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Peeters LD, Wills LJ, Cuozzo AM, Ivanich KL, Turney SE, Bullock LP, Price RM, Gass JT, Brown RW. Modulation of mGlu5 reduces rewarding associative properties of nicotine via changes in mesolimbic plasticity: Relevance to comorbid cigarette smoking in psychosis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173752. [PMID: 38521210 PMCID: PMC11088493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antipsychotic medications that are used to treat psychosis are often limited in their efficacy by high rates of severe side effects. Treatment success in schizophrenia is further complicated by high rates of comorbid nicotine use. Dopamine D2 heteroreceptor complexes have recently emerged as targets for the development of more efficacious pharmaceutical treatments for schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to explore the use of the positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu5 receptor 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) as a treatment to reduce symptoms related to psychosis and comorbid nicotine use. METHODS Neonatal treatment of animals with the dopamine D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole (NQ) from postnatal day (P)1-21 produces a lifelong increase in D2 receptor sensitivity, showing relevance to psychosis and comorbid tobacco use disorder. Following an 8-day conditioning paradigm, brain tissue in the mesolimbic pathway was analyzed for several plasticity markers, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (phospho-p70S6K), and cadherin-13 (Cdh13). RESULTS Pretreatment with CDPPB was effective to block enhanced nicotine conditioned place preference observed in NQ-treated animals. Pretreatment was additionally effective to block the nicotine-induced increase in BDNF and sex-dependent increases in cadherin-13 in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as well as increased phospho-p70S6K in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell found in NQ-treated animals. CONCLUSION In conjunction with prior work, the current study suggests positive allosteric modulation of the mGlu5 receptor, an emerging target for schizophrenia therapeutics, may be effective for the treatment of comorbid nicotine abuse in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren D Peeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Liza J Wills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Anthony M Cuozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Kira L Ivanich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Seth E Turney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Luke P Bullock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Robert M Price
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Justin T Gass
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America.
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Peeters LD, Wills LJ, Cuozzo AM, Ivanich KL, Brown RW. Reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference in a transgenerational model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis: Impact of BDNF on the saliency of drug associations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06379-7. [PMID: 37160431 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are often accompanied by high rates of cigarette smoking, reduced quit success, and high relapse rates, negatively affecting patient outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying altered relapse-like behaviors in psychosis are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The present study analyzed changes in extinction and reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) and resulting changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a novel heritable rodent model of psychosis, demonstrating increased dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity, to explore mechanisms contributing to changes in relapse-like behaviors. METHODS Male and female offspring of two neonatal quinpirole-treated (1 mg/kg quinpirole from postnatal day (P)1-21; QQ) and two neonatal saline-treated (SS) Sprague-Dawley rats (F1 generation) were tested on an extended CPP paradigm to analyze extinction and nicotine-primed reinstatement. Brain tissue was analyzed 60 min after the last nicotine injection for BDNF response in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the infralimbic (IfL) and prelimbic (PrL) cortices. RESULTS F1 generation QQ offspring demonstrated delayed extinction and more robust reinstatement compared to SS control animals. In addition, QQ animals demonstrated an enhanced BDNF response to nicotine in the VTA, IfL and Prl cortices compared to SS offspring. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate altered relapse-like behavior in a heritable rodent model with relevance to comorbid drug abuse and psychosis. This altered pattern of behavior is hypothesized to be related to elevated activity-dependent BDNF in brain areas associated with drug reinforcement during conditioning that persists through the extinction phase, rendering aberrantly salient drug associations resistant to extinction and enhancing relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren D Peeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Liza J Wills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Anthony M Cuozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Kira L Ivanich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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Xue B, Waseem SMA, Zhu Z, Alshahrani MA, Nazam N, Anjum F, Habib AH, Rafeeq MM, Nazam F, Sharma M. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Connecting Link Between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:925991. [PMID: 35692417 PMCID: PMC9177140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.925991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) involving tropomyosin kinase B and low affinity p75 neurotropin receptors is the most abundant and researched neurotropins in mammal’s brain. It is one of the potential targets for therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) owing to its key role in synaptic plasticity. Low levels of BDNF are implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases including AD. However, a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and dietary modifications are shown to positively influence insulin regulation in the brain, reduce inflammation, and up-regulate the levels of BDNF, and are thus expected to have roles in AD. In this review, the relationship between BDNF, mental health, and AD is discussed. Insights into the interrelationships between nutrition, lifestyle, and environment with BDNF and possible roles in AD are also provided in the review. The review sheds light on the possible new therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhixin Zhu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed A. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Nazam
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hamed Habib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Nazam
- Section of Psychology, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Monika Sharma,
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Gill WD, Burgess KC, Vied C, Brown RW. Transgenerational evidence of increases in dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity in rodents: Impact on sensorimotor gating, the behavioral response to nicotine and BDNF. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1188-1203. [PMID: 34291671 PMCID: PMC9169618 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211033927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neonatal quinpirole (NQ) treatment to rats increases dopamine D2 (DAD2) receptor sensitivity in adult animals. We investigated if increased DAD2 sensitivity would be passed to the next (F1) generation, and if these animals demonstrated sensorimotor gating deficits and enhanced behavioral responses to nicotine. METHODS Male and female rats were intraperitoneal (IP) administered quinpirole (1 mg/kg) or saline (NS) from postnatal day (P)1-21. Animals were either behaviorally tested (F0) or raised to P60 and mated, creating F1 offspring. RESULTS Experiment 1 revealed that F1 generation animals that were the offspring of at least one NQ-treated founder increased yawning behavior, a DAD2-mediated behavioral event, in response to acute quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg). F1 generation rats also demonstrated increased striatal β arrestin-2 and decreased phospho-AKT signaling, consistent with increased G-protein independent DAD2 signaling, which was equal to F0 NQ-treated founders, although this was not observed in all groups. RNA-Seq analysis revealed significant gene expression changes in the F1 generation that were offspring of both NQ-treated founders compared to F0 NQ founders and controls, with enrichment in sensitivity to stress hormones and cell signaling pathways. In Experiment 2, all F1 generation offspring demonstrated sensorimotor gating deficits compared to controls, which were equivalent to F0 NQ-treated founders. In Experiment 3, all F1 generation animals demonstrated enhanced nicotine behavioral sensitization and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein. Further, F1 generation rats demonstrated enhanced adolescent nicotine conditioned place preference equivalent to NQ-treated founders conditioned with nicotine. CONCLUSIONS This represents the first demonstration of transgenerational effects of increased DAD2 sensitivity in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Drew Gill
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Katherine C Burgess
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Adolescent nicotine treatment causes robust locomotor sensitization during adolescence but impedes the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine intake in adult female Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 207:173224. [PMID: 34197844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Very few people are able to quit smoking, and therefore it is essential to know which factors contribute to the development of compulsive nicotine use. These studies aimed to investigate if early-adolescent nicotine exposure causes locomotor sensitization and affects anxiety-like behavior and the spontaneous acquisition of intravenous nicotine self-administration. Early-adolescent male and female rats were treated with nicotine from postnatal (P) days 24 to 42, and anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were investigated one day after the cessation of nicotine treatment and in adulthood (>P75). The spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration was also investigated in adulthood. The rats self-administered 0.03 mg/kg/infusion of nicotine for six days under a fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedule and four days under an FR2 schedule (3-h sessions). Repeated nicotine administration increased locomotor activity, rearing, and stereotypies in a small open field in adolescent male and female rats. One day after the last nicotine injection, the percentage of open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test was decreased in the males and increased in the females. However, locomotor activity in the small open field was unaffected. Adolescent nicotine treatment did not affect anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity in adulthood. During the 10-day nicotine self-administration period, the females had a higher level of nicotine intake than the males. Adolescent nicotine treatment decreased nicotine intake in the females. In conclusion, these findings indicate that repeated nicotine administration during adolescence causes robust behavioral sensitization and leads to lower nicotine intake in females throughout the acquisition period in adulthood in rats.
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Gill WD, Shelton HW, Burgess KC, Brown RW. Effects of an adenosine A 2A agonist on the rewarding associative properties of nicotine and neural plasticity in a rodent model of schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:137-144. [PMID: 31694445 PMCID: PMC9199013 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119885917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A2a receptors form a mutually inhibitory heteromeric complex with dopamine D2 receptors such that each receptor exhibits lower sensitivity to its agonist after the opposing receptor agonist is bound. This study analyzed the effects of CGS 21680, an adenosine A2A agonist, on nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescence using a rodent model of schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS Rats were treated from postnatal day (P) 1 to P21 with saline or the dopamine D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (NQ treatment) and raised to P41. After an initial preference test, rats were conditioned with saline or nicotine (0.6 mg/kg base) from P43 to P51. CGS 21680 (0.03 or 0.09 mg/kg) was given 15 minutes before nicotine was administered. The post-conditioning test was administered on P52. On P53, the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) was analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-lined neurotrophic factor (GDNF). RESULTS Results revealed that NQ treatment enhanced nicotine CPP, and both doses of CGS 21680 alleviated this enhancement. Nicotine also resulted in a CPP in controls, which was alleviated by both doses of CGS 21680. BDNF closely followed the behavioral results: CGS 21680 alleviated the enhancement in NAcc BDNF in NQ-treated animals, and eliminated the increase in NAcc BDNF produced by nicotine in controls. NQ-treated animals conditioned to nicotine resulted in an increase of NAcc GDNF, but this was eliminated by CGS 21680. Both BDNF and GDNF correlated with CPP performance. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed that an adenosine A2A agonist decreased the rewarding aspects of nicotine and its accompanying neural plasticity changes in a model of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Drew Gill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Heath W Shelton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Katherine C Burgess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Interactions of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Regulation of Behaviors after Nicotine Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122943. [PMID: 31208140 PMCID: PMC6627482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine causes tobacco dependence, which may result in fatal respiratory diseases. The striatum is a key structure of forebrain basal nuclei associated with nicotine dependence. In the striatum, glutamate release is increased when α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the glutamatergic terminals are exposed to nicotine, and over-stimulates glutamate receptors in gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. These receptor over-stimulations in turn potentiate GABAergic outputs to forebrain basal nuclei and contribute to the increase in psychomotor behaviors associated with nicotine dependence. In parallel with glutamate increases, nicotine exposure elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release through anterograde and retrograde targeting of the synapses of glutamatergic terminals and GABAergic neurons. This article reviews nicotine-exposure induced elevations of glutamatergic neurotransmission, the bidirectional targeting of BDNF in the striatum, and the potential regulatory role played by BDNF in behavioral responses to nicotine exposure.
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Kostrzewa RM, Wydra K, Filip M, Crawford CA, McDougall SA, Brown RW, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K, Gainetdinov RR. Dopamine D 2 Receptor Supersensitivity as a Spectrum of Neurotoxicity and Status in Psychiatric Disorders. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:519-526. [PMID: 29921706 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.247981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) function, often observed as D2R supersensitivity (D2RSS), is a commonality of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in humans. Moreover, virtually all psychotherapeutic agents for schizophrenia target D2R in brain. Permanent D2RSS as a feature of a new animal model of schizophrenia was first reported in 1991, and then behaviorally and biochemically characterized over the next 15-20 years. In this model of schizophrenia characterized by production of D2RSS in ontogeny, there are demonstrated alterations of signaling processes, as well as functional links between the biologic template of the animal model and ability of pharmacotherapeutics to modulate or reverse biologic and behavioral modalities toward normality. Another such animal model, featuring knockout of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), demonstrates D2RSS with an increase in the proportion of D2R in the high-affinity state. Currently, TAAR1 agonists are being explored as a therapeutic option for schizophrenia. There is likewise an overlay of D2RSS with substance use disorder. The aspect of adenosine A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complexes in substance use disorder is highlighted, and the association of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in discriminative and rewarding effects of psychostimulants is outlined. In summary, these new animal models of schizophrenia have face, construct, and predictive validity, and distinct advantages over earlier models. While the review summarizes elements of D2RSS in schizophrenia per se, and its interplay with substance use disorder, a major focus is on presumed new molecular targets attending D2RSS in schizophrenia and related clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Cynthia A Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Sanders A McDougall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (R.M.K., R.W.B.); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland (K.W., M.F.); Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California (C.A.C., S.A.M.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (D.O.B.-E., K.F.); Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.)
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An analysis of the rewarding and aversive associative properties of nicotine in the neonatal quinpirole model: Effects on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Schizophr Res 2018; 194:107-114. [PMID: 28314679 PMCID: PMC5599315 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the associative properties of nicotine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in adolescent rats neonatally treated with quinpirole (NQ) or saline (NS). NQ produces dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity that persists throughout the animal's lifetime, and therefore has relevance towards schizophrenia. In two experiments, rats were ip administered quinpirole (1mg/kg) or saline from postnatal day (P)1-21. After an initial preference test at P42-43, animals were conditioned for eight consecutive days with saline or nicotine (0.6mg/kg free base) in Experiment 1 or saline or nicotine (1.8mg/kg free base) in Experiment 2. In addition, there were NQ and NS groups in each experiment given the antipsychotic haloperidol (0.05mg/kg) or clozapine (2.5mg/kg) before nicotine conditioning. A drug free post-conditioning test was administered at P52. At P53, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was analyzed for glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results revealed that NQ enhanced nicotine CPP, but blunted the aversive properties of nicotine. Haloperidol was more effective than clozapine at blocking nicotine CPP in Experiment 1, but neither antipsychotic affected nicotine conditioned place aversion in Experiment 2. NQ increased accumbal GDNF which was sensitized in NQ rats conditioned to nicotine in Experiment 1, but the aversive dose of nicotine reduced GDNF in NQ animals in Experiment 2. Both antipsychotics in combination with the aversive dose of nicotine decreased accumbal GDNF. In sum, increased D2 receptor sensitivity influenced the associative properties and GDNF response to nicotine which has implications towards pharmacological targets for smoking cessation in schizophrenia.
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Peterson DJ, Gill WD, Dose JM, Hoover DB, Pauly JR, Cummins ED, Burgess KC, Brown RW. The effects of nicotine in the neonatal quinpirole rodent model of psychosis: Neural plasticity mechanisms and nicotinic receptor changes. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:17-24. [PMID: 28235586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal quinpirole (NQ) treatment to rats increases dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity persistent throughout the animal's lifetime. In Experiment 1, we analyzed the role of α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in nicotine behavioral sensitization and on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) response to nicotine in NQ- and neonatally saline (NS)-treated rats. In Experiment 2, we analyzed changes in α7 and α4β2 nAChR density in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and dorsal striatum in NQ and NS animals sensitized to nicotine. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were neonatally treated with quinpirole (1mg/kg) or saline from postnatal days (P)1-21. Animals were given ip injections of either saline or nicotine (0.5mg/kg free base) every second day from P33 to P49 and tested on behavioral sensitization. Before each injection, animals were ip administered the α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 2 or 4mg/kg) or the α4β2 nAChR antagonist dihydro beta erythroidine (DhβE; 1 or 3mg/kg). Results revealed NQ enhanced nicotine sensitization that was blocked by DhβE. MLA blocked the enhanced nicotine sensitization in NQ animals, but did not block nicotine sensitization. NQ enhanced the NAcc BDNF response to nicotine which was blocked by both antagonists. In Experiment 2, NQ enhanced nicotine sensitization and enhanced α4β2, but not α7, nAChR upregulation in the NAcc. These results suggest a relationship between accumbal BDNF and α4β2 nAChRs and their role in the behavioral response to nicotine in the NQ model which has relevance to schizophrenia, a behavioral disorder with high rates of tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Peterson
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - W Drew Gill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - John M Dose
- Department of Psychology, St. Norbert College, De Pere, WI, 54115,United States
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Cummins
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Katherine C Burgess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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11
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Cummins ED, Leedy KK, Dose JM, Peterson DJ, Kirby SL, Hernandez LJ, Brown RW. The effects of adolescent methylphenidate exposure on the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor response to nicotine. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:75-85. [PMID: 27940499 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116681458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the interaction of adolescent methylphenidate on the behavioral response to nicotine and the effects of these drug treatments on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were intraperitoneal administered 1 mg/kg methylphenidate or saline using a "school day" regimen (five days on, two days off) beginning on postnatal day (P)28 and throughout behavioral testing. In Experiment 1, animals were intraperitoneal administered 0.5 mg/kg (free base) nicotine or saline every second day for 10 days from P45-P63 and tested after a three-day drug washout on the forced swim stress task on P67-P68. Results revealed that adolescent methylphenidate blunted nicotine behavioral sensitization. However, methylphenidate-treated rats given saline during sensitization demonstrated decreased latency to immobility and increased immobility time on the forced swim stress task in males that was reduced by nicotine. In Experiment 2, a different set of animals were conditioned to nicotine (0.6 mg/kg free base) or saline using the conditioned place preference behavioral paradigm from P44-P51, and given a preference test on P52. On P53, the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus were analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Methylphenidate enhanced nicotine-conditioned place preference in females and nicotine produced conditioned place preference in males and females pre-exposed to saline in adolescence. In addition, methylphenidate and nicotine increased nucleus accumbens brain-derived neurotrophic factor in females and methylphenidate enhanced hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor in males and females. Methylphenidate adolescent exposure using a clinically relevant dose and regimen results in changes in the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to nicotine in adolescence that are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Cummins
- 1 Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Kristen K Leedy
- 1 Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - John M Dose
- 3 Department of Psychology, St Norbert College, De Pere, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Peterson
- 1 Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Seth L Kirby
- 1 Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Liza J Hernandez
- 1 Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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12
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Kawai A, Kurita M, Nishino S, Hirata E, Sato T, Okubo Y. Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2419-2424. [PMID: 29075117 PMCID: PMC5609788 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s144181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking without assistance. The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline can aid smoking cessation. The main aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiology of smoking cessation better based on biological backgrounds. We investigated the following biological markers for any alterations during smoking cessation in the absence of pharmacotherapy: the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Assessment and blood sampling were performed at a baseline (the start) time point and at a critical time point during smoking cessation. Seven of 30 smokers quit during a 16-week follow-up period; these smokers were defined as remission group from tobacco dependence. The remaining 23 smokers were categorized as hardcore smokers. The smoking group was compared with 23 non-smokers matched for age and gender. We compared blood levels of biological markers in each of the three groups. The hardcore smoker group showed significant decreases in HVA and MHPG levels between baseline and the critical time point (p=0.018 and p=0.033, respectively). However, the remission from tobacco dependence group exhibited no significant changes in any of the biomarkers examined. They had lower scores on the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale than the hardcore smoker group (p=0.002). The hardcore smoker group had higher MHPG and BDNF levels than the non-smoker group (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Hardcore smokers experience severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with catecholamine deficiency. The resulting withdrawal symptoms make quitting difficult for hardcore smokers. These hardcore smokers may require medication to compensate for the catecholamine deficit. Non-nicotinic medications such as bupropion, nortriptyline, or varenicline may be required to bolster the catecholamine deficit in hardcore smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kawai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku.,Total Health Clinic, Nanyo
| | - Masatake Kurita
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku.,Natori Station Front Clinic, Natori.,Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi
| | - Satoshi Nishino
- Natori Station Front Clinic, Natori.,Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi
| | | | | | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku
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Abstract
Over the past 60 years, a large number of selective neurotoxins were discovered and developed, making it possible to animal-model a broad range of human neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we highlight those neurotoxins that are most commonly used as neuroteratologic agents, to either produce lifelong destruction of neurons of a particular phenotype, or a group of neurons linked by a specific class of transporter proteins (i.e., dopamine transporter) or body of receptors for a specific neurotransmitter (i.e., NMDA class of glutamate receptors). Actions of a range of neurotoxins are described: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopa, DSP-4, MPTP, methamphetamine, IgG-saporin, domoate, NMDA receptor antagonists, and valproate. Their neuroteratologic features are outlined, as well as those of nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and that of stress. The value of each of these neurotoxins in animal modeling of human neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in terms of the respective value as well as limitations of the derived animal model. Neuroteratologic agents have proven to be of immense importance for understanding how associated neural systems in human neural disorders may be better targeted by new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 430 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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14
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Said N, Lakehayli S, El Khachibi M, El Ouahli M, Nadifi S, Hakkou F, Tazi A. Prenatal stress induces vulnerability to nicotine addiction and alters D2 receptors' expression in the nucleus accumbens in adult rats. Neuroscience 2015; 304:279-85. [PMID: 26192093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) can induce several long-lasting behavioral and molecular abnormalities in rats. It can also be considered as a risk factor for many psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia, depression or PTSD and predispose to addiction. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal stress on the reinforcing properties of nicotine in the CPP paradigm. Then, we examined the mRNA expression of the D2 dopaminergic receptors using the quantitative real-time PCR technique in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We found that prenatally stressed rats exhibited a greater place preference for the nicotine-paired compartment than the control rats. Moreover, we observed an overexpression of the DRD2 gene in adult offspring stressed in utero and a downregulation in the PS NIC group (PS rats treated with nicotine) compared with their control counterparts (C NIC). These data suggest that maternal stress can permanently alter the offspring's addictive behavior and D2 receptors' expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Said
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - S Lakehayli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Khachibi
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Ouahli
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques Beni-Mellal, Life Sciences, Morocco
| | - S Nadifi
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - F Hakkou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Tazi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, 19 Rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
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15
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Truitt WA, Hauser SR, Deehan GA, Toalston JE, Wilden JA, Bell RL, McBride WJ, Rodd ZA. Ethanol and nicotine interaction within the posterior ventral tegmental area in male and female alcohol-preferring rats: evidence of synergy and differential gene activation in the nucleus accumbens shell. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:639-49. [PMID: 25155311 PMCID: PMC4516277 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ethanol and nicotine are frequently co-abused. The biological basis for the high co-morbidity rate is not known. Alcohol-preferring (P) rats will self-administer EtOH or nicotine directly into the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA). OBJECTIVE The current experiments examined whether sub-threshold concentrations of EtOH and nicotine would support the development of self-administration behaviors if the drugs were combined. METHODS Rats were implanted with a guide cannula aimed at the pVTA. Rats were randomly assigned to groups that self-administered sub-threshold concentrations of EtOH (50 mg%) or nicotine (1 μM) or combinations of ethanol (25 or 50 mg%) and nicotine (0.5 or 1.0 μM). Alterations in gene expression downstream projections areas (nucleus accumbens shell, AcbSh) were assessed following a single, acute exposure to EtOH (50 mg%), nicotine (1 μM), or ethanol and nicotine (50 mg% + 1 μM) directly into the pVTA. RESULTS The results indicated that P rats would co-administer EtOH and nicotine directly into the pVTA at concentrations that did not support individual self-administration. EtOH and nicotine directly administered into the pVTA resulted in alterations in gene expression in the AcbSh (50.8-fold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2.4-fold decrease in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 10.3-fold increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)) that were not observed following microinjections of equivalent concentrations/doses of ethanol or nicotine. CONCLUSION The data indicate that ethanol and nicotine act synergistically to produce reinforcement and alter gene expression within the mesolimbic dopamine system. The high rate of co-morbidity of alcoholism and nicotine dependence could be the result of the interactions of EtOH and nicotine within the mesolimbic dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Truitt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Gerald A. Deehan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jamie E. Toalston
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jessica A. Wilden
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Richard L. Bell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - William J. McBride
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Zachary A. Rodd
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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16
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease: Risk, Mechanisms, and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1477-1493. [PMID: 25354497 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a neurotrophic support on neuron of central nervous system (CNS) and is a key molecule in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity and memory storage in hippocampus. However, changes of BDNF level and expression have been reported in the CNS as well as blood of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in the last decade, which indicates a potential role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the latest progress in the field of BDNF and its biological roles in AD pathogenesis. We will discuss the interaction between BDNF and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, the effect of BDNF on synaptic repair in AD, and the association between BDNF polymorphism and AD risk. The most important is, enlightening the detailed biological ability and complicated mechanisms of action of BDNF in the context of AD would provide a future BDNF-related remedy for AD, such as increment in the production or release of endogenous BDNF by some drugs or BDNF mimics.
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Adolescent nicotine-induced dendrite remodeling in the nucleus accumbens is rapid, persistent, and D1-dopamine receptor dependent. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:133-45. [PMID: 25257604 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic nicotine exposure during adolescence induces dendritic remodeling of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell. While nicotine-induced dendritic remodeling has frequently been described as persistent, the trajectory of dendrite remodeling is unknown. Specifically, no study to date has characterized the structural plasticity of dendrites in the NAcc immediately following chronic nicotine, leaving open the possibility that dendrite remodeling emerges gradually over time. Further, the neuropharmacological mechanisms through which nicotine induces dendrite remodeling are not well understood. To address these questions, rats were co-administered chronic nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) and the D1-dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist SCH-23390 (0.05 mg/kg) subcutaneously every other day during adolescence. Brains were then processed for Golgi-Cox staining either 1 day or 21 days following drug exposure and dendrites from MSNs in the NAcc shell digitally reconstructed in 3D. Spine density was also measured at both time points. Our morphometric results show (1) the formation of new dendritic branches and spines 1 day following nicotine exposure, (2) new dendritic branches, but not spine density, remains relatively stable for at least 21 days, (3) the co-administration of SCH-23390 completely blocked nicotine-induced dendritic remodeling of MSNs at both early and late time points, suggesting the formation of new dendritic branches in response to nicotine is D1DR-dependent, and (4) SCH-23390 failed to block nicotine-induced increases in spine density. Overall this study provides new insight into how nicotine influences the normal trajectory of adolescent brain development and demonstrates a persistent form of nicotine-induced neuroplasticity in the NAcc shell that develops rapidly and is D1DR dependent.
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Nicotine modulation of adolescent dopamine receptor signaling and hypothalamic peptide response. Neuropharmacology 2013; 77:285-93. [PMID: 24157491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive developmental period for limbic and dopamine systems that coincides with the typical age for onset of tobacco use. We have previously shown that a 4-day, low-dose nicotine (0.06 mg/kg) pretreatment enhances locomotor and penile response to the D2-like agonist, quinpirole (0.4 mg/kg), in adolescent but not adult rats. The present study is designed to determine mechanisms underlying this effect. Nicotine enhancement of adolescent quinpirole-induced locomotion was mediated by D2 receptors (D2Rs) since it was blocked by the D2R antagonist, L-741,626, but not by the D3R and D4R antagonists, NGB 2904 and L-745,870. Enhancement of quinpirole-induced erectile response was blocked by both L-741,626 and NGB 2904, indicating involvement of D3Rs. Whereas D2R binding was unaffected by adolescent nicotine pretreatment, effector coupling in the striatum was increased, as determined by GTPγS binding. Nicotine pretreatment enhanced quinpirole-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in adolescents only. Adolescent nicotine pretreatment enhanced c-fos mRNA expression in corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) cells of the paraventricular nucleus, and enhancement of penile erection was blocked by the CRF-1 receptor antagonist, CP 376,396. These findings suggest that adolescent dopamine and CRF systems are vulnerable to alteration by nicotine. This is the first evidence for a role of CRF in adolescent erectile response.
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