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Calvier L, Alexander A, Marckx AT, Kounnas MZ, Durakoglugil M, Herz J. Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38607022 PMCID: PMC11011630 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays critical roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have revealed non-neuronal functions of plasma Reelin in inflammation by promoting endothelial-leukocyte adhesion through its canonical pathway in endothelial cells (via ApoER2 acting on NF-κB), as well as in vascular tone regulation and thrombosis. In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin antibodies reduces pathological leukocyte infiltration without completely abolishing diapedesis. Finally, long-term Reelin depletion under metabolic stress induced by a Western diet did not negatively impact the heart, kidney, or liver, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings underscore the promising role of peripheral anti-Reelin therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and conditions where endothelial function is compromised, offering a novel approach that may avoid the immunosuppressive side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Austin T. Marckx
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Murat Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Joly-Amado A, Kulkarni N, Nash KR. Reelin Signaling in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1479. [PMID: 37891846 PMCID: PMC10605156 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration during embryonic brain development and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. The role of Reelin in the developing central nervous system has been extensively characterized. Indeed, a loss of Reelin or a disruption in its signaling cascade leads to neurodevelopmental defects and is associated with ataxia, intellectual disability, autism, and several psychiatric disorders. In the adult brain, Reelin is critically involved in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Reelin's signaling potentiates glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, induces synaptic maturation, and increases AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits' expression and activity. As a result, there is a growing literature reporting that a loss of function and/or reduction of Reelin is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The present review summarizes the current state of the literature regarding the implication of Reelin and Reelin-mediated signaling during aging and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting Reelin as a possible target in the prevention or treatment of progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.); (K.R.N.)
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Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Lotfi M, Aljabali AAA, Al-Zoubi MS, Panda PK, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe NB, Serrano-Aroca Á, Bahar B, Takayama K, Goyal R, Bhatia A, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Mishra Y, Negi P, Courtney A, McCarron PA, Bakshi HA, Tambuwala MM. Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:51-65. [PMID: 35249508 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220304153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Shahcheraghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ayatollahi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al-Zoubi
- Yarmouk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Pritam K Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Shri Shakti Degree College, Sankhahari, Ghatampur 209206, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India
| | - Aaron Courtney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid A Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Di Donato N, Guerrini R, Billington CJ, Barkovich AJ, Dinkel P, Freri E, Heide M, Gershon ES, Gertler TS, Hopkin RJ, Jacob S, Keedy SK, Kooshavar D, Lockhart PJ, Lohmann DR, Mahmoud IG, Parrini E, Schrock E, Severi G, Timms AE, Webster RI, Willis MJH, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Leventer RJ, Dobyns WB. Monoallelic and biallelic mutations in RELN underlie a graded series of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain 2022; 145:3274-3287. [PMID: 35769015 PMCID: PMC9989350 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular protein, plays several critical roles in brain development and function. It is encoded by RELN, first identified as the gene disrupted in the reeler mouse, a classic neurological mutant exhibiting ataxia, tremors and a 'reeling' gait. In humans, biallelic variants in RELN have been associated with a recessive lissencephaly variant with cerebellar hypoplasia, which matches well with the homozygous mouse mutant that has abnormal cortical structure, small hippocampi and severe cerebellar hypoplasia. Despite the large size of the gene, only 11 individuals with RELN-related lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia from six families have previously been reported. Heterozygous carriers in these families were briefly reported as unaffected, although putative loss-of-function variants are practically absent in the population (probability of loss of function intolerance = 1). Here we present data on seven individuals from four families with biallelic and 13 individuals from seven families with monoallelic (heterozygous) variants of RELN and frontotemporal or temporal-predominant lissencephaly variant. Some individuals with monoallelic variants have moderate frontotemporal lissencephaly, but with normal cerebellar structure and intellectual disability with severe behavioural dysfunction. However, one adult had abnormal MRI with normal intelligence and neurological profile. Thorough literature analysis supports a causal role for monoallelic RELN variants in four seemingly distinct phenotypes including frontotemporal lissencephaly, epilepsy, autism and probably schizophrenia. Notably, we observed a significantly higher proportion of loss-of-function variants in the biallelic compared to the monoallelic cohort, where the variant spectrum included missense and splice-site variants. We assessed the impact of two canonical splice-site variants observed as biallelic or monoallelic variants in individuals with moderately affected or normal cerebellum and demonstrated exon skipping causing in-frame loss of 46 or 52 amino acids in the central RELN domain. Previously reported functional studies demonstrated severe reduction in overall RELN secretion caused by heterozygous missense variants p.Cys539Arg and p.Arg3207Cys associated with lissencephaly suggesting a dominant-negative effect. We conclude that biallelic variants resulting in complete absence of RELN expression are associated with a consistent and severe phenotype that includes cerebellar hypoplasia. However, reduced expression of RELN remains sufficient to maintain nearly normal cerebellar structure. Monoallelic variants are associated with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity even within the same family and may have dominant-negative effects. Reduced RELN secretion in heterozygous individuals affects only cortical structure whereas the cerebellum remains intact. Our data expand the spectrum of RELN-related neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from lethal brain malformations to adult phenotypes with normal brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Charles J Billington
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philine Dinkel
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Heide
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tracy S Gertler
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniz Kooshavar
- Bruce Lefory Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefory Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Dietmar R Lohmann
- Institut fur Humangenetik, Universitatsklinikum Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Iman G Mahmoud
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Evelin Schrock
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Severi
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Richard I Webster
- T. Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Mary J H Willis
- Uniformed Services University School of Medicine and Naval Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo Governorate 12622, Egypt
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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de Guglielmo G, Iemolo A, Nur A, Turner A, Montilla-Perez P, Martinez A, Crook C, Roberts A, Telese F. Reelin deficiency exacerbates cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion by enhancing neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12828. [PMID: 35906757 PMCID: PMC9744517 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Reln gene encodes for the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin, which regulates several brain functions from development to adulthood, including neuronal migration, dendritic growth and branching and synapse formation and plasticity. Human studies have implicated Reelin signaling in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Mouse studies using the heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice have shown that reduced levels of Reln expression are associated with deficits in learning and memory and increased disinhibition. Although these traits are relevant to substance use disorders, the role of Reelin in cellular and behavioral responses to addictive drugs remains largely unknown. Here, we compared HR mice to wild-type (WT) littermate controls to investigate whether Reelin signaling contributes to the hyperlocomotor and rewarding effects of cocaine. After a single or repeated cocaine injections, HR mice showed enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity compared with WT controls. This effect persisted after withdrawal. In contrast, Reelin deficiency did not induce cocaine sensitization, and did not affect the rewarding effects of cocaine measured in the conditioned place preference assay. The elevated cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in HR mice was associated with increased protein Fos expression in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) compared with WT. Lastly, we performed an RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization experiment and found that Reln was highly co-expressed with the Drd1 gene, which encodes for the dopamine receptor D1, in the DMS. These findings show that Reelin signaling contributes to the locomotor effects of cocaine and improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cellular and behavioral effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Attilio Iemolo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aisha Nur
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Angelica Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Crook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that microglia, which are the resident immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in a diverse array of neurodevelopmental processes required for proper brain maturation and function. This evidence has ultimately led to growing speculation that microglial dysfunction may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) pathoetiology. In this review, we first provide an overview of how microglia mechanistically contribute to the sculpting of the developing brain and neuronal circuits. To provide an example of how disruption of microglial biology impacts NDD development, we also highlight emerging evidence that has linked microglial dysregulation to autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in how the gut microbiome shapes microglial biology. In the last section of this review, we put a spotlight on this burgeoning area of microglial research and discuss how microbiota-dependent modulation of microglial biology is currently thought to influence NDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lukens
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Ali ZA, Yasseen AA, McAllister KA, Al-Dujailli A, Al-Karaqully AJ, Jumaah AS. SNP-PCR genotyping links alterations in the GABAA receptor (GABRG3: rs208129) and RELN (rs73670) genes to autism spectrum disorder among peadiatric Iraqi Arabs. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6019-6028. [PMID: 35403940 PMCID: PMC9270290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasing concern among the Iraqi Arab population. The genetic alterations that cause ASD are likely to converge at the synapse. This study investigated polymorphisms in the GABAA receptor subunit (GABRG3) and the RELN gene as putative biomarkers of ASD in a pediatric population in Iraq. METHODS The case control study included 60 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (mild, moderate, or severe) according to DSM-IV criteria and matched healthy controls (n = 60). Blood samples were collected for DNA genotyping of SNPs rs736707 and rs208129 for RELN and GABRG3 using allele specific PCR. Assessment of genotype and allele distributions in patient groups used odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and the Chi-square test. All statistical analysis was performed used SPSS software. RESULT The patient cohort was highly consanguineous, with increased ratio (p > 0.05) of males to females (3:1) in both ASD (mean age, 6.66 ± 3.05) and controls (mean age, 5.76 ± 2.3). Both GABRG3 rs208129 genotypes TT (OR 4.33, p = 0.0015) and TA (OR 0.259, P = 0.008), and the T and A alleles were significantly associated with ASD. The RELN rs736707 TC genotype (OR 2.626, P = 0.034) was the only significant association with ASD. CONCLUSION GABRG3 SNP rs208129 is a leading biomarker to predict genetic vulnerability to ASD in Iraqi Arabs. Expanded SNP panels and increased sample sizes are required for future GABRG3 studies, and to reach a consensus on RELN utility. Future ASD screening programs in Iraq should include genetic metrics in addition to clinical phenotype assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A. Ali
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala Governorate, Iraq
| | - Akeel A. Yasseen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, P.O. Box 21, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Arafat Al-Dujailli
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, P.O. Box 21, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Alaa S. Jumaah
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, P.O. Box 21, Kufa, Iraq
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Genetics of autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:249. [PMID: 35705542 PMCID: PMC9200752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a large epidemiological and societal impact worldwide. To date, numerous studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants and ASD risk. To provide a robust synthesis of published evidence of candidate gene studies for ASD, we performed an umbrella review (UR) of meta-analyses of genetic studies for ASD (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021221868). We systematically searched eight English and Chinese databases from inception to March 31, 2022. Reviewing of eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two authors. In total, 28 of 5062 retrieved articles were analyzed, which investigated a combined 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nine candidate genes. Overall, 12 significant SNPs of CNTNAP2, MTHFR, OXTR, SLC25A12, and VDR were identified, of which associations with suggestive evidence included the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under allelic, dominant, and heterozygote models) and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under allelic and homozygote models). Associations with weak evidence included the rs2710102 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under allelic, homozygote, and recessive models), the rs7794745 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under dominant and heterozygote models), the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under homozygote model), and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under dominant and recessive models). Our UR summarizes research evidence on the genetics of ASD and provides a broad and detailed overview of risk genes for ASD. The rs2710102 and rs7794745 polymorphisms of CNTNAP2, C677T polymorphism of MTHFR, and rs731236 polymorphism of VDR may confer ASD risks. This study will provide clinicians and healthcare decision-makers with evidence-based information about the most salient candidate genes relevant to ASD and recommendations for future treatment, prevention, and research.
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Mpoulimari I, Zintzaras E. Synthesis of genetic association studies on autism spectrum disorders using a genetic model-free approach. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:91-104. [PMID: 35353796 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the extensive efforts of scientists, the etiology of ASD is far from completely elucidated. In an effort to enlighten the genetic architecture of ASDs, a meta-analysis of all available genetic association studies (GAS) was conducted. METHODS We searched in the Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator (HuGE Navigator) and PubMed for available case-control GAS of ASDs. The threshold for meta-analysis was two studies per genetic variant. The association between genotype distribution and ASDs was examined using the generalized linear odds ratio (ORG). For variants with available allele frequencies, the examined model was the allele contrast. RESULTS Overall, 57 candidate genes and 128 polymorphisms were investigated in 159 articles. In total 28 genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with ASDs, that are harbored in 19 genes. Statistically significant results were revealed for the variants of the following genes adenosine deaminase (ADA), bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (CD157/BST1), Dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), engrailed homolog 2 (EN2), met proto-oncogene (MET), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4), Synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa (SNAP-25) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). In the allele contrast model of cases versus healthy controls, significant associations were observed for Adrenoceptor Alpha 1B (ADRA1B), acetyl serotonin O - methyltransferase (ASMT), complement component 4B (C4B), dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), met proto-oncogene (MET), neuroligin 4, X-linked (NLGN4), neurexin 1 (NRXN1), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase PFTAIRE-1 (PFTK1), Reelin (RELN) and Ras-like without CAAX 2 (RIT2). CONCLUSION These significant findings provide further evidence for genetic factors' implication in ASDs offering new perspectives in means of prevention and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mpoulimari
- Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Medicine, The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yamaguchi R, Matsudaira I, Takeuchi H, Imanishi T, Kimura R, Tomita H, Kawashima R, Taki Y. RELN rs7341475 associates with brain structure in japanese healthy females. Neuroscience 2022; 494:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Scala M, Grasso EA, Di Cara G, Riva A, Striano P, Verrotti A. The Pathophysiological Link Between Reelin and Autism: Overview and New Insights. Front Genet 2022; 13:869002. [PMID: 35422848 PMCID: PMC9002092 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.869002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein playing pivotal roles in neuronal migration and cortical stratification during embryonal brain development. In the adult brain, its activity is crucial for synaptic plasticity, memory processing, and cognition. Genetic alterations in RELN have been variably reported as possible contributors to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, GCCs repeats in the 5′UTR, and single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) in RELN have been suggested to affect brain development and predispose to autism. We reviewed pertinent literature on RELN expression and haplotypes transmission in children with ASD, critically analyzing available evidence in support of the pathophysiological association between Reelin deficiency and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Cara
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Guo J, Riley KW, Durham T, Margolis AE, Wang S, Perera F, Herbstman JB. Association Studies of Environmental Exposures, DNA Methylation and Children’s Cognitive, Behavioral, and Mental Health Problems. Front Genet 2022; 13:871820. [PMID: 35528545 PMCID: PMC9074894 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.871820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prenatal environmental exposures have been associated with children’s cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems, and alterations in DNA methylation have been hypothesized as an underlying biological mechanism. However, when testing this hypothesis, it is often difficult to overcome the problem of multiple comparisons in statistical testing when evaluating a large number of developmental outcomes and DNA methylation sites as potential mediators. The objective of this study is to implement a ‘meet-in-the-middle’ approach with a sequential roadmap to address this concern. Methods: In the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health birth cohort study, we implemented a 5-step sequential process for identifying CpG sites that mediate associations between prenatal environmental exposures and cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). These steps include 1) the identification of biological pathways that are relevant to each outcome of interest; 2) selection of a set of genes and CpGs on genes that are significantly associated with the outcomes; 3) identification of exposures that are significantly associated with selected CpGs; 4) examination of exposure-outcome relationships among those where significant CpGs were identified; and 5) mediation analysis of the selected exposures and corresponding outcomes. In this study, we considered a spectrum of environmental exposure classes including environmental phenols, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants and air pollutants. Results: Among all considered exposures and outcomes, we found one CpG site (cg27510182) on gene (DAB1) that potentially mediates the effect of exposure to PAH on CBCL social problems at children aged 7. Conclusion: This ‘meet-in-the-middle’ approach attenuates concerns regarding multiple comparisons by focusing on genes and pathways that are biologically relevant for the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kylie W. Riley
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa Durham
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shuang Wang
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Julie B. Herbstman,
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13
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New Strategies for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Based on Reelin Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031829. [PMID: 35163751 PMCID: PMC8836358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is mainly produced in Cajal-Retzius cells and controls neuronal migration, which is important for the proper formation of cortical layers in the developmental stage of the brain. In the adult brain, Reelin plays a crucial role in the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic function, and its expression decreases postnatally. Clinical studies showed reductions in Reelin protein and mRNA expression levels in patients with psychiatric disorders; however, the causal relationship remains unclear. Reelin-deficient mice exhibit an abnormal neuronal morphology and behavior, while Reelin supplementation ameliorates learning deficits, synaptic dysfunctions, and spine loss in animal models with Reelin deficiency. These findings suggest that the neuronal deficits and brain dysfunctions associated with the down-regulated expression of Reelin are attenuated by enhancements in its expression and functions in the brain. In this review, we summarize findings on the role of Reelin in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Reelin dysfunctions.
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14
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Genetic risk factors for autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review based on systematic reviews and meta-analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:717-734. [PMID: 34115189 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on recent evidence, more than 200 susceptibility genes have been identified to be associated with autism until now. Correspondingly, cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported for almost every chromosome. While the results of multiple genes associated with risk factors for autism are still incomplete, this paper systematically reviews published meta-analyses and systematic reviews of evidence related to autism occurrence. METHOD Literature search was conducted in the PubMed system, and the publication dates were limited between January 2000 and July 2020. We included a meta-analysis and systematic review that assessed the impact of related gene variants on the development of autism. After screening, this comprehensive literature search identified 31 meta-analyses and ten systematic reviews. We arranged the genes related to autism in the published studies according to the order of the chromosomes, and based on the results of a meta-analysis and systematic review, we selected 6 candidate genes related to ASD, namely MTHFR C677T, SLC25A12, OXTR, RELN, 5-HTTLPR, SHANK, including basic features and functions. In addition to these typical genes, we have also listed candidate genes that may exist on almost every chromosome that are related to autism. RESULTS We found that the results of several literature reviews included in this study showed that the MTHFR C667T variant was a risk factor for the occurrence of ASD, and the results were consistent. The results of studies on SLC25A12 variation (rs2056202 and rs2292813) and ASD risk were inconsistent but statistically significant. No association of 5-HTTLPR was found with autism, but when subgroup analysis was performed according to ethnicity, the association was statistically significant. RELN variants (rs362691 and rs736707) were consistent with ASD risk studies, but some of the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This review summarized the well-known ASD candidate genes and listed some new genes that need further study in larger sample sets to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of ASD, but sample size and heterogeneity remain major limiting factors in some genome-wide association studies. We also found that common genetic variants in some genes may be co-risk factors for autism or other neuropsychiatric disorders when we collated these results. It is worth considering screening for these mutations in clinical applications.
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15
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Nalvarte I, Varshney M, Inzunza J, Gustafsson JÅ. Estrogen receptor beta and neural development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:313-326. [PMID: 33752823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The female sex hormone estradiol (E2, 17β-estradiol) has important functions in the developing brain. In addition to regulating sexual differentiation of the brain, E2 participates in the development of brain areas involved in functions unrelated to reproduction, such as cognition. E2 signals mainly thorough two estrogen receptors; estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). While ERα has distinct functions for sexual imprinting of the developing brain, ERβ is considered to participate in the development of brain areas related to cognitive function. In this chapter we will focus on ERβ's role during neural development. We will discuss the contributions of sex chromosomal and sex hormonal effects in this process and place it in relation to recent data on ERβ obtained from stem cell models. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learned from mouse and stem cell models in understanding ERβ's role in neural development and how new stem cell models, by addressing the human relevance, may help to advance our progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Genetic predictors of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low-birthweight infants. J Perinatol 2021; 41:286-294. [PMID: 32978526 PMCID: PMC7889697 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test associations between grades 3 or 4 (severe) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and organ development in an exploratory study. STUDY DESIGN Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants enrolled in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's (NRN) Cytokines Study were included if they had cranial ultrasound (CUS) and genotyping data available in the NRN Anonymized DNA Repository and Database. Associations between SNPs and IVH severity were tested with multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULT One hundred thirty-nine infants with severe IVH and 687 infants with grade 1 or 0 IVH were included. One thousand two hundred seventy-nine SNPs were genotyped. Thirteen were preliminarily associated with severe IVH including five related to central nervous system (CNS) neuronal and neurovascular development. CONCLUSION Genetic variants for CNS neuronal and neurovascular development may be associated with severe IVH in premature infants.
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17
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Combined cellomics and proteomics analysis reveals shared neuronal morphology and molecular pathway phenotypes for multiple schizophrenia risk genes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:784-799. [PMID: 31142819 PMCID: PMC7910218 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An enigma in studies of neuropsychiatric disorders is how to translate polygenic risk into disease biology. For schizophrenia, where > 145 significant GWAS loci have been identified and only a few genes directly implicated, addressing this issue is a particular challenge. We used a combined cellomics and proteomics approach to show that polygenic risk can be disentangled by searching for shared neuronal morphology and cellular pathway phenotypes of candidate schizophrenia risk genes. We first performed an automated high-content cellular screen to characterize neuronal morphology phenotypes of 41 candidate schizophrenia risk genes. The transcription factors Tcf4 and Tbr1 and the RNA topoisomerase Top3b shared a neuronal phenotype marked by an early and progressive reduction in synapse numbers upon knockdown in mouse primary neuronal cultures. Proteomics analysis subsequently showed that these three genes converge onto the syntaxin-mediated neurotransmitter release pathway, which was previously implicated in schizophrenia, but for which genetic evidence was weak. We show that dysregulation of multiple proteins in this pathway may be due to the combined effects of schizophrenia risk genes Tcf4, Tbr1, and Top3b. Together, our data provide new biological functions for schizophrenia risk genes and support the idea that polygenic risk is the result of multiple small impacts on common neuronal signaling pathways.
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18
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Nawa Y, Kimura H, Mori D, Kato H, Toyama M, Furuta S, Yu Y, Ishizuka K, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Arioka Y, Morikawa M, Okada T, Inada T, Kaibuchi K, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Suzuki M, Okahisa Y, Egawa J, Someya T, Nishimura F, Sasaki T, Ozaki N. Rare single-nucleotide DAB1 variants and their contribution to Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder susceptibility. Hum Genome Var 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 33298905 PMCID: PMC7655853 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-020-00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabled 1 (DAB1) is an intracellular adaptor protein in the Reelin signaling pathway and plays an essential role in correct neuronal migration and layer formation in the developing brain. DAB1 has been repeatedly reported to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in genetic, animal, and postmortem studies. Recently, increasing attention has been given to rare single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) found by deep sequencing of candidate genes. In this study, we performed exon-targeted resequencing of DAB1 in 370 SCZ and 192 ASD patients using next-generation sequencing technology to identify rare SNVs with a minor allele frequency <1%. We detected two rare missense mutations (G382C, V129I) and then performed a genetic association study in a sample comprising 1763 SCZ, 380 ASD, and 2190 healthy control subjects. Although no statistically significant association with the detected mutations was observed for either SCZ or ASD, G382C was found only in the case group, and in silico analyses and in vitro functional assays suggested that G382C alters the function of the DAB1 protein. The rare variants of DAB1 found in the present study should be studied further to elucidate their potential functional relevance to the pathophysiology of SCZ and ASD. A rare mutation could affect nerve development in the brain, potentially increasing susceptibility to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Hiroki Kimura of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and colleagues in Japan screened the protein-coding parts of the gene DAB1 in people with schizophrenia or autism for rare nucleotide variations. DAB1 is important for neurodevelopment and synaptic function, and has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Their investigations revealed a mutation that can change the structure and stability of the protein coded by DAB1, potentially increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. The mutation was found in people with schizophrenia and autism, but not in healthy controls. Further research with larger patient samples and investigations on mice engineered to include the mutation could clarify its impact on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Furuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yanjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumichika Nishimura
- Office for Mental Health Support, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Genetic Variation and Autism: A Field Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100692. [PMID: 33007889 PMCID: PMC7600188 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify noteworthy findings between genetic risk factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by employing the false positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP). PubMed and the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) catalog were searched from inception to 1 August, 2019. We included meta-analyses on genetic factors of ASD of any study design. Overall, twenty-seven meta-analyses articles from literature searches, and four manually added articles from the GWAS catalog were re-analyzed. This showed that five of 31 comparisons for meta-analyses of observational studies, 40 out of 203 comparisons for the GWAS meta-analyses, and 18 out of 20 comparisons for the GWAS catalog, respectively, had noteworthy estimations under both Bayesian approaches. In this study, we found noteworthy genetic comparisons highly related to an increased risk of ASD. Multiple genetic comparisons were shown to be associated with ASD risk; however, genuine associations should be carefully verified and understood.
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20
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Association Between REELIN Gene Polymorphisms (rs7341475 and rs262355) and Risk of Schizophrenia: an Updated Meta-analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:675-690. [PMID: 32889693 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a destructive neuropsychiatric illness affecting millions of people worldwide. The correlation between RELN gene polymorphisms and SCZ was investigated by previous researches, though the results remained conflicting. Based on the available studies, we conducted this meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive outcome on whether the RELN gene polymorphisms (rs7341475 and rs262355) are associated with SCZ. A total of 15 studies with 25,403 subjects (9047 cases and 16,356 controls) retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Wiley, BMC, Cochrane, Springer, MDPI, SAGE, and Google Scholar up to June 2020 were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. The heterogeneity was checked using I2 statistics and Q-test, whereas publication bias was also measured. The rs7341475 polymorphism showed a significantly lower risk for SCZ for the allele (A vs. G: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.87-0.99), codominant 1 (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.85-0.99), dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.86-0.98), and over dominant model (AG vs. AA+GG: OR = 0.92, 95%Cl = 0.86-0.99). The allele, codominant model 1, and dominant models remained statistically significant after the correction of the Bonferroni (p < 0.025). Subgroup analysis confirmed the association of allele and dominant models in the Caucasian after Bonferroni correction. For rs262355 polymorphism, a significantly increased risk of SCZ was found only in Caucasians for codominant 2, dominant, and allele models, but significance exists only for the allele model after Bonferroni correction. Publication bias was found in the case of codominant 2 and recessive models for rs7341475 in the overall population, but this publication was not found after performing the Bonferroni correction or after performing the subgroup analysis. No such publication was found for rs262355. The results suggest that RELN rs7341475 is associated with a lower risk of SCZ in the overall population and Caucasian population, but rs262355 is associated with an increased risk of SCZ only in the Caucasian population.
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21
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Abo El Fotoh WMM, Bayomy NR, Kasemy ZA, Barain AM, Shalaby BM, Abd el naby SA. Genetic Variants and Haplotypes of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 and Reelin Genes May Be Linked with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Egyptian Children. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2094-2103. [PMID: 32530273 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been proposed to stem from multiple etiologies, perhaps genetic in nature with biological and psychosocial motivates. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and Reelin (RELN) genes may play a key role in triggering ADHD. The purpose of this case-controlled study was to explore the linkage of the genetic variants of TPH2 and RELN genes with ADHD. One hundred Egyptian children with ADHD and 105 age and sex matched controls constituted the study samples. Genotyping was performed for TPH2 (rs11179027; rs1843809) and RELN (rs736707; rs362691) gene polymorphisms using real time PCR assay. The alleles and genotype frequencies of TPH2 and RELN gene polymorphisms were assessed in all study participants. The frequencies of the alleles of TPH2 rs11179027 (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.08-2.85, p = 0.022), TPH2 rs1843809 (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.82-7.43, p = <0.001), and RELN rs736707 (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.03-2.51, p = 0.035) were significantly associated with ADHD, while there was no significant difference between ADHD patients and controls regarding the frequency of RELN rs362691 (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.73-2.48, p = 0.34). The frequencies of CTAG, CTGG, CTAC, CTGC, and GTAC haplotypes were significantly higher in ADHD patients than in controls (p = 0.011, 0.005, 0.015, 0.001, and 0.027, respectively). In conclusion, TPH2 rs11179027, TPH2 rs1843809, and RELN rs736707 gene alleles and haplotypes might be significantly correlated with the genetic susceptibility to ADHD in Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Rabie Bayomy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 0020, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A. Kasemy
- Public Health, and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 0020, Egypt
| | | | - Basma Mofed Shalaby
- Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, The Ministry of Health, Shebin El-Kom 0020, Egypt
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22
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Association between RELN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in a Han population from Northeast China. Psychiatr Genet 2019; 29:232-236. [PMID: 31469785 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between the RELN gene and schizophrenia in the overall sample and samples stratified by sex in a northeastern Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1536 participants from Jilin Province, China, were recruited in this case-control study. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1062831, rs3808039, rs362746, and rs736707) in the RELN gene were genotyped. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to detect associations between the genotypes of each single nucleotide polymorphism and schizophrenia. P values of no more than 0.003125 [0.05/(4 SNPs*4 different genetic models)] after Bonferroni correction were considered statistically significant. RESULTS All single-nucleotide polymorphisms conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that after Bonferroni correction, rs362746 was associated with schizophrenia under the recessive model (P = 0.001) and codominant model (P = 0.003) in the overall group. The association between schizophrenia and RELN single-nucleotide polymorphisms was not found in a sex-specific pattern after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION Our study provides and supports the evidence that RELN is a candidate gene for schizophrenia. Replication studies conducted in different populations are required, and the sex-specific association of this gene with schizophrenia warrants further exploration.
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Female gender specific association of the Reelin (RELN) gene rs7341475 variant with schizophrenia. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3411-3416. [PMID: 30980267 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RELN gene encodes a large extracellular matrix protein which is critical for neuronal migration, cell positioning and cell-cell interactions. It also controls the synaptic plasticity of neurons for initiation and maintenance of long term potentiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of RELN rs7341475 variant with schizophrenia. Genomic DNA isolation was performed from 105 schizophrenic patients and 137 healthy controls to determine RELN rs7341475 genotypes. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method developed in our laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 test. The frequencies for G allele were 79.5% in cases and 81.0% in controls, for A allele 20.5% in cases and 19.0% in controls in the overall population. The genotype frequencies of the RELN gene rs7341475 variant were GG; 63.8%, GA; 31.4% and AA; 4.8% in cases, GG; 63.5%, GA; 35.0% and AA; 1.5% in controls in the overall population. There was no statistically significant association between the rs7341475 variant of RELN gene and schizophrenia in the overall population (χ2 = 2.473, p = 0.290). In the gender specific analysis, female gender specific association was only found. The RELN rs7341475 variant GG genotype was significantly associated with schizophrenia (p = 0.034, OR 2.760, 95% CI 1.058-7.197) and A allele was protective against schizophrenia (p = 0.034, OR 0.362, 95% CI 0.139-0.945). All cases and controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Population size can be increased to improve the statistical power. Moreover, other RELN gene variants which are especially involved in neuronal migration and epigenetic regulation may be analyzed for revealing the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia. In conclusion, there was only association between the RELN rs7341475 variant and schizophrenia in the female gender in a Turkish population.
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Han S, Miller JE, Byun S, Kim D, Risacher SL, Saykin AJ, Lee Y, Nho K. Identification of exon skipping events associated with Alzheimer's disease in the human hippocampus. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:13. [PMID: 30704480 PMCID: PMC6357347 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At least 90% of human genes are alternatively spliced. Alternative splicing has an important function regulating gene expression and miss-splicing can contribute to risk for human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We developed a splicing decision model as a molecular mechanism to identify functional exon skipping events and genetic variation affecting alternative splicing on a genome-wide scale by integrating genomics, transcriptomics, and neuroimaging data in a systems biology approach. In this study, we analyzed RNA-Seq data of hippocampus brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 24) and cognitively normal elderly controls (CN; n = 50) and identified three exon skipping events in two genes (RELN and NOS1) as significantly associated with AD (corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5). Next, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting exon skipping events using the splicing decision model and then performed an association analysis of SNPs potentially affecting three exon skipping events with a global cortical measure of amyloid-β deposition measured by [18F] Florbetapir position emission tomography (PET) scan as an AD-related quantitative phenotype. A whole-brain voxel-based analysis was also performed. RESULTS Two exons in RELN and one exon in NOS1 showed significantly lower expression levels in the AD participants compared to CN participants, suggesting that the exons tend to be skipped more in AD. We also showed the loss of the core protein structure due to the skipped exons using the protein 3D structure analysis. The targeted SNP-based association analysis identified one intronic SNP (rs362771) adjacent to the skipped exon 24 in RELN as significantly associated with cortical amyloid-β levels (corrected p-value < 0.05). This SNP is within the splicing regulatory element, i.e., intronic splicing enhancer. The minor allele of rs362771 conferred decreases in cortical amyloid-β levels in the right temporal and bilateral parietal lobes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that exon skipping events and splicing-affecting SNPs in the human hippocampus may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Integration of multiple omics and neuroimaging data provides insights into possible mechanisms underlying AD pathophysiology through exon skipping and may help identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Jason E. Miller
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Seyoun Byun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Zhang-James Y, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Hess JL, Malki K, Glatt SJ, Cormand B, Faraone SV. An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1655-1667. [PMID: 29858598 PMCID: PMC6274606 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptome analyses of animal models, and candidate gene studies have advanced our understanding of the genetic architecture of aggressive behaviors. However, each of these methods presents unique limitations. To generate a more confident and comprehensive view of the complex genetics underlying aggression, we undertook an integrated, cross-species approach. We focused on human and rodent models to derive eight gene lists from three main categories of genetic evidence: two sets of genes identified in GWAS studies, four sets implicated by transcriptome-wide studies of rodent models, and two sets of genes with causal evidence from online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM) and knockout (KO) mice reports. These gene sets were evaluated for overlap and pathway enrichment to extract their similarities and differences. We identified enriched common pathways such as the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, axon guidance, reelin signaling in neurons, and ERK/MAPK signaling. Also, individual genes were ranked based on their cumulative weights to quantify their importance as risk factors for aggressive behavior, which resulted in 40 top-ranked and highly interconnected genes. The results of our cross-species and integrated approach provide insights into the genetic etiology of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- 0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ,0000 0004 1791 1185grid.452372.5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain ,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jonathan L Hess
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA
| | - Karim Malki
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cKing’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA
| | - Bru Cormand
- 0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ,0000 0004 1791 1185grid.452372.5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain ,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bK.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Alfimova MV, Kondratyev NV, Golov AK, Golubev SA, Galaktionova DY, Nasedkina TV, Golimbet VE. [Relationships of rs7341475 polymorphism and DNA methylation in the reelin gene with schizophrenia symptoms]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:71-76. [PMID: 30335076 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811809171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of polymorphism rs7341475 and methylation of the reelin gene in symptoms of schizophrenia and semantic verbal fluency. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genotypes at the locus rs7341475 were identified in 556 patients with schizophrenic disorders. PANSS scores were obtained for 549 patients and 221 patients performed a test for semantic verbal fluency. The association of the reelin promoter methylation with the PANSS and verbal fluency measures was evaluated in 35 patients. A five-factor model of the PANSS was used. RESULTS The interaction effect of sex with genotype on the PANSS scores was found (F=2.70, p=0.020). Schizophrenic men homozygous for a common allele G had the lowest scores of the positive syndrome. Verbal fluency was related to the reelin promoter methylation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that polymorphism rs7341475 may be associated with the variability of positive symptomatology in schizophrenic men. At the same time, the reelin gene methylation pattern, which consists of a higher methylation level in the region of the transcription start site and a lower one in the distal region of the promoter, may be beneficial for verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A K Golov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Golubev
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Yu Galaktionova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Nasedkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Brietzke E, Trevizol AP, Fries GR, Subramaniapillai M, Kapczinski F, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB. The impact of body mass index in gene expression of reelin pathway mediators in individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders: A post-mortem study. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:186-191. [PMID: 29680575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the expression of genes involved in the reelin pathway, in the post-mortem brain of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and mood disorders (MD) with a healthy control (HC) group; and to investigate the role f body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator. The "Gene Expression in Postmortem dlPFC and Hippocampus from Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders" study holds microarray data on individuals with SZ, MD and HCs (from whom 849 specimens are from the dlPFC and 579 from the hippocampus). mRNA data was obtained using HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChip arrays (Illumina). Multivariate analysis of covariance were used to investigate the main effects of group and relevant covariates on RELNm, NOTCH1, GRIN1m, GRIN3A, CAMK2Gm, CAMK2A, CAMK2Bm, CAMK2N2, GRIN2Bm, GRIN2A, CREBBPm, APOE, LDLR and DAB1 gene expression. In the dlPFC, individuals with SZ had higher expression, relative to HCs, of APOE. Individuals with MD had higher expression, relative to HCs, of CAMK2A, CAMK2N2, and GRIN2Bm. Moreover, individuals with MD had higher expression, relative to SZ patients, of CAMK2N2. There were significant group by BMI effects for expression of RELN, CAMK2A, CAMK2N2, and GRIN2A. In the hippocampus, individuals with MD had lower expression, relative to HCs, of APOE. The results of this study suggest that the expression of genes related to the reelin pathway could be different between individuals with SZ and MD and healthy controls, with a greater vulnerability associated with greater BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alisson P Trevizol
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Mcmaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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28
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Kara B, Sahin N, Kara M, Sakalli Cetin E, Topal H. The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reelin gene polymorphisms in Turkish population. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1478192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nilfer Sahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Esin Sakalli Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Hatice Topal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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29
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Wang GF, Ye S, Gao L, Han Y, Guo X, Dong XP, Su YY, Zhang X. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the RELN gene and symptom-based and developmental deficits among children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders in the Tianjin, China. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:1-5. [PMID: 29753726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that genetic variants in Reelin (RELN) gene, especially single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), correlate with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) risk; however, no consensus have been reached. This study aimed to provide additional evidence for the association between two SNPs of RELN (i.e., rs736707, rs2229864) and ASD risk, as well as the relationship between RELN gene and symptom-based and developmental deficits of ASD patients in Chinese Han children and adolescents. 157 ASD subjects and 256 typical development (TD) controls were genotyped by TaqMan® genotyping assay. ASD patients were assessed by Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), and Early Childhood Development Questionnaire (ECDQ). We found that SNP rs2229864 was associated with the genetic predisposition of ASD, whereas a negative association between SNP rs2229864 and symptom-based and developmental features was detected. In contrast, RELN rs736707 correlated with the sensory subscale of the ABC, the relating subscale of the ABC and the total score of ABC, although we did not detect a significant association between SNP rs736707 and ASD risk. Furthermore, a significant rs736707-rs2229864 haplotype was detected. Individuals with a CC haplotype were more likely to have ASD, but individuals with a CT haplotype had more chance be TD controls. Further studies using more samples and including more gene variants in RELN are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Fu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Dong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China.
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30
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Hornix BE, Havekes R, Kas MJH. Multisensory cortical processing and dysfunction across the neuropsychiatric spectrum. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 97:138-151. [PMID: 29496479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing is affected in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Genetic and environmental factors guide the formation and fine-tuning of brain circuitry necessary to receive, organize, and respond to sensory input in order to behave in a meaningful and consistent manner. During certain developmental stages the brain is sensitive to intrinsic and external factors. For example, disturbed expression levels of certain risk genes during critical neurodevelopmental periods may lead to exaggerated brain plasticity processes within the sensory circuits, and sensory stimulation immediately after birth contributes to fine-tuning of these circuits. Here, the neurodevelopmental trajectory of sensory circuit development will be described and related to some example risk gene mutations that are found in neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, the flow of sensory information through these circuits and the relationship to synaptic plasticity will be described. Research focusing on the combined analyses of neural circuit development and functioning are necessary to expand our understanding of sensory processing and behavioral deficits that are relevant across the neuropsychiatric spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty E Hornix
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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