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Cardoso JCR, Mc Shane JC, Li Z, Peng M, Power DM. Revisiting the evolution of Family B1 GPCRs and ligands: Insights from mollusca. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112192. [PMID: 38408601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Family B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most well studied neuropeptide receptor families since they play a central role in many biological processes including endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and reproduction in animals. The genes for these receptors emerged from a common ancestral gene in bilaterian genomes and evolved via gene/genome duplications and deletions in vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. Their existence and function have mostly been characterized in vertebrates and few studies exist in invertebrate species. Recently, an increased interest in molluscs, means a series of genomes have become available, and since they are less modified than insect and nematode genomes, they are ideal to explore the origin and evolution of neuropeptide gene families. This review provides an overview of Family B1 GPCRs and their peptide ligands and incorporates new data obtained from Mollusca genomes and taking a comparative approach challenges existing models on their origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer C Mc Shane
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Zhai R, Wang Q. Phylogenetic Analysis Provides Insight Into the Molecular Evolution of Nociception and Pain-Related Proteins. Evol Bioinform Online 2023; 19:11769343231216914. [PMID: 38107163 PMCID: PMC10725132 DOI: 10.1177/11769343231216914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception and pain sensation are important neural processes in humans to avoid injury. Many proteins are involved in nociception and pain sensation in humans; however, the evolution of these proteins in animals is unknown. Here, we chose nociception- and pain-related proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels (ICs), and neuropeptides (NPs), which are reportedly associated with nociception and pain in humans, and identified their homologs in various animals by BLAST, phylogenetic analysis and protein architecture comparison to reveal their evolution from protozoans to humans. We found that the homologs of transient receptor potential channel A 1 (TRPA1), TRAPM, acid-sensing IC (ASIC), and voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) first appear in Porifera. Substance-P receptor 1 (TACR1) emerged from Coelenterata. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), TRPV1 and voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSC) appear in Platyhelminthes. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) was first identified in Nematoda. However, opioid receptors (OPRs) and most NPs were discovered only in vertebrates and exist from agnatha to humans. The results demonstrated that homologs of nociception and pain-related ICs exist from lower animal phyla to high animal phyla, and that most of the GPCRs originate from low to high phyla sequentially, whereas OPRs and NPs are newly evolved in vertebrates, which provides hints of the evolution of nociception and pain-related proteins in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Structure and proteomic analysis of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.) radial nerve cord. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3349. [PMID: 36849815 PMCID: PMC9971248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system of the Asteroidea (starfish or seastar) consists of radial nerve cords (RNCs) that interconnect with a ring nerve. Despite its relative simplicity, it facilitates the movement of multiple arms and numerous tube feet, as well as regeneration of damaged limbs. Here, we investigated the RNC ultrastructure and its molecular components within the of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster sp.), a well-known coral predator that in high-density outbreaks has major ecological impacts on coral reefs. We describe the presence of an array of unique small bulbous bulbs (40-100 μm diameter) that project from the ectoneural region of the adult RNC. Each comprise large secretory-like cells and prominent cilia. In contrast, juvenile COTS and its congener Acanthaster brevispinus lack these features, both of which are non-corallivorous. Proteomic analysis of the RNC (and isolated neural bulbs) provides the first comprehensive echinoderm protein database for neural tissue, including numerous secreted proteins associated with signalling, transport and defence. The neural bulbs contained several neuropeptides (e.g., bombyxin-type, starfish myorelaxant peptide, secretogranin 7B2-like, Ap15a-like, and ApNp35) and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1-like proteins. In summary, this study provides a new insight into the novel traits of COTS, a major pest on coral reefs, and a proteomics resource that can be used to develop (bio)control strategies and understand molecular mechanisms of regeneration.
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Thiel D, Guerra LAY, Franz-Wachtel M, Hejnol A, Jékely G. Nemertean, brachiopod and phoronid neuropeptidomics reveals ancestral spiralian signalling systems. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4847-4866. [PMID: 34272863 PMCID: PMC8557429 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are diverse signaling molecules in animals commonly acting through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Neuropeptides and their receptors underwent extensive diversification in bilaterians and the relationships of many peptide–receptor systems have been clarified. However, we lack a detailed picture of neuropeptide evolution in lophotrochozoans as in-depth studies only exist for mollusks and annelids. Here, we analyze peptidergic systems in Nemertea, Brachiopoda, and Phoronida. We screened transcriptomes from 13 nemertean, 6 brachiopod, and 4 phoronid species for proneuropeptides and neuropeptide GPCRs. With mass spectrometry from the nemertean Lineus longissimus, we validated several predicted peptides and identified novel ones. Molecular phylogeny combined with peptide-sequence and gene-structure comparisons allowed us to comprehensively map spiralian neuropeptide evolution. We found most mollusk and annelid peptidergic systems also in nemerteans, brachiopods, and phoronids. We uncovered previously hidden relationships including the orthologies of spiralian CCWamides to arthropod agatoxin-like peptides and of mollusk APGWamides to RGWamides from annelids, with ortholog systems in nemerteans, brachiopods, and phoronids. We found that pleurin neuropeptides previously only found in mollusks are also present in nemerteans and brachiopods. We also identified cases of gene family duplications and losses. These include a protostome-specific expansion of RFamide/Wamide signaling, a spiralian expansion of GnRH-related peptides, and duplications of vasopressin/oxytocin before the divergence of brachiopods, phoronids, and nemerteans. This analysis expands our knowledge of peptidergic signaling in spiralians and other protostomes. Our annotated data set of nearly 1,300 proneuropeptide sequences and 600 GPCRs presents a useful resource for further studies of neuropeptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thiel
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.,Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
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Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Ferreira V, Peng M, Zhang X, Power DM. The calcitonin-like system is an ancient regulatory system of biomineralization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7581. [PMID: 32371888 PMCID: PMC7200681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms acquired the capacity to accumulate minerals in tissues. Shells are the biomineralized exoskeleton of marine molluscs produced by the mantle but factors that regulate mantle shell building are still enigmatic. This study sought to identify candidate regulatory factors of molluscan shell mineralization and targeted family B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligands that include calcium regulatory factors in vertebrates, such as calcitonin (CALC). In molluscs, CALC receptor (CALCR) number was variable and arose through lineage and species-specific duplications. The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) mantle transcriptome expresses six CALCR-like and two CALC-precursors encoding four putative mature peptides. Mussel CALCR-like are activated in vitro by vertebrate CALC but only receptor CALCRIIc is activated by the mussel CALCIIa peptide (EC50 = 2.6 ×10-5 M). Ex-vivo incubations of mantle edge tissue and mantle cells with CALCIIa revealed they accumulated significantly more calcium than untreated tissue and cells. Mussel CALCIIa also significantly decreased mantle acid phosphatase activity, which is associated with shell remodelling. Our data indicate the CALC-like system as candidate regulatory factors of shell mineralization. The identification of the CALC system from molluscs to vertebrates suggests it is an ancient and conserved calcium regulatory system of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vinícius Ferreira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - MaoXiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xushuai Zhang
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Schwartz J, Réalis-Doyelle E, Dubos MP, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Favrel P. Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signaling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.201319. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In Protostoma, the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signaling system was long considered as the orthologue of the chordate calcitonin (CT) signaling system. Using the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) transcriptomic database GigaTON (http://ngspipelines-sigenae.toulouse.inra.fr/), we characterized seven G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Cragi-CTR1/7 and phylogenetically related to chordate CT receptors (CTRs) and to protostome DH31 receptors. Two CT Precursors (Cragi-CTP1 and Cragi-CTP2) containing two CT-type peptides and encoded by two distinct genes with a similar organization were also characterized. These oyster neuropeptides (Cragi-CT1/2) exhibit the two N-terminal paired cysteine residues and except CTP2 derived peptide (Cragi-CTP2dp) the C-terminal proline-amide motif typical of deuterostome CT-type peptides. All mature Cragi-CTs but Cragi-CTP2dp were detected in visceral ganglion (VG) extracts using mass spectrometry. Cell-based assays revealed that the formerly characterized oyster receptors Cg-CTR and Cragi-CTR2 were specifically activated by Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CT2, respectively. This activation does not require the co-expression of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Thus, the oyster CT signaling appears functionally more closely related to the vertebrate CT/CTR signaling than to the (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide) CGRP/CLR signaling. Gene expression profiles in different adult tissues and in oysters acclimated to brackish water suggest the potential implication of both Cg-CT-R/Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CTR2/Cragi-CT2 in water and ionic regulations, though with apparently opposite effects. The present study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a functional CT-type signaling system in a protostome and provides evidence for its evolutionarily ancient origin and its early role in osmotic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schwartz
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), CS14032, 14032 CAEN, Cedex 5, France
| | - Emilie Réalis-Doyelle
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), CS14032, 14032 CAEN, Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubos
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), CS14032, 14032 CAEN, Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Favrel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), CS14032, 14032 CAEN, Cedex 5, France
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Suwansa-Ard S, Chaiyamoon A, Talarovicova A, Tinikul R, Tinikul Y, Poomtong T, Elphick MR, Cummins SF, Sobhon P. Transcriptomic discovery and comparative analysis of neuropeptide precursors in sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Peptides 2018; 99:231-240. [PMID: 29054501 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides synthesized and released by neuronal cells play important roles in the regulation of many processes, e.g. growth, feeding, reproduction, and behavior. In the past decade, next-generation sequencing technologies have helped to facilitate the identification of multiple neuropeptide genes in a variety of taxa, including arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms. In this study, we extend these studies to Holothuria scabra, a sea cucumber species that is widely cultured for human consumption. In silico analysis of H. scabra neural and gonadal transcriptomes enabled the identification of 28 transcripts that encode a total of 26 bilaterian and echinoderm-specific neuropeptide precursors. Furthermore, publicly available sequence data from another sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima, allowed a more in-depth comparative investigation. Interestingly, two isoforms of a calcitonin-type peptide precursor (CTPP) were deduced from the H. scabra transcriptome - HscCTPP-long and HscCTPP-short, likely the result of alternative splicing. We also identified a sea cucumber relaxin-type peptide precursor, which is of interest because relaxin-type peptides have been shown to act as gonadotropic hormones in starfish. Two neuropeptides that appear to be holothurian-specific are GLRFA, and GN-19. In H. scabra, the expression of GLRFA was restricted to neural tissues, while GN-19 expression was additionally found in the longitudinal muscle and intestinal tissues. In conclusion, we have obtained new insights into the neuropeptide signaling systems of holothurians, which will facilitate physiological studies that may enable advances in the aquaculture of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaros Suwansa-Ard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Alzbeta Talarovicova
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yotsawan Tinikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand
| | - Tanes Poomtong
- Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Klongwan, Prachuab Khiri Khan 77000, Thailand
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Martins R, Vieira FA, Power DM. Calcitonin receptor family evolution and fishing for function using in silico promoter analysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 209:61-73. [PMID: 24815885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the calcitonin receptor (CTR) sub-family of family B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in teleosts is evaluated and put in the context of the families overall evolution from echinodermates to vertebrates. Echinodermates, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates have a single gene that encodes a receptor that bears similarity to the vertebrate calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin-like receptor (CTR/CLR). In tetrapods one gene encodes the calcitonin receptor (CALCR) and another gene the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL). The evolution of CALCR has been under strong conservative pressure and a single copy is also found in fishes and high conservation of gene organisation and synteny exits from teleosts to human. A teleost specific CTR innovation that occurred after their divergence from holostei is the presence of several HBDs in the N-terminus. CALCRL had a different evolutionary trajectory from CALCR and although a single gene copy is present in tetrapods the sarcopterygii fish, the coelacanth, has 1 copy of CALCRL but also a fish specific form CALCRL3. The ray-finned fish, the spotted gar, has 1 copy of CALCRL and 1 of CALCRL3 but the teleost specific whole genome duplication has resulted in a CALCRL1 and CALCRL2 in addition to the fish specific CALCRL3. Strong conservation of CALCRL gene structure exists from human to fish. Promoter analysis in silico reveals that the duplicated CALCRL genes in the teleosts, zebrafish, takifugu, tetraodon and medaka, have divergent promoters and different putative co-regulated gene partners suggesting their function is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Martins
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Flobela A Vieira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Clark MS, Thorne MA, Vieira FA, Cardoso JC, Power DM, Peck LS. Insights into shell deposition in the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica: gene discovery in the mantle transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:362. [PMID: 20529341 PMCID: PMC2896379 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica, is an infaunal stenothermal bivalve mollusc with a circumpolar distribution. It plays a significant role in bentho-pelagic coupling and hence has been proposed as a sentinel species for climate change monitoring. Previous studies have shown that this mollusc displays a high level of plasticity with regard to shell deposition and damage repair against a background of genetic homogeneity. The Southern Ocean has amongst the lowest present-day CaCO3 saturation rate of any ocean region, and is predicted to be among the first to become undersaturated under current ocean acidification scenarios. Hence, this species presents as an ideal candidate for studies into the processes of calcium regulation and shell deposition in our changing ocean environments. Results 454 sequencing of L. elliptica mantle tissue generated 18,290 contigs with an average size of 535 bp (ranging between 142 bp-5.591 kb). BLAST sequence similarity searching assigned putative function to 17% of the data set, with a significant proportion of these transcripts being involved in binding and potentially of a secretory nature, as defined by GO molecular function and biological process classifications. These results indicated that the mantle is a transcriptionally active tissue which is actively proliferating. All transcripts were screened against an in-house database of genes shown to be involved in extracellular matrix formation and calcium homeostasis in metazoans. Putative identifications were made for a number of classical shell deposition genes, such as tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase and metalloprotease 1, along with novel members of the family 2 G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). A membrane transport protein (SEC61) was also characterised and this demonstrated the utility of the clam sequence data as a resource for examining cold adapted amino acid substitutions. The sequence data contained 46,235 microsatellites and 13,084 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs/INDELS), providing a resource for population and also gene function studies. Conclusions This is the first 454 data from an Antarctic marine invertebrate. Sequencing of mantle tissue from this non-model species has considerably increased resources for the investigation of the processes of shell deposition and repair in molluscs in a changing environment. A number of promising candidate genes were identified for functional analyses, which will be the subject of further investigation in this species and also used in model-hopping experiments in more tractable and economically important model aquaculture species, such as Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30ET, UK.
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11
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Kawada T, Sekiguchi T, Sakai T, Aoyama M, Satake H. Neuropeptides, hormone peptides, and their receptors in Ciona intestinalis: an update. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:134-53. [PMID: 20141419 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The critical phylogenetic position of ascidians leads to the presumption that neuropeptides and hormones in vertebrates are highly likely to be evolutionarily conserved in ascidians, and the cosmopolitan species Ciona intestinalis is expected to be an excellent deuterostome Invertebrate model for studies on neuropeptides and hormones. Nevertheless, molecular and functional characterization of Ciona neuropeptides and hormone peptides was restricted to a few peptides such as a cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin peptide, cionin, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs). In the past few years, mass spectrometric analyses and database searches have detected Ciona orthologs or prototypes of vertebrate peptides and their receptors, including tachykinin, insulin/relaxin, calcitonin, and vasopressin. Furthermore, studies have shown that several Ciona peptides, including vasopressin and a novel GnRH-related peptide, have acquired ascidian-specific molecular forms and/or biological functions. These findings provided indisputable evidence that ascidians, unlike other invertebrates (including the traditional protostome model animals), possess neuropeptides and hormone peptides structurally and functionally related to vertebrate counterparts, and that several peptides have uniquely diverged in ascidian evolutionary lineages. Moreover, recent functional analyses of Ciona tachykinin in the ovary substantiated the novel tachykininergic protease-assoclated oocyte growth pathway, which could not have been revealed in studies on vertebrates. These findings confirm the outstanding advantages of ascidians in understanding the neuroscience, endocrinology, and evolution of vertebrate neuropeptides and hormone peptides. This article provides an overview of basic findings and reviews new knowledge on ascidian neuropeptides and hormone peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kawada
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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Furuhashi T, Schwarzinger C, Miksik I, Smrz M, Beran A. Molluscan shell evolution with review of shell calcification hypothesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:351-71. [PMID: 19665573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization research on mollusc shells has mostly focused on nacre formation. Chitin, silk fibroin protein, and acidic macromolecules are important components for shell formation. Although the principle concept behind shell calcification was developed many years ago, the individual components have not been well scrutinized. Besides that, Mollusca are the second largest invertebrate phylum, but comprehensive biochemical research involving a comparison of different taxa is still rare. This study reconsiders the above three components with adding some biochemical data of aculiferans. The presence of chitin in polyplacophorans sclerites was confirmed by IR and pyrolysis GC/MS. DMMB staining data inferred that sulphated groups present in aplacophoran cuticle but not in polyplacophorans cuticle. These insight suggested importance of comparison between acuriferans and conchiferans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Furuhashi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Tanguy A, Bierne N, Saavedra C, Pina B, Bachère E, Kube M, Bazin E, Bonhomme F, Boudry P, Boulo V, Boutet I, Cancela L, Dossat C, Favrel P, Huvet A, Jarque S, Jollivet D, Klages S, Lapègue S, Leite R, Moal J, Moraga D, Reinhardt R, Samain JF, Zouros E, Canario A. Increasing genomic information in bivalves through new EST collections in four species: Development of new genetic markers for environmental studies and genome evolution. Gene 2008; 408:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lafont AG, Dufour S, Fouchereau-Peron M. Evolution of the CT/CGRP family: comparative study with new data from models of teleosts, the eel, and cephalopod molluscs, the cuttlefish and the nautilus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 153:155-69. [PMID: 17353015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene generates two distinct peptides: calcitonin (CT), synthesised in the thyroid C cells and involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), brain neuromediator synthesised in the peripheral and central nerves. CGRP is well represented and molecularly conserved during evolution whereas CT has not been detected in any of the invertebrates analysed so far. In order to better understand the evolution of this CT/CGRP peptide family we reviewed the major data concerning its evolution from the literature and our recent data obtained in models of teleosts and cephalopod molluscs. The presence of both CGRP-like molecules and its specific bindings sites in the central nervous system of eel, cuttlefish and nautilus, suggests that the brain neurotransmitter role of CGRP could represent an ancient role in metazoa, already present in cephalopods and conserved among vertebrates, as still observed in mammals. In contrast, the presence of CGRP specific binding sites, and not the peptide itself, in the gills suggests an endocrine role for CGRP, in cephalopods and teleosts, that may have been lost during the evolution of the tetrapod lineage. These data, and the absence of CT-like molecules that we observed in cephalopods, support the hypothesis that CGRP represents the ancestral molecule of the CT/CGRP family, appeared in metazoa before the vertebrate emergence. The distinction between CT and CGRP receptors appears to be an event posterior to the emergence of ecdysozoan and lophotrochozoan protostomes, probably in relation to the CT appearance. The evolution of the CT/CGRP peptide family is probably similar to the evolution of the CT/CGRP receptor family. In fact, the genic duplication that induced the appearance of the two separate molecules, CT and CGRP, may constitute an event close to that, which induced the appearance of the two specific receptors. These events remain to be further studied in order to better understand the peptide and receptor evolution of the CT/CGRP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Lafont
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, USM 0401, UMR 5178 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Biologie des Organismes Marins et Ecosystèmes, Station de Biologie Marine, 29900 Concarneau, France
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15
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Cudennec B, Rousseau M, Lopez E, Fouchereau-Peron M. CGRP stimulates gill carbonic anhydrase activity in molluscs via a common CT/CGRP receptor. Peptides 2006; 27:2678-82. [PMID: 16797782 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The physiological significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during biomineralization was investigated by assessing the effect of human CGRP on the carbonic anhydrase activity in gill membranes of the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Salmon CT and human CGRP were able to induce a 150% increase of the basal activity. No additive effect was observed suggesting that both activities are mediated by the same receptor. The CGRP-stimulated effect was specific as demonstrated by the inhibition produced by the CGRP antagonist, hCGRP8-37. So, CGRP by its specific action on gill carbonic anhydrase controls the calcification process, an ancient role both in invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Cudennec
- UMR 5178 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station Biologie Marine, 29900 Concarneau, France
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16
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Lafont AG, Dufour S, Fouchereau-Peron M. Evidence for the presence of molecules related to the neuropeptide CGRP in two cephalopods, Sepia officinalis and Nautilus macromphalus: comparison with its target organ distribution. Neuroendocrinology 2006; 84:138-50. [PMID: 17202833 DOI: 10.1159/000097492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide mainly involved in brain and cardiovascular functions in mammals. We investigated its presence and potential roles in two cephalopods, Sepia officinalis and Nautilus macromphalus. CGRP-like, but not calcitonin (CT)-like, molecules were detected by specific radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays in the brain, optic lobes, branchial heart or afferent branchial vein and kidney. Gel exclusion chromatography of cephalopod brain extracts, followed by SDS-PAGE, indicated that CGRP-like molecules had a molecular weight of around 3 kDa, close to that of human CGRP. The distribution of CGRP target organs was characterized by binding studies in cuttlefish. Specific CGRP binding sites were detected in the brain, optic lobes, and kidney, indicating potential autocrine/paracrine roles of CGRP. Specific CGRP binding sites were also detected in the gills and shell sac that do not contain the peptide itself, indicating potential endocrine roles of CGRP. Accordingly, high circulating levels of CGRP-like molecules were detected in hemolymph of both cuttlefish and nautilus, unlike the situation in mammals. CGRP binding sites were further characterized in the cuttlefish gills by the Scatchard method. Our study indicates that the brain neurotransmitter role of CGRP could represent an ancient role in metazoa, already present in cephalopods and conserved among vertebrates. In contrast, the endocrine role of CGRP, which was suggested in cephalopods and also present in teleosts, may have been lost during the evolution of the tetrapod lineage. Our data support the hypothesis that CGRP represents the ancestral molecule of the CT/CGRP family appeared in metazoa before the vertebrate emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Lafont
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Unité Scientifique de Muséum 0401, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5178, CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Station de Biologie Marine, Concarneau, France
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Rodet F, Lelong C, Dubos MP, Costil K, Favrel P. Molecular cloning of a molluscan gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor orthologue specifically expressed in the gonad. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1730:187-95. [PMID: 16150500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite their economic importance, only very little information is available regarding (neuro)endocrine mechanisms of reproduction in bivalve molluscs. To gain insights into the molecular control of gonadic development of these animals, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) expressed in the gonad of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated. One such receptor was cloned by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers derived from consensus sequences of various vertebrate (neuro)peptide receptors. This receptor named Cg-GnRH-related receptor (Cg GnRH-R) exhibits a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with both vertebrate GnRH receptors and insect AKH receptors. Quantitative RT-PCR shows a specific expression of Cg-GnRH-R in both male and female gonads during the reproductive cycle. This demonstrates for the first time the plausible involvement of a GnRH receptor orthologue in the control of reproduction in a protostomian invertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Rodet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, IBFA, UMR IFREMER-Université de Caen, Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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18
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Abstract
Our conceptual understanding of the molecular architecture of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has transformed over the last decade. Once considered as largely independent functional units (aside from their interaction with the G-protein itself), it is now clear that a single GPCR is but part of a multifaceted signaling complex, each component providing an additional layer of sophistication. Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) provide a notable example of proteins that interact with GPCRs to modify their function. They act as pharmacological switches, modifying GPCR pharmacology for a particular subset of receptors. However, there is accumulating evidence that these ubiquitous proteins have a broader role, regulating signaling and receptor trafficking. This article aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive appraisal of RAMP literature and perhaps some insight into the impact that their discovery has had on those who study GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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Johnson EC, Shafer OT, Trigg JS, Park J, Schooley DA, Dow JA, Taghert PH. A novel diuretic hormone receptor in Drosophila: evidence for conservation of CGRP signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 208:1239-46. [PMID: 15781884 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila orphan G protein-coupled receptor encoded by CG17415 is related to members of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) family. In mammals, signaling from CLR receptors depend on accessory proteins, namely the receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) and receptor component protein (RCP). We tested the possibility that this Drosophila CLR might also require accessory proteins for proper function and we report that co-expression of the mammalian or Drosophila RCP or mammalian RAMPs permitted neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signaling from the CG17415 receptor. RAMP subtype expression did not alter the pharmacological profile of CG17415 activation. CG17415 antibodies revealed expression within the principal cells of Malpighian tubules, further implicating DH31 as a ligand for this receptor. Immunostaining in the brain revealed an unexpected convergence of two distinct DH signaling pathways. In both the larval and adult brain, most DH31 receptor-expressing neurons produce the neuropeptide corazonin, and also express the CRFR-related receptor CG8422, which is a receptor for the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 44 (DH44). There is extensive convergence of CRF and CGRP signaling within vertebrates and we report a striking parallel in Drosophila involving DH44 (CRF) and DH31 (CGRP). Therefore, it appears that both the molecular details as well as the functional organization of CGRP signaling have been conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Herpin A, Badariotti F, Rodet F, Favrel P. Molecular characterization of a new leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor from a bivalve mollusc: evolutionary implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 1680:137-44. [PMID: 15507317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The family of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) shows members in both vertebrates and invertebrates including the most ancestral ones. Although this suggests an early evolutionary origin of this family of receptors, little is known about their diversity in molluscs, a major phylum of bilaterian invertebrates. Based on sequences of mammalian and insect LGRs, we have cloned and characterized a new typical LGR in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea gigas. This receptor named Cg-LGRB exhibits high degree of amino acid sequence identity with both mammalian and Drosophila LGRs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Cg-LGRB belongs to the cluster of type B orphan LGRs and suggests that molluscs likely express the three LGR subgroups identified previously in other animals. Quantitative RT-PCR shows that Cg-LGRB is expressed mainly in the digestive gland and only at moderate levels in other organs and developmental stages. A possible involvement in the control of cytological changes occurring in bivalve mollusc digestive gland is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Herpin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, IBFA, UMR IFREMER-Université de Caen, Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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