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Mgrditchian T, Brown-Clay J, Hoffmann C, Müller T, Filali L, Ockfen E, Mao X, Moreau F, Casellas CP, Kaoma T, Mittelbronn M, Thomas C. Actin cytoskeleton depolymerization increases matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in breast cancer cells by promoting translocation of cysteine-rich protein 2 to the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100938. [PMID: 37266453 PMCID: PMC10229898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis; however, the coordination of its multiple functions remains unclear. Actin dynamics in the cytoplasm control the formation of invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell invasion by focusing the secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the nuclear role of cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2), a two LIM domain-containing F-actin-binding protein that we previously identified as a cytoskeletal component of invadopodia, in breast cancer cells. We found that F-actin depolymerization stimulates the translocation of CRP2 into the nucleus, resulting in an increase in the transcript levels of pro-invasive and pro-metastatic genes, including several members of the MMP gene family. We demonstrate that in the nucleus, CRP2 interacts with the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), which is crucial for the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13. Our data suggest that CRP2 and SRF cooperate to modulate of MMP expression levels. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant association between high-level expression of SRF and shorter overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients with a high CRP2 expression profile. Our findings suggest a model in which CRP2 mediates the coordination of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes driven by actin dynamics, ultimately resulting in the induction of invasive and metastatic behavior in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takouhie Mgrditchian
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Joshua Brown-Clay
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tanja Müller
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Liza Filali
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Ockfen
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Xianqing Mao
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Flora Moreau
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Science and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Clément Thomas
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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2
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Schröder SK, Tag CG, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Phalloidin Staining for F-Actin in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2669:55-66. [PMID: 37247054 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3207-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During the development of liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells undergo a transition from a quiescent phenotype into a proliferative, fibrogenic, and contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblast. These cells acquire properties that are strongly associated with the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin possesses a unique ability to polymerize into filamentous actin (F-actin) form its monomeric globular state (G-actin). F-actin can form robust actin bundles and cytoskeletal networks by interacting with a number of actin-binding proteins that provide important mechanical and structural support for a multitude of cellular processes including intracellular transport, cell motility, polarity, cell shape, gene regulation, and signal transduction. Therefore, stains with actin-specific antibodies and phalloidin conjugates for actin staining are widely used to visualize actin structures in myofibroblasts. Here we present an optimized protocol for F-actin staining for hepatic stellate cells using a fluorescent phalloidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carmen G Tag
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institut für Molekulare Pathobiochemie, Experimentelle Gentherapie und Klinische Chemie (IFMPEGKC), Universitätsklinikum Aachen AöR, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Hanmandlu A, Zhu L, Mertens TC, Collum S, Bi W, Xiong F, Wang R, Amirthalingam RT, Ren D, Han L, Jyothula SS, Li W, Zheng WJ, Karmouty-Quintana H. Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiling of Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:53-63. [PMID: 34370624 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0437oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating, fibro-proliferative chronic lung disorder, is associated with expansion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, which leads to excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). IPF is typically clinically identified as end-stage lung disease, after fibrotic processes are well-established and advanced. Fibroblasts have been shown to be critically important in the development and progression of IPF. We hypothesize that differential chromatin access can drive genetic differences in IPF fibroblasts relative to healthy fibroblasts. To this end, we performed Assay of Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-sequencing to identify differentially accessible regions within the genomes of fibroblasts from healthy and IPF lungs. Multiple motifs were identified to be enriched in IPF fibroblasts compared to healthy fibroblasts, including binding motifs for TWIST1 and FOXA1. RNA-sequencing identified 93 genes that could be annotated to differentially accessible regions. Pathway analysis of the annotated genes identified cellular adhesion, cytoskeletal anchoring, and cell differentiation as important biological processes. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis showed that linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks of IPF risk SNPs with IPF accessible regions that have been identified to be located in genes which are important in IPF, including MUC5B, TERT and TOLLIP. Validation studies in isolated lung tissue confirmed increased expression for TWIST1 and FOXA1 in addition to revealing SHANK2 and CSPR2 as novel targets. Thus, modulation of differential chromatin access may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Hanmandlu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tinne Cj Mertens
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Scott Collum
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Weizhen Bi
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Feng Xiong
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Dewei Ren
- Houston Methodist Hospital, 23534, J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Leng Han
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Soma Sk Jyothula
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Internal Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Wenbo Li
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - W Jim Zheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 12340, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston, Texas, United States;
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Ueda S, Hosoda M, Yoshino KI, Yamanoue M, Shirai Y. Gene Expression Analysis Provides New Insights into the Mechanism of Intramuscular Fat Formation in Japanese Black Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081107. [PMID: 34440281 PMCID: PMC8391117 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese Black cattle (Japanese Wagyu) have a unique phenotype in which ectopic intramuscular fat accumulates in skeletal muscle, producing finely marbled beef. However, the mechanism of intramuscular fat formation in Japanese Black cattle remains unclear. To investigate the key genes involved in intramuscular fat accumulation, we comprehensively analyzed mRNA levels in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat tissues using RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis, which detected 27,606 genes. We identified eight key genes, namely carboxypeptidase E, tenascin C, transgelin, collagen type IV alpha 5 (COL4A5), cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2, PDZ, and LIM domain 3, phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A, and regulator of calcineurin 2. These genes were highly and specifically expressed in intramuscular fat tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a collagen network, including COL4A5, in the basement membrane around the intramuscular fat tissue. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that, in intramuscular fat tissue, differentially expressed genes are related to cell adhesion, proliferation, and cancer pathways. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and small GTPases regulators RASGRP3, ARHGEF26, ARHGAP10, ARHGAP24, and DLC were upregulated in intramuscular fat. Our study suggests that these genes are involved in intramuscular fat formation in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ueda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-803-5889
| | - Mana Hosoda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshino
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Minoru Yamanoue
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
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5
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Zhu Y, Xu W, Hu W, Wang F, Zhou Y, Xu J, Gong W. Discovery and validation of novel protein markers in mucosa of portal hypertensive gastropathy. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33971821 PMCID: PMC8111717 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Portal hypertension induced esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding is the main cause of death among patients of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Therefore, a standardized, biomarker-based test, to make an early-stage non-invasive risk assessment of portal hypertension, is highly desirable. However, no fit-for-purpose biomarkers have yet been identified. Methods We conducted a pilot study consisting of 5 portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) patients and 5 normal controls, sampling the gastric mucosa of normal controls and PHG patients before and after endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, using label-free quantitative (LFQ) mass spectrometry, to identify potential biomarker candidates in gastric mucosa from PHG patients and normal controls. Then we further used parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to verify the abundance of the targeted protein. Results LFQ analyses identified 423 significantly differentially expressed proteins. 17 proteins that significantly elevated in the gastric mucosa of PHG patients were further validated using PRM. Conclusions This is the first application of an LFQ-PRM workflow to identify and validate PHG–specific biomarkers in patient gastric mucosa samples. Our findings lay the foundation for comprehending the molecular mechanisms of PHG pathogenesis, and provide potential applications for useful biomarkers in early diagnosis and treatment. Trial registration and ethics approval: Trial registration was completed (ChiCTR2000029840) on February 25, 2020. Ethics Approvals were completed on July 17, 2017 (NYSZYYEC20180003) and February 15, 2020 (NYSZYYEC20200005). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01787-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Information Management Section, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Liver Disease Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chen M, Yao YL, Yang Y, Zhu M, Tang Y, Liu S, Li K, Tang Z. Comprehensive Profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs Reveal Molecular Characteristics of Multiple Organ Physiologies and Development in Pigs. Front Genet 2019; 10:756. [PMID: 31552085 PMCID: PMC6737989 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig (Sus scrofa) is not only an important livestock animal but also widely used as a biomedical model. However, the understanding of the molecular characteristics of organs and of the developmental skeletal muscle of the pig is severely limited. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome profiling of mRNAs and miRNAs across nine tissues and three skeletal muscle developmental stages in the Guizhou miniature pig. The reproductive organs (ovary and testis) had greater transcriptome complexity and activity than other tissues, and the highest transcriptome similarity was between skeletal muscle and heart (R = 0.79). We identified 1,819 mRNAs and 96 miRNAs to be tissue-specific in nine organs. Testis had the largest number of tissue-specific mRNAs (992) and miRNAs (40). Only 15 genes and two miRNAs were specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and fat, respectively. During postnatal skeletal muscle development, the mRNAs associated with focal adhesion, Notch signaling, protein digestion, and absorption pathways were up-regulated from D0 to D30 and then down-regulated from D30 and D240, while genes with opposing expression patterns were significantly enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome pathways. The miRNAs mainly regulated genes associated with insulin, Wnt, fatty acid biosynthesis, Notch, MAPK, TGF-beta, insulin secretion, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and calcium signaling pathways. We also identified 37 new miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs involved in skeletal muscle development. Overall, our data not only provide a rich resource for understanding pig organ physiology and development but also aid the study of the molecular functions of mRNA and miRNA in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muya Chen
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Long Yao
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Han S, Cui C, Wang Y, He H, Liu Z, Shen X, Chen Y, Li D, Zhu Q, Yin H. Knockdown of CSRP3 inhibits differentiation of chicken satellite cells by promoting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Gene 2019; 707:36-43. [PMID: 30930226 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscle LIM protein (MLP/CSRP3/CRP3) is a microtubule-associated protein preferentially expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and has a central role during muscle development and for architectural maintenance of muscle cells. LIM-domain proteins act as both modulators and downstream targets of TGF-β signaling, which is well documented to negatively regulate differentiation of myogenic precursor cells or myoblasts. Herein, we determined whether CSRP3 regulates chicken satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and examined its mechanism of action by focusing on the TGF-β signaling pathway. Interference of CSRP3 mRNA expression had no effect on the proliferation of satellite cells, but significantly inhibited satellite cell differentiation into myotubes at 24, 48, and 72 h after initiation of differentiation. However, CSRP3 overexpression did not affect the proliferation or differentiation of satellite cells. Moreover, knockdown of CSRP3 caused up-regulation of TGF-β and Smad3 mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation of Smad3 in CSRP3-knockdown cells was greater than that in wild-type cells at 24, 48, and 72 h after initiation of differentiation. Collectively, knockdown of CSRP3 suppressed chicken satellite cell differentiation by regulating Smad3 phosphorylation in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Our results indicate that CSRP3 might play an important role in promoting satellite cell differentiation in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Haorong He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Chung HY, Witt CJ, Jbeily N, Hurtado-Oliveros J, Giszas B, Lupp A, Gräler MH, Bruns T, Stallmach A, Gonnert FA, Claus RA. Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Prevents Development of Sepsis Sequelae in the Murine Liver. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12348. [PMID: 28955042 PMCID: PMC5617833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of maladaptive response in liver tissue with respect to the acute and post-acute phase of sepsis are not yet fully understood. Long-term sepsis survivors might develop hepatocellular/hepatobiliary injury and fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that acid sphingomyelinase, an important regulator of hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is linked to the promotion of liver dysfunction in the acute phase of sepsis as well as to fibrogenesis in the long-term. In both phases, we observed a beneficial effect of partial genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency in heterozygous animals (smpd1+/−) on oxidative stress levels, hepatobiliary function, macrophage infiltration and on HSC activation. Strikingly, similar to heterozygote expression of SMPD1, either preventative (p-smpd1+/+) or therapeutic (t-smpd1+/+) pharmacological treatment strategies with desipramine – a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) – significantly improved liver function and survival. The inhibition of sphingomyelinase exhibited a protective effect on liver function in the acute-phase, and the reduction of HSC activation diminished development of sepsis-associated liver fibrosis in the post-acute phase of sepsis. In summary, targeting sphingomyelinase with FDA-approved drugs is a novel promising strategy to overcome sepsis-induced liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - C Julius Witt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Nayla Jbeily
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Giszas
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Falk A Gonnert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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10
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Jin K, Xiao D, Andersen B, Xiang M. Lmo4 and Other LIM domain only factors are necessary and sufficient for multiple retinal cell type development. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:900-15. [PMID: 26579872 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis by which distinct cell types are specified is a central issue in retinogenesis and retinal disease development. Here we examined the role of LIM domain only 4 (Lmo4) in retinal development using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches. By immunostaining, Lmo4 was found to be expressed in mouse retina from E10.5 to mature stages. Retroviral delivery of Lmo4 into retinal progenitor cells could promote the amacrine, bipolar and Müller cell fates at the expense of photoreceptors. It also inhibited the fate of early-born retinal ganglion cells. Using a dominant-negative form of Lmo4 which suppresses transcriptional activities of all LIM domain only factors, we demonstrated that LIM domain only factors are both necessary and sufficient for promoting amacrine and bipolar cell development, but not for the differentiation of ganglion, horizontal, Müller, or photoreceptor cells. Taken together, our study uncovers multiple roles of Lmo4 during retinal development and demonstrates the importance of LIM domain only factors in ensuring proper retinal cell specification and differentiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 900-915, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Dongchang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-4030.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-4030
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
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11
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Bracht T, Schweinsberg V, Trippler M, Kohl M, Ahrens M, Padden J, Naboulsi W, Barkovits K, Megger DA, Eisenacher M, Borchers CH, Schlaak JF, Hoffmann AC, Weber F, Baba HA, Meyer HE, Sitek B. Analysis of Disease-Associated Protein Expression Using Quantitative Proteomics—Fibulin-5 Is Expressed in Association with Hepatic Fibrosis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2278-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Martin Trippler
- Department
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Kohl
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliet Padden
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wael Naboulsi
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katalin Barkovits
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Genome
British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jörg F. Schlaak
- Department
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas-Claudius Hoffmann
- Department
of Medicine (Cancer Research), Molecular Oncology Risk-Profile Evaluation, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Department
of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A. Baba
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Meyer
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for
Analytical Sciences-ISAS, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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12
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Johnson JL. Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell function in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:452-60. [PMID: 25053639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
After a period of relative senescence in the field of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) research with particular regards to atherosclerosis, the last few years has witnessed a resurgence, with extensive research re-assessing potential molecular mechanisms and pathways that modulate VSMC behaviour within the atherosclerotic-prone vessel wall and the atherosclerotic plaque itself. Attention has focussed on the pathological contribution of VSMC in plaque calcification; systemic and local mediators such as inflammatory molecules and lipoproteins; autocrine and paracrine regulators which affect cell-cell and cell to matrix contacts alongside cytoskeletal changes. In this brief focused review, recent insights that have been gained into how a myriad of recently identified factors can influence the pathological behaviour of VSMC and their subsequent contribution to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression has been discussed. An overriding theme is the mechanisms involved in the alterations of VSMC function during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lee Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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13
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Fu Z, Wang M, Everett A, Lakatta E, Van Eyk J. Can proteomics yield insight into aging aorta? Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:477-89. [PMID: 23788441 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aging aorta exhibits structural and physiological changes that are reflected in the proteome of its component cells types. The advance in proteomic technologies has made it possible to analyze the quantity of proteins associated with the natural history of aortic aging. These alterations reflect the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging and could provide an opportunity to predict vascular health. This paper focuses on whether discoveries stemming from the application of proteomic approaches of the intact aging aorta or vascular smooth muscle cells can provide useful insights. Although there have been limited studies to date, a number of interesting proteins have been identified that are closely associated with aging in the rat aorta. Such proteins, including milk fat globule-EGF factor 8, matrix metalloproteinase type-2, and vitronectin, could be used as indicators of vascular health, or even explored as therapeutic targets for aging-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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14
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Järvinen PM, Myllärniemi M, Liu H, Moore HM, Leppäranta O, Salmenkivi K, Koli K, Latonen L, Band AM, Laiho M. Cysteine-rich protein 1 is regulated by transforming growth factor-β1 and expressed in lung fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2605-12. [PMID: 21882188 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a diverse cytokine regulating growth, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, invasion, and extracellular matrix production. Dysregulation of TGF-β is associated with fibrotic disorders and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and has been linked with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cysteine-rich protein 1 (CRP1) is a small LIM-domain containing protein involved in smooth muscle differentiation. Here, we show that TGF-β1 increases the expression of CRP1 protein and that CRP1 levels increase in a biphasic fashion. A rapid transient (15-45 min) increase in CRP1 is followed by a subsequent, sustained increase in CRP1 a few hours afterwards that lasts several days. We find that TGF-β1 regulates the expression of CRP1 through Smad and non-conventional p38 MAPK signaling pathways in a transcription-independent manner and that the induction occurs concomitant with an increase in myofibroblast differentiation. Using CRP1 silencing by shRNA, we identify CRP1 as a novel factor mediating cell contractility. Furthermore, we localize CRP1 to fibroblastic foci in IPF lungs and find that CRP1 is significantly more expressed in IPF as compared to control lung tissue. The results show that CRP1 is a novel TGF-β1 regulated protein that is expressed in fibrotic lesions and may be relevant in the IPF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi M Järvinen
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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LIM-domain proteins in transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast differentiation. Cell Signal 2012; 24:819-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Hernandez-Gea V, Friedman SL. Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 6:425-56. [PMID: 21073339 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1240] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to chronic viral hepatitis and, more recently, from fatty liver disease associated with obesity. Hepatic stellate cell activation represents a critical event in fibrosis because these cells become the primary source of extracellular matrix in liver upon injury. Use of cell-culture and animal models has expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stellate cell activation and has shed new light on genetic regulation, the contribution of immune signaling, and the potential reversibility of the disease. As pathways of fibrogenesis are increasingly clarified, the key challenge will be translating new advances into the development of antifibrotic therapies for patients with chronic liver disease.
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17
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Mann J, Mann DA. Transcriptional regulation of hepatic stellate cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:497-512. [PMID: 19393271 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a process of cellular transdifferentiation in which, upon liver injury, the quiescent vitamin A storing perisinusoidal HSC is converted into a wound-healing myofibroblast and acquires potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic activities. This remarkable phenotypic transformation is underpinned by changes in the expression of a vast number of genes. In this review we survey current knowledge of the transcription factors that either control HSC activation or which regulate specific fibrogenic functions of the activated HSC such as collagen expression, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
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18
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Gao X, Sun JY, Cao ZY, Lin Y, Zha DJ, Wang F, Xue T, Qiao L, Lu LJ, Qiu JH. Polyclonal antibodies to LIM proteins CRP2 and CRIP2 reveal their subcellular localizations in olfactory precursor cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:336-41. [PMID: 19364329 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the presence of CRP2 (cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 2) and CRIP2 (cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2), which are members of group 2 LIM proteins, in rat olfactory precursor cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We have developed polyclonal antibodies against CRP2 and CRIP2 individually. Specificity of the antibodies was demonstrated by Western blot analysis, using CRP2 and CRIP2 transfected cells. No cross-reactivity was observed between the antibodies. Furthermore, we used the antibodies to determine the expression and localization of CRP2 and CRIP2 in olfactory precursor cells by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Our results demonstrated that in undifferentiated olfactory precursor cells CRP2 was distributed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, whereas CRIP2 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. While the olfactory precursor cells differentiated into end cells, only the expression of CRIP2 would be detected. The function of these LIM proteins in olfactory precursor cells warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
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19
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Miyoshi K, Nagata H, Horiguchi T, Abe K, Arie Wahyudi I, Baba Y, Harada H, Noma T. BMP2-induced gene profiling in dental epithelial cell line. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2009; 55:216-26. [PMID: 18797134 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.55.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and their reciprocal molecular signaling. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known as one of the inducers for tooth development. To analyze the molecular mechanisms of BMP2 on ameloblast differentiation (amelogenesis), we performed microarray analyses using rat dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7. After confirming that BMP2 could activate the canonical BMP-Smads signaling in HAT-7 cells, we analyzed the effects of BMP2 on 14,815 gene expressions and profiled them. Seventy-three genes were up-regulated and 28 genes were down-regulated by BMP2 treatment for 24 hours in HAT-7 cells. Functional classification revealed that 18% of up-regulated genes were ECM/adhesion molecules present in the enamel organ. Furthermore, we examined the expression of several differentiation markers in dental epithelial four cell-lineages including inner enamel epithelium (ameloblasts), stratum intermedium, stratum reticulum, and outer enamel epithelium. The results indicated that BMP2 might induce at least two different cell-lineage markers including a BMP antagonist expressed in HAT-7 cells, suggesting that BMP2 could accelerate amelogenesis via BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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20
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Salguero Palacios R, Roderfeld M, Hemmann S, Rath T, Atanasova S, Tschuschner A, Gressner OA, Weiskirchen R, Graf J, Roeb E. Activation of hepatic stellate cells is associated with cytokine expression in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1192-203. [PMID: 18794850 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrogenesis are not yet fully understood. In particular, the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remains unclear. We therefore examined proliferation and transdifferentiation of HSC as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in TAA-induced fibrosis. Hepatic fibrogenesis was induced in mice by addition of TAA to drinking water. Liver damage was determined by assessment of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and measurement of collagen deposition. Additionally, expression patterns of alpha-smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, specific hepatic biomarker for HSC), cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 2 (CRP2, specific marker of HSC transdifferentiation), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF-B, PDGF-D) , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 were assessed by real-time PCR. Transcription of GFAP and CRP2 were transiently upregulated during TAA-induced fibrogenesis (punctum maxima (p.m.) week 10 for GFAP and week 14 for CRP2). Similar transient expression patterns were demonstrated for IL-1beta, IL-6, TGF-beta1, and PDGF-B (p.m. week 12) whereas TNF-alpha and PDGF-D continuously increased with ongoing liver injury. In particular, not only neutrophil granulocytes, but also macrophages and leukocytes served as a major source for MMP-9 expression. GFAP and CRP2 expression patterns demonstrated transiently increased HSC-activation during TAA-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. The rate of increase of transcription of GFAP correlated best with PDGF-B, whereas CRP2 levels correlated with PDGF-B, PDGF-D, and IL-1beta expression. This study demonstrates for the first time that transiently increased activation patterns of HSC are observed in toxically induced hepatic fibrosis. Thus, TAA in drinking water is an effective and elegant model to induce reproducible states of liver fibrosis without parenchymal damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Salguero Palacios
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Lin DW, Chang IC, Tseng A, Wu ML, Chen CH, Patenaude CA, Layne MD, Yet SF. Transforming growth factor beta up-regulates cysteine-rich protein 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells via activating transcription factor 2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:15003-14. [PMID: 18387947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801621200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRP2 (cysteine-rich protein) is a vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-expressed LIM-only protein. CRP2 associates with the actin cytoskeleton and interacts with transcription factors in the nucleus to mediate smooth muscle cell gene expression. Using Csrp2 (gene symbol of the mouse CRP2 gene)-deficient mice, we previously demonstrated that an absence of CRP2 enhances VSMC migration and increases neointima formation following arterial injury. Despite its importance in vascular injury, the molecular mechanisms controlling CRP2 expression in VSMC are largely unknown. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), a key factor present in the vessel wall in the early phases of arterial response to injury, plays an important role in modulating lesion formation. Because both CRP2 and TGFbeta are mediators of VSMC responses, we examined the possibility that TGFbeta might regulate CRP2 expression. TGFbeta significantly induced CRP2 mRNA and protein expression in VSMCs. Promoter analysis identified a conserved cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-like site (TAACGTCA) in the Csrp2 promoter that was critical for basal promoter activity and response to TGFbeta. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that mainly ATF2 bound to this CRE-like element, and mutation of the CRE sequences abolished binding. TGFbeta enhanced the activation of ATF2, leading to increased phospho-ATF2 levels within the DNA-protein complexes. Furthermore, ATF2-transactivated Csrp2 promoter activity and TGFbeta enhanced this activation. In addition, a phosphorylation-negative ATF2 mutant construct decreased basal and TGFbeta-mediated Csrp2 promoter activity. Our results show for the first time in VSMC that TGFbeta activates ATF2 phosphorylation and Csrp2 gene expression via a CRE promoter element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Herrmann J, Haas U, Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R. TGF-β up-regulates serum response factor in activated hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:1250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Herrmann J, Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R. Immortal hepatic stellate cell lines: useful tools to study hepatic stellate cell biology and function? J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:704-22. [PMID: 17760834 PMCID: PMC3823251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At the cellular level, the activation and transdifferentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) into myofibroblasts is the key process involved in hepatic fibrogenesis that is associated with an increased and altered deposition of extracellular matrix components in the liver. The temporal sequence of molecular events associated with stellate cell activation turned out to be appropriately mimicked when HSC isolated from normal livers are cultured on uncoated plastic surface. Therefore, cultured primary cells isolated from rodents and human beings are common in vitro models in investigations addressing these issues of hepatic stellate biology and function. However, the limited supply, cost-effective isolation procedure and the ever growing need have resulted in efforts to establish immortalized stellate cell lines having the advantage of virtually unlimited access. They allow rapid screening for disease-associated factors and restrict the necessary number of animal experiments. From the first description of an immortal HSC line in 1986, a huge number of studies were conducted with these established cell lines. However, differences in morphology, growth characteristics and anomalies of chromosome number and structure make the applications of these models questionable. Here, we summarize the history and cellular characteristics of respective cell lines and discuss the differences of continuous HSC lines and their primary counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Herrmann
- *Correspondence to: Prof. Dr R. WEISKIRCHEN Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel.: +49 24 1 80 88 68 3 Fax: +49 24 1 80 82 5 12 E-mail:
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- *Correspondence to: Prof. Dr R. WEISKIRCHEN Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel.: +49 24 1 80 88 68 3 Fax: +49 24 1 80 82 5 12 E-mail:
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24
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Barendrecht MM, Mulders ACM, van der Poel H, van den Hoff MJB, Schmidt M, Michel MC. Role of Transforming Growth Factor β in Rat Bladder Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:117-22. [PMID: 17435108 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions associated with hypertrophy of the urinary bladder have repeatedly been associated with an increased urinary excretion of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta in both rats and patients. Because TGFbeta can have both growth-promoting and -inhibiting effects, we have studied its effects on cell growth and death in primary cultures of rat bladder smooth muscle cells. TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, or TGFbeta3 did not cause apoptosis, but all three isoforms inhibited DNA synthesis with similar potency (EC(50) of approximately 0.1 ng/ml) and efficacy. Such inhibition was antagonized by a specific TGFbeta receptor antagonist and independent of the presence of serum. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the control of cell growth, and all three TGFbeta isoforms inhibited activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK subfamilies. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effects of the TGFbeta isoforms on DNA synthesis were not affected by presence of inhibitors of the three MAPK pathways. TGFbeta did not alter cell size as measured by flow cytometry or mitochondrial activity, an integrated measure of cell size and number. We conclude that our data do not support the hypothesis that TGFbeta is a mediator of rat bladder hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits M Barendrecht
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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