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Chemical profile of anti-epidemic sachet based on multiple sample preparation coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis combined with an embedded peaks resolution method and their action mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463816. [PMID: 36716594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anti-epidemic sachet (Fang Yi Xiang Nang, FYXN) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can prevent COVID-19 through volatile compounds that can play the role of fragrant and dampness, heat-clearing and detoxifying, warding off filth and pathogenic factors. Nevertheless, the anti-(mutant) SARS-CoV-2 compounds and the compounds related to the mechanism in vivo, and the mechanism of FYXN are still vague. In this study, the volatile compound set of FYXN was constructed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based on multiple sample preparation methods, which include headspace (HS), headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). In addition, selective ion analysis (SIA) was used to resolve embedded chromatographic peaks present in HS-SPME results. Preliminary analysis of active compounds and mechanism of FYXN by network pharmacology combined with disease pathway information based on GC-MS results. A total of 96 volatile compounds in FYXN were collected by GC-MS analysis. 39 potential anti-viral compounds were screened by molecular docking. 13 key pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway analysis (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc.) for FYXN to prevent COVID-19. 16 anti-viral compounds (C95, C91, etc.), 10 core targets (RELA, MAPK1, etc.), and 16 key compounds related to the mechanism in vivo (C56, C30, etc.) were obtained by network analysis. The relevant pharmacological effects of key pathways and key compounds were verified by the literature. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the relationship between core targets and key compounds, which are related to the mechanism in vivo. A variety of sample preparation methods coupled with GC-MS analysis combined with an embedded peaks resolution method and integrated with network pharmacology can not only comprehensively characterize the volatile compounds in FYXN, but also expand the network pharmacology research ideas, and help to discover the active compounds and mechanisms in FYXN.
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Yang X, Liao K, Deng IB, Zhang L. Knockdown of interleukin-6 plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats via inhibition of caspase 3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein signaling pathway. IBRAIN 2022; 8:413-428. [PMID: 37786746 PMCID: PMC10529178 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the establishment of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model. The Zea-Longa scoring was used to evaluate the extent of the neurological deficits. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the volume of infarction in the brain following HI protocol. The expression of IL-6 in the cortex and/or hippocampus at multiple time points after HI was examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to inhibit the expression of IL-6 in-vitro and in-vivo, and the concomitant expression of the Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3 was also measured. HI induced a significant brain damage, and these pathological changes were accompanied by IL-6 upregulation which was found localized in cortical neurons. The inhibition of IL-6 expression fostered neuronal and axonal growth, and a reduction in cellular apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures, and cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. The expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX and caspase 3 was closely associated with IL-6. Downregulation of IL-6 could ameliorate HI-induced deficiencies by mediating the expression of caspase 3 and BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yang
- Animal Model Research Center of Human DiseaseKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ke‐Han Liao
- School of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Isaac B. Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lan‐Chun Zhang
- Animal Model Research Center of Human DiseaseKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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He M, Jia Y, Liu X, Peng X, Li C, Yang S, Xu Q, Lin J, Zhao G. Perillaldehyde protects against Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and LOX-1. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1366-1373. [PMID: 35759617 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2093382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of perillaldehyde (PAE) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A.fumigatus) keratitis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The biofilm formation, adherence assay, propidium iodide uptake test were used to determine the possible mechanism of PAE in terms of antifungal effects in vitro. The severity of corneal infection was evaluated by clinical scores. The immunofluorescence staining was adopt to detect the number of macrophages in infected corneas. Draize test was performed to assess the ocular toxicity of PAE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot reflected the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in mice corneas and RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS PAE was able to inhibit the formation of biofilm, reduce conidial adhesion, and damage the integrity of membranes to exert antifungal activity. In C57BL/6 mice models, PAE alleviated the severity of infected corneas, reduced the recruitment of macrophages and had low ocular toxicity. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, CCL-2 and LOX-1 could be significantly decreased by the application of PAE after A.fumigatus infection in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that PAE protected against A.fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load, accumulation of macrophages, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - You Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Chen B, Cao P, Guo X, Yin M, Li X, Jiang L, Shao J, Chen X, Jiang C, Tao L, Zhou L, Yu H. Maraviroc, an inhibitor of chemokine receptor type 5, alleviates neuroinflammatory response after cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108755. [PMID: 35395466 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key factor that contributes to the secondary damage after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has shown its pro-inflammatory effects during central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in CI/R injury is still unclear. In this study, we administered maraviroc (MVC, APEXBIO, UK-427857), a CCR5 antagonist, to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice. In vivo studies showed that MVC was successively intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with doses (20 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days after mice MCAO. MVC showed its neuroprotective effects in alleviating neurological deficits and infarct volumes after MCAO. The level of apoptosis and inflammation were remarkably decreased by MVC treatment after CI/R injury. Subsequently, primary microglia cells were stimulated with doses of MVC (20 nM) for 12 h after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model (OGD/R) in vitro. MVC significantly increased the viability of primary microglia after OGD/R. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in microglia was down-regulated by MVC treatment. Mechanistically, MVC also inhibited the secretion of these cytokines by microglia after OGD stimulation. Furthermore, the key components of NF-κB pathway were measured in vivo and in vitro after MCAO and OGD. MVC significantly inhibited the activity of NF-κB pathway in the above pathological environments. Finally, our data indicated that MVC treatment decreased the activation of JNK signaling pathway after CI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The JNK activator anisomycin (AN, Beyotime, SC0132) reversed the neuroprotective effects of MVC, indicating that the JNK pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of MVC in CI/R injury. Our data demonstrated that CCR5 inhibition exhibits neuroprotective effects after CI/R injury. MVC, which is widely used for HIV treatment by its anti-virus effect, is a potential drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the future clinical trials. MVC has been widely used in HIV treatment which showed its safety. Based on its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, we speculate that MVC may be a potential drug for treating ischemic stroke in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Pingping Cao
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Mengmei Yin
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Luhang Tao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu people's hospital, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Kang HB, Kim SH, Uhm SH, Kim DK, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Sung NY, Kim DS, Han IJ, Yoo YC, Han SY. Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract Attenuates Vascular Dementia-Associated Memory Deficits, Neuronal Damages, and Microglial Activation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:257-272. [PMID: 35723398 PMCID: PMC8929086 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by a time-dependent memory deficit and essentially combined with evidence of neuroinflammation. Thus, polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory properties, have received much scientific attention. This study investigated whether Perilla frutescens leaf extract (PFL) exerts therapeutic efficacy against VaD. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: SO, sham-operated and vehicle treatment; OP, operated and vehicle treatment; PFL-L, operated and low-dose (30 mg/kg) PFL treatment; PFL-M, operated and medium-dose (60 mg/kg) PFL treatment; and PFL-H, operated and high-dose (90 mg/kg) PFL treatment. Two-vessel occlusion and hypovolemia (2VO/H) were employed as a surgical model of VaD, and PFL was given orally perioperatively for 23 days. The rats underwent the Y-maze, Barnes maze, and passive avoidance tests and their brains were subjected to histologic studies. The OP group showed VaD-associated memory deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and microglial activation; however, the PFL-treated groups showed significant attenuations in all of the above parameters. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, we measured PFL-mediated changes on the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-6, and the activities of their upstream MAP kinases (MAPKs)/NFκB/inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The LPS-induced upregulations of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production and MAPKs/NFκB/iNOS activities were globally and significantly reversed by 12-h pretreatment of PFL. This suggests that PFL can counteract VaD-associated structural and functional deterioration through the attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ho Uhm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - In-Jun Han
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Young-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-042-600-8616
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Tsai YT, Huang HC, Kao ST, Chang TT, Cheng CY. Neuroprotective Effects of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq against Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis by the Interactions between Upregulated p38 MAPK Signaling and Downregulated JNK Signaling in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:2057-2083. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis in the penumbra region is the major cell death mechanism occurring during ischemia–reperfusion injury’s early phase. Here, we evaluated how the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq (AOM) affects mitochondria-related apoptosis 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and examined the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MAPK-mediated mitochondria-related apoptotic signaling in the peri-infarct cortex in rats. The rats were administered the AOM extract intraperitoneally at doses of 0.2[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.2[Formula: see text]g), 0.4[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g), or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g) at MCAo initiation. The AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g and AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g significantly ameliorated apoptotic cell death and considerably downregulated cytochrome c (cyto c) and cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity 3 days after reperfusion. Simultaneously, they significantly downregulated cytosolic p-JNK/JNK, cathepsin B/actin, cyto c/actin, Smac/DIABLO/actin, cleaved caspase-3/actin, and AIF/actin and mitochondrial p53/HSP60 and Bax/HSP60 fractions but upregulated cytosolic p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-p90RSK/actin, p-Bad/Bad, p-CREB/actin, and XIAP/actin and cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax fractions in the peri-infarct cortex. Pretreatment with SB203580 — a p38 MAPK inhibitor — completely abrogated the effects of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g on the aforementioned protein expression, whereas treatment with SP600125 — a JNK inhibitor — exerted protective effects similar to those of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g. Treatment with 0.4 or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg AOM has neuroprotective effects against mitochondria-related apoptosis by suppressing cyto c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol. The anti-mitochondria related apoptotic effects of the AOM extract are attributable to the interactions between upregulated p38 MAPK/p90RSK-mediated p-Bad and CREB signaling and downregulated JNK/cathepsin B-mediated Bax and p53 signaling in the peri-infarct cortex 3 days after transient MCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ting Tsai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ti Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
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Bihanic C, Lasbleiz A, Regnier M, Petit E, Le Blainvaux P, Grison C. New Sustainable Synthetic Routes to Cyclic Oxyterpenes Using the Ecocatalyst Toolbox. Molecules 2021; 26:7194. [PMID: 34885776 PMCID: PMC8658900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic oxyterpenes are natural products that are mostly used as fragrances, flavours and drugs by the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. However, only a few cyclic oxyterpenes are accessible via chemical syntheses, which are far from being ecofriendly. We report here the synthesis of six cyclic oxyterpenes derived from ß-pinene while respecting the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. Only natural or biosourced catalysts were used in mild conditions that were optimised for each synthesis. A new generation of ecocatalysts, derived from Mn-rich water lettuce, was prepared via green processes, characterised by MP-AES, XRPD and TEM analyses, and tested in catalysis. The epoxidation of ß-pinene led to the platform molecule, ß-pinene oxide, with a good yield, illustrating the efficacy of the new generation of ecocatalysts. The opening ß-pinene oxide was investigated in green conditions and led to new and regioselective syntheses of myrtenol, 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol and perillyl alcohol. Successive oxidations of perillyl alcohol could be performed using no hazardous oxidant and were controlled using the new generation of ecocatalysts generating perillaldehyde and cuminaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bihanic
- Laboratory of Bio-inspirated Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), UMR 5021, CNRS—University of Montpellier Cap Delta, 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (C.B.); (A.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Arthur Lasbleiz
- Laboratory of Bio-inspirated Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), UMR 5021, CNRS—University of Montpellier Cap Delta, 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (C.B.); (A.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Morgan Regnier
- Laboratory of Bio-inspirated Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), UMR 5021, CNRS—University of Montpellier Cap Delta, 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (C.B.); (A.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Eddy Petit
- European Institute of Membrane (IEM), UMR 5635—University of Montpellier 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Claude Grison
- Laboratory of Bio-inspirated Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), UMR 5021, CNRS—University of Montpellier Cap Delta, 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (C.B.); (A.L.); (M.R.)
- BioInspir Cap Delta, 1682 rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France;
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Lin Z, Huang S, LingHu X, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhong S, Xie S, Xu X, Yu A, Nagai A, Kobayashi Y, Wa Q, Huang S. Perillaldehyde inhibits bone metastasis and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling-induced osteoclastogenesis in prostate cancer cell lines. Bioengineered 2021; 13:2710-2719. [PMID: 34738877 PMCID: PMC8973720 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Perillaldehyde (PAH), one of the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plant Perilla frutescens, is widely used and exerts crucial anti-cancer activities. The aim of current study is to illustrate the potential mechanisms of PAH-mediated regulation of bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. Effects of PAH on proliferation, invasion and migration of PC-3 cells were assessed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assays, respectively. Effects of PAH on stem cell characteristics of PC-3 cells were evaluated by cell-matrix adhesion assay, colony formation assay, spheroid formation assay, as well as western blot . The anti-metastasis and anti-osteoclastogenesis activity of PAH in RAW264.7 cells was examined by osteoclast differentiation assay and western blot. The protein levels of CD133 and CD44 in PC-3 cells and the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells were measured by western blot. PAH suppressed proliferation, invasion and migration of PC-3 cells, prevented stem cell characteristics including cell-matrix adhesion, colony formation, spheroid formation as well as CD133 and CD44 expression. PAH inhibited bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis via repressing the activation of NF-κB pathway as well as (RANKL) – and cancer cell-induced osteoclastogenesis in PCa cells. These findings suggested the potential therapeutic effects of PAH on the metastasis of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Xitao LingHu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangyan Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aorigele Yu
- Graduated school of Medicine, Shimane University, 693-8501, Izumo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Graduated school of Medicine, Shimane University, 693-8501, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Graduated school of Medicine, Shimane University, 693-8501, Izumo, Japan
| | - Qingde Wa
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Son HK, Xiang H, Park S, Lee J, Lee JJ, Jung S, Ha JH. Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010986. [PMID: 34682732 PMCID: PMC8535618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the partial replacement of dietary fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and provided each of the following diets: (1) high-fat diet (HFD), (2) HFD with perilla oil (PO), and (3) HFD with corn oil (CO). After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) from Escherichia coli O55:B5 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Following LPS stimulation, serum insulin levels were increased, while PO and CO lowered the serum levels of glucose and insulin. In the liver, LPS increased the triglyceride levels, while PO and CO alleviated the LPS-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In the LPS injected rats, the mRNA expression of genes related to inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was attenuated by PO and CO in the liver. Furthermore, hepatic levels of proteins involved in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, antioxidant response, and ER stress were lowered by PO- and CO-replacement. Therefore, the partial replacement of dietary fat with PUFAs alleviates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation during HFD consumption, which may decrease metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Son
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Huo Xiang
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sunyoon Jung
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
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10
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Cheng CY, Chiang SY, Kao ST, Huang SC. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract reduces cerebral infarction by downregulating JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling in the acute phase of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Chin Med 2021; 16:82. [PMID: 34419138 PMCID: PMC8379872 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-ischemic inflammation is a crucial component in stroke pathology in the early phase of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Inflammation caused by microglia, astrocytes, and necrotic cells, produces pro-inflammatory mediators and exacerbates cerebral I/R injury. This study evaluated the effects of the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq [Yi Zhi Ren (YZR)] extract on cerebral infarction at 1 day after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated inflammatory cascades in the penumbral cortex. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with the YZR extract at the doses of 0.2 g/kg (YZR-0.2 g), 0.4 g/kg (YZR-0.4 g), or 0.8 g/kg (YZR-0.8 g) at MCAo onset. Results YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments markedly reduced cerebral infarction, attenuated neurological deficits, and significantly downregulated the expression of phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (p-ASK1)/ASK1, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), p-JNK/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-6 in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion. SP600125 (SP), a selective JNK inhibitor, had the same effects. Furthermore, Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells were colocalized with TLR4, and colocalization of GFAP-positive cells was found with NF-κB in the nuclei. Conclusion YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments exerted beneficial effects on cerebral ischemic injury by downregulating JNK-mediated signaling in the peri-infarct cortex. Moreover, the anti-infarction effects of YZR extract treatments were partially attributed to the downregulation of JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling pathways in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Huang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40447, Taiwan.
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11
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Zheng W, Liu B, Shi E. Perillaldehyde Alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. J Surg Res 2021; 268:308-317. [PMID: 34399353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is one of the most destructive complications in thoracic-abdominal aortic surgery, which can cause physical abnormalities, paralysis and even brain death. Evidence has shown that perillaldehyde (PAH) can ameliorate rat's cerebra ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PAH on SCII remains unknown. METHODS The current study established SCII rat models and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced BV2 microglia models to explore whether PAH could alleviate SCII symptoms and to investigate underlying mechanism. RESULTS SCII rats underwent severe neurologic motor dysfunction and histopathologic injury compared with the normal rats, which are exhibited by loss of motor neurons and decrease of nissl bodies. Treatment with PAH significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuron damage. PAH downregulated the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, cleaved/pro caspase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Besides, the contents of oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased and malondialdehyde content was decreased after PAH treatment. PAH treatment upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Our in vitro study confirmed that PAH inhibited microglial activation by activating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, exhibited by alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that PAH has the potential value for treating SCII, which provides an experimental basis for clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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13
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Xie X, Wang F, Li X. Inhibition of TRIM14 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:197-205. [PMID: 33691569 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1887218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many proteins in tripartite motif (TRIM) family have been reported to play an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the effect of TRIM14 on the cerebral I/R injury in rats. METHODS The rat model was constructed through inserting thread into the middle cerebral artery. The expression of TRIM14 was measured by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. The hippocampal sections were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to determine infarct volume and used for measuring the neurologic deficit score and brain water content. The H&E staining was used for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The number of apoptotic cells was measured by fluorescence microscopy. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The swimming speed, latency time, and number of platform crossings were measured by the water maze test. RESULTS TRIM14 was significantly enhanced in rats with cerebral I/R injury compared to Sham rats, showing its highest level at 24 h after I/R. TRIM14 inhibition reduced ischemic brain injury, suppressed neuron apoptosis, suppressed inflammation, and improved cognitive dysfunction in rats with cerebral I/R injury. TRIM14 inhibition also suppressed the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in rats with cerebral I/R injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the expression of TRIM14 was increased in rats with cerebral I/R injury, the protective effect of TRIM14 inhibitor on cerebral I/R injury in rats depends on its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effect. The underlying mechanism was, at least partially, through regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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14
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Liu L, Zhang Q, Li M, Wang N, Li C, Song D, Shen X, Luo L, Fan Y, Xie H, Wu Y. Early Post-Stroke Electroacupuncture Promotes Motor Function Recovery in Post-Ischemic Rats by Increasing the Blood and Brain Irisin. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:695-702. [PMID: 33688192 PMCID: PMC7935344 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s290148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that irisin, a novel peptide hormone derived from muscles, could be used as a potential therapeutic drug against ischemic stroke. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Yet, whether irisin is involved in the EA neuroprotection remains unclear. The following study investigated the association between serum and peri-lesional cortex irisin and EA-induced post-stroke motor recovery in rats. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was used to induce ischemic stroke in rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups: a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group (MCAO rats without treatment) and an electroacupuncture (EA) group (MCAO rats treated with EA). On the 3rd day post-stroke, infarct volume, behavioral deficits, surviving neurons, irisin protein expression in peri-infarction cortex, muscle tissue, and serum were evaluated to identify the neuroprotective of EA in acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS Compared with the MCAO group, the EA group showed better behavioral performance, a smaller cerebral infarct volume, more surviving neurons, and a significant increase in irisin expression in the peri-infarction cortex and serum (p<0.05). However, no difference in irisin expression in the muscle tissue was found between the MCAO group and the EA group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION EA promotes motor function recovery, reduces the volume of cerebral infarction, and alleviates neuronal death following ischemic stroke by enhancing the expression of irisin in both the blood and peri-lesional cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ma Z, Wang F, Xue LL, Niu YJ, Hu Y, Su ZY, Huang J, Niu RZ, Wang TH, Ba YC, Xiong LL, Bai X. bFGF promotes neurological recovery from neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by IL-1β signaling pathway-mediated axon regeneration. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01696. [PMID: 32525289 PMCID: PMC7428497 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoxia-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) can lead to serious neuron damage and dysfunction, causing a significant worldwide health problem. bFGF as a protective reagent promotes neuron repair under hypoxia/ischemia (HI). However, how bFGF and downstream molecules were regulated in HI remains elusive. METHODS We established an in vitro HI model by culturing primary cortical neurons and treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We suppressed the expression of bFGF by using siRNA (small interfering RNA) interference to detect the neuronal morphological changes by immunofluorescence staining. To determine the potential mechanisms regulated by bFGF, the change of downstream molecular including IL-1β was examined in bFGF knockdown condition. IL-1β knockout (KO) rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated technologies. We used an accepted rat model of HI, to assess the effect of IL-1β deletion on disease outcomes and carried out analysis on the behavior, histological, cellular, and molecular level. RESULTS We identified that OGD can induce endogenous expression of bFGF. Both OGD and knockdown of bFGF resulted in reduction of neuron numbers, enlarged cell body and shortened axon length. We found molecules closely related to bFGF, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β was up-regulated after bFGF interference under OGD conditions, suggesting complex signaling between bFGF and OGD-mediated pathways. We found HI resulted in up-regulation of IL-1β mRNA in cortex and hippocampus. IL-1β KO rats markedly attenuated the impairment of long-term learning and memory induced by HI. Meanwhile, IL-1β-/- (KO, homozygous) group showed better neurite growth and less apoptosis in OGD model. Furthermore, serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1) mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in IL-1β KO rats. CONCLUSIONS We showed that IL-1β-mediated axon regeneration underlie the mechanism of bFGF for the treatment of HIBD in neonatal rats. Results from this study would provide insights and molecular basis for future therapeutics in treating HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Su
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Ze Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ba
- Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Chrayteh M, Huet TR, Dréan P. Gas-Phase Hydration of Perillaldehyde Investigated by Microwave Spectroscopy Assisted by Computational Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6511-6520. [PMID: 32678616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microsolvated complexes of two equatorial conformers of perillaldehyde were experimentally investigated in a supersonic molecular jet coupled to a cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, in the 2.3-8 GHz frequency range. The structures of hydrates C10H14O·(H2O)n (n = 1,2,3) were first optimized at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP levels of theory. The spectral signatures of four monohydrates and of two dihydrates could then be obtained. Additional rotational constants from the analysis of the spectra of their 18O isotopologues allowed the calculation of the substitution coordinates of the water oxygen atoms of each hydrate. They were found to be in good agreement with those of the optimized structures. SAPT2 calculations and noncovalent interaction analysis highlight the role of dispersion and quasi-hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamad Chrayteh
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Thérèse R Huet
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Pascal Dréan
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
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17
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He J, Zhou D, Yan B. Eriocitrin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats by regulating phosphorylation levels of Nrf2/NQO-1/HO-1/NF-κB p65 proteins. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:757. [PMID: 32647682 PMCID: PMC7333167 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia (CI) can lead to ischemic stroke. The most effective therapy for cerebral ischemic stroke is the early restoration of blood reperfusion. However, reperfusion after CI can result in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CI/R) injury. This study aimed to detect the effect of eriocitrin on cerebral I/R injury and investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, the cerebral I/R group, the I/R + eriocitrin 8 mg/kg group, the I/R + eriocitrin 16 mg/kg group, and the I/R + eriocitrin 32 mg/kg group. Different doses of eriocitrin or 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium were administrated to the rats once daily for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). PCR staining was performed to observe cerebral infarction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was carried out to observe the damage to the brain tissue. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative mRNA levels of related molecules. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins. The detection kits were used to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect TNF-radiation, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Results The results showed that Eriocitrin significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume, cerebral water content, and cerebral indexes. Eriocitrin treatment alleviated pathological injury, promoted cell proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Eriocitrin upregulated SOD activity and downregulated MDA and LDH content. Eriocitrin also effectively decreased the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), but increased the content of IL-10 in serum and brain tissues. Furthermore, Eriocitrin increased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), as well as the expressions of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Moreover, Eriocitrin decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Conclusions Our results indicated that Eriocitrin attenuated oxidative injury and inflammatory response in rats with CI/R via the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Neurology, 363 Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Tao F, Zhu J, Duan L, Wu J, Zhang J, Yao K, Bo J, Zu H. Anti-inflammatory effects of doxepin hydrochloride against LPS-induced C6-glioma cell inflammatory reaction by PI3K-mediated Akt signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22424. [PMID: 31743544 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may have anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects in addition to its antidepressant effects. So far, the nonantidepressant effects of TCAs and their molecular pharmacological mechanisms remain completely unclear. Chronic inflammation in the brain parenchyma may be related to the pathogenesis and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. As a common antidepressant and anti-insomnia drug, doxepin also may be a potential anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant drug, so the study on the anti-inflammatory protective effect of doxepin and its molecular mechanism has become a very important issue in pharmacology and clinical medicine. Further elucidating the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of doxepin and its molecular mechanism may provide the important theoretical and clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disease. This study was designed to understand the glio-protective mechanism of doxepin against the inflammatory damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in C6-glioma cells. We found the treatment of C6-glioma cells with LPS results in deleterious effects, including the augmentation of inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), and suppresses the Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, our outcomes demonstrated that doxepin was able to suppress these effects induced by LPS, through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. To sum up, these results highlight the potential role of doxepin against neuroinflammatory-related disease in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimei Bo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengbing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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Echinocystic acid, a natural plant extract, alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172610. [PMID: 31425684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA) was found to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidation activities. A recent study showed the antiapoptotic effects of EA on acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of EA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of EA 1 h before ischemia significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit after 60 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects of EA occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we explored the mechanisms of neuroprotection by EA. This compound exerted antiapoptotic activity by upregulating the level of Bcl-2 and simultaneously downregulating the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Furthermore, EA also possessed anti-inflammatory activity and prevented the excessive phosphorylation of NF-κB (p-P65) and the increase in IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Finally, our data indicated that EA treatment decreased the level of phosphorylated JNK in vivo, and the JNK activator anisomycin (AN) reversed the neuroprotective effects of EA, indicating that the JNK pathway is involved in the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EA. In summary, our findings suggest that EA provides neuroprotective effects through its antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway in cerebral I/R injury. Due to its safety and lack of toxicity, EA is a potential candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke in future clinical trials.
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Kumar G, Mukherjee S, Paliwal P, Singh SS, Birla H, Singh SP, Krishnamurthy S, Patnaik R. Neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1293-1309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Quintans JSS, Shanmugam S, Heimfarth L, Araújo AAS, Almeida JRGDS, Picot L, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Monoterpenes modulating cytokines - A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:233-257. [PMID: 30389585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response can be driven by cytokine production and is a pivotal target in the management of inflammatory diseases. Monoterpenes have shown that promising profile as agents which reduce the inflammatory process and also modulate the key chemical mediators of inflammation, such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main interest focused on monoterpenes were to develop the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on monoterpenes that produce anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the release of cytokines, as well as suggesting that which monoterpenoid molecules may be most effective in the treatment of inflammatory disease. Several different inflammatory markers were evaluated as a target of monoterpenes. The proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were found TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 IL-13, IL-17A, IFNγ, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ. Our review found evidence that NF-κB and MAPK signaling are important pathways for the anti-inflammatory action of monoterpenes. We found 24 monoterpenes that modulate the production of cytokines, which appears to be the major pharmacological mechanism these compounds possess in relation to the attenuation of inflammatory response. Despite the compelling evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of monoterpenes, further studies are necessary to fully explore their potential as anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Jackson R G da S Almeida
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of San Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, University of La Rochelle, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases and Their Pharmacological Modulation in Ischemic and Reperfusion Brain Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-018-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang B, Gao C, Li Y, Wang M. D-chiro-inositol enriched Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaench extract alleviates mitochondrial malfunction and inhibits ER stress/JNK associated inflammation in the endothelium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:83-89. [PMID: 29225119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tartary buckwheat is a food medicine dual-use crop with healing effects on cardiovascular diseases and type2 diabetes. It has been proposed that endothelial dysfunction is the initial lesion in these diseases and it's associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation. D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is a bioactive compound of Tartary buckwheat and is always deficit in type2 diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether DCI-enriched Tartary buckwheat extract can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and inflammation in the endothelium. MATERIAL AND METHODS Endothelial cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD). The effects of DCI-enriched Tartary buckwheat bran extract (TBBE) on superoxide anion generation, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and Jun n-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and inflammation in the endothelium against lipotoxicity were investigated. RESULTS In endothelial cells, TBBE significantly inhibited oxidative stress. Meanwhile, in HFD-fed mice and PA-induced cells, TBBE regulated Drp1 phosphorylation and inhibited its activation, implying the protective effect of TBBE on mitochondrial morphology. As a result, TBBE protected mitochondrial function. Additionally, TBBE inhibited ER stress and reduced the production of IL-6 and VCAM-1, associated with JNK pathway, thereby inhibiting the caspase-3 activation in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study indicated the beneficial role of TBBE in endothelial inflammation, with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Caifeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Institute of agricultural products processing, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Perillaldehyde Inhibits AHR Signaling and Activates NRF2 Antioxidant Pathway in Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9524657. [PMID: 29643980 PMCID: PMC5832143 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9524657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin covers the outer surface of the body, so the epidermal keratinocytes within it are susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by environmental pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a potent activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Antioxidant activity is generally mediated by the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) axis in human keratinocytes. Perillaldehyde is the main component of Perilla frutescens, which is a medicinal antioxidant herb traditionally consumed in East Asia. However, the effect of perillaldehyde on the AHR/ROS and/or NRF2/HO1 pathways remains unknown. In human keratinocytes, we found that perillaldehyde (1) inhibited BaP-induced AHR activation and ROS production, (2) inhibited BaP/AHR-mediated release of the CCL2 chemokine, and (3) activated the NRF2/HO1 antioxidant pathway. Perillaldehyde is thus potentially useful for managing inflammatory skin diseases or disorders related to oxidative stress.
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Abstract
Stroke is considered to be an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The high incidence and poor prognosis of stroke suggest that it is a highly disabling and highly lethal disease which can pose a serious threat to human health. Nitric oxide (NO), a common gas in nature, which is often thought as a toxic gas, because of its intimate relationship with the pathological processes of many diseases, especially in the regulation of blood flow and cell inflammation. However, recent years have witnessed an increased interest that NO plays a significant and positive role in stroke as an essential gas signal molecule. In view of the fact that the neuroprotective effect of NO is closely related to its concentration, cell type and time, only in the appropriate circumstances can NO play a protective effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of NO in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ru-Tao Mou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Feng
- Department of Scott & White Clinic-Temple, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nam B, So Y, Kim HY, Kim JB, Jin CH, Han AR. A New Monoterpene from the Leaves of a Radiation Mutant Cultivar of Perilla frutescens var. crispa with Inhibitory Activity on LPS-Induced NO Production. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091471. [PMID: 28869556 PMCID: PMC6151837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Lamiaceae)—known as ‘Jureum-soyeop’ or ‘Cha-jo-ki’ in Korean, ‘ZI SU YE’ in Chinese, and ‘Shiso’ in Japan—has been used as a medicinal herb. Recent gamma irradiated mutation breeding on P. frutescens var. crispa in our research group resulted in the development of a new perilla cultivar, P. frutescens var. crispa (cv. Antisperill; PFCA), which has a higher content of isoegomaketone. The leaves of PFCA were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, and phytochemical investigation on this extract led to the isolation and identification of a new compound, 9-hydroxy-isoegomaketone [(2E)-1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-penten-1-one; 1]. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 14.4 μM. The compounds in the SC-CO2 extracts of the radiation mutant cultivar and the original plant were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Nam
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Yangkang So
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Young Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
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Protective effect of pilose antler peptide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through Nrf-2/OH-1/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:741-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kim DJ, Kim MS, Kim S, Hwang KW, Park SY. Anti-amyloidogenic effects of Perilla frutescens
var. acuta
on beta-amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Kim
- World Class University, Department of Nanobiomedicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Sunggun Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Hwang
- Host Defense Modulation Laboratory; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- World Class University, Department of Nanobiomedicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Qi B, Hu L, Zhu L, Shang L, Wang X, Liu N, Wen N, Hong Y, Fang D. Metformin Attenuates Neurological Deficit after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2912-2920. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhuang P, Wan Y, Geng S, He Y, Feng B, Ye Z, Zhou D, Li D, Wei H, Li H, Zhang Y, Ju A. Salvianolic Acids for Injection (SAFI) suppresses inflammatory responses in activated microglia to attenuate brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:194-204. [PMID: 28087473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play crucial roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cerebral injuries. Microglia activation has been shown to be closely related to TLR4/NF-κB signal pathways. Salvianolic acids for injection (SAFI) have been used in clinical practice to treat ischemic stroke with reported neuroprotective effects; however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS First, we studied the effect of SAFI on inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Then, to discover whether the beneficial in vitro effects of SAFI lead to in vivo therapeutic effects, an MCAO (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) rat model was further employed to elucidate the probable mechanism of SAFI in treating ischemic stroke. Rats in the SAFI group were given SAFI (23 or 46mg/kg) before I/R injury. RESULTS The results showed that SAFI treatment significantly decreased neuroinflammation and the infarction volume compared with the vehicle group. Activation of microglia cells was reduced, and TLR4/NF-κB signals, which were markedly inhibited by SAFI treatment in ischemic hemisphere, were accompanied by reduced expression and release of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that SAFI effectively protects the brain after cerebral ischemia, which may be caused by attenuating inflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Zhuang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin JF-Pharmaland Technology Development Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Wan
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shihan Geng
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ying He
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation Enterprise of TCM Injections, Tianjin 300410, China; Tianjin Tasliy Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhengliang Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation Enterprise of TCM Injections, Tianjin 300410, China; Tianjin Tasliy Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Dazheng Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation Enterprise of TCM Injections, Tianjin 300410, China; Tianjin Tasliy Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Dekun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation Enterprise of TCM Injections, Tianjin 300410, China; Tianjin Tasliy Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Hongjun Wei
- Tianjin JF-Pharmaland Technology Development Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Tianjin JF-Pharmaland Technology Development Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Aichun Ju
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation Enterprise of TCM Injections, Tianjin 300410, China; Tianjin Tasliy Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300400, China.
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Zhang M, Yan H, Li S, Yang J. Rosmarinic acid protects rat hippocampal neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the Akt/JNK3/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2017; 1657:9-15. [PMID: 27923634 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury can result in neuronal death, which further results in brain damage and can even lead to death. Although recent studies showed that rosmarinic acid (RA) exerts neuroprotective effects and attenuates ischemia-induced brain injury and neuronal cell death, little is known about the precise mechanisms that occur during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of RA against ischemic brain injury induced by cerebral I/R. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We randomly divided rats into five groups: sham, I/R, I/R+RA, I/R+Vehicle and I/R+RA+LY. Open-field, closed-field and Morris water maze tests were carried our separately to examine the anxiety and cognitive behavior of each group. Cresyl violet staining was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The levels of p-Akt, p-JNK3 and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampus were also examined by Western blotting. Our results showed that administration of RA protected locomotive ability, relieved anxiety behavior and protected cognitive ability in cerebral I/R-injured rats. Additionally, RA significantly protected neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region against cerebral I/R-induced damage. Furthermore, RA increased the phosphorylation of Akt1, downregulated the phosphorylation of JNK3 and reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Finally, the Akt inhibitor LY294002 reversed all the protective effects of RA, indicating that RA protects neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region from ischemic damage through the Akt/JNK3/caspase-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China.
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Hobbs CA, Taylor SV, Beevers C, Lloyd M, Bowen R, Lillford L, Maronpot R, Hayashi SM. Genotoxicity assessment of the flavouring agent, perillaldehyde. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:232-242. [PMID: 27593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perillaldehyde, a natural monocyclic terpenoid found most abundantly in the herb perilla, has a long history of use as a flavouring ingredient to add spiciness and citrus taste to foods. Previously, it was judged to be safe by several international expert panels. To confirm the safety of flavourings placed on the European Union list of flavourings, perillaldehyde was selected by the European Food Safety Authority as a representative of a subgroup of alicyclic aldehyde flavouring substances to be evaluated for genotoxic potential. Perillaldehyde was tested in a bacterial reverse mutation assay, an in vitro micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes, an HPRT assay in mouse lymphoma cells, and a micronucleus/comet assay in Han Wistar rats. In contrast to previously published results, perillaldehyde induced mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the absence of metabolic activation. The comet assay was negative for duodenum and weakly positive for liver but only at a hepatotoxic dose of perillaldehyde. All other genotoxicity assays were negative. These data do not provide an indication of any genotoxic potential for perillaldehyde, and they provide the primary basis for recent scientific opinions regarding perillaldehyde genotoxicity announced by several international organizations responsible for safety assessment of food additives and flavourings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Hobbs
- Toxicology Program, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Sean V Taylor
- International Organization of the Flavor Industry, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Carol Beevers
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, England, UK
| | - Melvyn Lloyd
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, England, UK
| | - Rachael Bowen
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, England, UK
| | - Lucinda Lillford
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, England, UK
| | - Robert Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Japan Flavor and Fragrance Materials Association, Sankei Nihonbashi Bldg 6F, 4-7-1 Nihonbashihon-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan
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Gong HY, Zheng F, Zhang C, Chen XY, Liu JJ, Yue XQ. Propofol protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in ischemic brain injury by increasing GLT-1 expression and inhibiting the activation of NMDAR via the JNK/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:943-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Omari-Siaw E, Zhu Y, Wang H, Peng W, Firempong CK, Wang YW, Cao X, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X. Hypolipidemic potential of perillaldehyde-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery system in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 85:112-22. [PMID: 26851382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the hypolipidemic effects of perillaldehyde-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery system (PAH-SNEDS) developed with D-optimal experimental design based on a three component system: 40% w/w drug-oil phase, X1 (a mixture of perillaldehyde-isopropyl myristate/medium chain triglyceride, 1:1, w/w); 48% surfactant, X2 (Kolliphor EL); and 12% co-surfactant, X3 (PEG 200). The design space was navigated using a linear model to produce spherical and homogenous droplets which were observed under TEM, with mean size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of 32.8 ± 0.1 nm, 0.270 ± 0.029 and -10.14 ± 0.66 mV, respectively. PAH-SNEDS demonstrated significant increase in dissolution in vitro compared to the free PAH, and further yielded an oral relative bioavailability of about 206.18% in vivo which suggested a promising formulation design for potential liquid bioactive compounds. Oral administration of PAH-SNEDS (240 mg/kg per body weight) in high-fat induced hyperlipidemia in mice, also significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The improved bioavailability and functional application of PAH via SNEDDS suggested a suitable approach to promote hypolipidemic effect of the drug. Perillaldehyde, therefore, promises to be a useful bioactive compound to prevent high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Omari-Siaw
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi-Ghana
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Houyong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Hao P. Monitoring of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits by ultrasonic contrast and its relationship with expression of VEGF in renal tissue. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:188-92. [PMID: 26919954 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in rabbits using the ultrasonic contrast technique and discuss the clinical value of ultrasonic contrast technique in the diagnosis of renal IRI by comparing the time-intensity curve of renal cortex and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of renal tissue. METHODS Twenty 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely Ctrl group, IRI-12 h, IRI-24 h and IRI-48 h groups. The two dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography was employed to determine and mark the position of rabbit kidney. Rabbits were given the intraperitoneal anesthesia with 20% urethane with the dosage of 5 mL/kg. The aseptic operation was performed after the local skin disinfection in the area of both kidneys. The right kidney of animals in the control group was excised without any treatment for the left kidney. After excising the right kidney of animals in groups of IRI-12 h, IRI-24 h and IRI-48 h, the aneurysm clip was used to clip the renal pedicle vessel of left kidney, in order to simulate the ischemia. Because of the tissue ischemia, it could be seen that the color of kidney was changed from bright red to dark red, which indicated the successful modeling of ischemia. The aneurysm clip was released after one hour of maintaining the ischemia. Then the kidney turned out to be bright red from dark red, which indicated that the reperfusion was completed. Taking this moment as the time of ischemia reperfusion, the wound was stitched up. A total of 12, 24 and 36 h after the operation, the two-dimensional and color Doppler flow imaging and ultrasonic contrast were employed for the examination. The dynamic changes of ultrasonic contrast were recorded. The quantitative analysis software (QontraXt) was adopted to analyze the time-intensity curve of echo at different positions of renal cortex. After the ultrasonic contrast testing, rabbits were put to death. The renal cortex tissue was isolated and the tissue RNA and total protein were extracted respectively. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the VEGF and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear relationship between these two variables. RESULTS The ultrasonic contrast could clearly reflect the process of IRI. The results of testing at mRNA and protein level indicated that the expression of VEGF in IRI groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the expression of VEGF was also increased by the time of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS There is the certain correlation between the expression of VEGF and process of IRI. The correlation coefficient between the ultrasonic contrast parameters of AT and TTP and the relative expression of VEGF is over 0.9, which indicates the relatively high correlation. But there is no significant difference in the change of perfusion peak intensity between groups, which has no correlation with the expression of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China.
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Neuroprotective effects of bisperoxovanadium on cerebral ischemia by inflammation inhibition. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Umbelliferone ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via upregulating the PPAR gamma expression and suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:182-7. [PMID: 26071904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Umbelliferone (UMB), a natural antioxidant belonging to coumarin derivatives, is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and protect neuronal cells from death. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of UMB in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Pretreatment with UMB (15 and 30 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days ameliorated the neurological outcomes, infarct volume and brain edema in brains of MCAO rats. Our results provided evidence that UMB significantly protected neuronal cells against cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced injury. Furthermore, UMB treatment could inhibited the level of oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines in brain tissues of MCAO rats. In addition, UMB significantly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which exhibited neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. UMB treatment also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via reducing expression of Thiredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP). These results suggest that UMB may have beneficial effects for neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemic partly through the inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of PPAR-γ.
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Song J, Park J, Jeong E, So AY, Pyee J, Park H. Apoptotic Effect of Pinosylvin at a High Concentration Regulated by c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2015.25.4.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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