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Alonso CW, McElhatton F, O'Mahony B, Campbell M, Pollak TA, Stokes PRA. The blood-brain barrier in bipolar disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)00964-9. [PMID: 38897301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic, debilitating disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly investigated in BD. This systematic review aimed to assess the available evidence on the relationship between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science was run where the primary outcomes were BBB markers such as S100B, albumin ratio, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), cell adhesion molecule (CAM), and tight junction proteins. Techniques included blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), post-mortem, genetic and imaging methods in BD compared to healthy controls. RESULTS 55 studies were identified, 38 of which found an association between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. 16/29 studies found increased blood/CSF albumin ratio, S100B, CAMs or MMP levels in BD participants compared to controls. 5/19 post-mortem studies found increased levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, intercellular CAM, neurexin or claudin-5 mRNA in distinct locations throughout the brain in BD compared to controls. One imaging study identified extensive BBB leakage in 30 % of BD participants, compared to 0 % in controls. LIMITATIONS The diversity in methodologies used in the included studies makes direct comparison of results challenging. Furthermore, imaging methods are the gold standard, but only one study used them. Other markers are only indicative of BBB permeability. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests an association between BD and BBB dysfunction. Further research is needed to provide definite answers considering the existing literature's limitations, and to clarify whether this association provides a pathogenic mechanism, or is an epiphenomenon of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wakonigg Alonso
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom.
| | - Frances McElhatton
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Mahony
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas A Pollak
- Dept of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R A Stokes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
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2
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Giménez-Palomo A, Guitart-Mampel M, Meseguer A, Borràs R, García-García FJ, Tobías E, Valls L, Alsina-Restoy X, Roqué G, Sánchez E, Roca J, Anmella G, Valentí M, Bracco L, Andreu H, Salmerón S, Colomer L, Radua J, Verdolini N, Berk M, Vieta E, Garrabou G, Pacchiarotti I. Reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in patients with acute episodes of bipolar disorder: Could bipolar disorder be a state-dependent mitochondrial disease? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:52-64. [PMID: 38030136 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent disease characterized by acute mood episodes and periods of euthymia. The available literature postulates that a biphasic dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics might underpin the neurobiology of BD. However, most studies focused on inter-subject differences rather than intra-subject variations between different mood states. To test this hypothesis, in this preliminary proof-of-concept study, we measured in vivo mitochondrial respiration in patients with BD during a mood episode and investigated differences compared to healthy controls (HC) and to the same patients upon clinical remission. METHODS This longitudinal study recruited 20 patients with BD admitted to our acute psychiatric ward with a manic (n = 15) or depressive (n = 5) episode, and 10 matched HC. We assessed manic and depressive symptoms using standardized psychometric scales. Different mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs: Routine, Leak, electron transport chain [ETC], Rox) were assessed during the acute episode (T0) and after clinical remission (T1) using high-resolution respirometry at 37°C by polarographic oxygen sensors in a two-chamber Oxygraph-2k system in one million of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC). Specific OCRs were expressed as mean ± SD in picomoles of oxygen per million cells. Significant results were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS The longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in the maximal oxygen consumption capacity (ETC) in clinical remission (25.7 ± 16.7) compared to the acute episodes (19.1 ± 11.8, p = 0.025), and was observed separately for patients admitted with a manic episode (29.2 ± 18.9 in T1, 22.3 ± 11.9 in T0, p = 0.076), and at a trend-level for patients admitted with a depressive episode (15.4 ± 3.9 in T1 compared to 9.4 ± 3.2 in T0, p = 0.107). Compared to HC, significant differences were observed in ETC in patients with a bipolar mood episode (H = 11.7; p = 0.003). Individuals with bipolar depression showed lower ETC than those with a manic episode (t = -3.7, p = 0.001). Also, significant differences were observed in ETC rates between HC and bipolar depression (Z = 1.000, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Bioenergetic and mitochondrial dysregulation could be present in both manic and depressive phases in BD and, importantly, they may restore after clinical remission. These preliminary results suggest that mitochondrial respiratory capacity could be a biomarker of illness activity and clinical response in BD. Further studies with larger samples and similar approaches are needed to confirm these results and identify potential biomarkers in different phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Meseguer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Josep García-García
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Tobías
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valls
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Roqué
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Sánchez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Roca
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Valentí
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Bracco
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Andreu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Salmerón
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluc Colomer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Calarco CA, Keppetipola SM, Kumar G, Shipper AG, Lobo MK. Whole blood mitochondrial copy number in clinical populations with mood disorders: A meta-analysis: Blood mitochondrial copy number and mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115662. [PMID: 38118327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are globally prevalent, contributing to significant disease burden and adverse health outcomes. These mood disorders are associated with changes in many aspects of brain reward pathways, yet cellular and molecular changes in the brain are not readily available in clinical populations. Therefore, the use of biomarkers as proxies for changes in the brain are necessary. The proliferation of mitochondria in blood has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker, yet a clear consensus on how these mood disorders impact mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has not been reached. To determine the current available consensus on the relationship of mood disorder diagnosis and blood mtDNcn, we performed a meta-analysis of available literature measuring this biomarker. Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic search, 22 papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (10 MDD, 10 BD, 2 both MDD and BD). We extracted demographic, disorder, and methodological information with mtDNAcn. Using the metafor package for R, calculated effect sizes were used in random effects or meta regression models for MDD and BD. Overall, our data suggest blood mtDNAcn may be a useful biomarker for mood disorders, with MDD and BD Type II associated with higher mtDNAcn, and BD Type I associated with lower mtDNAcn. Initially, we observed a trending increase in mtDNAcn in patients with MDD, which reached significance when one study with outlying demographic characteristics was excluded. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated the relationship between mtDNAcn and diagnosis in patients with BD is dependent on BD type, while no relationship is detectable when BD types are mixed. Further study of blood mtDNAcn could predict downstream health outcomes or treatment responsivity in individuals with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | | | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Andrea G Shipper
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, 601W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
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4
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Ceylan D, Karacicek B, Tufekci KU, Aksahin IC, Senol SH, Genc S. Mitochondrial DNA oxidation, methylation, and copy number alterations in major and bipolar depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1304660. [PMID: 38161720 PMCID: PMC10755902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mood disorders are common disabling psychiatric disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modifications and epigenetics are promising areas of research in depression since mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with depression. In this study we aimed to investigate the mtDNA changes in depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods Displacement loop methylation (D-loop-met), relative mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) and mtDNA oxidation (mtDNA-oxi) were investigated in DNA samples of individuals with MDD (n = 34), BD (n = 23), and healthy controls (HC; n = 40) using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were obtained from a subset of individuals with MDD (n = 15) during a depressive episode (baseline) and after remission (8th week). Results The study groups exhibited significant differences in D-loop-met (p = 0.020), while relative mtDNA-cn and mtDNA-oxi showed comparable results. During the remission phase (8th week), there were lower levels of relative mtDNA-cn (Z = -2.783, p = 0.005) and D-loop-met (Z = -3.180, p = 0.001) compared to the acute MDD baseline, with no significant change in mtDNA-oxi levels (Z = -1.193, p = 0.233). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly increased D-loop methylation in MDD compared to BD and HCs, suggesting distinct mtDNA modifications in these conditions. Moreover, the observed alterations in relative mtDNA-cn and D-loop-met during remission suggest a potential role of mtDNA alterations in the pathophysiology of MDD. Future studies may provide valuable insights into the dynamics of mtDNA modifications in both disorders and their response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ceylan
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bilge Karacicek
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Ugur Tufekci
- Brain and Neuroscience Research and Application Center, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Izel Cemre Aksahin
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevin Hun Senol
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
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5
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Calarco CA, Keppetipola SM, Kumar G, Shipper AG, Lobo MK. Whole blood mitochondrial copy number in clinical populations with mood disorders: a meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557572. [PMID: 37745411 PMCID: PMC10515896 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are globally prevalent, contributing to significant disease burden and adverse health outcomes. These mood disorders are associated with changes in many aspects of brain reward pathways, yet cellular and molecular changes in the brain are not readily available in clinical populations. Therefore, the use of biomarkers as proxies for changes in the brain are necessary. The proliferation of mitochondria in blood has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker, yet a clear consensus on how these mood disorders impact mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has not been reached. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic search, 22 papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (10 MDD, 10 BD, 2 both MDD and BD). We extracted demographic, disorder, and methodological information with mtDNAcn. Using the metafor package for R, calculated effect sizes were used in random effects or meta regression models for MDD and BD. Results Our results show a trending increase in mtDNAcn in patients with MDD, which reaches significance when one study with outlying demographic characteristics is excluded. Overall, there was no effect of BD on mtDNAcn, however, further subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated the effects on mtDNAcn are dependent on BD type. Conclusions Together our data suggest whole blood/leukocyte mtDNAcn may be a useful biomarker for mood disorders, with MDD and BD Type II associated with higher mtDNAcn, and BD Type I associated with lower mtDNAcn. Further study of blood mtDNAcn could predict downstream health outcomes or treatment responsivity in individuals with mood disorders.
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6
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Ryan KM, Doody E, McLoughlin DM. Whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in depression and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110656. [PMID: 36216200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in various psychiatric conditions. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA, represents an attractive marker of mitochondrial health that is easily measured from stored DNA samples, and has been shown to be altered in depression. In this study, we measured mtDNAcn in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 89) and determined the relationship between mtDNAcn and depression severity and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also explored the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length and inflammatory markers. Our results show that mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from patients with depression when compared to control samples, and this result survived statistical adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.002). mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from subgroups of patients with non-psychotic or unipolar depression. There was no difference in mtDNAcn noted in subgroups of ECT remitters/non-remitters or responders/non-responders. Moreover, mtDNAcn was not associated with depression severity, telomere length, or circulating inflammatory marker concentrations. Overall, our results show that mtDNAcn is elevated in blood from patients with depression, though whether this translates to mitochondrial function is unknown. Further work is required to clarify the contribution of mitochondria and mtDNA to the pathophysiology of depression and the therapeutic response to antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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7
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Martín-Hernández D, Martínez M, Robledo-Montaña J, Muñoz-López M, Virto L, Ambrosio N, Marín MJ, Montero E, Herrera D, Sanz M, Leza JC, Figuero E, García-Bueno B. Neuroinflammation related to the blood-brain barrier and sphingosine-1-phosphate in a pre-clinical model of periodontal diseases and depression in rats. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:642-656. [PMID: 36644813 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential mechanisms of neuroinflammation (microglia, blood-brain barrier [BBB] permeability, and the sphingosine-1-phosphate [S1P] pathways) resulting from the association between periodontitis and depression in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pre-clinical in vivo experimental study used Wistar rats, in which experimental periodontitis (P) was induced by using oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Then, a chronic mild stress (CMS) model was implemented to induce a depressive-like behaviour, resulting in four groups: P with CMS (P+CMS+), P without CMS (P+CMS-), CMS without P (P-CMS+), and control (P-CMS-). After harvesting brain samples, protein/mRNA expression analyses and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were performed in the frontal cortex (FC). Results were analysed by ANOVA. RESULTS CMS exposure increased the number of microglia (an indicator of neuroinflammation) in the FC. In the combined model (P+CMS+), there was a decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], occludin) and an increase in intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), suggesting a more severe disruption of the BBB. The enzymes and receptors of S1P were also differentially regulated. CONCLUSIONS Microglia, BBB permeability, and S1P pathways could be relevant mechanisms explaining the association between periodontitis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robledo-Montaña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz-López
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Virto
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Optics, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Ambrosio
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Marín
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Montero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Büttiker P, Weissenberger S, Esch T, Anders M, Raboch J, Ptacek R, Kream RM, Stefano GB. Dysfunctional mitochondrial processes contribute to energy perturbations in the brain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1095923. [PMID: 36686690 PMCID: PMC9849387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex endosymbionts that evolved from primordial purple nonsulfur bacteria. The incorporation of bacteria-derived mitochondria facilitates a more efficient and effective production of energy than what could be achieved based on previous processes alone. In this case, endosymbiosis has resulted in the seamless coupling of cytochrome c oxidase and F-ATPase to maximize energy production. However, this mechanism also results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a phenomenon that can have both positive and negative ramifications on the host. Recent studies have revealed that neuropsychiatric disorders have a pro-inflammatory component in which ROS is capable of initiating damage and cognitive malfunction. Our current understanding of cognition suggests that it is the product of a neuronal network that consumes a substantial amount of energy. Thus, alterations or perturbations of mitochondrial function may alter not only brain energy supply and metabolite generation, but also thought processes and behavior. Mitochondrial abnormalities and oxidative stress have been implicated in several well-known psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). As cognition is highly energy-dependent, we propose that the neuronal pathways underlying maladaptive cognitive processing and psychiatric symptoms are most likely dependent on mitochondrial function, and thus involve brain energy translocation and the accumulation of the byproducts of oxidative stress. We also hypothesize that neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g., disrupted emotional processing) may represent the vestiges of an ancient masked evolutionary response that can be used by both hosts and pathogens to promote self-repair and proliferation via parasitic and/or symbiotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Büttiker
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Simon Weissenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptacek
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Richard M. Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - George B. Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: George B. Stefano,
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9
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Spano L, Etain B, Laplanche JL, Leboyer M, Gard S, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C. Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in bipolar disorder: A sibling study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 24:449-456. [PMID: 36193690 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2131907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An accelerated cellular ageing has been observed in bipolar disorder (BD) using biomarkers such as telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Several risk factors might drive premature ageing in individuals with BD, including a familial predisposition. This study compared TL and mtDNAcn between individuals with BD and their (un)-affected siblings, and explored factors that may explain proband-sibling differences. METHODS Sixty individuals with BD and seventy-four siblings (34 affected with BD or mood disorders and 40 unaffected) were included. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure TL and mtDNAcn from peripheral blood genomic DNA. RESULTS TL and mtDNAcn did not significantly differ between probands and their siblings, whatever these latter were affected or not with mood disorders. However, the correlation plots of TL or mtDNAcn in proband-sibling pairs suggested that some pairs were discordant. The within proband-sibling pairs differences for TL and mtDNAcn were not explained by differences in all tested factors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that probands with BD and their siblings are concordant for TL and mtDNAcn suggesting that they may share some environmental or genetic determinants of these two biomarkers of cellular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Spano
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France.,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP.Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France.,Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, DMU BioGeM, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP.Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gard
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.,Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France.,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP.Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
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10
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Das SC, Hjelm BE, Rollins BL, Sequeira A, Morgan L, Omidsalar AA, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Lee FS, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Bunney WE, Vawter MP. Mitochondria DNA copy number, mitochondria DNA total somatic deletions, Complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:353. [PMID: 36042222 PMCID: PMC9427957 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a neurobiological phenomenon implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that can synergistically affect synaptic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share molecular alterations at the mitochondrial and synaptic levels. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN), mtDNA common deletion (CD), mtDNA total deletion, complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number were studied in the postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), primary visual cortex (V1), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of controls (CON), and subjects with schizophrenia (SZ), and bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed (i) the mtDNA CN is significantly higher in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, decreased in the STG of BD, and unaltered in V1 and NAc of both SZ and BD; (ii) the mtDNA CD is significantly higher in DLPFC of BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of both SZ and BD; (iii) The total deletion burden is significantly higher in DLPFC in both SZ and BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of SZ and BD; (iv) Complex I activity is significantly lower in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, which is driven by the presence of medications, with no alteration in STG, V1, and NAc. In addition, complex I protein concentration, by ELISA, was decreased across three cortical regions of SZ and BD subjects; (v) The number of synapses is decreased in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, while the synaptic mitochondria number was significantly lower in female SZ and female BD compared to female controls. Overall, these findings will pave the way to understand better the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C. Das
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Brooke E. Hjelm
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Brandi L. Rollins
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Ling Morgan
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Audrey A. Omidsalar
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alan F. Schatzberg
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jack D. Barchas
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ USA
| | - Francis S. Lee
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ USA
| | - Richard M. Myers
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Huda Akil
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - William E. Bunney
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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11
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Wang X, Memon AA, Palmér K, Hedelius A, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. The association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with incident mental disorders in women: A population-based follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:111-115. [PMID: 35427715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence suggests that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) may differ among patients with mental disorders compared to the general population. However, whether mtDNA-CN is independently associated with the subsequent incidence of mental disorders remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used droplet digital PCR to measure the absolute mtDNA-CN in DNA samples obtained from a population-based follow-up study, which included a total of 2354 middle-aged women (52-63 years) who were free of mental disorders at baseline. After 17 years (median) of follow-up, 727 participants were diagnosed with mental disorders. RESULTS In the univariate Cox regression, lower baseline mtDNA-CN (mtDNA-CN < 117) was associated with a higher risk of mental disorders (HR = 1.16, p = 0.047). In addition, smoking, marital status and sleeping quality were associated with both mtDNA-CN and mental disorders. After adjusting for these variables, the association between mtDNA-CN and mental disorders decreased and became non-significant (HR = 1.07, p = 0.36). Stratification of data according to the subtype of mental disorders, showed that low mtDNA-CN was associated with a higher risk of alcohol or drug use disorders (HR = 1.82, p = 0.045 after adjusting). CONCLUSION In the present study, we could not find any independent association between mtDNA-CN blood and the most common mental disorders in a population-based follow-up study of Swedish women, except for alcohol and drug use disorders. The use of blood mtDNA-CN as a biomarker of mental disorders, in addition to other risk factors, needs to be further examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden.
| | - Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Karolina Palmér
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Anna Hedelius
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö 20502, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan
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12
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Alwehaidah MS, AlFadhli S, Al-Kafaji G. Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number is a potential non-invasive biomarker for psoriasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270714. [PMID: 35767552 PMCID: PMC9242485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the mitochondria have been linked to psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in thousands of copies per cell and altered mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a common indicator of mitochondrial function, has been proposed as a biomarker for several diseases including autoimmune diseases. In this case–control study, we investigated whether the mtDNA-CN is related to psoriasis, correlates with the disease duration and severity, and can serve as a disease biomarker. Relative mtDNA-CN as compared with nuclear DNA was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood buffy coat samples from 56 patients with psoriasis and 44 healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the value of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker. We found that the mtDNA-CN was significantly decreased in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls (93.6±5.3 vs. 205±71; P = 0.04). Sub-group analyses with stratification of patients based on disease duration under or over 10 years and disease severity indicated that the mtDNA-CN was significantly lower in patients with longer disease duration (74±4.3 in disease duration >10 years vs. 79±8.3 in disease duration <10 years, P = 0.009), and higher disease severity (72±4.3 in moderate-to-severe index vs. 88.3 ± 6 in mild index, P = 0.017). Moreover, the mtDNA-CN was negatively correlated with the disease duration and disease severity (r = -0.36, P = 0.006; r = -0.41, P = 0.003 respectively). The ROC analysis of mtDNA-CN showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.98; P = 0.002) for differentiating patients from healthy controls. Our study suggests that low mtDNA-CN may be an early abnormality in psoriasis and associates with the disease progression. Our study also suggests that mtDNA-CN may be a novel blood-based biomarker for the early detection of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Faculty of Allied Health, Department of Medical Laboratory, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Suad AlFadhli
- Faculty of Allied Health, Department of Medical Laboratory, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait
| | - Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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13
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He Y, Han Y, Liao X, Zou M, Wang Y. Biology of cyclooxygenase-2: An application in depression therapeutics. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1037588. [PMID: 36440427 PMCID: PMC9684729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1037588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive Disorder is a common mood disorder or affective disorder that is dominated by depressed mood. It is characterized by a high incidence and recurrence. The onset of depression is related to genetic, biological and psychosocial factors. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on the inflammatory hypothesis of depression, in which cyclo-oxygen-ase 2 (COX-2), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely associated with depression. A variety of chemical drugs and natural products have been found to exert therapeutic effects by modulating COX-2 levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between COX-2 and depression in terms of neuroinflammation, intestinal flora, neurotransmitters, HPA axis, mitochondrial dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal damage, which can provide a reference for further preventive control, clinical treatment and scientific research on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Power and Innovative Drugs State Key Laboratory of Ministry Training Bases, Changsha, China
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