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Cieślik P, Rafało-Ulińska A, Wierońska JM. Prevention of MK-801-induced amnestic effect with combined activation of 5-HT 1A and muscarinic receptors in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 238:173749. [PMID: 38462045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic or 5-HT1A receptors are crucial in learning and memory processes, and their expression is evident in the brain areas involved in cognition. The administration of the activators of these receptors prevents the development of cognitive dysfunctions in animal models of schizophrenia induced by MK-801 (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) administration. GABAergic dysfunction is considered as one of the most important causes of MK-801-induced spatial learning deficits. METHODS Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to study the anti-amnestic effect of the biased 5-HT1A receptor agonist (F15599) alone or in combinations with VU0357017 (M1 receptor allosteric agonist), VU0152100 (M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator), and VU0238429 (M5 receptor positive allosteric modulator) on MK-801-induced dysfunctions. The compounds were administered for 5 consecutive days. Animals tested with the MWM underwent 5-day training. Western blotting was used to study the expressions of 5-HT1A receptors and the level of GAD65 in the frontal cortices (FCs) and hippocampi of the animals. RESULTS F15599 prevented the amnestic effect induced by MK-801 in the MWM at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The co-administration of the compound with muscarinic receptors activators had no synergistic effect. The additive effect of the combinations was evident in the prevention of declarative memory dysfunctions investigated in NOR. The administration of MK-801 impaired 5-HT1A expression in the hippocampi and decreased GAD65 levels in both the FCs and hippocampi. The administration of muscarinic ligands prevented these MK-801-induced deficits only in the hippocampi of MWM-trained animals. No effects of the compounds were observed in untrained mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that F15599 prevents schizophrenia-related spatial learning deficits in the MWM; however, the activity of the compound is not intensified with muscarinic receptors activators. In contrast, the combined administration of the ligands is effective in the NOR model of declarative memory. The muscarinic receptors activators reversed MK-801-induced 5-HT1A and GAD65 dysfunctions in the hippocampi of MWM-trained mice, but not in untrained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Asao K, Sonoda K, Kawaguchi SI, Kawazoe Y. 3-Amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carbonitrile: A fluorescent molecule that induces differentiation in PC12 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 101:117637. [PMID: 38368633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Neural differentiation is triggered by the activation of multiple signaling pathways initiated by various neurotrophic factors. An elucidation of these mechanisms is anticipated to facilitate the prevention of diseases and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Alternative small-molecule inducers for neuroscience studies are required instead of protein-based reagents for more efficient and convenient experiments. We demonstrated that small molecules of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives that induce neural differentiation, compounds 3a and 9a in particular, exhibited significant neuritogenic activity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Moreover, 3a displayed pronounced fluorescence and a discernible Stokes shift. Furthermore, the outcome of the experiment conducted on the NGF-insensitive clones of rat PC12 cells, and the results of the intercellular uptake analyses suggested that the 3a-mediated activation of neural differentiation occurred independently of the TrkA receptor. Therefore, 3a portrays potential applicability both as a small molecule reagent to replace novel neurotrophic factors and as a potent fluorescent reagent for various techniques, including bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Asao
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan
| | - Kento Sonoda
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kawaguchi
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan.
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Trojan E, Curzytek K, Cieślik P, Wierońska JM, Graff J, Lasoń W, Saito T, Saido TC, Basta-Kaim A. Prenatal stress aggravates age-dependent cognitive decline, insulin signaling dysfunction, and the pro-inflammatory response in the APP NL-F/NL-F mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106219. [PMID: 37422091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that early adverse life experiences may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prenatal stress (PS) can affect brain maturation and neuroimmune and metabolic interactions, leading to age-dependent cognitive deficits in offspring. However, a multi-faceted cause-and-effect impact of PS on the development of cognitive deficits in the process of physiological ageing and in the APPNL-F/NL-F mouse model of Alzheimer's disease has not yet been evaluated. We have identified age-dependent cognitive learning and memory deficits using male C57BL/6 J (wild type, WT) and the knock-in APPNL-F/NL-F (KI) aged 12, 15, and 18 months. An increase in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and mouse ApoE levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex preceded the onset of cognitive deficits in the KI mice. Moreover, dysfunction in insulin signaling, including increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in both brain areas and the tyrosine phosphorylation deficit in the frontal cortex, suggested age-dependent insulin/IGF-1 resistance. Resistance was reflected by disturbances in mTOR or ERK1/2 kinase phosphorylation and excessive pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23) status in the KI mice. Importantly, our study has provided insights into the higher vulnerability to PS-induced exacerbation of age-dependent cognitive deficits and biochemical dysfunction in KI mice than in WT animals. We anticipate our study will lead to future investigation of a multi-faceted cause-and-effect relationship between stress during neurodevelopment and the onset of AD pathology, distinguishing it from changes in the course of dementia during normal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Curzytek
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Johannes Graff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for psychotic disorders: bench-side to clinic. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:1098-1112. [PMID: 36273943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern interest in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activators for schizophrenia began in the 1990s when xanomeline, an M1/M4-preferring mAChR agonist developed for cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), had unexpected antipsychotic activity. However, strategies to address tolerability concerns associated with activation of peripheral mAChRs were not available at that time. The discovery of specific targeted ligands and combination treatments to reduce peripheral mAChR engagement have advanced the potential of mAChR activators as effective treatments for psychotic disorders. This review provides perspectives on the background of the identification of mAChRs as potential antipsychotics, advances in the preclinical understanding of mAChRs as targets, and the current state of mAChR activators under active clinical development for schizophrenia.
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
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Cieślik P, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Procognitive activity of nitric oxide inhibitors and donors in animal models. Nitric Oxide 2021; 119:29-40. [PMID: 34896554 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a small gaseous molecule that plays important roles in the majority of biological functions. Impairments of NO-related pathways contribute to the majority of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Cognitive decline is one of the most serious impairments accompanying both AD and schizophrenia. In the present study, the activities of NO donors, slow (spermine NONOate) or fast (DETANONOate) releasers, and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase N(ω)-propyl-l-arginine (NPLA) were investigated in pharmacological models of schizophrenia and AD. Cognitive impairments were induced by administration of MK-801 or scopolamine and were measured in novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The compounds were investigated at doses of 0.05-0.5 mg/kg. The dose-dependent effectiveness of all the compounds was observed in the NOR test, while only the highest doses of spermine NONOate and NPLA were active in the Y-maze test. DETANONOate was not active in the Y-maze test. The impact of the investigated compounds on motor coordination was tested at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Only NPLA at a dose of 1 mg/kg slightly disturbed motor coordination in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Consortium Poland (BBMRI.pl), Poland; BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Cieślik P, Siekierzycka A, Radulska A, Płoska A, Burnat G, Brański P, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms Underlying MK-801- or Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Animals: Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12282. [PMID: 34830164 PMCID: PMC8624219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor blocker, are widely used as tool compounds to induce learning and memory deficits in animal models to study schizophrenia or Alzheimer-type dementia (AD), respectively. Memory impairments are observed after either acute or chronic administration of either compound. The present experiments were performed to study the nitric oxide (NO)-related mechanisms underlying memory dysfunction induced by acute or chronic (14 days) administration of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of L-arginine and its derivatives, L-citrulline, L-glutamate, L-glutamine and L-ornithine, were measured. The expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthases (cNOS), dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH1) and protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PMRTs) 1 and 5 was evaluated, and the impact of the studied tool compounds on cGMP production and NMDA receptors was measured. The studies were performed in both the cortex and hippocampus of mice. S-nitrosylation of selected proteins, such as GLT-1, APP and tau, was also investigated. Our results indicate that the availability of L-arginine decreased after chronic administration of MK-801 or scopolamine, as both the amino acid itself as well as its level in proportion to its derivatives (SDMA and NMMA) were decreased. Additionally, among all three methylamines, SDMA was the most abundant in the brain (~70%). Administration of either compound impaired eNOS-derived NO production, increasing the monomer levels, and had no significant impact on nNOS. Both compounds elevated DDAH1 expression, and slight decreases in PMRT1 and PMRT5 in the cortex after scopolamine (acute) and MK-801 (chronic) administration were observed in the PFC, respectively. Administration of MK-801 induced a decrease in the cGMP level in the hippocampus, accompanied by decreased NMDA expression, while increased cGMP production and decreased NMDA receptor expression were observed after scopolamine administration. Chronic MK-801 and scopolamine administration affected S-nitrosylation of GLT-1 transport protein. Our results indicate that the analyzed tool compounds used in pharmacological models of schizophrenia or AD induce changes in NO-related pathways in the brain structures involved in cognition. To some extent, the changes resemble those observed in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (P.B.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomoleclular Resources Research Infrastructure Consortium Poland (BBMRI.pl), 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomoleclular Resources Research Infrastructure Consortium Poland (BBMRI.pl), 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Burnat
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Brański
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomoleclular Resources Research Infrastructure Consortium Poland (BBMRI.pl), 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna M. Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (P.C.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (P.B.)
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Abstract
GABAB receptors are implicated in numerous central nervous system-based behaviours and mechanisms, including cognitive processing in preclinical animal models. Homeostatic changes in the expression and function of these receptors across brain structures have been found to affect cognitive processing. Numerous preclinical studies have focused on the role of GABAB receptors in learning, memory and cognition per se with some interesting, although sometimes contradictory, findings. The majority of the existing clinical literature focuses on alterations in GABAB receptor function in conditions and disorders whose main symptomatology includes deficits in cognitive processing. The aim of this chapter is to delineate the role of GABAB receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease of animal models and human clinical populations. More specifically, this review aims to present literature on the role of GABAB receptors in animal models with cognitive deficits, especially those of learning and memory. Further, it aims to capture the progress and advances of research studies on the effects of GABAB receptor compounds in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions with cognitive dysfunctions. The neurodevelopmental conditions covered include autism spectrum disorders, fragile X syndrome and Down's syndrome and the neurodegenerative conditions discussed are Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and autoimmune anti-GABAB encephalitis. Although some findings are contradictory, results indicate a possible therapeutic role of GABAB receptor compounds for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and learning/memory impairments for some of these conditions, especially in neurodegeneration. Moreover, future research efforts should aim to develop selective GABAB receptor compounds with minimal, if any, side effects.
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Serotonergic-Muscarinic Interaction within the Prefrontal Cortex as a Novel Target to Reverse Schizophrenia-Related Cognitive Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168612. [PMID: 34445318 PMCID: PMC8395335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the activation of serotonergic 5-HT1A and muscarinic M1, M4, or M5 receptors prevent MK-801-induced cognitive impairments in animal models. In the present study, the effectiveness of the simultaneous activation of 5-HT1A and muscarinic receptors at preventing MK-801-induced cognitive deficits in novel object recognition (NOR) or Y-maze tests was investigated. Activators of 5-HT1A (F15599), M1 (VU0357017), M4 (VU0152100), or M5 (VU0238429) receptors administered at top doses for seven days reversed MK-801-induced deficits in the NOR test, similar to the simultaneous administration of subeffective doses of F15599 (0.05 mg/kg) with VU0357017 (0.15 mg/kg), VU0152100 (0.05 mg/kg), or VU0238429 (1 mg/kg). The compounds did not prevent the MK-801-induced impairment when administered acutely. Their activity was less evident in the Y-maze. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed high brain penetration of F15599 (brain/plasma ratio 620%), which was detected in the frontal cortex (FC) up to 2 h after administration. Decreases in the brain penetration properties of the compounds were observed after acute administration of the combinations, which might have influenced behavioral responses. This negative effect on brain penetration was not observed when the compounds were administered repeatedly. Based on our results, prolonged administration of a 5-HT1A activator with muscarinic receptor ligands may be effective at reversing cognitive decline related to schizophrenia, and the FC may play a critical role in this interaction.
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Cieślik P, Wierońska JM. Regulation of Glutamatergic Activity via Bidirectional Activation of Two Select Receptors as a Novel Approach in Antipsychotic Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228811. [PMID: 33233865 PMCID: PMC7699963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects approximately 1-2% of the population and develops in early adulthood. The disease is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. A large percentage of patients with schizophrenia have a treatment-resistant disease, and the risk of developing adverse effects is high. Many researchers have attempted to introduce new antipsychotic drugs to the clinic, but most of these treatments failed, and the diversity of schizophrenic symptoms is one of the causes of disappointing results. The present review summarizes the results of our latest papers, showing that the simultaneous activation of two receptors with sub-effective doses of their ligands induces similar effects as the highest dose of each compound alone. The treatments were focused on inhibiting the increased glutamate release responsible for schizophrenia arousal, without interacting with dopamine (D2) receptors. Ligands activating metabotropic receptors for glutamate, GABAB or muscarinic receptors were used, and the compounds were administered in several different combinations. Some combinations reversed all schizophrenia-related deficits in animal models, but others were active only in select models of schizophrenia symptoms (i.e., cognitive or negative symptoms).
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Γ-Aminobutyric acid in adult brain: an update. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cieślik P, Domin H, Chocyk A, Gruca P, Litwa E, Płoska A, Radulska A, Pelikant-Małecka I, Brański P, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Simultaneous activation of mGlu 2 and muscarinic receptors reverses MK-801-induced cognitive decline in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2019; 174:107866. [PMID: 31785263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The activity of an allosteric agonist of muscarinic M1 receptor, VU0357017, and a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of M5 receptor, VU0238429, were investigated alone or in combination with the mGlu2 receptor PAM, LY487379 using the following behavioural tests: prepulse inhibition (PPI), novel object recognition (NOR), and spatial delayed alternation (SDA). VU0357017 (10 and 20 mg/kg) and VU0238429 (5 and 10 mg/kg) reversed deficits in PPI while VU0238429 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) was effective in SDA. The simultaneous administration of subeffective doses of M1 or M5 activators (5, 1, or 0.25 mg/kg) with LY487379 (0.5 mg/kg) induced the same effect as that observed for the active dose of each compound. Selective M1 or M5 receptor blockers antagonized the effect exerted by these combinations, and pharmacokinetic studies confirmed independent transport through the blood-brain barrier. The expression of both receptors (M1 and M5) was established in brain structures involved in cognition (neocortex, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex) in both the rat and the mouse brains by immunofluorescence staining. Specifically, double neuronal staining of mGlu2-M1 and mGlu2-M5 receptors was observed in many areas of the rat brain, while the number of double-stained mGlu2-M1 receptors was moderate in the mouse brain with no mGlu2-M5 colocalization. Finally, the combined administration of subeffective doses of the compounds did not alter prolactin levels or motor coordination, in contrast to the compounds given alone at the highest dose or in combination with standard neuroleptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Małecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Brański
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland.
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Ershov OV, Shishlikova MA, Ievlev MY, Belikov MY, Maksimova VN. DIPEA catalyzed step-by-step synthesis and photophysical properties of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cieślik P, Radulska A, Pelikant-Małecka I, Płoska A, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Reversal of MK-801-Induced Disruptions in Social Interactions and Working Memory with Simultaneous Administration of LY487379 and VU152100 in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112781. [PMID: 31174329 PMCID: PMC6600181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia contribute to an impaired social and professional life for schizophrenic patients, and in most cases, these symptoms are treatment resistant. Therefore, identification of new treatment strategies is sorely needed. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) and muscarinic (M) receptors for acetylcholine have been considered promising targets for novel antipsychotics. Among them, mGlu2 and M4 subtypes seem to be of particular importance. In the present study, the effect of mutual activation of mGlu2 and M4 receptors was assessed in MK-801-based animal models of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, that is, social interaction and novel object recognition tests. Low sub-effective doses of LY487379 (0.5 mg/kg), a positive allosteric activator of the mGlu2 receptor, and VU152100 (0.25−0.5 mg/kg), a positive allosteric modulator of the M4 receptor, were simultaneously administered in the aforementioned tests. Combined administration of these compounds prevented MK-801-induced disturbances in social interactions and object recognition when acutely administered 30 min before MK-801. Prolonged (7 days) administration of these compounds resulted in the loss of effectiveness in preventing MK-801-induced disruptions in the novel object recognition test but not in the social interaction test. In the next set of experiments, MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) was administered for seven consecutive days, and the activity of the compounds was investigated on day eight, during which time MK-801 was not administered. In this model, based on prolonged MK-801 administration, the effectiveness of the compounds to treat MK-801-induced disruptions was evident at low doses which were ineffective in preventing the behavioural disturbances induced by an acute MK-801 injection. Combined administration of the compounds did not exert better efficacy than each compound given alone. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed a lack of possible drug–drug interactions after combined administration of LY487379 and VU152100. Our data show that modulation of M4 and mGlu2 receptors may potentially be beneficial in the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Małecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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