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Zheng M, Zhu T, Chen B, Zhao H, Lu X, Lu Q, Ni M, Cheng L, Han H, Ye T, Ye Y, Liu H, Huang C. Intranasal Monophosphoryl Lipid a Administration Ameliorates depression-like Behavior in Chronically Stressed Mice Through Stimulation of Microglia. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3160-3176. [PMID: 37358676 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported that systematic stimulation of the central innate immune system by a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can improve depression-like behavior in chronically stressed animals. However, it is unclear whether similar stimulation by intranasal administration could improve depression-like behavior in animals. We investigated this question using monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of LPS that lacks the adverse effects of LPS but is still immuno-stimulatory. We found that a single intranasal administration of MPL at a dose of 10 or 20 µg/mouse, but not at a dose of 5 µg/mouse, ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test and the increase in sucrose intake in sucrose preference test. In the time-dependent analysis, the antidepressant-like effect of a single intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) was observed 5 and 8 h but not 3 h after drug administration and persisted for at least 7 days. Fourteen days after the first intranasal MPL administration, a second intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) still showed an antidepressant-like effect. The innate immune response mediated by microglia might mediate the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration, because both inhibition of microglial activation by pretreatment with minocycline and depletion of microglia by pretreatment with PLX3397 prevented the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration. These results suggest that intranasal administration of MPL can produce significant antidepressant-like effects in animals under chronic stress conditions via stimulation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxie Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Raschick M, Richter A, Fischer L, Knopf L, Schult A, Yakupov R, Behnisch G, Guttek K, Düzel E, Dunay IR, Seidenbecher CI, Schraven B, Reinhold D, Schott BH. Plasma concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β are associated with hippocampal structure related to explicit memory performance in older adults. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02638-1. [PMID: 37115329 PMCID: PMC10374779 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Human cognitive abilities, and particularly hippocampus-dependent memory performance typically decline with increasing age. Immunosenescence, the age-related disintegration of the immune system, is increasingly coming into the focus of research as a considerable factor contributing to cognitive decline. In the present study, we investigated potential associations between plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and learning and memory performance as well as hippocampal anatomy in young and older adults. Plasma concentrations of the inflammation marker CRP as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 were measured in 142 healthy adults (57 young, 24.47 ± 4.48 years; 85 older, 63.66 ± 7.32 years) who performed tests of explicit memory (Verbal Learning and Memory Test, VLMT; Wechsler Memory Scale, Logical Memory, WMS) with an additional delayed recall test after 24 h. Hippocampal volumetry and hippocampal subfield segmentation were performed using FreeSurfer, based on T1-weighted and high-resolution T2-weighted MR images. When investigating the relationship between memory performance, hippocampal structure, and plasma cytokine levels, we found that TGF-β1 concentrations were positively correlated with the volumes of the hippocampal CA4-dentate gyrus region in older adults. These volumes were in turn positively associated with better performance in the WMS, particularly in the delayed memory test. Our results support the notion that endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms may act as protective factors in neurocognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Raschick
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Larissa Fischer
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lea Knopf
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Schult
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gusalija Behnisch
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karina Guttek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
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Kim HY, Back DB, Choi BR, Choi DH, Kwon KJ. Rodent Models of Post-Stroke Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810750. [PMID: 36142661 PMCID: PMC9501431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications in stroke survivors. Concomitant vascular risk factors, including aging, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or underlying pathologic conditions, such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, white matter hyperintensities, or Alzheimer’s disease pathology, can predispose patients to develop post-stroke dementia (PSD). Given the various clinical conditions associated with PSD, a single animal model for PSD is not possible. Animal models of PSD that consider these diverse clinical situations have not been well-studied. In this literature review, diverse rodent models that simulate the various clinical conditions of PSD have been evaluated. Heterogeneous rodent models of PSD are classified into the following categories: surgical technique, special structure, and comorbid condition. The characteristics of individual models and their clinical significance are discussed in detail. Diverse rodent models mimicking the specific pathomechanisms of PSD could provide effective animal platforms for future studies investigating the characteristics and pathophysiology of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7563; Fax: +82-2-2030-5169
| | - Dong Bin Back
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
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Li F, Lu X, Ma Y, Gu Y, Ye T, Huang C. Monophosphoryl Lipid A Tolerance Against Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:399-411. [PMID: 35015863 PMCID: PMC9154281 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Our recent studies reported that a single injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before stress exposure prevents depression-like behaviors in stressed mice. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is a derivative of LPS that lacks the undesirable properties of LPS. We hypothesize that MPL can exert a prophylactic effect on depression. METHODS The experimental mice were pre-injected with MPL before stress exposure. Depression in mice was induced through chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Behavioral tests were conducted to identify depression-like behaviors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and biochemical assays were performed to examine the gene and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS A single MPL injection 1 day before stress exposure at the dosages of 400, 800, and 1600 μg/kg but not 200 μg/kg prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. This effect of MPL, however, vanished with the extension of the interval time between drug injection and stress exposure from 1 day or 5 days to 10 days, which was rescued by a second MPL injection 10 days after the first MPL injection or by a 4× MPL injection 10 days before stress exposure. A single MPL injection (800 μg/kg) before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced increases in the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Pre-inhibiting the innate immune stimulation by minocycline pretreatment (40 mg/kg) abrogated the preventive effect of MPL on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in animal brains. CONCLUSIONS MPL, through innate immune stimulation, prevents stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by preventing neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Correspondence: Chao Huang, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China ()
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Li F, Xiang H, Gu Y, Ye T, Lu X, Huang C. Innate immune stimulation by monophosphoryl lipid A prevents chronic social defeat stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:12. [PMID: 34996472 PMCID: PMC8742352 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immune pre-stimulation can prevent the development of depression-like behaviors in chronically stressed mice; however, whether the same stimulation prevents the development of anxiety-like behaviors in animals remains unclear. We addressed this issue using monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that lacks undesirable properties of LPS but still keeps immune-enhancing activities. Methods The experimental mice were pre-injected intraperitoneally with MPL before stress exposure. Depression was induced through chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Behavioral tests were conducted to identify anxiety-like behaviors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical assays were employed to examine the gene and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers. Results A single MPL injection at the dose of 400 and 800 μg/kg 1 day before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, and a single MPL injection (400 μg/kg) five but not 10 days before stress exposure produced similar effect. The preventive effect of MPL on anxiety-like behaviors was also observed in CSDS mice who received a second MPL injection 10 days after the first MPL injection or a 4 × MPL injection 10 days before stress exposure. MPL pre-injection also prevented the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in CSDS mice, and inhibiting the central immune response by minocycline pretreatment abrogated the preventive effect of MPL on CSDS-induced anxiety-like behaviors and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions in the brain. Conclusions Pre-stimulation of the innate immune system by MPL can prevent chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou, 215028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Jiangsu, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Jiangsu, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Jiangsu, 226001, Nantong, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Jiangsu, 226001, Nantong, China.
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Leitner GR, Wenzel TJ, Marshall N, Gates EJ, Klegeris A. Targeting toll-like receptor 4 to modulate neuroinflammation in central nervous system disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:865-882. [PMID: 31580163 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1676416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse immune activation contributes to many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. All main CNS cell types express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4). This receptor is critical for a myriad of immune functions such as cytokine secretion and phagocytic activity of microglia; however, imbalances in TLR 4 activation can contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Areas covered: We considered available evidence implicating TLR 4 activation in the following CNS pathologies: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, multiple systems atrophy, and Huntington's disease. We reviewed studies reporting effects of TLR 4-specific antagonists and agonists in models of peripheral and CNS diseases from the perspective of possible future use of TLR 4 ligands in CNS disorders. Expert opinion: TLR 4-specific antagonists could suppress neuroinflammation by reducing overproduction of inflammatory mediators; however, they may interfere with protein clearance mechanisms and myelination. Agonists that specifically activate myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)-independent pathway of TLR 4 signaling could facilitate beneficial glial phagocytic activity with limited activity as inducers of proinflammatory mediators. Deciphering the disease stage-specific involvement of TLR 4 in CNS pathologies is crucial for the future clinical development of TLR 4 agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar R Leitner
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Nick Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
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Preconditioning with toll-like receptor agonists attenuates seizure activity and neuronal hyperexcitability in the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy. Neuroscience 2019; 408:388-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Kong L, Yao Y, Xia Y, Liang X, Ni Y, Yang J. Osthole alleviates inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:349-360. [PMID: 31056982 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1608560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurotrosis disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which has dramatic consequences on the integrity of damaged tissue. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and anti-inflammatory actions of osthole, a natural coumarin derivative, in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models. We first prepared a mouse model of cortical stab wound brain injury, investigated the capacity for osthole to prevent secondary brain injury and further examined the underlying mechanism. We revealed that osthole significantly improved the neurological function, increased the number of neurons beside injured site. Additionally, osthole treatment reduced the expression of microglia and glial scar, lowered the level of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, the protective effect of osthole was also examined in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to scratch injury. Treatment of osthole prominently suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors release by blocking injury-induced IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, and upregulated the IκB-α which functions in the NF-κB signaling pathway of SH-SY5Y cells. However, NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, the anti-inflammatory effect of osthole was abolished. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that osthole attenuated inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yang Xia
- b Department of Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Xicai Liang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Yingnan Ni
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- a School of Pharmacy , Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian , China
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Yousefi N, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Heshmati-Fakhr N, Sayyah M, Hoseini M, Ghassemi S, Aliakbari S, Pourbadie HG. Prestimulation of Microglia Through TLR4 Pathway Promotes Interferon Beta Expression in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:495-503. [PMID: 30610591 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers are the most common forms of Aβ in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They are highly toxic to the neurons but their capability to activate microglia remains controversial. Microglia develop two distinct phenotypes, classic (M1) and alternative (M2). Tuning of microglia to the alternative (anti-inflammatory) state is of major interest in treatment of neuroinflammatory disease. This study aimed to assess tuning the microglia to produce interferon beta (IFN-β) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine through TLR4 pathway in a rat model of AD. Microglial BV-2 cells were treated with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), or vehicles for 24 h, and then incubated with Aβ oligomer. After 24 h, cell pellets were harvested and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and IFN-β levels were measured. The ligands/vehicle were microinjected into the right ventricle of male Wistar rats every 3 days. Two weeks later, an osmotic pump filled with oligomeric Aβ/vehicle was implanted in the left ventricle. After 2 weeks, TRIF, IRF3, and IFN-β levels were measured in the hippocampal tissue. TNF-α and IFN-β levels were assessed in the hippocampus using immunohistochemistry. The oligomeric Aβ did not change TRIF, IRF3, and IFN-β levels in both cell culture and hippocampal tissue. However, pretreatment with LPS or MPL increased the level of these proteins. BV-2 cells morphologically express M1 state in presence of higher dose of Aβ oligomer (10 μM). Pretreatment with LPS or MPL decreased the TNF-α and increased the number of IFN-β positive cells in the hippocampus of Aβ-treated rats. In conclusion, pretreatment with low dose TLR4 agonists could induce microglia to produce neuroprotective cytokines including IFN-β which may be considered as a potential strategy to combat neuronal degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Yousefi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nooshin Heshmati-Fakhr
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hoseini
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Ghassemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Triggering microglia through toll-like receptor 2 pathway induced interferon β expression in cell and animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1456-1462. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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