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Oguz OC, Aydin B, Urgen BA. Biological motion perception in the theoretical framework of perceptual decision-making: An event-related potential study. Vision Res 2024; 218:108380. [PMID: 38479050 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Biological motion perception plays a critical role in various decisions in daily life. Failure to decide accordingly in such a perceptual task could have life-threatening consequences. Neurophysiology and computational modeling studies suggest two processes mediating perceptual decision-making. One of these signals is associated with the accumulation of sensory evidence and the other with response selection. Recent EEG studies with humans have introduced an event-related potential called Centroparietal Positive Potential (CPP) as a neural marker aligned with the sensory evidence accumulation while effectively distinguishing it from motor-related lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The present study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms of biological motion perception in the framework of perceptual decision-making, which has been overlooked before. More specifically, we examine whether CPP would track the coherence of the biological motion stimuli and could be distinguished from the LRP signal. We recorded EEG from human participants while they performed a direction discrimination task of a point-light walker stimulus embedded in various levels of noise. Our behavioral findings revealed shorter reaction times and reduced miss rates as the coherence of the stimuli increased. In addition, CPP tracked the coherence of the biological motion stimuli with a tendency to reach a common level during the response, albeit with a later onset than the previously reported results in random-dot motion paradigms. Furthermore, CPP was distinguished from the LRP signal based on its temporal profile. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying perceptual decision-making generalize to more complex and socially significant stimuli like biological motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Cagri Oguz
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Berfin Aydin
- Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Burcu A Urgen
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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2
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Ko YH, Zhou A, Niessen E, Stahl J, Weiss PH, Hester R, Bode S, Feuerriegel D. Neural correlates of confidence during decision formation in a perceptual judgment task. Cortex 2024; 173:248-262. [PMID: 38432176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
When we make a decision, we also estimate the probability that our choice is correct or accurate. This probability estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent work has reported event-related potential (ERP) correlates of confidence both during decision formation (the centro-parietal positivity component; CPP) and after a decision has been made (the error positivity component; Pe). However, there are several measurement confounds that complicate the interpretation of these findings. More recent studies that overcome these issues have so far produced conflicting results. To better characterise the ERP correlates of confidence we presented participants with a comparative brightness judgment task while recording electroencephalography. Participants judged which of two flickering squares (varying in luminance over time) was brighter on average. Participants then gave confidence ratings ranging from "surely incorrect" to "surely correct". To elicit a range of confidence ratings we manipulated both the mean luminance difference between the brighter and darker squares (relative evidence) and the overall luminance of both squares (absolute evidence). We found larger CPP amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This association was not simply a by-product of differences in relative evidence (which covaries with confidence) across trials. We did not identify postdecisional ERP correlates of confidence, except when they were artificially produced by pre-response ERP baselines. These results provide further evidence for neural correlates of processes that inform confidence judgments during decision formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Hong Ko
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Andong Zhou
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eva Niessen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Zhao Y, He J, Liu X, Yi C, Sun L, Zhu H. Construction and validation of a novel tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand mutant MuR5S4-TR. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024; 20:210-219. [PMID: 36658682 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can selectively kill tumor cells but has no significant effect on normal cells. However, the use of TRAIL is limited for resistance by more than 50% of the tumor cell lines. It's very important to develop a more efficient form of TRAIL for cancer treatment. METHODS The N-terminal in soluble fragments (114-281aa) of TRAIL was redesigned to construct a novel TRAIL mutant-MuR5S4-TR. The Cell Counting Kit-8 method to explore the antitumor effects. The potential mechanisms were also explored. RESULTS Novel TRAIL mutant with cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) like and Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) like structure-MuR5S4-TR was successfully constructed. The prokaryotic expression system was successfully built, and the MuR5S4-TR was purified and reconfirmed by western blot. MuR5S4-TR could enhance the antitumor effects of TRAIL in most of the cancer cell lines significantly, NCI-H460 lung cancer cell line, for instance. After MuR5S4-TR treatment, the expressions of death receptor 4 (DR4), DR5, Caspase-8, and cleaved Caspase-3 were remarkably increased, however, there was no significant difference in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis expression. CONCLUSION We constructed a novel TRAIL mutant with CPP-like and Smac-like structure-MuR5S4-TR. The MuR5S4-TR showed significantly stronger antitumor effects than TRAIL in many tumor cell lines. The MuR5S4-TR showed strong antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. This preliminary study implies that MuR5S4-TR may be a more efficient form of TRAIL for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Osteoporosis, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen Y, Huang X, Tian L. Meta-analysis of machine learning models for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty based on clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1353023. [PMID: 38590824 PMCID: PMC11001252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a common endocrine disorder in children, and its diagnosis primarily relies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test, which is expensive and time-consuming. With the widespread application of artificial intelligence in medicine, some studies have utilized clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based machine learning (ML) models to identify CPP. However, the results of these studies varied widely and were challenging to directly compare, mainly due to diverse ML methods. Therefore, the diagnostic value of clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based ML models for CPP remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ML models based on clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data for CPP through a meta-analysis of existing studies. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant English articles on clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based ML models for diagnosing CPP, covering the period from the database creation date to December 2023. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based ML models for diagnosing CPP. The I2 test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity, and the source of heterogeneity was investigated through meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test. Results Six studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.90), respectively. The LR+ was 6.00, and the LR- was 0.21, indicating that clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based ML models exhibited an excellent ability to confirm or exclude CPP. Additionally, the SROC curve showed that the AUC of the clinical, hormonal (laboratory) and imaging data-based ML models in the diagnosis of CPP was 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.92), demonstrating good diagnostic value for CPP. Conclusion Based on the outcomes of our meta-analysis, clinical and imaging data-based ML models are excellent diagnostic tools with high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC in the diagnosis of CPP. Despite the geographical limitations of the study findings, future research endeavors will strive to address these issues to enhance their applicability and reliability, providing more precise guidance for the differentiation and treatment of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Baggio DF, da Luz FMR, Zortea JM, Lejeune VBP, Chichorro JG. Sex differences in carbamazepine effects in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176386. [PMID: 38311280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) represents the first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia, a condition of facial pain that affects mainly women. The chronic constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) is a widely used model to study this condition, but most studies do not include females. Thus, this study aimed to characterize sensory and affective changes in female rats after CCI-ION and compare the effect of CBZ in both sexes. Mechanical allodynia was assessed 15 days after CCI-ION surgery in rats treated with CBZ (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle, together with the open-field test. Independent groups were tested on the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) analysis. Blood samples were collected for dosage of the main CBZ metabolite. CBZ at 30 mg/kg impaired locomotion of CCI-ION male and sham and CCI-ION female rats and resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations of 10-11-EPX-CBZ in the latter. Only male CCI-ION rats showed increased facial grooming which was significantly reduced by CBZ at 10 mg/kg. CBZ at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and induced CPP only in female CCI-ION rats. Also, female CCI-ION showed reduced emission of appetitive USV but did not show anxiety-like behavior. In conclusion, male and female CCI-ION rats presented differences in the expression of the affective-motivational pain component and CBZ was more effective in females than males. Further studies using both sexes in trigeminal neuropathic pain models are warranted for a better understanding of potential differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms and efficacy of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Maria Zortea
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Zhu TT, Wu J, Sun XM. A patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with central precocious puberty: a case report. Endocrine 2024; 83:353-356. [PMID: 37845577 PMCID: PMC10850194 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by the variations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (ABCD1) gene. This study is the first to report central precocious puberty (CPP) in individuals with X-ALD. A 6-year-old boy exhibited mucocutaneous pigmentation, increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and elevated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). We identified a variant, c.1826A>G (p. Glu609Gly), in exon 8 of the ABCD1 gene in the proband. Additionally, he displayed rapid growth, testicular volume of 5-6 mL, the onset of pubic hair, and pubertal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), all meeting the diagnostic criteria for CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Mei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Chen Y, Wu J, Zhai L, Zhang T, Yin H, Gao H, Zhao F, Wang Z, Yang X, Jin M, Huang B, Ding X, Li R, Yang J, He Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Kloeber JA, Li Y, Hao B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Tan M, Li K, Wang P, Lou Z, Yuan J. Metabolic regulation of homologous recombination repair by MRE11 lactylation. Cell 2024; 187:294-311.e21. [PMID: 38128537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lactylation is a lactate-induced post-translational modification best known for its roles in epigenetic regulation. Herein, we demonstrate that MRE11, a crucial homologous recombination (HR) protein, is lactylated at K673 by the CBP acetyltransferase in response to DNA damage and dependent on ATM phosphorylation of the latter. MRE11 lactylation promotes its binding to DNA, facilitating DNA end resection and HR. Inhibition of CBP or LDH downregulated MRE11 lactylation, impaired HR, and enhanced chemosensitivity of tumor cells in patient-derived xenograft and organoid models. A cell-penetrating peptide that specifically blocks MRE11 lactylation inhibited HR and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin and PARPi. These findings unveil lactylation as a key regulator of HR, providing fresh insights into the ways in which cellular metabolism is linked to DSB repair. They also imply that the Warburg effect can confer chemoresistance through enhancing HR and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting MRE11 lactylation to mitigate the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422001, China
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingpeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bingsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunxuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bingbing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Robertson CS, Martinez FS, McQuillan LE, Williamson J, Lamb DG, Wang KKW, Rubenstein R, Wagner AK. Serial Measurements of Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Potential Utility in Providing Insights into Secondary Insults and Long-Term Outcome. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:73-90. [PMID: 37489296 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), serum biomarkers may have utility in assessing the evolution of secondary brain injury. A panel of nine brain-injury- associated biomarkers was measured in archived serum samples over 10 days post-injury from 100 patients with moderate-severe TBI. Among the biomarkers evaluated, serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) had the strongest associations with summary measures of acute pathophysiology, including intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and brain tissue pO2 (PbtO2). Group based trajectory (TRAJ) analysis was used to identify three distinct GFAP subgroups. The low TRAJ group (n = 23) had peak levels of 9.4 + 1.2 ng/mL that declined rapidly. The middle TRAJ group (n = 48) had higher peak values (31.5 + 5.0 ng/mL) and a slower decline over time. The high TRAJ group (n = 26) had very high, sustained peak values (59.6 + 12.5 ng/mL) that even rose among some patients over 10 days. Patients in the high TRAJ group had significantly higher mortality rate than patients in low and middle TRAJ groups (26.9% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.028). The frequency of poor neurological outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score Extended [GOS-E] 1-4) was 88.5% in the high TRAJ group, 54.2% in the middle TRAJ group, and 30.4% in the low TRAJ group (p < 0.001). ICP was highest in the high TRAJ group (median 17.6 mm Hg), compared with 14.4 mmHg in the low and 15.9 mm Hg in middle TRAJ groups (p = 0.002). High TRAJ patients spent the longest time with ICP >25 mm Hg, median 23 h, compared with 2 and 6 h in the low and middle TRAJ groups (p = 0.006), and the longest time with ICP >30 mm Hg, median 5 h, compared with 0 and 1 h in the low and middle TRAJ groups, respectively (p = 0.013). High TRAJ group patients more commonly required tier 2 or 3 treatment to control ICP. The high TRAJ group had the longest duration when CPP was <50 mm Hg (p = 0.007), and PbtO2 was <10 mm Hg (p = 0.002). Logistical regression was used to study the relationship between temporal serum GFAP patterns and 6-month GOS-E. Here, the low and middle TRAJ groups were combined to form a low-risk group, and the high TRAJ group was designated the high-risk group. High TRAJ group patients had a greater chance of a poor 6-month GOS-E (p < 0.0001). When adjusting for baseline injury characteristics, GFAP TRAJ group membership remained associated with GOS-E (p = 0.003). When an intensive care unit (ICU) injury burden score, developed to quantify physiological derangements, was added to the model, GFAP TRAJ group membership remained associated with GOS-E (p = 0.014). Mediation analysis suggested that ICU burden scores were in the causal pathway between TRAJ group and 6-month mortality or GOS-E. Our results suggest that GFAP may be useful to monitor serially in moderate-severe TBI patients. Future studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leah E McQuillan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Williamson
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Damon G Lamb
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Solberg M, Berg GV, Andreassen HK. Lost in the loop - a qualitative study on patient experiences of care in standardized cancer patient pathways. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1371. [PMID: 38062413 PMCID: PMC10702039 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Norwegian health authorities introduced standardized cancer patient pathways (CPPs) in 2015, aiming to reduce practice variations across hospitals and regions, and improve the continuity, coordination and overall quality of the health care service provided to cancer patients. There has been few studies investigating this change, and that have looked into the organisational and economic benefits of standardized pathways, however the element of care and the patient perspective has been especially neglected. This study explored the care element in cancer patient pathways through an in-depth study of patient experiences. METHODS The patients were enrolled approximately three years after the introduction of standardized CPPs in Norway. Through a qualitative design with in-depth interviews, a total of 21 interviews were conducted with seven patients between 2018 and 2020. The first interview took place after the diagnosis was established and before treatment, the second interview during treatment, and the final interview approximately one year after the completion of active treatment. The empirical catchment area was eastern Norway. Data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis. RESULTS This study sheds light on the complex challenges patients' faces, while navigating CPPs, including the need for better transition support, improved coordination and continuity in care, and a more holistic approach that encompasses emotional well-being and family support. Three overarching themes were identified: [1] Navigating CPPs: patient care and transition challenges, [2] Fragmented cancer care: challenges in coordination and continuity [3] Unmet needs and overlooked opportunities in CPPs. CONCLUSIONS Patients experience that cancer patient pathways offer good medical treatment, but that the care element deserves more attention. Current CPPs are trapped in a logic of choice, preventing room for the element of care to receive the attention it requires for the patient to truly experience holistic person-centred care and continuous, well-coordinated services. Based in our study we argue there is a need to look into the missed opportunities for using the CPPs as points of departure for more holistic collaborative models for cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Solberg
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway, Brumunddal and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway.
| | | | - Hege Kristin Andreassen
- UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
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Wang L, Liu YL, He D, Chen SH, Li QJ, Zhao YL, Wang MS. The effect of the CPP size on the nonlinear optical properties of the new necklace-type molecules formed by carborane and [n]Cycloparaphenylenes(n = 8-11). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123108. [PMID: 37423097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The new necklace-type molecules were formed by [8-13]CPP and carborane, which further manipulated the size of the macroring, revealing the effect of size on its luminescence behavior. In this work, the effects of ring size on the absorption spectrum, electron excitation and nonlinear optical properties of the compounds were investigated in detail, aiming to reveal an effective way to improve the optical properties of these necklace-type compounds. The absorption spectra of the compounds showed that the size of the CPP ring had little effect on the spectral shape and position, but the electron transition information showed that there were the significant charge transfer within the CPP ring and a gradual enhancement of interfragment charge transfer from the CPP ring to carborane. The increasing order of polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability values of these compounds with the increase of CPP size indicated that increasing the size of the CPP ring was an effective way to increase the nonlinear optical properties of necklace-type molecules. Among the frequency dependent hyperpolarizability values, the γ(-ω;ω,0,0) value increased by a factor of 4 from complex 1 to 6 with the increase of CPP ring size, which indicated that increasing the size of the CPP ring was an effective way to increase the optical Kerr effect of necklace-type molecules. Therefore, these the new necklace-type nolecules formed by carborane and [n]Cycloparaphenylenes would be excellent nonlinear optical materials in the field of the all-optical switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Liang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China; School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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11
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Mishra NR, Agrawal A, Das RR. Hypertonic Saline vs. Mannitol in Management of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:899-906. [PMID: 37225962 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of two hyperosmolar agents (hypertonic saline vs. mannitol) used for the reduction of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in children. METHODS A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted and GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) of evidence was applied. Relevant databases were searched till 31st May 2022. Primary outcome was mortality rate. RESULTS Of 720 citations retrieved, 4 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis (n = 365, male = 61%). Traumatic and non-traumatic cases of elevated ICP were included. There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between the two groups [relative risk (RR), 1.09; (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74 to 1.6)]. No significant difference was found for any of the secondary outcomes, except serum osmolality (being significantly higher in mannitol group). Adverse events like shock and dehydration were significantly higher in the mannitol group, and hypernatremia in the hypertonic saline group. The evidence generated for primary outcome was of "low certainty", and for secondary outcomes, it varied from "very-low to moderate certainty". CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference between hypertonic saline and mannitol used for the reduction of elevated ICP in children. The evidence generated for primary outcome (mortality rate) was of "low certainty", and for secondary outcomes, it varied from "very-low to moderate certainty". More data from high-quality RCTs are needed to guide any recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
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Tsuno H, Shen J, Komatsu H, Arichi N, Inuki S, Ohno H. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Bis-Cyclization of Allenynes for the Synthesis of Strained and Planar Polycyclic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307532. [PMID: 37401836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of naphthalene-tethered allenynes gave strained fused phenanthrene derivatives. The reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic reaction of an alkyne with the activated allene to generate a vinyl cation intermediate, followed by arylation with a tethered naphthalene ring to form the 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene (CPP) scaffold. When using aryl-substituted substrates on the alkyne terminus, the gold-catalyzed reaction produced dibenzofluorene derivatives along with the CPP derivatives. Selective formation of CPP and dibenzofluorene derivatives depending on the reaction conditions is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tsuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jingfeng Shen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Abt C, Gerlach LM, Bull J, Jacob A, Kreikemeyer B, Patenge N. Pyrenebutyrate Enhances the Antibacterial Effect of Peptide-Coupled Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acids in Streptococcus pyogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2131. [PMID: 37763975 PMCID: PMC10537354 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) inhibit bacterial growth in several infection models. Since PNAs are not spontaneously taken up by bacteria, they are often conjugated to carriers such as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in order to improve translocation. Hydrophobic counterions such as pyrenebutyrate (PyB) have been shown to facilitate translocation of peptides over natural and artificial membranes. In this study, the capability of PyB to support translocation of CPP-coupled antisense PNAs into bacteria was investigated in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. PyB enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPP-conjugated antisense PNAs in S. pyogenes. The most significant effect of PyB was observed in combination with K8-conjugated anti-gyrA PNAs. In contrast, no significant effect of PyB on the antimicrobial activity of CPP-conjugated PNAs in S. pneumoniae was detected. Uptake of K8-FITC into S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae could be improved by pre-incubation with PyB, indicating that PyB supports the antimicrobial effect of CPP-antisense PNAs in S. pyogenes by facilitating the translocation of peptides across the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Abt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Lisa Marie Gerlach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Jana Bull
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | | | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Nadja Patenge
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany (J.B.); (B.K.)
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Lee JG, Hur KH, Hwang SB, Lee S, Lee SY, Jang CG. Designer Drug, 25D-NBOMe, Has Reinforcing and Rewarding Effects through Change of a Dopaminergic Neurochemical System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2658-2666. [PMID: 37463338 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)_ethanamine (25D-NBOMe), an analogue of the 2C family, is a newly synthesized psychoactive substance. It acts as an agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor and has a similar mechanism to that of NBOMe compounds. However, the pharmacological mechanism for its rewarding and reinforcing effects has not been revealed. In the present study, intravenous self-administration (IVSA) test and conditioned place preference (CPP) test were performed to investigate whether 25D-NBOMe has abuse potential. We also evaluated the effects of 25D-NBOMe on neurochemical changes using western blot analysis and microdialysis. The IVSA test revealed increased self-administration in 25D-NBOMe (0.03 mg/kg)-treated rats. In addition, the CPP test revealed rewarding effects in 25D-NBOMe (1 mg/kg)-treated mice. In the neurochemical studies, 25D-NBOMe treatment affected the expression of dopamine (DA) receptor D1 (DRD1), DA receptor D2 (DRD2), tyrosine hydroxylase, DA transporter (DAT), and phospho-DAT (p-DAT) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, microdialysis revealed that treatment with progressively increasing doses (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) of 25D-NBOMe increased the extracellular levels of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in the rat NAc. Taken together, our results show the abuse potential and neurochemical changes related to addictive behavior after administration of 25D-NBOMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Grogan JP, Rys W, Kelly SP, O’Connell RG. Confidence is predicted by pre- and post-choice decision signal dynamics. Imaging Neurosci (Camb) 2023; 1:1-23. [PMID: 37719838 PMCID: PMC10503486 DOI: 10.1162/imag_a_00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that one's confidence in a choice can be influenced by new evidence encountered after commitment has been reached, but the processes through which post-choice evidence is sampled remain unclear. To investigate this, we traced the pre- and post-choice dynamics of electrophysiological signatures of evidence accumulation (Centro-parietal Positivity, CPP) and motor preparation (mu/beta band) to determine their sensitivity to participants' confidence in their perceptual discriminations. Pre-choice CPP amplitudes scaled with confidence both when confidence was reported simultaneously with choice, and when reported 1 second after the initial direction decision with no intervening evidence. When additional evidence was presented during the post-choice delay period, the CPP exhibited sustained activation after the initial choice, with a more prolonged build-up on trials with lower certainty in the alternative that was finally endorsed, irrespective of whether this entailed a change-of-mind from the initial choice or not. Further investigation established that this pattern was accompanied by later lateralisation of motor preparation signals toward the ultimately chosen response and slower confidence reports when participants indicated low certainty in this response. These observations are consistent with certainty-dependent stopping theories according to which post-choice evidence accumulation ceases when a criterion level of certainty in a choice alternative has been reached, but continues otherwise. Our findings have implications for current models of choice confidence, and predictions they may make about EEG signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Grogan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wouter Rys
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon P. Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Redmond G. O’Connell
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Shenavandeh S. The Persistency and Visibility of Synovial Fluid Crystals After at Least 10 Days in Refrigerator by Light and Polarized Microscopy. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1239-1242. [PMID: 37525737 PMCID: PMC10387023 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Synovial fluid (SF) analysis is one of the most important tests used in approach to arthritis and is necessary for rheumatology fellowship training. It depends on the operator's experience and can be affected by handling, processing, temperature, type of preservative, and time from aspiration to analysis. Therefore, we aimed to reevaluate the SF with positive results for crystals, after at least 10 days for the persistency and visibility of the crystals. Method For 1 year, we reevaluated crystal positive synovial fluid samples after at least 10 days under light and polarized microscopy. The samples were sent in tubes without any preservative. After the first day of diagnosis of a crystal arthropathy, all the samples were kept in 4 °C refrigerator in a syringe without any preservative and then reevaluated. Results 14 calcium pyrophosphate (CPP); 12 monosodium urate (MSU), 1 of which was combined CPP and MSU; and 1 post-methylprednisolone (Depomedrol) injection, steroid crystal arthropathy were found and reevaluated. In all reevaluated samples [between 10-24 (median:14 days)], the crystals were detectable again. Conclusion Our results suggests that SF CPP, MSU and methylprednisolone crystals at 4 °C without preservation could be detectable after 10-24 days (median: 14, 15.5, and 10 days, respectively) under light and polarized microscopy. It seems that the samples evaluated in emergency settings without enough time and those sent from other centers or gathering samples for trainees can be kept to detect crystals at least 10 days for all and till 22 days (for CCP and MSU) after sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Shenavandeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yadav S, Singh P. Advancement and application of novel cell-penetrating peptide in cancer management. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:234. [PMID: 37323859 PMCID: PMC10264343 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are small amino acid sequences with the potential to enter cell membranes. Along with nucleic acids, large proteins, and other chemical compounds, they can deliver several bioactive cargos inside cells. Numerous CPPs have been extracted from natural or synthetic materials since the discovery of the first CPP. In the past few decades, a significant variety of studies have shown the potential of CPPs to cure different diseases. The low toxicity in peptide compared to other drug delivery carriers is a significant benefit of CPP-based therapy, in addition to the high efficacy brought about by swift and effective delivery. A significant tendency for intracellular DNA delivery may also be observed when nanoparticles and the cell penetration peptide are combined. CPPs are frequently used to increase intracellular absorption of nucleic acid, and other therapeutic agents inside the cell. Due to long-term side effects and possible toxicity, its implementation is restricted. The use of cell-permeating peptides is a commonly used technique to increase their intracellular absorption. Additionally, CPPs have lately been sought for application in vivo, following their success in cellular studies. This review will go through the numerous CPPs, the chemical modifications that improve their cellular uptake, the various means for getting them across cell membranes, and the biological activity they acquire after being conjugate with specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No. 2, Sector 17-A, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
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Magnotto JC, Mancini A, Bird K, Montenegro L, Tütüncüler F, Pereira SA, Simas V, Garcia L, Roberts SA, Macedo D, Magnuson M, Gagliardi P, Mauras N, Witchel SF, Carroll RS, Latronico AC, Kaiser UB, Abreu AP. Novel MKRN3 Missense Mutations Associated With Central Precocious Puberty Reveal Distinct Effects on Ubiquitination. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1646-1656. [PMID: 36916482 PMCID: PMC10653150 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Loss-of-function mutations in the maternally imprinted genes, MKRN3 and DLK1, are associated with central precocious puberty (CPP). Mutations in MKRN3 are the most common known genetic etiology of CPP. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to screen patients with CPP for MKRN3 and DLK1 mutations and analyze the effects of identified mutations on protein function in vitro. METHODS Participants included 84 unrelated children with CPP (79 girls, 5 boys) and, when available, their first-degree relatives. Five academic medical institutions participated. Sanger sequencing of MKRN3 and DLK1 5' upstream flanking and coding regions was performed on DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to assess protein ubiquitination profiles. RESULTS Eight heterozygous MKRN3 mutations were identified in 9 unrelated girls with CPP. Five are novel missense mutations, 2 were previously identified in patients with CPP, and 1 is a frameshift variant not previously associated with CPP. No pathogenic variants were identified in DLK1. Girls with MKRN3 mutations had an earlier age of initial pubertal signs and higher basal serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone compared to girls with CPP without MRKN3 mutations. Western blot analysis revealed that compared to wild-type MKRN3, mutations within the RING finger domain reduced ubiquitination whereas the mutations outside this domain increased ubiquitination. CONCLUSION MKRN3 mutations were present in 10.7% of our CPP cohort, consistent with previous studies. The novel identified mutations in different domains of MKRN3 revealed different patterns of ubiquitination, suggesting distinct molecular mechanisms by which the loss of MRKN3 results in early pubertal onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Magnotto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessandra Mancini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keisha Bird
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Luciana Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Filiz Tütüncüler
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne 22030, Turkey
| | - Sidney A Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vitoria Simas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonardo Garcia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie A Roberts
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delanie Macedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa Magnuson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscila Gagliardi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Nelly Mauras
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Selma F Witchel
- Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dousti Kataj P, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, Farahmandfar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells injection in the nucleus accumbens on the morphine reinstatement behavior in a conditioned place preference model in Wistar rat: Expression changes of NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114360. [PMID: 36854364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to improve functional recovery in animal models of CNS disorders and are currently being examined in clinical studies for sclerosis, stroke, and CNS lesions. The activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair mechanisms is unclear. MSC-based approaches are considered a new potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to discover the effect of MSCs injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the reinstatement of behavior in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. The CPP was induced via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) morphine injection (5 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. After being tested for CPP induction, animals received MSCs or culture medium (DMEM F-12) in their NAc using stereotaxic surgery. Following extinction, a priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) was administered to induce reinstatement. Expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and the NT-3 gene in the NAc was assessed on the last day of extinction and following CPP reinstatement. The results showed that local injection of MSCs attenuated reinstatement after receiving a priming dose of morphine, and also shortened the period of CPP extinction. The mRNA expression of the NT-3 gene in the group receiving MSCs was increased compared to control animals, as was observed for GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A. It is concluded that intra-NAc injection of MSCs may facilitate morphine extinction and alleviate reinstatement behavior which may be via expression changes in NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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20
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Nhàn NTT, Maidana DE, Yamada KH. Ocular Delivery of Therapeutic Agents by Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Cells 2023; 12:1071. [PMID: 37048144 PMCID: PMC10093283 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides with the ability to translocate through the cell membrane to facilitate their cellular uptake. CPPs can be used as drug-delivery systems for molecules that are difficult to uptake. Ocular drug delivery is challenging due to the structural and physiological complexity of the eye. CPPs may be tailored to overcome this challenge, facilitating cellular uptake and delivery to the targeted area. Retinal diseases occur at the posterior pole of the eye; thus, intravitreal injections are needed to deliver drugs at an effective concentration in situ. However, frequent injections have risks of causing vision-threatening complications. Recent investigations have focused on developing long-acting drugs and drug delivery systems to reduce the frequency of injections. In fact, conjugation with CPP could deliver FDA-approved drugs to the back of the eye, as seen by topical application in animal models. This review summarizes recent advances in CPPs, protein/peptide-based drugs for eye diseases, and the use of CPPs for drug delivery based on systematic searches in PubMed and clinical trials. We highlight targeted therapies and explore the potential of CPPs and peptide-based drugs for eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Daniel E. Maidana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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21
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Tamagnone FM, Cheong I, Luna E, Previgliano I, Otero Castro V. Ultrasound-guided cerebral resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic brain Injury. J Clin Monit Comput 2023; 37:359-363. [PMID: 36454340 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide public health concern given its significant morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, reduced quality of life and elevated healthcare costs. The primary injury occurs at the moment of impact, but secondary injuries might develop as a result of brain hemodynamic abnormalities, hypoxia, and hypotension. The cerebral edema and hemorrhage of the injured tissues causes a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), which leads to higher risk of cerebral ischemia, herniation and death. In this setting, our role as physicians is to minimize damage by the optimization of the CPP and therefore to reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes. Performing a transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) allows to estimate cerebral blood flow velocities and identify states of low flow and high resistance. We propose to include TCD as an initial assessment and further monitoring tool for resuscitation guidance in patients with severe TBI. We present an Ultrasound-Guided Cardio-cerebral Resuscitation (UGCeR) protocol in Patients with Severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issac Cheong
- Argentinian Critical Care Ultrasonography Association (ASARUC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of critical care medicine, Sanatorio De los Arcos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of critical care medicine, Sanatorio De los Arcos, Juan B. Justo 909, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ezequiel Luna
- Department of critical care medicine, Sanatorio Guemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Previgliano
- Maimonides University, Buenos aires, Argentina
- Hospital General de Agudos J. A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Otero Castro
- Department of critical care medicine, Sanatorio De los Arcos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Yin LT, Feng RR, Xie XY, Yang XR, Yang ZF, Hu JJ, Wu SF, Zhang C. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 overexpression in the hippocampus reduces alcohol-induced conditioned-place preference by regulating synaptic plasticity in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 442:114330. [PMID: 36746309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins appear to be necessary for the synaptic plasticity that underlies addiction memory. In the brain, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), have been recently implicated in processes involving alcohol reward and memory. Here, we showed for the first time, the positive effects of MMP-9 on alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) behavior and hippocampal neuron plasticity in C57BL/6 mice. Using recombinant adeno-associated viruses to overexpress MMP-9 in the hippocampus, we investigated the NMDAR, PSD-95, and cellular cytoskeleton proteins F-actin/G-actin in the modulation of alcohol reward behavior in mice exposed to CPP. We found that hippocampal infusions of MMP-9 decreased alcohol-induced place preference suggesting a reduction in alcohol reward. Western blot analysis demonstrated that protein expression of NMDA receptors (GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of alcohol-exposed mice were higher than that of the saline group. Further, the expression of these proteins was decreased in MMP-9 overexpressing mice. MMP-9 also regulated the ratio of F-actin/G-actin (dendritic spines cytoskeleton proteins), which might be the key mediator for behavioral changes in mice. Consequently, our results highlight new evidence that MMP-9 may play an important role in the molecular mechanism underlying alcohol reward and preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tian Yin
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
| | - Rui-Rui Feng
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhuan-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Hu
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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23
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Hammad AM, Naser A, Amawi H, Hall FS, Tiwari AK, Al-Trad B. Effect of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in attenuating pregabalin-induced condition place preference. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114244. [PMID: 36470419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a worldwide problem with serious repercussions for patients and the communities where they live. Pregabalin (Lyrica), is a medication commonly used to treat neuropathic pain. Like other analgesic medications there has been concern about pregabalin abuse and misuse. Although it was initially suggested that pregabalin, like other gabapentinoids, has limited abuse liability, questions still remain concerning this inquiry. Changes in glutamate system homeostasis are a hallmark of adaptations underlying drug dependence, including down-regulation of the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1; SLC1A2) and the cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT; SLC7A11). In this study, it was found that pregabalin (90 mg/kg) produces a conditioned place preference (CPP), indicative of reinforcing effects that suggest a potential for abuse liability. Moreover, like other drugs of abuse, pregabalin also produced alterations in glutamate homeostasis, reducing the mRNA expression of Slc1a2 and Slc7a11 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, a β-lactam antibiotic, blocked the reinforcing effects of pregabalin and normalized glutamate homeostasis. These results suggest that pregabalin has abuse potential that should be examined more critically, and that, moreover, the mechanisms underlying these effects are similar to those of other drugs of abuse, such as heroin and cocaine. Additionally, these results support previous findings showing normalization of glutamate homeostasis by β-lactam drugs that provides a novel potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of drug abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Asma'a Naser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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24
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Ide S, Iwase N, Arai K, Kojima M, Ushiyama S, Taniko K, Ikeda K. Inhibitory Effects of a Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Nonpeptide Antagonist, UD-030, on Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although opioids are widely used to treat moderate to severe pain, opioid addiction and the opioid overdose epidemic are becoming more serious. Although opioid receptor antagonists/partial agonists, such as naltrexone and buprenorphine, have relatively low selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor (MOP), they have been used for the management of opioid use disorder. The utility of highly selective MOP antagonists remains to be evaluated. Here, we biologically and pharmacologically evaluated a novel nonpeptide ligand, UD-030, as a selective MOP antagonist. UD-030 had more than 100-fold higher binding affinity for the human MOP (Ki = 3.1 nM) than for δ-opioid, κ-opioid, and nociceptin receptors (Ki = 1800, 460, and 1800 nM, respectively) in competitive binding assays. The [35S]-GTPγS binding assay showed that UD-030 acts as a selective MOP full antagonist. The oral administration of UD-030 dose-dependently suppressed the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in C57BL/6J mice, and its effects were comparable to naltrexone. These results indicate the UD-030 may be a new candidate for the treatment of opioid use disorder, with characteristics that differ from traditional medications that are in clinical use.
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25
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Li L, Duns GJ, Dessie W, Cao Z, Ji X, Luo X. Recent advances in peptide-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1052301. [PMID: 36794282 PMCID: PMC9922721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities in female worldwide. Effective therapies with low side effects for breast cancer treatment and prevention are, accordingly, urgently required. Targeting anticancer materials, breast cancer vaccines and anticancer drugs have been studied for many years to decrease side effects, prevent breast cancer and suppress tumors, respectively. There are abundant evidences to demonstrate that peptide-based therapeutic strategies, coupling of good safety and adaptive functionalities are promising for breast cancer therapy. In recent years, peptide-based vectors have been paid attention in targeting breast cancer due to their specific binding to corresponding receptors overexpressed in cell. To overcome the low internalization, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) could be selected to increase the penetration due to the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between CPPs and cell membranes. Peptide-based vaccines are at the forefront of medical development and presently, 13 types of main peptide vaccines for breast cancer are being studied on phase III, phase II, phase I/II and phase I clinical trials. In addition, peptide-based vaccines including delivery vectors and adjuvants have been implemented. Many peptides have recently been used in clinical treatments for breast cancer. These peptides show different anticancer mechanisms and some novel peptides could reverse the resistance of breast cancer to susceptibility. In this review, we will focus on current studies of peptide-based targeting vectors, CPPs, peptide-based vaccines and anticancer peptides for breast cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Gregory J. Duns
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Zhenmin Cao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoyuan Ji, ; Xiaofang Luo,
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoyuan Ji, ; Xiaofang Luo,
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26
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Zeper LW, Smith ER, Ter Braake AD, Tinnemans PT, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ. Calciprotein Particle Synthesis Strategy Determines In Vitro Calcification Potential. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:103-117. [PMID: 36326853 PMCID: PMC9813048 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Circulating calciprotein particles (CPP), colloids of calcium, phosphate and proteins, were identified as potential drivers of the calcification process in chronic kidney disease. The present study compared CPP produced using different protocols with respect to particle morphology, composition, particle number and in vitro calcification potency. CPP were synthesized with 4.4 mM (CPP-A and B) or 6 mM (CPP-C and D) phosphate and 2.8 mM (CPP-A and B) or 10 mM (CPP-C and D) calcium, with either bovine fetuin-A (CPP-C) or fetal bovine serum (CPP-A, B and D) as a source of protein, and incubated for 7 (CPP-A2) or 14 days (CPP-B2), 12 h (CPP-C2, D2 and B1) or 30 min (CPP-D1). Particle number was determined with nanoparticle tracking and calcium content was measured in CPP preparations and to determine human vascular smooth muscle cell (hVSMC) calcification. Morphologically, CPP-C2 were the largest. Particle number did not correspond to the calcium content of CPP. Both methods of quantification resulted in variable potencies of CPP2 to calcify VSMC, with CPP-B2 as most stable inducer of hVSMC calcification. In contrast, CPP-B1 and D1 were unable to induce calcification of hVSMC, and endogenous CPP derived from pooled serum of dialysis patients were only able to calcify hVSMC to a small extent compared to CPP2.CPP synthesized using different protocols appear morphologically similar, but in vitro calcification potency is dependent on composition and how the CPP are quantified. Synthetic CPP are not comparable to endogenous CPP in terms of the calcification propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara W Zeper
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anique D Ter Braake
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T Tinnemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Wiah S, Roper A, Zhao P, Shekarabi A, Watson MN, Farkas DJ, Potula R, Reitz AB, Rawls SM. Troriluzole inhibits methamphetamine place preference in rats and normalizes methamphetamine-evoked glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) protein levels in the mesolimbic pathway. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 242:109719. [PMID: 36521236 PMCID: PMC9850846 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Riluzole, approved to manage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is mechanistically unique among glutamate-based therapeutics because it reduces glutamate transmission through a dual mechanism (i.e., reduces glutamate release and enhances glutamate reuptake). The profile of riluzole is favorable for normalizing glutamatergic dysregulation that perpetuates methamphetamine (METH) dependence, but pharmacokinetic and metabolic liabilities hinder repurposing. To mitigate these limitations, we synthesized troriluzole (TRLZ), a third-generation prodrug of riluzole, and tested the hypothesis that TRLZ inhibits METH hyperlocomotion and conditioned place preference (CPP) and normalizes METH-induced changes in mesolimbic glutamate biomarkers. TRLZ (8, 16 mg/kg) reduced hyperlocomotion caused by METH (1 mg/kg) without affecting spontaneous activity. TRLZ (1, 4, 8, 16 mg/kg) administered during METH conditioning (0.5 mg/kg x 4 d) inhibited development of METH place preference, and TRLZ (16 mg/kg) administered after METH conditioning reduced expression of CPP. In rats with established METH place preference, TRLZ (16 mg/kg) accelerated extinction of CPP. In cellular studies, chronic METH enhanced mRNA levels of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Repeated METH also caused enhancement of GCPII protein levels in the VTA that was prevented by TRLZ (16 mg/kg). TRLZ (16 mg/kg) administered during chronic METH did not affect brain or plasma levels of METH. These results indicate that TRLZ, already in clinical trials for cerebellar ataxia, reduces development, expression and maintenance of METH CPP. Moreover, normalization of METH-induced GCPII levels in mesolimbic substrates by TRLZ points toward studying GCPII as a therapeutic target of TRLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonita Wiah
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Roper
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Farkas
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Potula R, Gentile TA, Meissler JJ, Shekarabi A, Wiah S, Farkas DJ, Inan S, Eisenstein TK, Rawls SM. Purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonist inhibits methamphetamine-induced reward, hyperlocomotion, and cortical IL-7A levels in mice: A role for P2X7/IL-17A crosstalk in methamphetamine behaviors? Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:47-52. [PMID: 36174884 PMCID: PMC10022398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors are dysregulated during psychostimulant exposure. Furthermore, P2X7 receptors enhance endogenous systems (e.g., cytokines, dopamine, and glutamate) that facilitate psychostimulant addiction. Therefore, using mouse locomotor, conditioned place preference (CPP), and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) assays, we tested the hypothesis that methamphetamine (METH) reward and acute locomotor activation requires P2X7 receptor activity. We also investigated effects of P2X7 blockade on METH-induced changes in cytokine levels in brain reward regions. A438079 (5, 10, 50 mg/kg), a P2X7 antagonist, did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity but reduced hyperlocomotion caused by acute METH (1 mg/kg) exposure. A438079 (10 mg/kg) also prevented expression of METH CPP without causing aversive or rewarding effects. For ICSS experiments, METH (1 mg/kg) facilitated brain reward function as interpreted from reductions in baseline threshold. In the presence of A438079 (50 mg/kg), METH-induced facilitation of ICSS was reduced. Repeated METH exposure (1 mg/kg × 7 d) caused enhancement of IL-17A levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that was normalized by A438070 (10 mg/kg × 7 d). The present data suggest that P2X7 receptor activity contributes to rewarding and locomotor-stimulant effects of METH through a potential mechanism involving IL-17A, which has recently been implicated in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghava Potula
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor A Gentile
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J Meissler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonita Wiah
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Farkas
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby K Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Maeng J, Lee K. Systemic and brain delivery of antidiabetic peptides through nasal administration using cell-penetrating peptides. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1068495. [PMID: 36452220 PMCID: PMC9703138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1068495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intranasal route has emerged as a promising strategy that can direct delivery of drugs into the systemic circulation because the high-vascularized nasal cavity, among other advantages, avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism. The nose-to-brain pathway provides a non-invasive alternative to other routes for the delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. A great variety of methodologies has been developed to enhance the efficiency of transepithelial translocation of macromolecules. Among these, the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), short protein transduction domains (PTDs) that facilitate the intracellular transport of various bioactive molecules, has become an area of extensive research in the intranasal delivery of peptides and proteins either to systemic or to brain compartments. Some CPPs have been applied for the delivery of peptide antidiabetics, including insulin and exendin-4, for treating diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights the current status of CPP-driven intranasal delivery of peptide drugs and its potential applicability as a universal vehicle in the nasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Ofir N, Landau AN. Neural signatures of evidence accumulation in temporal decisions. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4093-4100.e6. [PMID: 36007527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of interval timing can be formulated as an accumulation-to-bound process.1-5 However, the physiological manifestation of such processes has not yet been identified. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the neural responses of participants while they performed a temporal bisection task in which they were requested to categorize the duration of visual stimuli as short or long.6 We found that the stimulus-offset and response-locked activity depends on both stimulus duration and the participants' decision. To relate this activity to the underlying cognitive processes, we used a drift-diffusion model.7 The model includes a noisy accumulator starting with the stimulus onset and a decision threshold. According to the model, a stimulus duration will be categorized as "long" if the accumulator reaches the threshold during stimulus presentation. Otherwise, it will be categorized as "short." We found that at the offset of stimulus presentation, an EEG response marks the distance of the accumulator from the threshold. Therefore, this model offers an accurate description of our behavioral data as well as the EEG response using the same two model parameters. We then replicated this finding in an identical experiment conducted in the tactile domain. We also extended this finding to two different temporal ranges (sub- and supra-second). Taken together, the work provides a new way to study the cognitive processes underlying temporal decisions, using a combination of behavior, EEG, and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Ofir
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Ayelet N Landau
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
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Liu L, Li J, Wang C, Xu Y, Leung CK, Yang G, Lin S, Zhang S, Tan Y, Zhang H, Wang H, Liu J, Li M, Zeng X. Cannabidiol attenuates methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats and viability in PC12 cells through the Sigma1R/AKT/GSK3β/CREB signaling pathway. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2022; 48:548-561. [PMID: 35881880 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2073450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine use is associated with several negative consequences, including neurotoxicity and greater probability of exhibiting a substance use disorder. Sigma1 receptor is involved in the neurobiological basis of several drug use disorders. Cannabidiol has received attention in the treatment of drug use disorders and neurotoxicity. Objectives: To investigate the effects of cannabidiol on methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and the viability of PC12 cells. Methods: Adult male rats (n = 70) underwent methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, IP) induced CPP, and were administered cannabidiol (10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg, IP) during the methamphetamine withdrawal period for five consecutive days. Methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) was then injected to reactivate CPP. Four brain regions (ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus) were extracted after the last test. PC12 cells were treated with cannabidiol, Sigma1R-siRNA, or BD1047 before methamphetamine exposure. Results: Administration of 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg cannabidiol facilitated CPP extinction (80 mg/kg, p < .001) and prevented CPP development (80 mg/kg, p < .0001). This was associated with changes in the expression of Sigma1R (ventral tegmental area, 80 mg/kg, p < .0001) in the four brain regions. Cannabidiol protected the PC12 cell's viability (10 μM, p = .0008) and inhibited the methamphetamine-induced activation of the AKT/GSK3β/CREB signaling pathway by mediating Sigma1R (10 μM, p < .0001). Conclusions: Cannabidiol seems to inhibit the rewarding effects of methamphetamine and the effects of this drug on cell viability. Sigma1R should be given further consideration as a potential target for cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shucheng Lin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianxing Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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de Guglielmo G, Iemolo A, Nur A, Turner A, Montilla-Perez P, Martinez A, Crook C, Roberts A, Telese F. Reelin deficiency exacerbates cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion by enhancing neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum. Genes Brain Behav 2022; 21:e12828. [PMID: 35906757 PMCID: PMC9744517 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Reln gene encodes for the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin, which regulates several brain functions from development to adulthood, including neuronal migration, dendritic growth and branching and synapse formation and plasticity. Human studies have implicated Reelin signaling in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Mouse studies using the heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice have shown that reduced levels of Reln expression are associated with deficits in learning and memory and increased disinhibition. Although these traits are relevant to substance use disorders, the role of Reelin in cellular and behavioral responses to addictive drugs remains largely unknown. Here, we compared HR mice to wild-type (WT) littermate controls to investigate whether Reelin signaling contributes to the hyperlocomotor and rewarding effects of cocaine. After a single or repeated cocaine injections, HR mice showed enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity compared with WT controls. This effect persisted after withdrawal. In contrast, Reelin deficiency did not induce cocaine sensitization, and did not affect the rewarding effects of cocaine measured in the conditioned place preference assay. The elevated cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in HR mice was associated with increased protein Fos expression in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) compared with WT. Lastly, we performed an RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization experiment and found that Reln was highly co-expressed with the Drd1 gene, which encodes for the dopamine receptor D1, in the DMS. These findings show that Reelin signaling contributes to the locomotor effects of cocaine and improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cellular and behavioral effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Attilio Iemolo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aisha Nur
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Angelica Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Crook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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33
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Abuei H, Pirouzfar M, Mojiri A, Behzad-Behbahani A, Kalantari T, Bemani P, Farhadi A. Maximizing the recovery of the native p28 bacterial peptide with improved activity and maintained solubility and stability in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106560. [PMID: 36031157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p28 is a natural bacterial product, which recently has attracted much attention as an efficient cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and a promising anticancer agent. Considering the interesting biological qualities of p28, maximizing its expression appears to be a prominent priority. The optimization of such bioprocesses might be facilitated by utilizing statistical approaches such as Design of Experiment (DoE). In this study, we aimed to maximize the expression of "biologically active" p28 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) host by harnessing statistical tools and experimental methods. Using Minitab, Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) designs were generated to optimize the conditions for the expression of p28. Each condition was experimentally investigated by assessing the biological activity of the purified p28 in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Seven independent variables were investigated, and three of them including ethanol concentration, OD600 of the culture at the time of induction, and the post-induction temperature were demonstrated to significantly affect the p28 expression in E. coli. The cytotoxicity, penetration efficiency, and total process time were measured as dependent variables. The optimized expression conditions were validated experimentally, and the final products were investigated in terms of expression yield, solubility, and stability in vitro. Following the optimization, an 8-fold increase of the concentration of p28 expression was observed. In this study, we suggest an optimized combination of effective factors to produce soluble p28 in the E. coli host, a protocol that results in the production of a significantly high amount of the biologically active peptide with retained solubility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Abuei
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pirouzfar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mojiri
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kalantari
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Liu J, Li T, Peng M, Luo M, Gui Z, Long S, Mo Z, He W. The key roles of Makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) during the development of pubertal initiation and central precocious puberty ( CPP). Curr Mol Med 2022:CMM-EPUB-124773. [PMID: 35748557 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220624105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is initiated from the continuous and growing pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus and then the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Numerous factors involve pubertal initiation whose abnormality may come from dysfunction of these regulators. Makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) inhibits the secretion of GnRH and plays indispensable roles during the development of pubertal onset, and mutations of MKRN3 showed the commonest genetic cause of central precocious puberty (CPP). Recently, growing studies have revealed the functional mechanisms of MKRN3 in the pubertal initiation and the occurrence of CPP. In this review, we mainly summarized the research advances on the roles of MKRN3 in the development of pubertal onset and their underpinning mechanisms, contributing to the better understanding of the precise mechanisms of pubertal initiation and the pathogenesis of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China
| | - Tangluo Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mindan Peng
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children\'s Medical Center, Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China
| | - Min Luo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zihao Gui
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuanglian Long
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiguo He
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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35
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Jokara Z, Khatamsaz S, Alaei H, Shariati M. Effect of electrical stimulation of central nucleus of the amygdala on morphine conditioned place preference in male rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022; 25:604-610. [PMID: 35911639 PMCID: PMC9282746 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62133.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is one of the most important areas for the morphine reward system. This study investigated the effect of electrical stimulation of CeA on morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After anesthetizing male Wistar rats, both electrode and cannula were implanted into CeA for stimulating (low intensity: 25 μA, and high intensity: 150 μA) and injecting (lidocaine and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist), respectively. Then, CPP induced by effective (5 mg/kg) and ineffective (0.5 mg/kg) doses of morphine was evaluated for five consecutive days (n = 6 / group). RESULTS The low electrical stimulation intensity of 25 μA suppressed both acquisition and expression phases, but the high intensity of 150 µA attenuated only the expression phase. On the other hand, intra-CeA administration of dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride (2 µg/rat), with the effective dose of morphine, decreased CPP. In addition, infusion of lidocaine into the CeA inhibited morphine-induced CPP in both acquisition and expression phases with the effective dose of morphine. CONCLUSION Electrical stimulation of the CeA may play an important role in attenuating morphine induced CPP via possible changes in neurotransmitters involved in the reward system such as dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jokara
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Saeed Khatamsaz
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - HojjatAllah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: HojjatAllah Alaei. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98-3137922407; Fax: +98-03136687898;
| | - Mehrdad Shariati
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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36
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Nai J, Zhang J, Li J, Li H, Yang Y, Yang M, Wang Y, Gong W, Li Z, Li L, Gao C. Macrophage membrane- and cRGD-functionalized thermosensitive liposomes combined with CPP to realize precise siRNA delivery into tumor cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 27:349-362. [PMID: 35024246 PMCID: PMC8724933 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in clinical settings, their fast clearance and poor delivery efficiency to target cells still hinder their therapeutic effect. Herein, a new treatment system was constructed by combining thermosensitive liposomes with the macrophage membrane, tumor-targeting cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, a cell-penetrating peptide, and thermotherapy. The constructed system was found to be thermosensitive and stable; the proteins were inherited from the macrophage membrane. This new system combined with thermotherapy displayed the least uptake by macrophages, the greatest uptake by HepG2 cells, the most obvious HepG2 cell apoptosis, and the strongest inhibition of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein in HepG2 cells. Moreover, 24 h after system administration in tumor-bearing mice, the most prominent distribution of siRNA was observed in tumors, while almost no siRNA was found in other organs. The strongest inhibition of Bcl-2 mRNA, Bcl-2 protein, and tumors was found in mice that had received the proposed system. In summary, when using the constructed system both in vitro and in mice, less uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, greater accumulation in tumor cells, and improved therapeutic efficacy were observed. Therefore, this new system can deliver siRNA selectively and efficiently, and it is a promising therapeutic candidate for precise tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Nai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Rusiecka I, Gągało I, Kocić I. Cell-penetrating peptides improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:1965418. [PMID: 34402743 PMCID: PMC8794253 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1965418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concentrates on the research concerning conjugates of anticancer drugs with versatile cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). For a better insight into the relationship between the components of the constructs, it starts with the characteristic of the peptides and considers its following aspects: mechanisms of cellular internalization, interaction with cancer-modified membranes, selectivity against tumor tissue. Also, CPPs with anticancer activity have been distinguished and summarized with their mechanisms of action. With respect to the conjugates, the preclinical studies (in vitro, in vivo) indicated that they possess several merits in comparison to the parent drugs. They concerned not only better cellular internalization but also other improvements in pharmacokinetics (e.g. access to the brain tissue) and pharmacodynamics (e.g. overcoming drug resistance). The anticancer activity of the conjugates was usually superior to that of the unconjugated drug. Certain anticancer CPPs and conjugates entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rusiecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Gągało
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Fu B, Yao JQ, Lu C, Wang B, Li Z, Huang M, Tian T, Peng H, Liu SJ. Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Serotoninergic Neurons Mediate Morphine Rewarding Effect and Conditioned Place Preference. Neuroscience 2022; 480:108-16. [PMID: 34762982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphine rewarding properties are the main reasons for drug-craving in behaviors occurring during morphine addiction. It has been suggested that morphine addiction relies on signals to the mesolimbic dopamine system, although the mechanisms outside the dopaminergic system are still unclear. Notably, the role of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotoninergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system remains unexplored. Using in vivo electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches, we found that morphine treatment increased DRN 5-TH neurons firing rate and optogenetic activation of DRN 5-HT neurons induced a rewarding effect, indicating that morphine reward is related to DRN 5-HT neurons. Accordingly, optogenetic inhibition of DRN 5-HT neurons following morphine injection reversed conditioned place preference (CPP) during chronic morphine treatment. These findings aid our understanding of the new functions of the DRN 5-HT neurons for morphine rewarding effect and provide a potential approach for the treatment of morphine addiction.
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39
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Geng J, Xia X, Teng L, Wang L, Chen L, Guo X, Belingon B, Li J, Feng X, Li X, Shang W, Wan Y, Wang H. Emerging landscape of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery and their utility in imaging, gene-editing, and RNA-sequencing. J Control Release 2022; 341:166-183. [PMID: 34822907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The safety issues like immunogenicity and unacceptable cancer risk of viral vectors for DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery necessitate the development of non-viral vectors with no toxicity. Among the non-viral strategies, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been a topic of interest recently because of their ability to cross plasma membranes and facilitate nucleic acids delivery both in vivo and in vitro. In addition to the application in the field of gene vaccine and gene therapy, CPPs based nucleic acids delivery have been proved by its potential application like gene editing, RNA-sequencing, and imaging. Here, we focus on summarizing the recent applications and progress of CPPs-mediated nucleic acids delivery and discuss the current problems and solutions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiangli Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Bonn Belingon
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Jason Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wendou Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yingying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Laha K, Zhu M, Gemperline E, Rau V, Li L, Fanselow MS, Lennertz R, Pearce RA. CPP impairs contextual learning at concentrations below those that block pyramidal neuron NMDARs and LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108846. [PMID: 34687710 PMCID: PMC8627488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that block N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) suppress hippocampus-dependent memory formation; they also block long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. However, the fractional block that is required to achieve these effects is unknown. Here, we measured the dose-dependent suppression of contextual memory in vivo by systemic administration of the competitive antagonist (R,S)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP); in parallel, we measured the concentration-dependent block by CPP of NMDAR-mediated synapses and LTP of excitatory synapses in hippocampal brain slices in vitro. We found that the dose of CPP that suppresses contextual memory in vivo (EC50 = 2.3 mg/kg) corresponds to a free concentration of 53 nM. Surprisingly, applying this concentration of CPP to hippocampal brain slices had no effect on the NMDAR component of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPNMDA), or on LTP. Rather, the IC50 for blocking the fEPSPNMDA was 434 nM, and for blocking LTP was 361 nM - both nearly an order of magnitude higher. We conclude that memory impairment produced by systemically administered CPP is not due primarily to its blockade of NMDARs on hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Rather, systemic CPP suppresses memory formation by actions elsewhere in the memory-encoding circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Laha
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Mengwen Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Erin Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Vinuta Rau
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Richard Lennertz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Robert A Pearce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Li X, Xiong J, Zhang B, Zhangsun D, Luo S. α-Conotoxin TxIB Inhibits Development of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice via Blocking α6β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772990. [PMID: 34925031 PMCID: PMC8681874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine, the main component of opium, is a commonly used analgesic in clinical practice, but its abuse potential limits its clinical application. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mesolimbic circuitry play an important role in the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Previous studies have showed that α6β2* (* designated other subunits) nAChRs are mainly distributed in dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain area, which regulates the release of dopamine. So α6β2* nAChRs are regarded as a new target to treat drug abuse. α-Conotoxin TxIB was discovered in our lab, which is the most selective ligand to inhibit α6β2* nAChRs only. Antagonists of α6β2* nAChRs decreased nicotine, cocaine, and ethanol rewarding effects previously. However, their role in morphine addiction has not been reported so far. Thus, it is worth evaluating the effect of α-conotoxin TxIB on the morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and its behavioral changes in mice. Our results showed that TxIB inhibited expression and acquisition of morphine-induced CPP and did not produce a rewarding effect by itself. Moreover, repeated injections of TxIB have no effect on learning, memory, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, blocking α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs inhibits the development of morphine-induced CPP. α-Conotoxin TxIB may be a potentially useful compound to mitigate the acquisition and/or retention of drug-context associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Baojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Danda H, Pinterová-Leca N, Šíchová K, Štefková-Mazochová K, Syrová K, Olejníková L, Končická M, Mazoch V, Lhotková E, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Effects of synthetic cathinone naphyrone in the conditioned place preference test - evidence of its addictive potential. Behav Brain Res 2021; 421:113713. [PMID: 34906607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Naphyrone, also known as NRG-1, is a novel psychoactive substance (NPS), a cathinone with stimulatory properties available on the grey/illicit drug market for almost a decade. It is structurally related to infamously known powerful stimulants with the pyrovalerone structure, such as alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) or methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) that are labeled as a cheap replacement for cocaine and other stimulants. Despite the known addictive potential of α-PVP and MDPV, there are no studies directly evaluating naphyrone's addictive potential e.g., in conditioned place preference (CPP) test or using self-administration. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the addictive potential in a CPP test in male Wistar rats and compare its effect to another powerful stimulant with a high addictive potential - methamphetamine. Naphyrone increased time spent in the drug-paired compartment with 5 and 20mg/kg s.c. being significant and 10mg/kg s.c. reaching the threshold (p = 0.07); the effect was comparable to that of methamphetamine 1.5mg/kg s.c. The lowest dose, naphyrone 1mg/kg s.c., had no effect on CPP. Interestingly, no dose response effect was detected. Based on these data, we are able to conclude that naphyrone has an addictive potential and may possess a significant risk to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková-Mazochová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Končická
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Mazoch
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.
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Hultstrand C, Coe AB, Lilja M, Hajdarevic S. Shifting between roles of a customer and a seller - patients' experiences of the encounter with primary care physicians when suspicions of cancer exist. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:2001894. [PMID: 34784840 PMCID: PMC8604522 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.2001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sweden has tried to speed up the process of early cancer detection by standardization of care. This increased focus on early cancer detection provides people with a conflicting norm regarding the importance of recognizing possible cancer symptoms and the responsibility of not delaying seeking care.Based on existing norms about patients' responsibility and care seeking, this study explores how patients experience encounters with primary care physicians when they seek care for symptoms potentially indicating cancer. METHODS Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients receiving care for symptoms indicative of cancer in one county in northern Sweden. Data was analysed with thematic analysis. RESULTS The common notion of describing patients as customers in a healthcare context does not sufficiently capture all aspects of what counts as being a person seeking care. Instead, people interacting with primary care face a twofold role in where they are required to take the role not only of customer but also of seller. Consequently, people shift between these two roles in order to legitimize their care seeking. CONCLUSIONS Standardization oversimplifies the complexity underlying patients' experience of care seeking and interaction with healthcare. Hence, healthcare must acknowledge the individual person within a standardized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hultstrand
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Lilja
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education, and Development, Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Senada Hajdarevic
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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Arukuusk P, Härk HH, Langel Ü. Utilization of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for In Vivo Delivery of Bioactive Cargo: The Effect of Nanoparticle Formulation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:247-53. [PMID: 34766294 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The efficacy of nanoparticle drugs necessitates the high bioactivity of constituents, but the distribution of the nanoparticles in organisms is mostly determined by their physical properties. Therefore, generation of stable particles with strictly defined characteristics is highly essential. Here we describe a formulation protocol of stable and homogenous CPP/pDNA nanoparticles for in vivo applications.
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45
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Falato L, Vunk B, Langel Ü. CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid Delivery Through the CPP: PepFect14. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2383:587-593. [PMID: 34766316 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing is increasing its popularity day by day especially as an essential tool for the research. It is based on two recombination mechanisms in mammalian cells: nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). The first one can be used to silence a specific gene or a portion of it and the second one to insert new DNA, in presence of a donor template, in a targeted position in the genome. In order to exploit one of these two mechanisms, three major targeted nucleases have been developed: zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), and CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein). The last one seems to be the most promising tool among the others for gene editing. By using the properties and versatility of the Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) PepFect14, we developed a protocol to deliver a plasmid encoding for CRISPR-Cas9 and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in BHM cell line expressing luciferase (Bomirsky Hamster Melanoma pLuc). Aiming to knocking down the luciferase gene in the cell line and to expressing GFP. Having two fast and easy read-outs of the plasmid's activity at the same time. Furthermore, by labeling the CRISPR plasmid with Cy5 it is possible to have a visual confirmation of the cellular uptake of the pDNA/CPP complex, via fluorescent microscopy, as described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falato
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgit Vunk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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46
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Röckendorf N, Ramaker K, Frey A. Artificial Evolutionary Optimization Process to Improve the Functionality of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:45-61. [PMID: 34766281 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Crossing cellular membranes is a versatile molecular property that allows for a wide variety of peptides with cell penetrating capabilities. This broadness complicates identification of candidates suited best for a specific application. To facilitate the screening of this enormous molecular space in a supervised manner we here present a method to "breed" the desired molecules by applying the rules of Darwinian evolution. With this mate-and-check protocol, which combines an in silico evolution step with an in vitro performance test, cell penetrating peptides that are optimized for a specific task can be achieved in a few rounds of breeding. The procedure is simple and straightforward on the synthetic site but requires robust, highly reproducible and close-to-reality biological assays to yield realistic functional output. With this technology even top-performing peptides can be further improved and functionally adjusted.
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47
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Kurrikoff K, Vunk B, Langel Ü. Tissue Analysis of Lung-Targeted Delivery of siRNA and Plasmid DNA. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:547-53. [PMID: 34766312 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Development of nucleic acid delivery systems requires the use of adequate tissue analysis methods, especially when aiming tissue-targeted drug delivery. In this chapter, a protocol is presented for analyzing a reporter signal from the lung tissue. Because lung is an important target tissue from the clinical point of view, yet represents a challenge from the histological point of view, this protocol can be used in any lung-targeting drug delivery project.
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48
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Rosa MLDP, Machado CA, Oliveira BDS, Toscano ECDB, Asth L, de Barros JLVM, Teixeira AL, Moreira FA, de Miranda AS. Role of cytokine and neurotrophic factors in nicotine addiction in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136235. [PMID: 34508846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cigarette smoking and nicotine reward remain unclear. Immune response might play an important role in this context. Nicotine may induce both central and systemic inflammatory responses as well as changes in the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The conditioned place preference (CPP) is a method used for the evaluation of nicotine-induced reward, reproducing nicotine-seeking behavior in humans. So far, there are no studies investigating the relationship between neuroinflammation and nicotine-induced CPP. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors in key areas of the central nervous system (CNS) of mice subject to nicotine-induced CPP. CPP was induced with an intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg/kg of nicotine in male Swiss mice, using an unbiased protocol. Control group received vehicle by the same route. The levels of cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the brain after CPP test. As expected, nicotine induced place preference behavior. In parallel, we observed increased peripheral levels of IL-6 and IL-10 alongside increased hippocampal levels of NGF but decreased GDNF in mice treated with nicotine compared to controls. In the striatum, nicotine promoted decrease of IL-1ß, IL-10 and GDNF levels, while the levels of all the mediators were similar between groups in the pre-frontal cortex. Our results provide evidence on the role of cytokines and neurotrophic factors in nicotine-induced CPP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Luciana de Paula Rosa
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Laila Asth
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Rana R, Perrillo T, Santoro N, Ortolani F, Messina R, Resta M, Perrucci I, Ingravallo G, Cazzato G, Grassi M, Pesce S, Signorelli F. A Rare Case of Posterior Fossa Tumor and Central Precocious Puberty: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature. Neurol Int 2021; 13:535-540. [PMID: 34698255 PMCID: PMC8544465 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a condition that causes early gonadotropin-dependent sexual development; CPP is idiopathic in girls in most cases, whereas more than 50% of boys have an identifiable etiology. We conducted a qualitative systematic review following the ENTREQ (enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research) framework. A search was made in MEDLINE/Pubmed and MeSH Database using the terms "precocious puberty" AND "brain tumor" OR "posterior fossa tumor" OR "cerebellar tumor" OR "infratentorial tumor", identifying five cases of pediatric patients with infratentorial tumors and CPP and a case of cerebellar ganglioglioma without hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis involvement and/or intracranial hypertension. Our work highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and extensive central nervous system imaging for patients presenting with CPP in order to detect possible tumor association. Moreover, we believe that this manuscript could contribute to stimulate other research because the exact mechanism of CPP in infratentorial brain lesions has not been understood yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rana
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (T.P.); (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Teresa Perrillo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (T.P.); (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (T.P.); (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Ortolani
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Raffaella Messina
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy or
- Correspondence: or (R.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Mariachiara Resta
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilenia Perrucci
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation—Section of Pathology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation—Section of Pathology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: or (R.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Massimo Grassi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (T.P.); (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Sabino Pesce
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy or
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50
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Kurrikoff K, Oskolkov N, Eriste E, Langel Ü. Design and Synthesis of a Peptide-Based Glioma-Targeted Drug Delivery Vector gHope2. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2355:117-29. [PMID: 34386955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1617-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In the current chapter, we are detailing the synthesis path of a tumor-targeted, CPP-functionalized chemotherapeutic drug, as well as in vitro validation of the targeting and cell penetrating functionalities of the construct. The design of targeted drug delivery vehicle is based on a new glioma-specific homing peptide that has been conjugated to doxorubicin. Further functionalization with an 18-amino acid cell penetrating peptide pVEC was achieved, a CPP that was chosen because of its high cell penetrating efficacy and low toxicity. The three elements were combined into one drug delivery construct gHope2, and its tumor-homing and cell penetrating activity was demonstrated in human glioma cell line U87.
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