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Gil TY, Jin BR, Park YJ, Kim HM, An HJ. Effects of Magnoliae Flos on Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Evaluated via Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase or Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1/3 Signalling Pathways. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv11593. [PMID: 37955529 PMCID: PMC10655128 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Skin is the largest organ and plays a pivotal role in protecting the body. Not only does the skin act as a physical barrier against the external environment, but it also has its own immune system. Atopic dermatitis is caused by prolonged excessive inflammatory responses that worsen under imbalanced cutaneous immune system skin conditions. Although the prevalence and burden of atopic dermatitis is increasing, the standard therapeutic agents remain unclear due to the complicated pathophysiology of the condition. The objective of this study is to examine the use of Magnoliae flos, the dried flower bud of Magnolia biondii or related plants. The effects and underlying mechanism of action of aqueous extract of the buds of Magnoliae flos (MF) were evaluated. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ mixture and NC/Nga mice stimulated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were used as atopic dermatitis models, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The effects of MF were determined by measuring the suppression of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase or signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/3 and restoring skin barrier molecules. In conclusion, MF is a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of atopic dermatitis through repressing inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Chen S, Nishi M, Morine Y, Yoshikawa K, Tokunaga T, Kashihara H, Takasu C, Wada Y, Yoshimoto T, Nakamoto A, Sakai T, Shimada M. Polymethoxylated flavone sudachitin is a safe anticancer adjuvant that targets glycolysis in cancer‑associated fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:236. [PMID: 35720469 PMCID: PMC9185147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudachitin is a polymethoxylated flavone found in the peel of Citrus sudachi, a unique specialty citrus fruit in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Previous reports have demonstrated that sudachitin has anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have explored whether sudachitin can act as an antitumor therapeutic agent by regulating metabolic functions in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays were used to determine whether sudachitin inhibited the in vitro growth of liver cancer and pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer cells and to compare its toxicity against normal fibroblasts and induced cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using lactate assays and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, the effects of sudachitin on glycolysis in CAFs were investigated. The effects of CAFs on malignant tumor cells were evaluated in vitro using cell proliferation, wound healing and invasion assays. As result, sudachitin inhibited various types of tumor cells with different half-maximal inhibitory concentrations. Treatment with 50 µM sudachitin for 48 h suppressed tumor and CAFs proliferation but was not cytotoxic against normal fibroblasts. This dose also inhibited glycolysis in CAFs and, thus, diminished their pro-tumorigenic activities. Overall, the present study revealed that sudachitin has promise as a safe and widely available natural antitumor adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
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Citrus sudachi Peel Extract Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes the Differentiation of Keratinocytes through Inhibition of the EGFR-ERK Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101468. [PMID: 33096942 PMCID: PMC7589747 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus sudachi is a well-known fruit in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, and its peels are rich in phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. Although it is expected that the extract of the C. sudachi peel elicits various beneficial physiological activities, the effect on the skin has not been investigated. In this study, we report that the aqueous extract from the peel of C. sudachi suppresses cell proliferation of the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The extract of C. sudachi peel suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EGF receptor activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, which suggests that the extract exerts its inhibitory effect through inhibition of both the EGF receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecules. Additionally, the extract of C. sudachi peel potentiated calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. These results suggest that the extract of C. sudachi peel may have beneficial effects against skin diseases that are characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, such as those seen in psoriasis and in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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