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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Tang G, Zhang R, Yang Y, Yan X, Fan K. A Thrombin-Activated Peptide-Templated Nanozyme for Remedying Ischemic Stroke via Thrombolytic and Neuroprotective Actions. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2210144. [PMID: 36730098 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common causes of disability and death. Thrombolysis and neuroprotection are two current major therapeutic strategies to overcome ischemic and reperfusion damage. In this work, a novel peptide-templated manganese dioxide nanozyme (PNzyme/MnO2 ) is designed that integrates the thrombolytic activity of functional peptides with the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of nanozymes. Through self-assembled polypeptides that contain multiple functional motifs, the novel peptide-templated nanozyme is able to bind fibrin in the thrombus, cross the blood-brain barrier, and finally accumulate in the ischemic neuronal tissues, where the thrombolytic motif is "switched-on" by the action of thrombin. In mice and rat IS models, the PNzyme/MnO2 prolongs the blood-circulation time and exhibits strong thrombolytic action, and reduces the ischemic damages in brain tissues. Moreover, this peptide-templated nanozyme also effectively inhibits the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that the rationally designed PNzyme/MnO2 nanozyme exerts both thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions. Giving its long half-life in the blood and ability to target brain thrombi, the biocompatible nanozyme may serve as a novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy and prevent secondary thrombosis during the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Guoheng Tang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, 212200, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Yan F, Wang P, Yang X, Wang F. Long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS regulates ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-337-3p/YBX1 signaling pathway: protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2797-2811. [PMID: 37059588 PMCID: PMC10120896 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common neurological disease. Homeobox A11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been demonstrated as an important regulator in diverse human cancers. However, its function and regulatory mechanism in ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) have received wide attraction because of its neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to explore the possible link between Dex and HOXA11-AS in protecting neuronal cells from by ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) mouse model to test the link. We found that Dex significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced DNA fragmentation, cell viability and apoptosis, and rescued the decreased HOXA11-AS expression after ischemic damage in Neuro-2a cells. Gain-/loss-of-function studies revealed that HOXA11-AS promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells exposed to OGD/R. Knockdown of HOXA11-AS decreased the protective effect of Dex on OGD/R cells. HOXA11-AS was found to transcriptionally regulate microRNA-337-3p (miR-337-3p) expression as evidenced by luciferase reporter assay, while miR-337-3p expression was upregulated following ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Besides, knockdown of miR-337-3p protected OGD/R-induced apoptotic death of Neuro-2a cells. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and competed with Y box protein 1 (Ybx1) mRNA for directly binding to miR-337-3p, which protected ischemic neuronal death. Dex treatment protected against ischemic damage and improved overall neurological functions in vivo. Our data suggest a novel mechanism of Dex neuroprotection for ischemic stroke through regulating lncRNA HOXA11-AS by targeting the miR-337-3p/Ybx1 signaling pathway, which might help develop new strategies for the therapeutic interventions in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710115, China
| | - Pinxiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
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Abdelsalam SA, Renu K, Zahra HA, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Veeraraghavan VP, Sivalingam K, Ronsard L, Ammar RB, Vidya DS, Karuppaiya P, Al-Ramadan SY, Rajendran P. Polyphenols Mediate Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke-An Update. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051107. [PMID: 36904106 PMCID: PMC10005012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability, and it is due to be included in monetary implications on wellbeing frameworks around the world. Ischemic stroke is caused by interference in cerebral blood flow, leading to a deficit in the supply of oxygen to the affected region. It accounts for nearly 80-85% of all cases of stroke. Oxidative stress has a significant impact on the pathophysiologic cascade in brain damage leading to stroke. In the acute phase, oxidative stress mediates severe toxicity, and it initiates and contributes to late-stage apoptosis and inflammation. Oxidative stress conditions occur when the antioxidant defense in the body is unable to counteract the production and aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The previous literature has shown that phytochemicals and other natural products not only scavenge oxygen free radicals but also improve the expressions of cellular antioxidant enzymes and molecules. Consequently, these products protect against ROS-mediated cellular injury. This review aims to give an overview of the most relevant data reported in the literature on polyphenolic compounds, namely, gallic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, mangiferin, epigallocatechin, and pinocembrin, in terms of their antioxidant effects and potential protective activity against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Hamad Abu Zahra
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebai Ben Ammar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Technopole of Borj-Cedria, P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Devanathadesikan Seshadri Vidya
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniyandi Karuppaiya
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - S. Y. Al-Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Chennai 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-0135899543
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Wang J, Xu J, Dong Y, Su Z, Su H, Cheng Q, Liu X. ADP-ribose transferase PARP16 mediated-unfolded protein response contributes to neuronal cell damage in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22788. [PMID: 36692424 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201426rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is known to cause the accumulation of misfolded proteins and loss of calcium homeostasis, leading to impairment of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). PARP16 is an active (ADP-ribosyl)transferase known tail-anchored ER transmembrane protein with a cytosolic catalytic domain. Here, we find PARP16 is highly expressed in ischemic cerebral hemisphere and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated immortalized hippocampal neuronal cell HT22. Using an adeno-associated virus-mediated PARP16 knockdown approach in mice, we find PARP16 knockdown decreases infarct demarcations and has a better neurological outcome after ischemic stroke. Our data indicate PARP16 knockdown decreases ER stress and neuronal death caused by OGD/R, whereas PARP16 overexpression promotes ER stress-mediated cell damage in primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, PARP16 functions mechanistically as ADP-ribosyltransferase to modulate the level of ADP-ribosylation of the corresponding PERK and IRE1α arm of the UPR, and such modifications mediate activation of PERK and IRE1α. Indeed, pharmacological stimulation of the UPR using Brefeldin A partly counteracts PARP16 knockdown-mediated neuronal protection upon OGD/R treatment. In conclusion, PARP16 plays a crucial role in post-ischemic UPR and PARP16 knockdown alleviates brain injury after ischemic stroke. This study demonstrates the potential of the PARP16-PERK/IRE1α axis as a target for neuronal survival in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Wang
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejun Dong
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibi Su
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Cheng
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou ZW, Ren X, Zheng LJ, Li AP, Zhou WS. LncRNA NEAT1 ameliorate ischemic stroke via promoting Mfn2 expression through binding to Nova and activates Sirt3. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:653-664. [PMID: 35067795 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have significant roles in regulating the pathogenesis of ischemia stroke, and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced cell apoptosis. Aberrant expression of NEAT1 was found after the injury of ischemia-reperfusion, but the mechanism was not fully understood. METHODS The expression of NEAT1 and Mfn2 were detected in BV-2 and N2a cell with or without OGD/R-induced by qRT-PCR. Inflammatory cytokines secretion was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The oxidative stress was evaluated by the examination of ROS, MDA and SOD levels. Flow cytometry and apoptosis marker detection by western blot were performed to examined apoptosis. RESULTS The expression of NEAT1 and Mfn2 were decreased in OGD/R-induced cell model. Overexpression of NEAT1 or Mfn2 reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis by OGD/R-induced in neuronal cells, while knockdown of Sirt3 reversed the protective effect of NEAT1 and Mfn2. NEAT1 stabilized Mfn2 mRNA via recruiting Nova. NEAT1 alleviates the oxidative stress and apoptosis by OGD/R-induced via activating Sirt3. CONCLUSION LncRNA NEAT1 stabilizes Mfn2 mRNA via recruiting Nova, therefore increase the expression of Mfn2 and alleviates ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Mfn2/Sirt3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Cai M, Mao GX, Shu QF, Liu XB, Liu XL. Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea L. and Its Components for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:736198. [PMID: 34803686 PMCID: PMC8602078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.736198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Rhodiola rosea L. has long been used as traditional medicines in Europe and Asia to treat a variety of common conditions and diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunctions, cancer, and stroke. Previous studies reported that Rhodiola rosea L. and its components (RRC) improve ischemia stroke in animal models. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for preclinical studies to evaluate the effects of RRC and the probable neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Methods: Studies of RRC on ischemic stroke animal models were searched in seven databases from inception to Oct 2021. The primary measured outcomes included the neural functional deficit score (NFS), infarct volume (IV), brain water content, cell viability, apoptotic cells, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. The secondary outcome measures were possible mechanisms of RRC for ischemic stroke. All the data were analyzed via RevMan version 5.3. Results: 15 studies involving 345 animals were identified. Methodological quality for each included studies was accessed according to the CAMARADES 10-item checklist. The quality score of studies range from 1 to 7, and the median was 5.53. Pooled preclinical data showed that compared with the controls, RRC could improve NFS (Zea Longa (p < 0.01), modified neurological severity score (mNSS) (p < 0.01), rotarod tests (p < 0.01), IV (p < 0.01), as well as brain edema (p < 0.01). It also can increase cell viability (p < 0.01), Bcl-2 level (p < 0.01) and reduce TNF-α level (p < 0.01), TUNEL-positive cells (p < 0.01), apoptotic cells (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings suggested that RRC can improve ischemia stroke. The possible mechanisms of RRC are largely through antioxidant, anti-apoptosis activities, anti-inflammatory, repressing lipid peroxidation, antigliosis, and alleviating the pathological blood brain barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gen-Xiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Fen Shu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The No.1 People's Hospital of Pinghu, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu J, Li Z, Ji Z, Wu Y, He Y, Liu K, Chang Y, Peng Y, Lin Z, Wang S, Wang D, Huang K, Pan S. Glycocalyx is critical for blood-brain barrier integrity by suppressing caveolin1-dependent endothelial transcytosis following ischemic stroke. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13006. [PMID: 34286899 PMCID: PMC8713524 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is related to the occurrence and deterioration of neurological dysfunction in ischemic stroke, which leads to the extravasation of blood‐borne substances, resulting in vasogenic edema and increased mortality. However, a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the restrictive properties of the BBB hinders the manipulation of the BBB in disease and treatment. Here, we found that the glycocalyx (GCX) is a critical factor in the regulation of brain endothelial barrier integrity. First, endothelial GCX displayed a biphasic change pattern, of which the timescale matched well with the biphasic evolution of BBB permeability to tracers within the first week after t‐MCAO. Moreover, GCX destruction with hyaluronidase increased BBB permeability in healthy mice and aggravated BBB leakage in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t‐MCAO) mice. Surprisingly, ultrastructural observation showed that GCX destruction was accompanied by increased endothelial transcytosis at the ischemic BBB, while the tight junctions remained morphologically and functionally intact. Knockdown of caveolin1 (Cav1) suppressed endothelial transcytosis, leading to reduced BBB permeability, and brain edema. Lastly, a coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that GCX degradation enhanced the interaction between syndecan1 and Src by promoting the binding of phosphorylated syndecan1 to the Src SH2 domain, which led to rapid modulation of cytoskeletal proteins to promote caveolae‐mediated endocytosis. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the dynamic degradation and reconstruction of GCX may account for the biphasic changes in BBB permeability in ischemic stroke, and reveal an essential role of GCX in suppressing transcellular transport in brain endothelial cells to maintain BBB integrity. Targeting GCX may provide a novel strategy for managing BBB dysfunction and central nervous system drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua He
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Lin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie W, Wang X, Xiao T, Cao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Zhang S. Protective Effects and Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury: A Pharmacological Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:604811. [PMID: 34276353 PMCID: PMC8283782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, only a limited number of drugs are available for treating ischemic stroke. Hence, studies aiming to explore and develop other potential strategies and agents for preventing and treating ischemic stroke are urgently needed. Ginseng Rb1 (GRb1), a saponin from natural active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We conducted this review to explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of GRb1 on cerebral ischemic injury, providing a valuable reference and insights for developing new agents to treat ischemic stroke. Our summarized results indicate that GRb1 exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro, and these network actions and underlying mechanisms are mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities and involve the inhibition of excitotoxicity and Ca2+ influx, preservation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and maintenance of energy metabolism. These findings indicate the potential of GRb1 as a candidate drug for treating ischemic stroke. Further studies, in particular clinical trials, will be important to confirm its therapeutic value in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen SJ, Zhang AQ, Dai QX, Lin FH, Wang JL, Huang LP. [Effect of Yes-associated protein in regulation of electroacupuncture pretreatment on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2021; 41:651-6. [PMID: 34085483 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20201108-k0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) of ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats, and to explore the possible mechanism of its neuroprotection effect. METHODS A total of 84 SD rats were randomized into a sham operation group (12 rats), a model group (18 rats), an EA group (18 rats), an EA+YAP virus transfection group (18 rats) and an EA+virus control group (18 rats). Except for the sham operation group, thread embolization method was adopted to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats of the other groups. EA was applied at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) for 30 min in the 3 EA intervention groups 2 h before model establishment, disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency and 1 mA in intensity. Adenovirus transfection technique was used to induce gene silencing of YAP in the EA+YAP virus transfection group, and adenovirus vectors was injected as negative control in the EA+virus control group 4 d before model establishment. Twenty-four hours after model establishment, neurological function score was evaluated, the relative cerebral infarction area was observed by TTC staining, the apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was detected by TUNEL staining, the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was detected by ELISA method, the expression of YAP was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of YAP was increased in the model group (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of YAP in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was increased in the EA group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham operation group, the neurological function score, the percentage of TUNEL positive cells and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex were increased in the model group (P<0.001, P<0.01); compared with the model group, the neurological function score, the relative cerebral infarction area, the percentage of TUNEL positive cells and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex were decreased in the EA group (P<0.05, P<0.01); compared with the EA group, the neurological function score, the relative cerebral infarction area, the percentage of TUNEL positive cells and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex were increased in the EA+YAP virus transfection group (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with the EA+YAP virus transfection group, the neurological function score, the relative cerebral infarction area, the percentage of TUNEL positive cells and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex were decreased in the EA+virus control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture pretreatment can effectively improve the ischemia reperfusion injury, its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of YAP in the ischemic penumbra of cerebral cortex and relieving the apoptosis and inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - An-Qi Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine/School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Qin-Xue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei-Hong Lin
- First School of Clinical Medicine/School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jun-Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu-Ping Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
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10
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhu Y, Li Y, Ouyang F, Chu L, Liu D. Mir-184 Contributes to Brain Injury Through Targeting PPAP2B Following Ischemic Stroke in Male Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:613887. [PMID: 33833666 PMCID: PMC8021718 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.613887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that miR-184 expression is significantly altered in the brain following ischemic stroke in rats. However, it is unknown whether this alteration in miR-184 expression contributes to brain injury after ischemic stroke. Here, we aim to address the potential of miR-184 to impact nerve injury following ischemia and reperfusion. Rats received ICV injection of miR-184 adenovirus or empty vector and were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to establish an ischemic stroke model. We cultured SH-SY5Y cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and transfected them with miR-184 lentivirus to explore the primary mechanisms. To evaluate miR-184 expression, neurological function deficits, the cerebral infarct volume, cell viability, and apoptosis, qRT-PCR analysis of miR-184 expression, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) system, TTC staining, the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were utilized. We found that miR-184 expression was downregulated and that the cerebral infarct volume and mNSSs were increased following ischemic stroke; however, increasing the level of miR-184 alleviated brain damage. Overexpression of miR-184 resulted in increased viability and reduced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells following OGD/R in vitro. We identified the phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2B (PPAP2B) gene as a direct target gene of miR-184. In summary, our results reveal that attenuation of miR-184 levels in ischemic stroke contributes to ischemic injury through targeting PPAP2B mRNA-mediated apoptosis, which may be a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingwu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fu Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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11
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Yao Y, Zhang Y, Liao X, Yang R, Lei Y, Luo J. Potential Therapies for Cerebral Edema After Ischemic Stroke: A Mini Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:618819. [PMID: 33613264 PMCID: PMC7890111 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.618819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of global mortality and disability. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are common complications of cerebral infarction and the major causes of mortality. The formation of cerebral edema includes three stages (cytotoxic edema, ionic edema, and vasogenic edema), which involve multiple proteins and ion channels. A range of therapeutic agents that successfully target cerebral edema have been developed in animal studies, some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Herein, we review the mechanisms of cerebral edema and the research progress of anti-edema therapies for use after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yang
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lei
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhao Luo
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Silva Dos Santos J, Gonçalves Cirino JP, de Oliveira Carvalho P, Ortega MM. The Pharmacological Action of Kaempferol in Central Nervous System Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:565700. [PMID: 33519431 PMCID: PMC7838523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (KPF) is a flavonoid antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Many studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary KPF in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, especially cancer. Nevertheless, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying KPF actions in the central nervous system (CNS). Also, the relationship between KPF structural properties and their glycosylation and the biological benefits of these compounds is unclear. The aim of this study was to review studies published in the PubMed database during the last 10 years (2010–2020), considering only experimental articles that addressed the isolated cell effect of KPF (C15H10O6) and its derivatives in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, ischemia stroke, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, neuropathic pain, and glioblastoma. 27 publications were included in the present review, which presented recent advances in the effects of KPF on the nervous system. KPF has presented a multipotential neuroprotective action through the modulation of several proinflammatory signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), serine/threonine kinase (AKT), and β-catenin cascade. In addition, there are different biological benefits and pharmacokinetic behaviors between KPF aglycone and its glycosides. The antioxidant nature of KPF was observed in all neurological diseases through MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9 metalloproteinase inhibition; reactive oxygen species generation inhibition; endogenous antioxidants modulation as superoxide dismutase and glutathione; formation and aggregation of beta-amyloid (β-A) protein inhibition; and brain protective action through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), important for neural plasticity. In conclusion, we suggest that KPF and some glycosylated derivatives (KPF-3-O-rhamnoside, KPF-3-O-glucoside, KPF-7-O-rutinoside, and KPF-4′-methyl ether) have a multipotential neuroprotective action in CNS diseases, and further studies may make the KPF effect mechanisms in those pathologies clearer. Future in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of KPF action in CNS diseases as well as the impact of glycosylation on KPF bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Gonçalves Cirino
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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13
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Kong ZL, Hsu YT, Johnson A, Tsai TH, Miao S, He JL, Tsou D. Protective effects of Antrodia camphorata extract against hypoxic cell injury and ischemic stroke brain damage. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1609-1620. [PMID: 33103286 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent stroke condition in the world resulted in either a transient ischemic attack or long-lasting neurological problems due to the interrupted or reduced blood flow to the brain. Antrodia camphorata is a well-known medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan and is familiar due to its medicinal effects. The current study investigated the protective effect of A. camphorata-alcohol extracts (AC-AE) against cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2 )-induced oxidative stress in vitro and ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in vivo. The rats were pre-treated with AC-AE for 4 weeks. Our results showed that AC-AE reduced cell damage and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C6 and PC12 cells under CoCl2 -induced hypoxic condition. AC-AE doses (385, 770, 1,540 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in Sprague Dawley rat. Besides, it decreased stroke infarct size and increased the level of antioxidants in both brain and serum. Furthermore, it reduced the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our results suggested that AC-AE exerted an effective reduction of ischemia stroke by regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Chi Hsien Spine Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Jia-Ling He
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
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14
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Dong Y, Qu J, Zhang Z, Wang C, Dong Q. Human urinary kallidinogenase in treating acute ischemic stroke patients: analyses of pooled data from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase IIb and phase III clinical trial. Neurol Res 2020; 42:286-290. [PMID: 32138624 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1711648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy are recommended for patients whose stroke onsets are within first 6 h, and very few options are available for patients whose stroke onset is more than 6 h, which includes most ischemic stroke patients. Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) showed potential clinical benefits in acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aims to investigate the safety and clinical benefits of HUK in ischemic stroke patients.Patients and methods: Patients were recruited for a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II b and phase III trial. Neurophysiological outcomes were assessed by the European Stroke Scale (ESS) and the functional outcomes were assessed by the activity of daily living scale (ADL). Safety was monitored by recording adverse events.Results: The improvements in ESS scores and ADL scores in the HUK group were significantly greater than that in patients receiving placebo. Furthermore, HUK treatment was also associated with a lower rate of disable, according to ADL. HUK-related adverse events occurred at a low rate, in 1.73% of HUK-treated patients.Conclusion: HUK is safe and provides potential clinical benefits as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Further large post-marketing observational studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhi Qu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Xie W, Zhou P, Sun Y, Meng X, Dai Z, Sun G, Sun X. Protective Effects and Target Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Overview of Experimental Studies. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120270. [PMID: 30545139 PMCID: PMC6316103 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high mortality, high recurrence, and high disability. However, only a limited number of antithrombotic drugs, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA), aspirin, and heparin, are currently available for ischemic stroke, and its safety concerns is inevitable which associated with reperfusion injury and hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and examine some potential neuroprotective agents with treatment for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury to reduce safety concerns caused by antithrombotic drugs in ischemic stroke. Ginseng Rg1 (G-Rg1) is a saponin composed of natural active ingredients and derived from the roots or stems of Panax notoginseng and ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine. Its pharmacological effects exert remarkable neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. To explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, we conducted this review, in which we searched the PubMed database to obtain and organize studies concerning the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study provides a valuable reference and clues for the development of new agents to combat ischemic stroke. Our summarized review and analysis show that the pharmacological effects of and mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Rg1 activity against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mainly involve 4 sets of mechanisms: anti-oxidant activity and associated apoptosis via the Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, PPARγ/HO-1, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways (or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway) and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway; anti-inflammatory and immune stimulatory-related activities that involve apoptosis or necrosis via MAPK pathways (the JNK1/2 + ERK1/2 and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), high mobility group protein1 (HMGB1)-induced TLR2/4/9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways, and the activation of NF-κB; neurological cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration via the MAPK pathways (JNK1/2 + ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt/mTOR, PKB/Akt and HIF-1α/VEGF pathways); and energy metabolism and the regulation of cellular ATP levels, the blood-brain barrier and other effects via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, ERS, and AMP/AMPK-GLUT pathways. Collectively, these mechanisms result in significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury. These findings will be valuable in that they should further promote the development of candidate drugs and provide more information to support the application of previous findings in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yifan Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziru Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Wang R, Bao H, Zhang S, Li R, Chen L, Zhu Y. miR-186-5p Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting IGF-1 in SH-SY5Y OGD/R Model. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1791-1799. [PMID: 30443183 PMCID: PMC6231212 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs play critical roles in ischemia stroke. This study was designed to investigate the expression level and effects of microRNA (miR)-186-5p on ischemia stroke, and its underlying molecular mechanism. Firstly, we demonstrated that miR-186-5p were significantly up-regulated and induced apoptosis in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model. Moreover, we found that miR-186-5p reduced the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, an essential factor for the development of the nervous system. Meanwhile, miR-186-5p inhibitor enhanced cell viability and IGF-1 expression. Furthermore, IGF-1 was confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-186-5p by luciferase activity assay. In addition, miR-186-5p was upregulated in ischemia stroke patients' serum compared with healthy donors. These data demonstrated that miR-186-5p was an adverse factor by inducing neuron apoptosis and suppressing IGF-1 in ischemia stroke model, and suggested that miR-186-5p may be a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for ischemia stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
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17
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Abstract
Poststroke depression is independently associated with poor health outcomes, such as increased mortality, disability, anxiety, and lower quality of life. Identifying the potential biomarkers and detailed mechanisms of poststroke depression may improve the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. In this cross-sectional study, the authors recruited patients with subacute ischemic stroke who were consecutively admitted for neurorehabilitation. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a cutoff based on a summed-items score of 10. Polysomnography and laboratory tests for oxidative stress and inflammation were arranged. In total, 139 patients (97 men [69.8%] and 42 women [30.2%]; mean age: 63.2 years [±13.4]) with recent ischemic stroke were recruited and divided into two groups based on their depressive symptoms. Body mass index (BMI), the Barthel Index, percentage of antidepressant usage, and percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep differed significantly between the two groups. The PHQ-9 score was significantly correlated with the levels of total antioxidant capacity, C-reactive protein, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Urinary 8-OHdG, a marker of oxidative stress to DNA, remained significantly and positively correlated with PHQ-9 scores after adjusting for BMI, sleep-onset latency, Barthel Index, mean oxyhemoglobin saturation, age, antidepressant usage, and percentage of REM sleep by using multivariate linear regression. Depressive symptoms were related to increased oxidative DNA damage in patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Urinary 8-OHdG may serve as a potential biomarker for poststroke depression. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship between poststroke depression and elevated oxidative stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yao Chen
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C); and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C)
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C); and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C)
| | - Yao-Hung Yang
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C); and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C)
| | - Chien-Hui Ho
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C); and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C)
| | - Wen-Chun Tseng
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-Y C, Y-H Y, C-H H, W-C T); the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C); and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-L C)
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18
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Shen Y, Gu J, Liu Z, Xu C, Qian S, Zhang X, Zhou B, Guan Q, Sun Y, Wang Y, Jin X. Inhibition of HIF-1α Reduced Blood Brain Barrier Damage by Regulating MMP-2 and VEGF During Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:288. [PMID: 30233326 PMCID: PMC6132021 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability after acute ischemia stroke is a predictor to intracerebral hemorrhage transformation (HT) for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis and post-endovascular treatment. Previous studies showed that 2-h ischemia induced damage of BBB integrity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) made major contribution to this disruption. A recent study showed that blocking β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) alleviated ischemia-induced BBB injury by reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) level. In this study, we sought to investigate the interaction of HIF-1α with MMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BBB injury after acute ischemia stroke. Rat suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to mimic ischemia condition. Our results showed that ischemia produced BBB damage and MMP-2/9 upregulation was colocalized with Rhodamine-dextran leakage. Pretreatment with YC-1, a HIF-1α inhibitor, alleviated 2-h ischemia-induced BBB injury significantly accompanied by decrease of MMP-2 upregulation. In addition, YC-1 also prevented VEGF-induced BBB damage. Of note, VEGF was shown to be colocalized with neurons but not astrocytes. Taken together, BBB damage was reduced by inhibition of interaction of HIF-1α with MMP-2 and VEGF during acute cerebral ischemia. These findings provide mechanisms underlying BBB damage after acute ischemia stroke and may help reduce thrombolysis- and post-endovascular treatment-related cerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jingxia Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ziyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Congying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuxia Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Beiqun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiaobing Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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19
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Ling C, Liang J, Zhang C, Li R, Mou Q, Qin J, Li X, Wang J. Synergistic Effects of Salvianolic Acid B and Puerarin on Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030564. [PMID: 29498696 PMCID: PMC6017479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. It has been a worldwide critical disease threatening to the health and life of human beings. Despite significant progresses achieved, effective treatment still remains a formidable challenge due to the complexity of the disease. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) and Puerarin (Pue) are two active neuroprotectants isolated from traditional Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Kudzu root respectively, which have been used for the prevention and treatment of IS for thousands of years in China. The activities of two compounds against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury have been confirmed via various pathways. However, the therapeutic efficacy of any of the two components is still unsatisfied. In the present study, the effect of the combination of Sal-B and Pue on IS was evaluated and validated in vitro and in vivo. The ratio of two compounds was firstly optimized based on the results of CoCl₂ damaged PC12 cells model. The co-administration exhibited significantly protective effect in CoCl₂ induced PC12 cells injury model by reducing ROS, inhibiting apoptosis and improving mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro. Moreover, Sal-B + Pue significantly relieved neurological deficit scores and infarct area than Sal-B or Pue alone in vivo. The results indicated that neuroprotection mechanism of Sal-B + Pue was related to TLR4/MyD88 and SIRT1 activation signaling pathway to achieve synergistic effect, due to the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In conclusion, the combination of Sal-B and Pue exerted much stronger neuroprotective effect than Sal-B or Pue alone, which provides a potential new drug and has great significance for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jianming Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qianqian Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
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20
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Abstract
Stroke is considered to be an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The high incidence and poor prognosis of stroke suggest that it is a highly disabling and highly lethal disease which can pose a serious threat to human health. Nitric oxide (NO), a common gas in nature, which is often thought as a toxic gas, because of its intimate relationship with the pathological processes of many diseases, especially in the regulation of blood flow and cell inflammation. However, recent years have witnessed an increased interest that NO plays a significant and positive role in stroke as an essential gas signal molecule. In view of the fact that the neuroprotective effect of NO is closely related to its concentration, cell type and time, only in the appropriate circumstances can NO play a protective effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of NO in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ru-Tao Mou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Feng
- Department of Scott & White Clinic-Temple, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Cai Q, Xu G, Liu J, Wang L, Deng G, Liu J, Chen Z. A modification of intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model for ischemic stroke with laser Doppler flowmetry guidance in mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2851-2858. [PMID: 27843320 PMCID: PMC5098775 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s118531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the common causes of death and disability in the world. The intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model is a "gold standard" in surgical ischemic stroke models. Here, we optimized the procedure of this model by ligating on external carotid artery (ECA) stump and two ligatures prepared on internal carotid artery, which could improve the success and survival rate in mice. The results show that ECA approach was superior to common carotid artery approach. Meanwhile, we found that the exposure of pterygopalatine artery was not an essential step for MCAO/R model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
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22
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Chen J, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhao B, Chen Y. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cellular membrane microparticles in db/db diabetic mouse: possible implications in cerebral ischemic damage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E62-71. [PMID: 21505143 PMCID: PMC3129837 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00026.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For determining the implications of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) and cellular membrane microparticles (MPs) in diabetic stroke, levels of EPCs, EPC-MPs, and endothelium-derived MPs (EMPs) and their correlations with blood glucose concentration, cerebral microvascular density (cMVD), and ischemic damage were investigated in type 2 diabetic db/db and db/+ (wild-type control) mice. Therapeutic efficacy of EPC infusion (preincubated with MPs) was also explored. Ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Ischemic damage and cMVD were determined using histological analyses. The levels of cEPCs and MPs were determined using flow cytometric analyses. EPC generation and functions were evaluated by in vitro cell cultures. Results showed the following. 1) In db/db mice, the basal level of cEPCs was less and cMVDs were lower, but the levels of circulating EPC-MPs and EMPs were more; 2) MCAO induced a larger infarct volume and less of an increase in cEPCs in db/db mice; 3) the level of cEPCs correlated with blood glucose concentration (negatively), cMVD (positively), and ischemic damage (negatively), but the levels of EPC-MPs and EMPs correlated inversely with those parameters; 4) EPCs were reduced and dysfunctional in db/db mice, and preincubation with db/db MPs impaired EPC functions; and 5) infusion of EPCs preincubated with db/+ MPs increased the level of cEPCs and reduced ischemic damage, and these beneficial effects were reduced or lost in EPCs preincubated with db/db MPs. These data suggest that reduced cEPCs, impaired EPC generation/function, and increased production of MPs might be the mechanisms responsible for increased ischemic damage seen in db/db mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Cells/pathology
- Blood Cells/physiology
- Brain Ischemia/blood
- Brain Ischemia/etiology
- Brain Ischemia/pathology
- Cell-Derived Microparticles/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Homozygote
- Hypoxia, Brain/blood
- Hypoxia, Brain/etiology
- Hypoxia, Brain/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Risk Factors
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Stem Cells/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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