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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Mirzazadeh S, Bemani P, Halimi H, Sanaee MN, Karami N, Ramzi M, Farjadian S. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their cognate HLA class I ligands with susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia in Iranian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11456. [PMID: 37454198 PMCID: PMC10349836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent leukemia in adults. Among the various NK receptors, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) carry out indispensable roles in NK cell development and function through engaging with class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-I) as their ligands. Besides divergent KIR and HLA loci, KIR/HLA-I combinations have a significant effect on NK cell response. In this case-control study, we aimed to verify the association of KIR/HLA-I combinations with susceptibility to AML in the Southwestern Iranian population. KIR and HLA genotyping was performed with PCR-SSP by some novel primers for 181 patients with AML and 181 healthy controls. According to our results, the frequencies of KIR3DS1 (p = 0.0001, OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.51-3.58), KIR2DS4fl (p = 0.02, OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.21), CxT4 genotypes (p = 0.03, OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.05-3.82), and T4 gene cluster (p = 0.01, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.17-3.41) were significantly higher in patients than controls, while C1/C2 genotype (p = 0.00002, OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.61), HLA-A Bw4 (p = 0.02, OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.38-0.94), and HLA-A*11 (p = 0.03, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95) alleles were more frequent in controls. In addition, inhibitory (i)KIR/HLA-I combinations analysis revealed higher frequencies of KIR2DL1( +)/HLA-C2( +), KIR2DL2/3( +)/HLA-C1( +), KIR3DL1( +)/HLA-A Bw4( +), and KIR3DL2( +)/HLA-A*03/11( +) in the control group (p = 0.002, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.3-0.78; p = 0.04, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99; p = 0.04, OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.4-0.99; and p = 0.03, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.4-0.95, respectively). Overall, the number of iKIR/HLA-I combinations was more in the control group. Moreover, KIR3DS1( +)/HLA-B Bw4Ile80( +) and the sum of HLA-B Bw4/A Bw4 combined with KIR3DS1 as activating KIR/HLA-I combinations were more frequent among patients than controls (p = 0.01, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.14-3.49 and p = 0.005, OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.22-3.19, respectively). In conclusion, our results postulate that inhibitory combinations play a protective role against AML by developing potent NK cells during education. It is noteworthy that KIR/HLA-I combination studies can be applicable in donor selection for allogeneic NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mirzazadeh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Halimi
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabi Sanaee
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karami
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Bemani P, Jalili S, Hassanpour K, Faraji F, Gholijani N, Barazesh M, Mohammadi M, Farnoosh G. Designing and Characterization of Tregitope-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Multiple Sclerosis: An Immunoinformatic Approach. Curr Drug Saf 2023; 18:79-92. [PMID: 35507799 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220429105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS). It is widely accepted that the development and progression of MS result from aberrant activation of potentially encephalitogenic reactive-T cells against CNS antigens. The pathologic roles of both CD4+ (T helper; Th) and CD8+ T cells have been demonstrated in MS lesions. OBJECTIVE In the present work, we applied a series of bioinformatics tools to design a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting Tregitope-based multi-epitope vaccine for MS to induce tolerance in pathogenic myelin-specific T cells. METHODS The 3D structure of anti-DEC205 scFv and the remaining part of the vaccine were modeled by ROSIE Antibody server and ITASSER software, respectively. AIDA web server (ab initio domain assembly server) was applied to assemble two parts of the vaccine and build the full construct. Following modeled structure refinement and validation, physicochemical properties, and allergenicity of the vaccine were assessed. In the final step, in silico cloning was done to ensure high-level expression in the desired host. RESULTS This vaccine consists of three main parts; 1) Anti-DEC205 scFv antibody, 2) multiepitope vaccine part composed of multiple pathogenic CD4+, and CD8+ T cell epitopes originated from multiple known antigens in MS patients, as well as T-regulatory (Treg)-inducing epitopes (Tregitopes), and 3) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). All parts of the final vaccine were joined together with the help of proper linkers. After vaccine construction, the three-D structure, as well as different physicochemical and immunological features of the vaccine were predicted. Finally, in silico gene cloning was also carried out to assure efficient production of protein vaccine in Escherichia coli K12 expression strain. CONCLUSION Computational study revealed that this vaccination can regulate MS disease progression and even relapse by harnessing pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kazem Hassanpour
- Medical School, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fouziyeh Faraji
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi M, Bemani P. In Silico Prediction And Evaluation of Human Parainfluenza Virus-3
CD4+ T Cell Epitopes. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 19:163-175. [PMID: 36475332 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666221205122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Human parainfluenza viruses type 3 (HPIV-3) through bronchiolitis and pneumonia is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections. It is the main cause of hospitalization of infants and young children and also one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised and transplant patients. Despite many efforts, there is currently no specific anti-HPIV-3 drug or approved vaccine to prevent and control the virus. Identification of HPIV-3 epitopes with the capability of binding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules can be helpful in designing new vaccine candidates against HPIV-3 infection, and also can be useful for the in vitro stimulation and proliferation of HPIV-3-specific T cells for transplant and immunocompromised patients.
Objective:
To predict and comprehensively evaluate CD4+T cell epitope (HLA-II binders) from four main HPIV-3 antigens.
Method:
In the present work, we predicted and comprehensively evaluated CD4+T cell epitope (HLA-II binders) from four main HPIV-3 antigens, including fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), nucleocapsid (N) and matrix (M) proteins using bio- and immuno-informatics software. The toxicity, allergenicity, Blast screening and population coverage of the predicted epitopes were evaluated. The binding ability of the final selected epitopes was evaluated via a docking study.
Results:
After several filtering steps, including blast screening, toxicity and allergenicity assay, population coverage and docking study, 9 epitopes were selected as candidate epitopes. The selected epitopes showed high population coverage and docking studies revealed a significantly higher binding affinity for the final epitopes in comparison with the negative control peptides.
Conclusion:
The final selected epitopes could be useful in designing vaccine candidates and for the treatment of immune-compromised individuals and patients with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rashidi S, Faraji SN, Mamaghani AJ, Hatam S, Kazemi B, Bemani P, Tabaei SJS, Hatam G. Bioinformatics analysis for the purpose of designing a novel multi-epitope DNA vaccine against Leishmania major. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18119. [PMID: 36302830 PMCID: PMC9612607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the main infectious diseases worldwide. In the midst of all the different forms of the disease, Cutaneous Leishmania (CL) has the highest incidence in the world. Many trial vaccines have been developed with the purpose of generating long-term cell-mediated immunity to Leishmania(L) major. As there is not any multi-epitope DNA vaccine with high efficacy against L.major, the aim of this study is to design a new multi-epitope DNA vaccine in order to have effective control upon this infectious disease through the immune bioinformatics. The L.major antigens: Gp63, LACK, TSA, LmSTI1and KMP11 were selected to design a multi-epitope DNA vaccine. The initial structure of the DNA vaccine was designed, benefiting from Gen Bank's website information. Epitopes of MHC-I antigens were predicted through the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), and the selected epitopes were used to make vaccines construct along with linkers. New multi-epitope vaccine including 459 nucleic acids designed, and inserted between BamH1 and HindIII restriction sites of pCDNA3.1 mammalian expression vector. 12 epitopes among the chosen antigens were selected by two servers (IEDB and ANTIGEN). They had high stability and high antigenic power. Physicochemical features of vaccine measured by ProtParam server, and this structure was thermostable and hydrophilic. it's a suitable model to study on the animal and human phases. The designed vaccine is expected to be an effective candidate through development of (CL) vaccines. However, the effectiveness of this vaccine should also evaluate in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Rashidi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Nooreddin Faraji
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
- grid.411600.2Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hatam
- Science and Technology Park of Fars, ExirBitanic Company, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- grid.411600.2Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Immunology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- grid.411600.2Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Science and Technology Park of Fars, ExirBitanic Company, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698 Basic Sciences in Infectious diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abuei H, Pirouzfar M, Mojiri A, Behzad-Behbahani A, Kalantari T, Bemani P, Farhadi A. Maximizing the recovery of the native p28 bacterial peptide with improved activity and maintained solubility and stability in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106560. [PMID: 36031157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p28 is a natural bacterial product, which recently has attracted much attention as an efficient cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and a promising anticancer agent. Considering the interesting biological qualities of p28, maximizing its expression appears to be a prominent priority. The optimization of such bioprocesses might be facilitated by utilizing statistical approaches such as Design of Experiment (DoE). In this study, we aimed to maximize the expression of "biologically active" p28 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) host by harnessing statistical tools and experimental methods. Using Minitab, Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) designs were generated to optimize the conditions for the expression of p28. Each condition was experimentally investigated by assessing the biological activity of the purified p28 in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Seven independent variables were investigated, and three of them including ethanol concentration, OD600 of the culture at the time of induction, and the post-induction temperature were demonstrated to significantly affect the p28 expression in E. coli. The cytotoxicity, penetration efficiency, and total process time were measured as dependent variables. The optimized expression conditions were validated experimentally, and the final products were investigated in terms of expression yield, solubility, and stability in vitro. Following the optimization, an 8-fold increase of the concentration of p28 expression was observed. In this study, we suggest an optimized combination of effective factors to produce soluble p28 in the E. coli host, a protocol that results in the production of a significantly high amount of the biologically active peptide with retained solubility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Abuei
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pirouzfar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mojiri
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kalantari
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mohammadi M, Taheri RA, Bemani P, Hashemzadeh MS, Farnoosh G, Amini R. Utilization of SUMO Tag and Freeze-thawing Method for a High-level
Expression and Solubilization of Recombinant Human Angiotensinconverting
Enzyme 2 (rhACE2) Protein in E. coli. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:605-610. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220715101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor
for entering the host cells. Production of the ACE2 molecule is important because of its potency to
use as a blocker and therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2 for the prophylaxis and treatment of
COVID-19.
Objective:
The recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is prone to form an inclusion body when
expressed in the bacterial cells.
Method:
We used the SUMO tag fused to the rhACE2 molecule to increase the expression level
and solubility of the fusion protein. Afterward, the freeze-thawing method plus 2 M urea solubilized
aggregated proteins. Subsequently, the affinity of solubilized rhACE2 to the receptor binding
domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike was assayed by ELISA and SPR methods.
Results:
SUMO protein succeeded in increasing the expression level but not solubilization of the
fusion protein. The freeze-thawing method could solubilize and recover the aggregated fusion
proteins significantly. Also, ELISA and SPR assays confirmed the interaction between solubilized
rhACE2 and RBD with high affinity.
Conclusion:
The SUMO tag and freeze-thawing method would be utilized for high-level expression
and solubilization of recombinant rhACE2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of
Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Bemani P, Moazen S, Nadimi E, Nejatollahi F. Development of Human Recombinant Antibodies Against ROR1 Tumor Antigen. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:282-288. [PMID: 36164620 PMCID: PMC9455193 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal antigen expressed on many types of cancer cells, but not normal adult cells. ROR1 antigen contributes to cancer development and progression by several signaling pathways. ROR1 expression has been associated with tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. In this study specific human recombinant antibodies were selected against ROR1 antigen for their use in cancer immunotherapy. METHODS Phage display technology was used to produce phage antibody from a human scFv library. Phage concentration was determined to confirm the phage rescue process. Panning procedure was performed to isolate specific scFv clones against ROR1 epitope. Phage ELISA was done to evaluate the reactivity of the selected scFvs. RESULTS Two specific human scFvs with frequencies of 20% and 25% were selected against ROR1 peptide. The antibodies showed specific reaction to the corresponding epitopes in phage ELISA. DISCUSSION Cancer targeted therapy using human specific antibodies is a new strategy, which is used in cancer therapy. The selected specific scFvs that target ROR1 epitope are human antibodies that originated from a human library and have the potential to be used in clinic in cancer immunotherapy of ROR1 positive tumors without induction of human anti mouse antibody (HAMA) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran.
| | - Setareh Moazen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada.
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran.
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran.
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Sisakht M, Bemani P, Ghadim MBA, Rahimi A, Sakhteman A. PyProtModel: An easy to use GUI for comparative protein modeling. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 112:108134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Daryabor G, Amirghofran Z, Gholijani N, Bemani P. Obesity and adipose tissue-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:1217-1231. [PMID: 35168514 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220215110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, neuronal loss, and permanent neurological impairments. The etiology of MS is not clearly understood but genetics and environmental factors can affect the susceptibility of individuals. Obesity or a body mass index of (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 is associated with serious health consequences such as lipid profile abnormalities, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced levels of vitamin D and a systemic low-grade inflammatory state that can affect the CNS and promote the pathogenesis of MS. This is due in part to the increased blood-brain barrier permeability by the actions of adipose tissue-derived cytokines or adipokines. Pro-inflammatory adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin by crossing the blood-brain barrier activate the CNS-resident immune cells, promote the inflammatory responses, and subsequently, demyelinating lesions occur in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, a better knowledge of the roles of adipokines in the induction of obesity-related chronic inflammation and subsequent events leading to dysfunctional blood-brain barrier is of considerable importance. In this review, recent evidence regarding the possible roles of obesity and its related systemic low-grade inflammation, as well as the roles of adipokines and their genetic variants in the modulation of immune responses and altered blood-brain barrier permeability in MS patients has been elucidated. Besides, the results of the current studies regarding the potential use of adipokines in predicting MS disease severity and response to treatment have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Joulaei H, Keshani P, Ashourpour M, Bemani P, Amiri S, Rahimi J, Aliakbarpour M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The prevalence of stunting among children and adolescents living in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 11:04070. [PMID: 35003712 PMCID: PMC8711751 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the strategic importance of the MENA, the state of war and inequity in the region and its effect on malnutrition which leads to mortality and reduced economic development in this region, the current study purposed to examine the prevalence of stunting as an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the MENA region, with consideration given HDI, rural/urban area, and war-involved countries. Methods The electronic databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science, and Embase were systematically searched, and English-language articles published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019 were included in this study. The POLIS (population, outcome, location, indicator, study design) criteria were used to perform the systematic review, and studies involving children 2 to 18 years of age were selected. Results Fifty-eight (n = 2 202 869) were included based on the study's inclusion criteria. The prevalence of stunting in children in the total MENA region was 22.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.4-23.6; I2 = 99.92%, P < 0.0001). The studies included in the meta-analysis were analyzed by subgroups. The pooled prevalence of stunting in children aged 2-5 years old and children aged 6 and older was 25.7% and 16.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of stunting was 34.1% in rural and 12.4% in urban areas. The pooled prevalence of stunting according to HDI was 30.1%, 28.5%, 13.1%, in low, medium, and high HDI countries, respectively. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of stunting according to war status was 28.5% in war-involved countries vs 20.6% in others. Conclusions High prevalence of malnutrition was seen based on stunting indicator in the meta-analysis study in the MENA region, and this issue became more pronounced when the data was divided into subgroups based on age, residential area, and HDI. Inequality regarding social, economic, and political factors leads to significant malnutrition in the mentioned region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Joulaei
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Ashourpour
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Health School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Rahimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarpour
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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12
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Miri HH, Fazeli P, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Bemani P, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. Correlation between IL-28 polymorphism and spontaneous clearance in HCV patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2469-2478. [PMID: 34216268 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global health issue. Nearly 20% of HCV patients spontaneously clear the virus. While some studies have shown an association of spontaneous clearance (SC) of the virus with interleukin (IL) 28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), others did not show such a relationship. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of IL28B polymorphisms (12979860 SNP) with SC of HCV infection. Upon initial screening of the databases, a total of 545 articles were retrieved, of which 22 studies that met predefined eligibility criteria were entered into the meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (95% CI), heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were assessed. According to the meta-analysis results, a significant association was observed between the rs12979860 SNP and SC of HCV infection. The results indicated that the ORs of SC from hepatitis C virus infection were 2.75 times higher in those with cytokine gene polymorphisms (95% CI, 2.23 to 3.38). Moreover, it was found that the prevalence of rs12979860 CC was 0.33 with 95 CI 0.28-0.38 in genotype 1 and was 0.40 with 95 CI 0.34-0.47 in other genotypes. Our meta-analysis results suggest that IL28B rs12979860 CC is a strong predictor for SC of hepatitis C infection in PEG IFN-a/RBV-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Heidarian Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pooria Fazeli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Bemani P, Eklund KK, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Kabelitz D, Schmidt RE, Meri S, Kalantar K. Proportion of T follicular helper cells in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:667-680. [PMID: 33853479 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1915770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Alterations in the levels and activity of Tfh may lead to impaired immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion and types of Tfh cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of RA patients.Areas covered:Comprehensive databases were searched for studies evaluating the proportion of Tfh cells in the PB of patients with RA compared to healthy control (HCs).The proportion of Tfh cells in RA patients was significantly higher than in HCs (SMD 0.699, [0.513, 0.884], p < 0.0001). Furthermore, Tfh cells proportion in untreated-RA and early-RA patients was markedly greater than HCs, when comparisons done without considering the definition markers, and also when Tfh cells were defined by the specified definition markers. While the proportion of Tfh cells by all definitions was higher in active-RA compared to HCs, analysis of two definitions, CD4+CXCR5+ and CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+, didn't show significant differences. Furthermore, higher proportion of Tfh cells defined by all definitions and a specified definition (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1high) was observed when S+RA compared to S-RA patients.Expert opinion:The results demonstrate that circulating Tfh are highly elevated in RA patients highlights its potential use as a biomarker and a target for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | | | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Klinik Für Immunologie Und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mohammadi M, Fouladvand F, Bemani P, Amini R, Jalilian FA. Withdrawal Notice: EnzyPha, an Engineered Helper Phage Developed to Overcome Most of the Limitations Regarding Filamentous Phage Titration and ELISA Tests. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:PPL-EPUB-111336. [PMID: 33172367 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201110124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Protein & Peptide Letters. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policiesmain. php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Faezeh Fouladvand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan. Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan. Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan. Iran
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15
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Asadipour M, Fazeli P, Zohouri M, Bemani P, Mohebbiniya M, Khansalar S, Fattahi MR, Kalantar K. IL-18 in Blood Serum of Hepatitis C Patients Might be of Predictive Value for Individual Outcomes. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:389-393. [PMID: 32634083 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200707113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro- inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin (IL)-18 have been shown to be involved in the clearance of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, changes in the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production during the immune response, can elicit a variety of liver damages. Therefore, it is of interest to study IL-18 serum levels in hepatitis patients and its correlation with HCV infection. METHODS Twenty-nine newly diagnosed HCV+ patients with no history of antiviral therapy, and 17 healthy controls, were enrolled in our study. Biochemical markers of liver disease were evaluated by biochemistry assay kits. Serum concentrations of IL-18 were determined with the ELISA method before and after treatment with pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment. RESULTS Our results showed statistically significant difference in serum levels of IL-18 in HCV+ patients (692.261 ± 48.76) compared to healthy controls (520.00 ± 44.73) (P=0.021). However, there was no significant difference in IL-18 serum levels between the treated group compared to untreated patients (P=0.74). No significant correlations were detected between the level of IL-18 and liver enzyme levels. CONCLUSION According to our study, IL-18 might be a disease marker associated with HCV infection; however, this conclusion requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Asadipour
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooria Fazeli
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Zohouri
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohebbiniya
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soolmaz Khansalar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Bemani P, Amirghofran Z, Mohammadi M. Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum by in silico approaches. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 99:107645. [PMID: 32454399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria disease and is the major cause of infection-related mortalities in the world. Due to increasing in P. falciparum resistance to the first-line antimalarial drugs, an effective vaccine for the control and elimination of malaria infection is urgent. Because the pathogenesis of malaria disease results from blood-stage infection, and all of the symptoms and clinical illness of malaria occur during this stage, there is a strong rationale to develop vaccine against this stage. In the present study, different structural-vaccinology and immuno informatics tools were applied to design an effective antibody-inducing multi-epitope vaccine against the blood-stage of P. falciparum. The designed multi-epitope vaccine was composed of three main parts including B cell epitopes, T helper (Th) cell epitopes, and two adjuvant motives (HP91 and RS09), which were linked to each other via proper linkers. B cell and T cell epitopes were derived from four protective antigens expressed on the surface of merozoites, which are critical to invade the erythrocytes. HP91 and RS09 adjuvants and Th cell epitopes were used to induce, enhance and direct the best form of humoral immune-response against P. falciparum surface merozoite antigens. The vaccine construct was modeled, and after model quality evaluation and refinement by different software, the high-quality 3D-structure model of the vaccine was achieved. Analysis of immunological and physicochemical features of the vaccine showed acceptable results. We believe that this multi-epitope vaccine can be effective for preventing malaria disease caused by P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bemani P, Amirghofran Z, Kamali-Sarvestani E. In Vitro Effects of Sodium Benzoate on the Expression of T Cells-related Cytokines and Transcription Factors in Adjuvant-induced Arthritis Model. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 19:43-54. [PMID: 32534510 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i(s1.r1).2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Though the exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown, the contribution of immune cells in the disease process is completely acknowledged. T helper (Th) 1 and Th17-related cytokines are required for the disease development and progression, while Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs)-derived cytokines are protective. Studies have shown that sodium benzoate (NaB) can switch the balance of Th cell subsets toward Th2 and Tregs. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of NaB on the expression of CD4+T cells-related cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes derived from an animal model of RA, adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). AIA was induced in rats by injection of Freund's adjuvant containing mycobacterial antigens (Mtb). Splenocytes were isolated from AIA rats and restimulated ex vivo with Mtb in the presence or absence of NaB for 24 h. To determine the effects of NaB on the expression of T cells-related cytokine and transcription factor genes, real-time PCR was performed. NaB treatment of Mtb-stimulated splenocytes derived from arthritic rats resulted in significant increases in the gene expressions of Tregs-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and Foxp3 transcription factor, and significant decreases in the expression of Th1-related cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and the T-bet transcription factor. The ratios of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4), Th1/Treg (IFN-γ/TGF-β and IFN-γ/IL-10) and Th17/Treg (IL-17/IL-10 and IL-17/IL-10+TGF-β)-related cytokines were also significantly decreased. In conclusion, NaB can potentially be considered as a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA and other Th1 and Th17-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
The most common recombinant antibody format is the single chain fragment variable (scFv) which it contains the complete antigen-binding domains of an intact antibody. ScFv fragments have found vast medical and non-medical applications. Several approaches have been employed to increase the affinity, avidity and structural stability related to these antibody fragments. Most approaches related to scFv improvement have been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hakakian
- Faculty Member of Production and Research Complex of Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Aim: Immunotoxins are proteins that consist of an antibody fragment linked to a toxin, used as agents for targeted
therapy of cancers. Although the most potent immunotoxins are made from bacterial and plant toxins, obstacles which
contribute to poor responses are immunogenicity in patients and rapid development of neutralizing antibodies. In the
present study we proposed a new therapeutic immunotoxin for targeted cancer therapy of ROR1 expressing cancers:
an anti ROR1 single chain fragment variable antibody (scFv)-endonuclease G (anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG). Methods:
The three-dimensional structure of anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG protein was modeled and structure validation tools were
employed to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the developed model. In addition, stability and integrity of the
model were assessed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Results: All results suggested the protein model to
be acceptable and of good quality. Conclusions: Anti-ROR1 scFv-EndoG would be expected to bind to the ROR1
extracellular domain by its scFv portion and selectively deliver non-immunogenic human endonuclease G enzyme as
an end-stage apoptosis molecule into ROR1-expressing cancer cells and lead rapidly to apoptosis. We believe that anti
ROR1 and other anti-tumor antigen scFv-EndoG forms may be helpful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,
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Raeisi Shahraki H, Bemani P, Jalali M. Classification of Bladder Cancer Patients via Penalized Linear
Discriminant Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1453-1457. [PMID: 28612601 PMCID: PMC5555561 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: In order to identify genes with the greatest contribution to bladder cancer, we proposed a sparse model
making the best discrimination from other patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 22 genes with a key role in
most cancers were considered in 21 bladder cancer patients and 14 participants of the same age (± 3 years) without
bladder cancer in Shiraz city, Southern Iran. Real time-PCR was carried out using SYBR Green and for each of the 22
target genes 2-Δct as a quantitative index of gene expression was reported. We determined the most affective genes for the
discriminant vector by applying penalized linear discriminant analysis using LASSO penalties. All the analyses were
performed using SPSS version 18 and the penalized LDA package in R.3.1.3 software. Results: Using penalized linear
discriminant analysis led to elimination of 13 less important genes. Considering the simultaneous effects of 22 genes
with important influence on many cancers, it was found that TGFβ, IL12A, Her2, MDM2, CTLA-4 and IL-23 genes
had the greatest contribution in classifying bladder cancer patients with the penalized linear discriminant vector. The
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the proposed vector had good performance with minimal
(only 3) mis- classification. The area under the curve (AUC) of our proposed test was 96% (95% CI: 83%- 100%) and
sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 90.5%, 85.7%, 90.5% and 85.7%, respectively.
Conclusions: The penalized discriminant method can be considered as appropriate for classifying bladder cancer cases
and searching for important biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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