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Tehlan A, Bhowmick K, Kumar A, Subbarao N, Dhar SK. The tetrameric structure of Plasmodium falciparum phosphoglycerate mutase is critical for optimal enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101713. [PMID: 35150741 PMCID: PMC8913309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) is of utmost importance for overall cellular metabolism and has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in cancer cells. This enzyme is also conserved in the rapidly proliferating malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which have a similar metabolic framework as cancer cells and rely on glycolysis as the sole energy-yielding process during intraerythrocytic development. There is no redundancy among the annotated PGM enzymes in Plasmodium, and PfPGM1 is absolutely required for the parasite survival as evidenced by conditional knockdown in our study. A detailed comparison of PfPGM1 with its counterparts followed by in-depth structure-function analysis revealed unique attributes of this parasitic protein. Here, we report for the first time the importance of oligomerization for the optimal functioning of the enzyme in vivo, as earlier studies in eukaryotes only focused on the effects in vitro. We show that single point mutation of the amino acid residue W68 led to complete loss of tetramerization and diminished catalytic activity in vitro. Additionally, ectopic expression of the WT PfPGM1 protein enhanced parasite growth, whereas the monomeric form of PfPGM1 failed to provide growth advantage. Furthermore, mutation of the evolutionarily conserved residue K100 led to a drastic reduction in enzymatic activity. The indispensable nature of this parasite enzyme highlights the potential of PfPGM1 as a therapeutic target against malaria, and targeting the interfacial residues critical for oligomerization can serve as a focal point for promising drug development strategies that may not be restricted to malaria only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tehlan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Krishanu Bhowmick
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Amarjeet Kumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Suman Kumar Dhar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067.
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Duminil P, Davanture M, Oury C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Tcherkez G, Zivy M, Hodges M, Glab N. Arabidopsis thaliana 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity requires serine 82 phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1478-1489. [PMID: 34174129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutases (PGAMs) catalyse the reversible isomerisation of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a step of glycolysis. PGAMs can be sub-divided into 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent (dPGAM) and -independent (iPGAM) enzymes. In plants, phosphoglycerate isomerisation is carried out by cytosolic iPGAM. Despite its crucial role in catabolism, little is known about post-translational modifications of plant iPGAM. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphoproteomics analyses have previously identified an iPGAM phosphopeptide where serine 82 is phosphorylated. Here, we show that this phosphopeptide is less abundant in dark-adapted compared to illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. In silico comparison of iPGAM protein sequences and 3D structural modelling of AtiPGAM2 based on non-plant iPGAM enzymes suggest a role for phosphorylated serine in the catalytic reaction mechanism. This is confirmed by the activity (or the lack thereof) of mutated recombinant Arabidopsis iPGAM2 forms, affected in different steps of the reaction mechanism. We thus propose that the occurrence of the S82-phosphopeptide reflects iPGAM2 steady-state catalysis. Based on this assumption, the metabolic consequences of a higher iPGAM activity in illuminated versus darkened leaves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duminil
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Marlène Davanture
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
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Łopieńska-Biernat E, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Myszczyński K, Polak I, Stryiński R. Genome-wide analysis of Anisakis simplex sensu lato: the role of carbohydrate metabolism genes in the parasite's development. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:933-943. [PMID: 31560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anisakis simplex sensu lato is a parasitic nematode which can cause gastric symptoms and/or allergic reactions in humans who consume raw and undercooked fish. Anisakiasis poses a growing health problem around the globe because it causes non-specific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. This genome-wide study was undertaken to expand our knowledge of A. simplex s.l. at the molecular level and provide novel data for biological and biotechnological research into the analyzed species and related nematodes. A draft genome assembly of the L3 stage of A. simplex s.l. was analyzed in detail, and changes in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes during the parasite's life cycle were determined. To our knowledge, this is the first genome to be described for a parasitic nematode of the family Anisakidae to date. We identified genes involved in parasite-specific pathways, including carbohydrates metabolism, apoptosis and chemo signaling. A total of 7607 coding genes were predicted. The genome of A. simplex s.l. is highly similar to genomes of other parasitic nematodes. In particular, we described a valuable repository of genes encoding proteins of trehalose and glycogen metabolism, and we developed the most comprehensive data set relating to the conversion of both saccharides which play important roles during the parasite's life cycle in a host environment. We also confirmed that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. Trehalose anabolism and glycogen catabolism were the predominant processes in stages L4 and L5, which could confirm our and other authors' previous reports that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. The A. simplex s.l. genome provides essential data for post-genomic research into the biology of gastrointestinal and allergic anisakiasis in humans and the biology of other important parasitic helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Molecular, biochemical characterization and assessment of immunogenic potential of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase against Leishmania donovani: a step towards exploring novel vaccine candidate. Parasitology 2017; 145:508-526. [PMID: 28691653 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite immense efforts, vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis has yet not been developed. Earlier our proteomic study revealed a novel protein, cofactor-independent phoshoglycerate mutase (LdiPGAM), an important enzyme in glucose metabolism, in T helper cells type 1 (Th1) stimulatory region of soluble Leishmania donovani antigen. In this study, LdiPGAM was biochemically and molecularly characterized and evaluated for its immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy against L. donovani. Immunogenicity of recombinant LdiPGAM (rLdiPGAM) was initially assessed in naïve hamsters immunized with it by analysing mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and other Th1/T helper cells type 2 cytokines, which revealed an upregulation of Th1 cytokines along with iNOS. Immunogenicity of rLdiPGAM was further evaluated in lymphocytes of treated Leishmania-infected hamsters and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Leishmania patients in clinical remission by various parameters, viz. lymphoproliferation assay and NO production (hamsters and patients) and levels of various cytokines (patients). rLdiPGAM induced remarkable Lymphoproliferative response and NO production in treated Leishmania-infected hamsters as well as in patients and increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12p40) responses in Leishmania patients in clinical remission. Vaccination with rLdiPGAM exerted considerable prophylactic efficacy (73%) supported by increase in mRNA expression of iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-12p40 with decrease in transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-10. Above results indicate the importance of rLdiPGAM protein as a potential vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Roychowdhury A, Kundu A, Bose M, Gujar A, Mukherjee S, Das AK. Complete catalytic cycle of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase involves a spring-loaded mechanism. FEBS J 2015; 282:1097-110. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Roychowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Anirban Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Madhuparna Bose
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Akanksha Gujar
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
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