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Seyed Aliyan SM, Roohbakhsh A, Jafari Fakhrabad M, Salmasi Z, Moshiri M, Shahbazi N, Etemad L. Evaluating the Protective Effects of Thymoquinone on Methamphetamine-induced Toxicity in an In Vitro Model Based on Differentiated PC12 Cells. Altern Lab Anim 2024; 52:94-106. [PMID: 38445454 DOI: 10.1177/02611929241237409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive stimulant. Its potential neurotoxic effects are mediated through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress and the initiation of the apoptotic process. Thymoquinone (TQ), obtained from Nigella sativa seed oil, has extensive antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TQ against Meth-induced toxicity by using an in vitro model based on nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. Cell differentiation was assessed by detecting the presence of a neuronal marker with flow cytometry. The effects of Meth exposure were evaluated in the in vitro neuronal cell-based model via the determination of cell viability (in an MTT assay) and apoptosis (by annexin/propidium iodide staining). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine, were also determined. The model was used to determine the protective effects of 0.5, 1 and 2 μM TQ against Meth-induced toxicity (at 1 mM). The results showed that TQ reduced Meth-induced neurotoxicity, possibly through the inhibition of ROS generation and apoptosis, and by helping to maintain GSH and dopamine levels. Thus, the impact of TQ treatment on Meth-induced neurotoxicity could warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jafari Fakhrabad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahar Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niosha Shahbazi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Miyazawa D, Suzuki K, Sato H, Katsurayama N, Tahira T, Mizutani H, Ohara N. Docosahexaenoic acid contributes to increased CaMKII protein expression and a tendency to increase nNOS protein expression in differentiated NG108-15 cells. Drug Discov Ther 2023:2023.01003. [PMID: 37245984 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has various important roles in brain functions. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and Ca2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is also involved in brain functions. We investigated the influence of DHA on nNOS and CaMKII protein expression in differentiated NG108-15 cells. NG108-15 cells were seeded in 12-well plates, and after 24 h, the medium was replaced with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum, 0.2 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 100 nM dexamethasone as differentiation-inducing medium. When cells were cultured in differentiation-inducing medium, neurite-like outgrowths were observed on days 5 and 6. However, no significant difference in morphology was observed in cells with or without DHA treatment. With or without DHA addition, nNOS protein expression was increased on days 5 and 6 compared with day 0. This increase tended to be enhanced by DHA. CaMKII protein expression did not change after differentiation without DHA, but was significantly increased on day 6 compared with day 0 with DHA addition. These data indicate that DHA is involved in brain functions by regulating CaMKII and nNOS protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinari Suzuki
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikari Sato
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Tahira
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Ohara
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Li R, Song B, Xu L, Zheng J, Pan W, Cai F, Wang J, Wu Y, Song W. Regulation of USP25 by SP1 Associates with Amyloidogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1459-1472. [PMID: 36938736 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisomy 21, an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21), causes most Down's syndrome (DS) cases. Individuals with DS inevitably develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological phenotypes after middle age including amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 25 (USP25), encoding by USP25 gene located on HSA21, is a deubiquitinating enzyme, which plays an important role in both DS and AD pathogenesis. However, the regulation of USP25 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the regulation of USP25 by specificity protein 1 (SP1) in neuronal cells and its potential role in amyloidogenesis. METHODS The transcription start site and promoter activity was identified by SMART-RACE and Dual-luciferase assay. Functional SP1-responsive elements were examined by EMSA. USP25 expression was examined by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA were applied or statistical analysis. RESULTS The transcription start site of human USP25 gene was identified. Three functional SP1 responsive elements in human USP25 gene were revealed. SP1 promotes USP25 transcription and subsequent USP25 protein expression, while SP1 inhibition significantly reduces USP25 expression in both non-neuronal and neuronal cells. Moreover, SP1 inhibition dramatically reduces amyloidogenesis. CONCLUSION We demonstrates that transcription factor SP1 regulates USP25 gene expression, which associates with amyloidogenesis. It suggests that SP1 signaling may play an important role in USP25 regulation and contribute to USP25-mediated DS and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Juelu Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang J, Xu J, Dong Y, Su Z, Su H, Cheng Q, Liu X. ADP-ribose transferase PARP16 mediated-unfolded protein response contributes to neuronal cell damage in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22788. [PMID: 36692424 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201426rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is known to cause the accumulation of misfolded proteins and loss of calcium homeostasis, leading to impairment of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). PARP16 is an active (ADP-ribosyl)transferase known tail-anchored ER transmembrane protein with a cytosolic catalytic domain. Here, we find PARP16 is highly expressed in ischemic cerebral hemisphere and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated immortalized hippocampal neuronal cell HT22. Using an adeno-associated virus-mediated PARP16 knockdown approach in mice, we find PARP16 knockdown decreases infarct demarcations and has a better neurological outcome after ischemic stroke. Our data indicate PARP16 knockdown decreases ER stress and neuronal death caused by OGD/R, whereas PARP16 overexpression promotes ER stress-mediated cell damage in primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, PARP16 functions mechanistically as ADP-ribosyltransferase to modulate the level of ADP-ribosylation of the corresponding PERK and IRE1α arm of the UPR, and such modifications mediate activation of PERK and IRE1α. Indeed, pharmacological stimulation of the UPR using Brefeldin A partly counteracts PARP16 knockdown-mediated neuronal protection upon OGD/R treatment. In conclusion, PARP16 plays a crucial role in post-ischemic UPR and PARP16 knockdown alleviates brain injury after ischemic stroke. This study demonstrates the potential of the PARP16-PERK/IRE1α axis as a target for neuronal survival in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Wang
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejun Dong
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibi Su
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Cheng
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shin SM, Baek EJ, Oh DY, Kim KH, Kim KJ, Park EJ. Functional validation of co-culture model of human keratinocytes and neuronal cell line for sensitive skin by using transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 antagonist. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13275. [PMID: 36704884 PMCID: PMC9838752 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is a subjective cutaneous hyper-reactivity that occurs in response to various innocuous stimuli. Keratinocytes have recently been shown to participate in sensory transduction by releasing many neuroactive molecules that bind to intra-epidermal free nerve endings and modulate nociception. In the literature, the characterization of these interactions has been based on the co-culture of keratinocyte and mammalian-origin neuronal cell lines. In this study, we established an in vitro model based on a co-culture of primary human keratinocytes and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuronal cell line. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes and SH-SY5Y cells were monocultured and co-cultured. Changes in calcium influx, substance P, inflammatory cytokines, and neuropeptides between the monoculture and co-culture groups treated with capsaicin only and capsaicin with transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol (TTBC), together. In addition, the difference in stinging sensation was evaluated by applying it to the volunteers. RESULTS When SH-SY5Y cells were co-cultured with keratinocytes, they had no significant effect on axonal development. Substance P was also released after capsaicin treatment and reduced by TTBC under co-culture conditions. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides was significantly increased in co-cultured keratinocytes compared to that under monoculture conditions. In addition, the stinging sensation was significantly induced after the application of capsaicin in vivo and was relieved after the application of the TRPV1 antagonist. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the novel co-culture model is functionally valid through capsaicin and TRPV1 antagonist. We also confirmed that TTBC could be used for the treatment of sensitive skin through a co-culture model and in vivo tests. This co-culture model of keratinocytes and SH-SY5Y cells may be useful in vitro alternatives for studying the close communication between keratinocytes and neuronal cells and for screening therapeutic drugs for sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym Institute for Translational Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Joong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Mori A, Yano E, Nishikiori M, Fujino S, Nakahara T. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-mediated vasodilation is attenuated in the retinas of diabetic rats. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1193-1199. [PMID: 35485610 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2072896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors enhances nitric oxide (NO) production in retinal neuronal cells, and in turn, NO released from neuronal cells induces glial cell-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles in rats. The purpose of this study was to examine how neuronal cell-dependent, glial cell-mediated vasodilation is impacted in diabetic rat retinas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male Wistar rats by combining streptozotocin injection and D-glucose feeding. Two weeks later, the dilator function of retinal arterioles was assessed. RESULTS Compared with non-diabetic rats, the dilator responses of retinal arterioles induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA and NOR3, an NO donor, were reduced in diabetic rats. Following the blockade of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels with iberiotoxin, no significant difference in the retinal vasodilator response to NOR3 was observed between non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Intravitreal injection of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, a vasodilatory factor released from glial cells, dilated retinal arterioles, and the response was diminished by diabetes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the impaired BKCa channel function in vascular cells is responsible for the diminished neuronal cell-dependent, glial cell-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles during the early stage of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.,Present address: Asami Mori, Ph.D., Laboratory of Medical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Erika Yano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Nishikiori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Saho Fujino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Ayabe T, Takahashi C, Ohya R, Ano Y. β-Lactolin improves mitochondrial function in Aβ-treated mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line and a human iPSC-derived neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22277. [PMID: 35319792 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101366rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Lactolin, a whey-derived glycine-threonine-tryptophan-tyrosine tetrapeptide, has been previously reported to prevent AD-like pathologies in an AD mouse model via regulation of microglial functions. However, the direct effect of β-lactolin on neuronal cells and neuronal mitochondrial functions remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of β-lactolin on mitochondrial functions in amyloid β (Aβ)-treated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells and human induced-pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived AD model neurons. Adding β-lactolin to Aβ-treated HT22 cells increased both the oxygen consumption rate and cellular ATP concentrations, suggesting that β-lactolin improves mitochondrial respiration and energy production. Using high content image analysis, we found that β-lactolin improved mitochondrial fragmentation, membrane potential, and oxidative stress in Aβ-treated cells, eventually preventing neuronal cell death. From a mechanistic perspective, we found that β-lactolin increased gene expression of mitofusin-2, which contributes to mitochondrial fusion events. Finally, we showed that β-lactolin improves both mitochondrial morphologies and membrane potentials in hiPSC-derived AD model neurons. Taken together, β-lactolin improved mitochondrial functions AD-related neuronal cell models and prevented neuronal cell death. The dual function of β-lactolin on both neuron and microglia marks an advantage in maintaining neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Chika Takahashi
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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Sala F, Ficorella C, Martínez Vázquez R, Eichholz HM, Käs JA, Osellame R. Rapid Prototyping of 3D Biochips for Cell Motility Studies Using Two-Photon Polymerization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664094. [PMID: 33928074 PMCID: PMC8078855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cellular migration dynamics and strategies plays a relevant role in the understanding of both physiological and pathological processes. An important example could be the link between cancer cell motility and tumor evolution into metastatic stage. These strategies can be strongly influenced by the extracellular environment and the consequent mechanical constrains. In this framework, the possibility to study the behavior of single cells when subject to specific topological constraints could be an important tool in the hands of biologists. Two-photon polymerization is a sub-micrometric additive manufacturing technique that allows the fabrication of 3D structures in biocompatible resins, enabling the realization of ad hoc biochips for cell motility analyses, providing different types of mechanical stimuli. In our work, we present a new strategy for the realization of multilayer microfluidic lab-on-a-chip constructs for the study of cell motility which guarantees complete optical accessibility and the possibility to freely shape the migration area, to tailor it to the requirements of the specific cell type or experiment. The device includes a series of micro-constrictions that induce different types of mechanical stress on the cells during their migration. We show the realization of different possible geometries, in order to prove the versatility of the technique. As a proof of concept, we present the use of one of these devices for the study of the motility of murine neuronal cancer cells under high physical confinement, highlighting their peculiar migration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sala
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ficorella
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Hannah Marie Eichholz
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef A. Käs
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Morita A, Yoshizumi M, Arima S, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Nagamitsu T, Nakahara T. Pharmacological depletion of retinal neurons prevents vertical angiogenic sprouting without affecting the superficial vascular plexus. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:497-512. [PMID: 33085163 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mice, a tri-layered (superficial, intermediate, and deep) vascular structure is formed in the retina during the third postnatal week. Short-term treatment of newborn mice with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors delays the formation of superficial vascular plexus and this allows us to investigate the developmental process of superficial and deep vascular plexuses at the same time. Using this model, we examined the effect of pharmacological depletion of retinal neurons on the formation of superficial and deep vascular plexuses. RESULTS Neuronal cell loss induced by an intravitreal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid on postnatal day (P) 8 delayed vascular development in the deep layer but not in the superficial layer in mice treated with KRN633, a VEGF receptor inhibitor, on P0 and P1. In KRN633-treated mice, neuronal cell loss decreased the number of vertical sprouts originating from the superficial plexus without affecting the number of angiogenic sprouts growing in front. Neuronal cell loss did not impair networks of fibronectin and astrocytes in the superficial layer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that inner retinal neurons play a crucial role in forming the deep vascular plexus by directing the sprouts from the superficial blood vessels to the deep layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshizumi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Arima
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagamitsu
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Minj E, Yadav RK, Mehan S. Targeting abnormal Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Current Insights on drug targets and influences on neurological disorders. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:630-644. [PMID: 33430731 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210111104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear erythroid 2-related-factor (Nrf2) transcription factor/hemoxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a key regulator of an important neuroprotection response by driving the interpretation of various cytoprotective gene to encode for antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and detoxifying proteins. Various studies investigated that the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 has become the potential therapeutic approach in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron disease in which there is a progressive loss of upper motor neuron and lower motor neurons of the motor cortex, brain stem, and corticospinal tract. As a result of this upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 indicates that in brain antioxidant capacity is reinforced. Further, this shows a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A study reported functions associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 in the neuronal cell, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. Although ALS's pathogenesis is not yet clear but compelling, the evidence shows any dysfunction in the brain such as mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, glial cell activation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis gives ALS like symptoms. In this review, we have mainly focused on detailing the downregulation of Nrf2/HO-1, which may be the prime reason and may further serve as a pathological hallmark for ALS development. As surveyed, there are limited target-based interventions that only provide symptomatic relief but do not cure the disease completely. Dysregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway leads to many physiological changes contributing to neurological conditions, including ALS. Based on the above view, we summarized the combined role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in ALS and explored potential therapeutic strategies for disease improvement through pathway modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Minj
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab. India
| | - Rajeshwar Kumar Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab. India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab. India
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Jung M, Kim D, Mun JY. Direct Visualization of Actin Filaments and Actin-Binding Proteins in Neuronal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588556. [PMID: 33324645 PMCID: PMC7726226 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin networks and actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are most abundant in the cytoskeleton of neurons. The function of ABPs in neurons is nucleation of actin polymerization, polymerization or depolymerization regulation, bundling of actin through crosslinking or stabilization, cargo movement along actin filaments, and anchoring of actin to other cellular components. In axons, ABP–actin interaction forms a dynamic, deep actin network, which regulates axon extension, guidance, axon branches, and synaptic structures. In dendrites, actin and ABPs are related to filopodia attenuation, spine formation, and synapse plasticity. ABP phosphorylation or mutation changes ABP–actin binding, which regulates axon or dendritic plasticity. In addition, hyperactive ABPs might also be expressed as aggregates of abnormal proteins in neurodegeneration. Those changes cause many neurological disorders. Here, we will review direct visualization of ABP and actin using various electron microscopy (EM) techniques, super resolution microscopy (SRM), and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) with discussion of important ABPs in neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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Kim HM, Kwon J, Lee K, Lee JW, Jang DS, Kwon HC. Constituents of Gastrodia elata and Their Neuroprotective Effects in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal, R28 Retinal Cells, and BV2 Microglial Cells. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9081051. [PMID: 32824809 PMCID: PMC7465223 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata is widely used in traditional medicine and contains various types of metabolites with pharmacological activity. In the course of searching for neuroprotective molecules associated with the potential of G. elata in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, two new phenolic compounds (1 and 2) and a new tripeptide (3), together with 16 known compounds (4–19), were isolated from the rhizomes of G. elata. The structures of the compounds were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data, including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. All obtained compounds were assessed for their ability to protect neuronal cells against neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Of these, 4 and 5 were found to possess moderate activities in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells, whereas 2, 6, and 7 showed weak activities in R28 retinal cells. Additionally, compound 9 showed moderate inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Kyerim Lee
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.); (J.W.L.)
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.); (J.W.L.)
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (H.C.K.)
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Jin MH, Yu JB, Sun HN, Jin YH, Shen GN, Jin CH, Cui YD, Lee DS, Kim SU, Kim JS, Kwon T, Han YH. Peroxiredoxin II Maintains the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential against Alcohol-Induced Apoptosis in HT22 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E1. [PMID: 31861323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake can significantly reduce cognitive function and cause irreversible learning and memory disorders. The brain is particularly vulnerable to alcohol-induced ROS damage; the hippocampus is one of the most sensitive areas of the brain for alcohol neurotoxicity. In the present study, we observed significant increasing of intracellular ROS accumulations in Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) knockdown HT22 cells, which were induced by alcohol treatments. We also found that the level of ROS in mitochondrial was also increased, resulting in a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser9) and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 expression levels were significantly downregulated in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells, which suggests that Prx II knockdown HT22 cells were more susceptible to alcohol-induced apoptosis. Scavenging the alcohol-induced ROS with NAC significantly decreased the intracellular ROS levels, as well as the phosphorylation level of GSK3β in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells. Moreover, NAC treatment also dramatically restored the mitochondrial membrane potential and the cellular apoptosis in Prx II knockdown HT22 cells. Our findings suggest that Prx II plays a crucial role in alcohol-induced neuronal cell apoptosis by regulating the cellular ROS levels, especially through regulating the ROS-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential. Consequently, Prx II may be a therapeutic target molecule for alcohol-induced neuronal cell death, which is closely related to ROS-dependent mitochondria dysfunction.
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Abstract
To explore lead compounds for biological insecticides, nine fatty acids (FAs)' insecticidal activities against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and their cytotoxicity on H. zea neuronal cells (AW1 cells) were evaluated. The results showed that FAs at 1000 mg/L had a mortality rate of 10.0-83.33% and an inhibitory rate on AW1 cells with IC50 values of 74.6-287.37 μM. Particularly, lauric acid exhibited the most excellent bioactivity both in vivo and in vitro among nine FAs. Further, its mode of action was investigated on the AW1 cells, and the results showed that lauric acid induced apoptosis on the AW1 cells, involving a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase of caspase-9/3 activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, by detecting the expression of apoptosis protein, we found that the levels of Bcl-2 fell whereas the levels of cytochrome c and Bax rose remarkably. These results showed that FAs such as lauric acid could be potential lead compounds with a novel mode of action and highly insecticidal activity against H. zea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610106 , China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Chengdu , Sichuan 610106 , China
| | - Jiaxing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
| | - Yangping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610017 , China
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Someya E, Akagawa M, Mori A, Morita A, Yui N, Asano D, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T. Role of Neuron⁻Glia Signaling in Regulation of Retinal Vascular Tone in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081952. [PMID: 31010057 PMCID: PMC6514555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between neuronal, glial, and vascular cells play a key role in regulating blood flow in the retina. In the present study, we examined the role of the interactions between neuronal and glial cells in regulating the retinal vascular tone in rats upon stimulation of retinal neuronal cells by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA). The retinal vascular response was assessed by measuring the diameter of the retinal arterioles in the in vivo fundus images. Intravitreal injection of NMDA produced retinal vasodilation that was significantly diminished following the pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS), loss of inner retinal neurons, or intravitreal injection of glial toxins. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of nNOS in ganglion and calretinin-positive amacrine cells. Moreover, glial toxins significantly prevented the retinal vasodilator response induced by intravitreal injection of NOR3, an NO donor. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NO enhanced the production of vasodilatory prostanoids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in glial cells in a ryanodine receptor type 1-dependent manner, subsequently inducing the retinal vasodilator response. These results suggest that the NO released from stimulated neuronal cells acts as a key messenger in neuron–glia signaling, thereby causing neuronal activity-dependent and glial cell-mediated vasodilation in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Someya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Mari Akagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Yui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Xu L, Shen J, McQuillan PM, Hu Z. Anesthetic Agents and Neuronal Autophagy. What We Know and What We Don't. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:908-916. [PMID: 28990517 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171009123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol is known to have both γ-Aminobutyric acid agonist and Nmethyl- D-aspartate antagonist characteristics similar to commonly used volatile anesthetic agents. Recent evidence demonstrates that autophagy can reduce the development of ethanol induced neurotoxicity. Recent studies have found that general anesthesia can cause longterm impairment of both mitochondrial morphogenesis and synaptic transmission in the developing rat brain, both of which are accompanied by enhanced autophagy activity. Autophagy may play an important role in general anesthetic mediated neurotoxicity. METHODS This review outlines the role of autophagy in the development of anesthetic related neurotoxicity and includes an explanation of the role of autophagy in neuronal cell survival and death, the relationship between anesthetic agents and neuronal autophagy, possible molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying general anesthetic agent induced activation of neuronal autophagy in the developing brain, and potential therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating autophagic pathways. RESULTS In a time- and concentration-dependent pattern, general anesthetic agents can disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis which enhances both autophagy and apoptosis activation. The degree of neural cell injury may be ultimately determined by the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. It appears likely that the increase in calcium flux associated with some anesthetic agents disrupts lysosomal function. This results in an over-activation of endosomal- lysosomal trafficking causing mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species upregulation, and lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION Autophagy may play a role in the development of anesthetic related neurotoxicity. Understanding this may lead to strategies or therapies aimed at preventing or ameliorating general anesthetic agent mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China and Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Patrick M McQuillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Rogers JT, Venkataramani V, Washburn C, Liu Y, Tummala V, Jiang H, Smith A, Cahill CM. A role for amyloid precursor protein translation to restore iron homeostasis and ameliorate lead (Pb) neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2017; 138:479-94. [PMID: 27206843 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron supplementation ameliorates the neurotoxicity of the environmental contaminant lead (Pb); however, the mechanism remains undefined. Iron is an essential nutrient but high levels are toxic due to the catalytic generation of destructive hydroxyl radicals. Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to model human neurons, we investigated the effect of Pb on proteins of iron homeostasis: the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), which stabilizes the iron exporter ferroportin 1; and, the heavy subunit of the iron-storage protein, ferritin (FTH). Lead (Pb(II) and Pb(IV) inhibited APP translation and raised cytosolic iron(II). Lead also increased iron regulatory protein-1 binding to the cognate 5'untranslated region-specific iron-responsive element (IRE) of APP and FTH mRNAs. Concurrent iron treatment rescued cells from Pb toxicity by specifically restoring APP synthesis, i.e. levels of the APP-related protein, APLP-2, were unchanged. Significantly, iron/IRE-independent over-expression of APP695 protected SH-SY5Y cells from Pb toxicity, demonstrating that APP plays a key role in maintaining safe levels of intracellular iron. Overall, our data support a model of neurotoxicity where Pb enhances iron regulatory protein/IRE-mediated repression of APP and FTH translation. We propose novel treatment options for Pb poisoning to include chelators and the use of small molecules to maintain APP and FTH translation. We propose the following cascade for Lead (Pb) toxicity to neurons; by targeting the interaction between Iron regulatory protein-1 and Iron-responsive elements, Pb caused translational repression of proteins that control intracellular iron homeostasis, including the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) that stabilizes the iron exporter ferroportin, and the ferroxidase heavy subunit of the iron-storage protein, ferritin. When unregulated, IRE-independent over-expression of APP695 protected SH-SY5Y neurons from Pb toxicity. There is a novel and key role for APP in maintaining safe levels of intracellular iron pertinent to lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Washburn
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinusha Tummala
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-K.C., Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Yang N, Chen Q, He X, Zhao X, Wei T. ESeroS-GS Protects Neuronal Cells from Oxidative Stress by Stabilizing Lysosomes. Molecules 2016; 21:E637. [PMID: 27231890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-l-glutamyl-S-[2-[[[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl]oxy]carbonyl]-3-[[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-l-cysteinylglycine sodium salt (ESeroS-GS) is a water-soluble derivative of α-tocopherol (vitamin E). We reported previously that ESeroS-GS can act as an anti-inflammatory agent and can induce cell death in breast cancer cells. However, the potential antioxidant capacities of ESeroS-GS remain elusive. Here, we measured its scavenging effects on free radicals and evaluated its protective effects on neuronal cells against oxidative stress. The results indicated that ESeroS-GS effectively scavenged both 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate free radicals (ABTS•+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, and attenuated H2O2-induced neuronal cell death. H2O2 treatment induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization rapidly, and caused the redistribution of lysosomal proteases, which were responsible for the neuronal cell death. ESeroS-GS abolished the interaction between tBid and the lysosomal membranes, blocked the translocation of tBid to the lysosomal membranes, decreased its oligomerization within the membrane circumstances, prevented the lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and thus attenuated the neuronal cell death. These data suggest that ESeroS-GS protected the neuronal cells from oxidative stress by stabilizing lysosomal membranes, and thus might act as a novel neuroprotector for neuronal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of brain disease, with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as vital gene regulators in various types of human diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that aberrant expression of miRNAs play critical roles in the pathologies of ischemic stroke. Yet, the precise mechanism by which miRNAs control cerebral ischemic stroke remains unclear. In the present study, we explored whether miR-455 suppresses neuronal death by targeting TRAF3 in cerebral ischemic stroke. The expression levels of miR-455 and TRAF3 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The role of miR-455 in cell death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The influence of miR-455 on infarct volume was evaluated in mouse brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Bioinformatics softwares and luciferase analysis were used to find and confirm the targets of miR-455. The results showed that the expression levels of miR-455 significantly decreased in primary neuronal cells subjected to OGD and mouse brain subjected to MCAO. In addition, forced expression of miR-455 inhibited neuronal death and weakened ischemic brain infarction in focal ischemia-stroked mice. Furthermore, TRAF3 was proved to be a direct target of miR-455, and miR-455 could negatively suppress TRAF3 expression. Biological function analysis showed that TRAF3 silencing displayed the neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke and could enhance miR-455-induced positive impact on ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, miR-455 played a vital role in protecting neuronal cells from death by downregulating TRAF3 protein expression. These findings may represent a novel latent therapeutic target for cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Yao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiming Fan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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Chio CC, Wei L, Chen TG, Lin CM, Shieh JP, Yeh PS, Chen RM. Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 transduces survival signals in neuronal cells in response to hypoxia-induced apoptotic insults. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:1654-64. [PMID: 26613168 DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.jns1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Hypoxia can induce cell death or trigger adaptive mechanisms to guarantee cell survival. Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR-1) works as an early-response protein in response to a variety of environmental stresses. In this study, the authors evaluated the roles of NOR-1 in hypoxia-induced neuronal insults. METHODS Neuro-2a cells were exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability, cell morphology, cas-pase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis were assayed to determine the mechanisms of OGD-induced neuronal insults. RNA and protein analyses were carried out to evaluate the effects of OGD on expressions of NOR-1, cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) genes. Translations of these gene expressions were knocked down using RNA interference. Mice subjected to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and NOR-1 was immunodetected. RESULTS Exposure of neuro-2a cells to OGD decreased cell viability in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, OGD led to cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis. In parallel, treatment of neuro-2a cells with OGD time dependently increased cellular NOR-1 mRNA and protein expressions. Interestingly, administration of TBI also augmented NOR-1 levels in the impacted regions of mice. As to the mechanism, exposure to OGD increased nuclear levels of the transcription factor CREB protein. Downregulating CREB expression using RNA interference simultaneously inhibited OGD-induced NOR-1 mRNA expression. Also, levels of cIAP2 mRNA and protein in neuro-2a cells were augmented by OGD. After reducing cIAP2 translation, OGD-induced cell death was reduced. Sequentially, application of NOR-1 small interfering RNA to neuro-2a cells significantly inhibited OGD-induced cIAP2 mRNA expression and concurrently alleviated hypoxia-induced alterations in cell viability, caspase-3 activation, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that NOR-1 can transduce survival signals in neuronal cells responsible for hypoxiainduced apoptotic insults through activation of a CREB/cIAP2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wei
- Departments of 3 Neurosugery and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University; ,Brain Disease Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; and.,Anesthetics and Toxicology Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Orlov SN, Koltsova SV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Dulin NO. NKCC1 and NKCC2: The pathogenetic role of cation-chloride cotransporters in hypertension. Genes Dis 2015; 2:186-196. [PMID: 26114157 PMCID: PMC4477834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the data on the functional significance of ubiquitous (NKCC1) and renal-specific (NKCC2) isoforms of electroneutral sodium, potassium and chloride cotransporters. These carriers contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension via regulation of intracellular chloride concentration in vascular smooth muscle and neuronal cells and via sensing chloride concentration in the renal tubular fluid, respectively. Both NKCC1 and NKCC2 are inhibited by furosemide and other high-ceiling diuretics widely used for attenuation of extracellular fluid volume. However, the chronic usage of these compounds for the treatment of hypertension and other volume-expanded disorders may have diverse side-effects due to suppression of myogenic response in microcirculatory beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N. Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Тomsk State University, Russia
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Tawa K, Yasui C, Hosokawa C, Aota H, Nishii J. In situ sensitive fluorescence imaging of neurons cultured on a plasmonic dish using fluorescence microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:20010-20015. [PMID: 25321614 DOI: 10.1021/am505579u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic dish was fabricated as a novel cell-culture dish for in situ sensitive imaging applications, in which the cover glass of a glass-bottomed dish was replaced by a grating substrate coated with a film of silver. Neuronal cells were successfully cultured over a period of more than 2 weeks in the plasmonic dish. The fluorescence images of their cells including dendrites were simply observed in situ using a conventional fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence from neuronal cells growing along the dish surface was enhanced using the surface plasmon resonance field. Under an epi-fluorescence microscope and employing a donut-type pinhole, the fluorescence intensity of the neuron dendrites was found to be enhanced efficiently by an order of magnitude compared with that using a conventional glass-bottomed dish. In a transmitted-light fluorescence microscope, the surface-selective fluorescence image of a fine dendrite growing along the dish surface was observed; therefore, the spatial resolution was improved compared with the epi-fluorescence image of the identical dendrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tawa
- Health Research Institute, AIST , 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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