microl, 32 weeks old (N = 16). Anesthetized animals underwent a dynamic scan in a dedicated small-animal PET scanner immediately after transnasal administration of a solution containing (18)FDG. Regions of interest were used to obtain quantitative data. Animals were also imaged with a small-animal CT scanner to obtain complementary anatomical information. RESULTS Mean +/- SD (5.69 +/- 4.51%) of the solution administered reached the lungs in group A, 41.84 +/- 8.03% in group B, and 36.65 +/- 16.15% in group C. A comparable percentage was delivered to the left and right lungs in all the groups. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the groups in the proportion of the solution that reached the lungs depending on the injection volume (P < 0.001), but not depending on animal age. CONCLUSIONS In this first report on quantitative imaging by PET and CT in small animals, we confirmed the suitability of the transnasal route with an instilled volume of 30 microl delivering fluids into the lower airways, although only about 40% of the dose reaches the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Soto-Montenegro
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Mast cells are resident in the brain and contain numerous mediators, including neurotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines, that are released in response to a variety of natural and pharmacological triggers. The number of mast cells in the brain fluctuates with stress and various behavioral and endocrine states. These properties suggest that mast cells are poised to influence neural systems underlying behavior. Using genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function models we performed a behavioral screen for arousal responses including emotionality, locomotor, and sensory components. We found that mast cell deficient Kit(W-sh/W-sh) (sash(-/-)) mice had a greater anxiety-like phenotype than WT and heterozygote littermate control animals in the open field arena and elevated plus maze. Second, we show that blockade of brain, but not peripheral, mast cell activation increased anxiety-like behavior. Taken together, the data implicate brain mast cells in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior and provide evidence for the behavioral importance of neuroimmune links.
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