1
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Osuka RF, Yamasaki T, Kizuka Y. Structure and function of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130709. [PMID: 39233219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The β1,6-GlcNAc branch in N-glycans, produced by a glycosyltransferase N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V or MGAT5), is associated with cancer and autoimmune diseases. SCOPE Here, we summarize the structure and activity regulation of GnT-V. We also describe the roles of the β1,6-GlcNAc branch on glycoproteins in cells and the phenotypes of Mgat5-deficient mice, focusing on cancer and the immune system. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS GnT-V has a unique structure for substrate recognition, and its activity and function are regulated by shedding. The glycans produced by GnT-V play pivotal roles in the differentiation of neural cells, cancer malignancy and immunotherapy, and the development of autoimmune diseases by regulating the functions and cell surface residency of glycoproteins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Controlling the expression or activity of GnT-V could be a therapeutic option against cancer and autoimmune diseases. Future work should clarify how GnT-V selectively modifies the specific glycoproteins or N-glycosylation sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina F Osuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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2
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Yale AR, Kim E, Gutierrez B, Hanamoto JN, Lav NS, Nourse JL, Salvatus M, Hunt RF, Monuki ES, Flanagan LA. Regulation of neural stem cell differentiation and brain development by MGAT5-mediated N-glycosylation. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00141-8. [PMID: 37172586 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) encounter extracellular signals that bind plasma membrane proteins and influence differentiation. Membrane proteins are regulated by N-linked glycosylation, making it possible that glycosylation plays a critical role in cell differentiation. We assessed enzymes that control N-glycosylation in NSPCs and found that loss of the enzyme responsible for generating β1,6-branched N-glycans, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5), led to specific changes in NSPC differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mgat5 homozygous null NSPCs in culture formed more neurons and fewer astrocytes compared with wild-type controls. In the brain cerebral cortex, loss of MGAT5 caused accelerated neuronal differentiation. Rapid neuronal differentiation led to depletion of cells in the NSPC niche, resulting in a shift in cortical neuron layers in Mgat5 null mice. Glycosylation enzyme MGAT5 plays a critical and previously unrecognized role in cell differentiation and early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Yale
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Estelle Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brenda Gutierrez
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J Nicole Hanamoto
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicole S Lav
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jamison L Nourse
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marc Salvatus
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lisa A Flanagan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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3
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Dutcher EG, Lopez-Cruz L, Pama EAC, Lynall ME, Bevers ICR, Jones JA, Khan S, Sawiak SJ, Milton AL, Clatworthy MR, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET, Dalley JW. Early-life stress biases responding to negative feedback and increases amygdala volume and vulnerability to later-life stress. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:81. [PMID: 36882404 PMCID: PMC9992709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) or adversity, particularly in the form of childhood neglect and abuse, is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. However, whether these relationships are mediated by the consequences of ELS itself or by other exposures that frequently co-occur with ELS is unclear. To address this question, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats to isolate the effects of ELS on regional brain volumes and behavioral phenotypes relevant to anxiety and depression. We used the repeated maternal separation (RMS) model of chronic ELS, and conducted behavioral measurements throughout adulthood, including of probabilistic reversal learning (PRL), responding on a progressive ratio task, sucrose preference, novelty preference, novelty reactivity, and putative anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze. Our behavioral assessment was combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitation of regional brain volumes at three time points: immediately following RMS, young adulthood without further stress, and late adulthood with further stress. We found that RMS caused long-lasting, sexually dimorphic biased responding to negative feedback on the PRL task. RMS also slowed response time on the PRL task, but without this directly impacting task performance. RMS animals were also uniquely sensitive to a second stressor, which disproportionately impaired their performance and slowed their responding on the PRL task. MRI at the time of the adult stress revealed a larger amygdala volume in RMS animals compared with controls. These behavioral and neurobiological effects persisted well into adulthood despite a lack of effects on conventional tests of 'depression-like' and 'anxiety-like' behavior, and a lack of any evidence of anhedonia. Our findings indicate that ELS has long-lasting cognitive and neurobehavioral effects that interact with stress in adulthood and may have relevance for understanding the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Laura Lopez-Cruz
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - E A Claudia Pama
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mary-Ellen Lynall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 OQH, UK
| | - Iris C R Bevers
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jolyon A Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Shahid Khan
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 OQH, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
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4
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Duque-Quintero M, Hooijmans CR, Hurowitz A, Ahmed A, Barris B, Homberg JR, Hen R, Harris AZ, Balsam P, Atsak P. Enduring effects of early-life adversity on reward processes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104849. [PMID: 36116576 PMCID: PMC10729999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-thirds of individuals experience adversity during childhood such as neglect, abuse or highly-stressful events. Early-life adversity (ELA) increases the life-long risk of developing mood and substance use disorders. Reward-related deficits has emerged as a key endophenotype of such psychiatric disorders. Animal models are invaluable for studying how ELA leads to reward deficits. However, the existing literature is heterogenous with difficult to reconcile findings. To create an overview, we conducted a systematic review containing multiple meta-analyses regarding the effects of ELA on reward processes overall and on specific aspects of reward processing in animal models. A comprehensive search identified 120 studies. Most studies omitted key details resulting in unclear risk of bias. Overall meta-analysis showed that ELA significantly reduced reward behaviors (SMD: -0.42 [-0.60; -0.24]). The magnitude of ELA effects significantly increased with longer exposure. When reward domains were analyzed separately, ELA only significantly dampened reward responsiveness (SMD: -0.525[-0.786; -0.264]) and social reward processing (SMD: -0.374 [-0.663; -0.084]), suggesting that ELA might lead to deficits in specific reward domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Duque-Quintero
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hurowitz
- Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA
| | - Afsana Ahmed
- Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ben Barris
- Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Hen
- Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Z Harris
- Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Balsam
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piray Atsak
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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5
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Mealer RG, Williams SE, Noel M, Yang B, D’Souza AK, Nakata T, Graham DB, Creasey EA, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Woo CM, Smoller JW, Xavier RJ, Cummings RD. The schizophrenia-associated variant in SLC39A8 alters protein glycosylation in the mouse brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1405-1415. [PMID: 35260802 PMCID: PMC9106890 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A missense mutation (A391T) in SLC39A8 is strongly associated with schizophrenia in genomic studies, though the molecular connection to the brain is unknown. Human carriers of A391T have reduced serum manganese, altered plasma glycosylation, and brain MRI changes consistent with altered metal transport. Here, using a knock-in mouse model homozygous for A391T, we show that the schizophrenia-associated variant changes protein glycosylation in the brain. Glycosylation of Asn residues in glycoproteins (N-glycosylation) was most significantly impaired, with effects differing between regions. RNAseq analysis showed negligible regional variation, consistent with changes in the activity of glycosylation enzymes rather than gene expression. Finally, nearly one-third of detected glycoproteins were differentially N-glycosylated in the cortex, including members of several pathways previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as cell adhesion molecules and neurotransmitter receptors that are expressed across all cell types. These findings provide a mechanistic link between a risk allele and potentially reversible biochemical changes in the brain, furthering our molecular understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and a novel opportunity for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA.,Corresponding Author: Robert Gene Mealer, M.D., Ph.D., Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114,
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maxence Noel
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Toru Nakata
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Guan J, Ding Y, Rong Y, Geng Y, Lai L, Qi D, Tang Y, Yang L, Li J, Zhou T, Wu E, Wu R. Early Life Stress Increases Brain Glutamate and Induces Neurobehavioral Manifestations in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4169-4178. [PMID: 33179901 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is associated with an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders. Disturbances of the neurobiological glutamatergic system are implicated in depression; however, the long-term effects of ELS on glutamate (Glu) metabolites remain unclear. Our study used 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7T 1H MRS) to detect metabolic Glu in a rat model to investigate maternal deprivation (MD)-induced ELS. MD was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by periodic separation from mothers and peers. Changes in the hippocampal volume and Glu metabolism were detected by 7T 1H MRS after testing for depression-like behavior via open field, sucrose preference, and Morris water maze tests. Adult MD offspring exhibited depression-like behavior. Compared to the control, the MD group exhibited reduced ratio of central activity time to total time and decreased sucrose consumption (p < 0.05). MD rats spent less time in the fourth quadrant, where the platform was originally placed, in the Morris water maze test. According to 7T 1H MRS, hippocampus of MD rats had elevated Glu and glutamate + glutamine (Glu+Gln) levels compared with the control group hippocampi, but Gln, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate + glutamine (Glu+Gln) in the prefrontal cortex of MD rats showed a downward trend. Depression-like behavior and cognition deficits related to ELS may induce region-specific changes in Glu metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The novel, noninvasive 7T 1H MRS-identified associations between Glu levels and ELS may guide future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Guan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
| | - Yan Ding
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunjie Rong
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Lingfeng Lai
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple 76508, Texas United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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7
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Shimada C, Xu R, Al-Alem L, Stasenko M, Spriggs DR, Rueda BR. Galectins and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061421. [PMID: 32486344 PMCID: PMC7352943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its aggressive pathological features, including the capacity to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promoting angiogenesis, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, inhibiting apoptosis, immunosuppression and promoting stem-like features. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins defined by a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, can modulate many of these processes, enabling them to contribute to the pathology of ovarian cancer. Our goal herein was to review specific galectin members identified in the context of ovarian cancer, with emphasis on their association with clinical and pathological features, implied functions, diagnostic or prognostic potential and strategies being developed to disrupt their negative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Stasenko
- Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York City, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David R. Spriggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Kizuka Y. 3D Structure and Function of Glycosyltransferases Involved in N-glycan Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E437. [PMID: 31936666 PMCID: PMC7014118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most ubiquitous post-translational modification in eukaryotes. N-glycan is attached to nascent glycoproteins and is processed and matured by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases during protein transport. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that alternations of the N-glycan structure play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological events including progression of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, the formation of N-glycan branches regulates the functions of target glycoprotein, which are catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnTs) such as GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, and GnT-IX, and a fucosyltransferase, FUT8s. Although the 3D structures of all enzymes have not been solved to date, recent progress in structural analysis of these glycosyltransferases has provided insights into substrate recognition and catalytic reaction mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the biological significance and structure-function relationships of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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9
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Nandam LS, Brazel M, Zhou M, Jhaveri DJ. Cortisol and Major Depressive Disorder-Translating Findings From Humans to Animal Models and Back. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:974. [PMID: 32038323 PMCID: PMC6987444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global problem for which current pharmacotherapies are not completely effective. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has long been associated with MDD; however, the value of assessing cortisol as a biological benchmark of the pathophysiology or treatment of MDD is still debated. In this review, we critically evaluate the relationship between HPA axis dysfunction and cortisol level in relation to MDD subtype, stress, gender and treatment regime, as well as in rodent models. We find that an elevated cortisol response to stress is associated with acute and severe, but not mild or atypical, forms of MDD. Furthermore, the increased incidence of MDD in females is associated with greater cortisol response variability rather than higher baseline levels of cortisol. Despite almost all current MDD treatments influencing cortisol levels, we could find no convincing relationship between cortisol level and therapeutic response in either a clinical or preclinical setting. Thus, we argue that the absolute level of cortisol is unreliable for predicting the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. We propose that future preclinical models should reliably produce exaggerated HPA axis responses to acute or chronic stress a priori, which may, or may not, alter baseline cortisol levels, while also modelling the core symptoms of MDD that can be targeted for reversal. Combining genetic and environmental risk factors in such a model, together with the interrogation of the resultant molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes, promises a new mechanistic understanding of MDD and focused therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sanjay Nandam
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
| | - Matthew Brazel
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mei Zhou
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
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Di Segni M, Andolina D, Ventura R. Long-term effects of early environment on the brain: Lesson from rodent models. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 77:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schmidt M, Lapert F, Brandwein C, Deuschle M, Kasperk C, Grimsley JM, Gass P. Prenatal stress changes courtship vocalizations and bone mineral density in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 75:203-212. [PMID: 27838514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress during the prenatal period has various effects on social and sexual behavior in both human and animal offspring. The present study examines the effects of chronic restraint stress in the second vs third trimester in pregnancy and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) heterozygous mutation on C57BL/6N male offspring's vocal courtship behavior in adulthood by applying a novel analyzing method. Finally, corticosterone and testosterone levels as well as bone mineral density were measured. Prenatal stress in the third, but not in the second trimester caused a significant qualitative change in males' courtship vocalizations, independent of their GR genotype. Bone mineral density was decreased also by prenatal stress exclusively in the third trimester in GR mutant and wildtype mice and - in contrast to corticosterone and testosterone - highly correlated with courtship vocalizations. In Gr+/- males corticosterone serum levels were significantly increased in animals that had experienced prenatal stress in the third trimester. Testosterone serum levels were overall increased in Gr+/- males in comparison to wildtypes as a tendency - whereas prenatal stress had no influence. Prenatal stress alters adult males' courtship vocalizations exclusively when applied in the third trimester, with closely related changes in bone mineral density. Bone mineral density seems to reflect best the complex neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the production of courtship vocalizations. Besides, we demonstrated for the first time elevated basal corticosterone levels in Gr+/- males after prenatal stress which suggests that the Gr+/- mouse model of depression might also serve as a model of prenatal stress in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schmidt
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Florian Lapert
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Deuschle
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Kasperk
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmine M Grimsley
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Peter Gass
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
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