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Sullivan KM, Goldmuntz EA, Keyes-Elstein L, McSweeney PA, Pinckney A, Welch B, Mayes MD, Nash RA, Crofford LJ, Eggleston B, Castina S, Griffith LM, Goldstein JS, Wallace D, Craciunescu O, Khanna D, Folz RJ, Goldin J, St Clair EW, Seibold JR, Phillips K, Mineishi S, Simms RW, Ballen K, Wener MH, Georges GE, Heimfeld S, Hosing C, Forman S, Kafaja S, Silver RM, Griffing L, Storek J, LeClercq S, Brasington R, Csuka ME, Bredeson C, Keever-Taylor C, Domsic RT, Kahaleh MB, Medsger T, Furst DE. Myeloablative Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Severe Scleroderma. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:35-47. [PMID: 29298160 PMCID: PMC5846574 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1703327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite current therapies, diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) often has a devastating outcome. We compared myeloablative CD34+ selected autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with immunosuppression by means of 12 monthly infusions of cyclophosphamide in patients with scleroderma. METHODS We randomly assigned adults (18 to 69 years of age) with severe scleroderma to undergo myeloablative autologous stem-cell transplantation (36 participants) or to receive cyclophosphamide (39 participants). The primary end point was a global rank composite score comparing participants with each other on the basis of a hierarchy of disease features assessed at 54 months: death, event-free survival (survival without respiratory, renal, or cardiac failure), forced vital capacity, the score on the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and the modified Rodnan skin score. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat population, global rank composite scores at 54 months showed the superiority of transplantation (67% of 1404 pairwise comparisons favored transplantation and 33% favored cyclophosphamide, P=0.01). In the per-protocol population (participants who received a transplant or completed ≥9 doses of cyclophosphamide), the rate of event-free survival at 54 months was 79% in the transplantation group and 50% in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.02). At 72 months, Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival (74% vs. 47%) and overall survival (86% vs. 51%) also favored transplantation (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). A total of 9% of the participants in the transplantation group had initiated disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) by 54 months, as compared with 44% of those in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.001). Treatment-related mortality in the transplantation group was 3% at 54 months and 6% at 72 months, as compared with 0% in the cyclophosphamide group. CONCLUSIONS Myeloablative autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation achieved long-term benefits in patients with scleroderma, including improved event-free and overall survival, at a cost of increased expected toxicity. Rates of treatment-related death and post-transplantation use of DMARDs were lower than those in previous reports of nonmyeloablative transplantation. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00114530 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Sullivan
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Ellen A Goldmuntz
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Lynette Keyes-Elstein
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Peter A McSweeney
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Ashley Pinckney
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Beverly Welch
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard A Nash
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Barry Eggleston
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Sharon Castina
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Linda M Griffith
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Julia S Goldstein
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Dennis Wallace
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Rodney J Folz
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - E William St Clair
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - James R Seibold
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Kristine Phillips
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Shin Mineishi
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Robert W Simms
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Karen Ballen
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Mark H Wener
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - George E Georges
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Shelly Heimfeld
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Chitra Hosing
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Stephen Forman
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Suzanne Kafaja
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard M Silver
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Leroy Griffing
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Jan Storek
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Sharon LeClercq
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard Brasington
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Mary E Csuka
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Christopher Bredeson
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Carolyn Keever-Taylor
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Robyn T Domsic
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - M Bashar Kahaleh
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Thomas Medsger
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Daniel E Furst
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
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