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Mendelsohn DH, Walter N, Cheung WH, Wong RMY, Schönmehl R, Winter L, El Khassawna T, Heiss C, Brochhausen C, Rupp M. Targeting mitochondria in bone and cartilage diseases: A narrative review. Redox Biol 2025; 83:103667. [PMID: 40354767 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of bone health, controlling cell differentiation, cellular energy production, immune function, osteogenesis, and osteoclast activity. Their dysfunction is linked to orthopedic disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis, contributing to impaired bone homeostasis and increased fracture risk. While mitochondrial research has been more advanced in fields such as cardiology and neurology, emerging therapeutic strategies from these areas are beginning to show potential for translation into orthopedics. These include mitochondrial biogenesis stimulation, mitochondrial fission inhibition, antioxidant therapies, mitochondrial transplantation, and photobiomodulation, which have demonstrated success in enhancing tissue repair, reducing oxidative stress, and improving overall cellular function in non-orthopedic applications. The novel inhibitor of mitochondrial fission and accumulation of reactive oxygen species Mdivi-1 offers potential to improve clinical outcomes of bone diseases by alleviating cellular dysfunction and preventing bone loss. While these treatments are still in the developmental phase, they present innovative approaches to address mitochondrial dysfunction in orthopedic conditions, potentially transforming bone disease management and enhancing patient outcomes. This report explores research regarding the involvement of mitochondrial health in bone and joint function and discusses possible future treatment strategies targeting mitochondria in orthopedic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Mendelsohn
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinic Munich, Germany
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Rebecca Schönmehl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lina Winter
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Germany; Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Wong SK. Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review). Mol Med Rep 2025; 31:168. [PMID: 40243121 PMCID: PMC12012435 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which were initially used to treat malaria, are now also used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which have gained notoriety during the coronavirus‑19 pandemic. The emerging uses of CQ and HCQ in cancer therapy, metabolic syndrome and bone disorders highlight their broad clinical potential. Patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions have a higher risk of suboptimal bone health because of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and medication use. In the present review, the use of CQ and HCQ in bone research was explored, particularly in terms of their effectiveness and mechanism in modulating bone homeostasis. CQ and HCQ inhibit osteoblastic activity by suppressing autophagy, inducing oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast apoptosis. CQ suppresses osteoclastic activity by blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β/receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β ligand interaction, autophagy and inflammation. HCQ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression levels of osteoprotegerin, inducing osteoclast apoptosis and reducing cytokines without affecting autophagy. With regard to the molecular machineries, CQ and HCQ inhibit bone formation and bone resorption. Variations in dose, frequency and duration of CQ and HCQ treatment result in heterogenous outcomes. Further research is necessary to clarify the net effects of CQ and HCQ on bone through studies specifically designed to explore their direct impact as the primary objective. The use of these medications is broadening particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases who are at risk of skeletal disorders. However, their safety profiles, adverse effects and contraindications must be carefully monitored when administered for long‑term use and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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He Y, Liu T, Peng X, Yao C, Zhou D, Song C, Wei Z, Chen J, Liu Z, Jiang F. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy mediating impaired energy metabolism leading to osteoporosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2025; 1871:167685. [PMID: 39842521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.167685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolic disease caused by decreased bone mass leading to destruction of bone microstructure. Treatment of OP is characterized by a lifelong nature, causing extreme financial and psychological burdens to patients. Hormonal abnormalities, cellular autophagy, Ferroptosis, and oxidative stress are all part of the intricate and varied pathophysiology of OP. Recent research has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant factor in the onset and progression of OP. By regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation through various signaling pathways and cytokines, abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism brought on by oxidative stress processes impacts osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, causing an imbalance in bone metabolism that ultimately results in OP. Therefore, one possible method to prevent and manage OP may be to use mitochondria as a carrier to trigger osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from mitochondrial energy consumption, oxidative stress, autophagy, and osteoclast death. In order to offer some theoretical references and therapeutic approaches for the clinical prevention and treatment of OP, we will examine the pathophysiology of OP from mitochondrial dysfunction in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng He
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaorui Yao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daqian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhangchao Wei
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Luzhou Longmatan District People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chen R, Yang C, Yang F, Yang A, Xiao H, Peng B, Chen C, Geng B, Xia Y. Targeting the mTOR-Autophagy Axis: Unveiling Therapeutic Potentials in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1452. [PMID: 39595628 PMCID: PMC11591800 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a widespread age-related disorder marked by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, presenting a significant public health challenge. Central to the development and progression of OP is the dysregulation of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cellular processes including autophagy, growth, and proliferation. The mTOR-autophagy axis is emerging as a promising therapeutic target due to its regulatory capacity in bone metabolism and homeostasis. This review aims to (1) elucidate the role of mTOR signaling in bone metabolism and its dysregulation in OP, (2) explore the interplay between mTOR and autophagy in the context of bone cell activity, and (3) assess the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTOR pathway with modulators as innovative strategies for OP treatment. By examining the interactions among autophagy, mTOR, and OP, including insights from various types of OP and the impact on different bone cells, this review underscores the complexity of mTOR's role in bone health. Despite advances, significant gaps remain in understanding the detailed mechanisms of mTOR's effects on autophagy and bone cell function, highlighting the need for comprehensive clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors in OP management. Future research directions include clarifying mTOR's molecular interactions with bone metabolism and investigating the combined benefits of mTOR modulation with other therapeutic approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing more effective treatments and improving outcomes for individuals with OP, thereby unveiling the therapeutic potentials of targeting the mTOR-autophagy axis in this prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Changshun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Zhu C, Zhang L, Ding X, Wu W, Zou J. Non-coding RNAs as regulators of autophagy in chondrocytes: Mechanisms and implications for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102404. [PMID: 38971322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease with multiple causative factors such as aging, mechanical injury, and obesity. Autophagy is a complex dynamic process that is involved in the degradation and modification of intracellular proteins and organelles under different pathophysiological conditions. Autophagy, as a cell survival mechanism under various stress conditions, plays a key role in regulating chondrocyte life cycle metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that do not possess protein-coding functions, but they can act as effective post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of gene and protein expression, thus participating in numerous fundamental biological processes. Increasing evidence suggests that ncRNAs, autophagy, and their crosstalk play crucial roles in OA pathogenesis. Therefore, we summarized the complex role of autophagy in OA chondrocytes and focused on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in OA-associated autophagy to elucidate the complex pathological mechanisms of the ncRNA-autophagy network in the development of OA, thus providing new research targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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6
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Zubova SG, Morshneva AV. The role of autophagy and macrophage polarization in the processes of chronic inflammation and regeneration. ЦИТОЛОГИЯ 2024; 66:20-34. [DOI: 10.31857/s0041377124010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
The cause of many seriousillnesses, including diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases is chronic inflammation that develops in adipose tissue, bones or the brain. This inflammation occurs due to a shift in the polarization of macrophages/microglia towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype M1. It has now been proven that the polarization of macrophages is determined by the intracellular level of autophagy in the macrophage. By modulating autophagy, it is possible to cause switching of macrophage activities towards M1 or M2. Summarizing the material accumulated in the literature, we believe that the activation of autophagy reprograms the macrophage towards M2, replacing its protein content, receptor apparatus and including a different type of metabolism. The term reprogramming is most suitable for this process, since it is followed by a change in the functional activity of the macrophage, namely, switching from cytotoxic pro-inflammatory activity to anti-inflammatory (regenerative). Modulation of autophagy can be an approach to the treatment of oncological diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes and other serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Zubova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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7
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Zubova SG, Morshneva AV. The Role of Autophagy and Macrophage Polarization in the Process of Chronic Inflammation and Regeneration. CELL AND TISSUE BIOLOGY 2024; 18:244-256. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x24700184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Jia M, Dong Z, Dong W, Yang B, He Y, Wang Y, Wang J. DDIT3 deficiency accelerates bone remodeling during bone healing by enhancing osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation through ULK1-mediated autophagy. Bone 2024; 182:117058. [PMID: 38408589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential for bone remodeling. DNA damage inducible script 3 (DDIT3) is an important regulator of bone and participates in cell differentiation, proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, its role in bone remodeling remains unexplored. Here, we found that Ddit3 knockout (Ddit3-KO) enhanced both bone formation and resorption. The increased new bone formation and woven bone resorption, i.e., enhanced bone remodeling capacity, was found to accelerate bone defect healing in Ddit3-KO mice. In vitro experiments showed that DDIT3 inhibited both osteoblast differentiation and Raw264.7 cell differentiation by regulating autophagy. Cell coculture assay showed that Ddit3-KO decreased the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblasts, and Ddit3-KO osteoblasts inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Meanwhile, DDIT3 knockdown (DDIT3-sh) increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK) expression in Raw264.7 cells, and DDIT3-sh Raw264.7 cells promoted osteoblast differentiation, whereas, DDIT3 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, DDIT3 promoted autophagy partly by increasing ULK1 phosphorylation at serine555 (pULK1-S555) and decreasing ULK1 phosphorylation at serine757 (pULK1-S757) in osteoblasts, thereby inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. DDIT3 inhibited autophagy partly by decreasing pULK1-S555 in Raw264.7 cells, thereby suppressing osteoclastic differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate that DDIT3 is one of the elements regulating bone remodeling and bone healing, which may become a potential target in bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Beining Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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Luo P, Zhang Y, Huang M, Luo G, Ma Y, Wang X. Microdroplets Encapsulated with NFATc1-siRNA and Exosomes-Derived from MSCs Onto 3D Porous PLA Scaffold for Regulating Osteoclastogenesis and Promoting Osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3423-3440. [PMID: 38617800 PMCID: PMC11015852 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporotic-related fractures remains a significant public health concern, thus imposing substantial burdens on our society. Excessive activation of osteoclastic activity is one of the main contributing factors for osteoporosis-related fractures. While polylactic acid (PLA) is frequently employed as a biodegradable scaffold in tissue engineering, it lacks sufficient biological activity. Microdroplets (MDs) have been explored as an ultrasound-responsive drug delivery method, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown therapeutic effects in diverse preclinical investigations. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel bioactive hybrid PLA scaffold by integrating MDs-NFATc1-silencing siRNA to target osteoclast formation and MSCs-exosomes (MSC-Exo) to influence osteogenic differentiation (MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo). Methods Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) were used for exosome isolation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for exosome and MDs morphological characterization, respectively. The MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold was fabricated through poly(dopamine) and fibrin gel coating. Biocompatibility was assessed using RAW 264.7 macrophages and hBMSCs. Osteoclast formations were examined via TRAP staining. Osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and cytokine expression modulation were also investigated. Results MSC-Exo exhibited a cup-shaped structure and effective internalization into cells, while MDs displayed a spherical morphology with a well-defined core-shell structure. Following ultrasound stimulation, the internalization study demonstrated efficient delivery of bioactive MDs into recipient cells. Biocompatibility studies indicated no cytotoxicity of MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffolds in RAW 264.7 macrophages and hBMSCs. Both MDs-NFATc1/PLA and MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo treatments significantly reduced osteoclast differentiation and formation. In addition, our results further indicated MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and modulated cytokine expression. Discussion These findings suggest that the bioactive MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold holds promise as an innovative structure for bone tissue regeneration. By specifically targeting osteoclast formation and promoting osteogenic differentiation, this hybrid scaffold may address key challenges in osteoporosis-related fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maodi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology in Colleges and Universities, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology in Colleges and Universities, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Ferretti LP, Böhi F, Leslie Pedrioli DM, Cheng PF, Ferrari E, Baumgaertner P, Alvarado-Diaz A, Sella F, Cereghetti A, Turko P, Wright RH, De Bock K, Speiser DE, Ferrari R, Levesque MP, Hottiger MO. Combinatorial Treatment with PARP and MAPK Inhibitors Overcomes Phenotype Switch-Driven Drug Resistance in Advanced Melanoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3974-3988. [PMID: 37729428 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is either intrinsically resistant or rapidly acquires resistance to targeted therapy treatments, such as MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi). A leading cause of resistance to targeted therapy is a dynamic transition of melanoma cells from a proliferative to a highly invasive state, a phenomenon called phenotype switching. Mechanisms regulating phenotype switching represent potential targets for improving treatment of patients with melanoma. Using a drug screen targeting chromatin regulators in patient-derived three-dimensional MAPKi-resistant melanoma cell cultures, we discovered that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) restore sensitivity to MAPKis, independent of DNA damage repair pathways. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic analyses demonstrated that PARPis induce lysosomal autophagic cell death, accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial lipid metabolism that ultimately increases antigen presentation and sensitivity to T-cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, transcriptomic and epigenetic rearrangements induced by PARP inhibition reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype switching, which redirected melanoma cells toward a proliferative and MAPKi-sensitive state. The combination of PARP and MAPKis synergistically induced cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft models. Therefore, this study provides a scientific rationale for treating patients with melanoma with PARPis in combination with MAPKis to abrogate acquired therapy resistance. SIGNIFICANCE PARP inhibitors can overcome resistance to MAPK inhibitors by activating autophagic cell death and reversing phenotype switching, suggesting that this synergistic combination could help improve the prognosis of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza P Ferretti
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurina Böhi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sella
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Cereghetti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roni H Wright
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Huang JM, Wang Z, Qi GB, Lai Q, Jiang AL, Zhang YQ, Chen K, Wang XH. Icaritin ameliorates RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10213-10236. [PMID: 37793008 PMCID: PMC10599742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly aging society and longer life expectancy are causing osteoporosis to become a global epidemic. Over the last five decades, a number of drugs aimed at reducing bone resorption or restoring bone mass have been developed, but their efficacy and safety are limited. Icaritin (ICT) is a natural compound extracted from anti-osteoporosis herb Epimedium spp. and has been shown to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which ICT weaken RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation has not been completely investigated. Here, we evaluated the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of ICT in vitro and the potential drug candidate for treating osteoporosis in vivo. In vitro study, ICT was found to inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption function via downregulating transcription factors activated T cell cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos, which further downregulate osteoclastogenesis-specific gene. In addition, the enhanced mitochondrial mass and function required for osteoclast differentiation was mitigated by ICT. The histomorphological results from an in vivo study showed that ICT attenuated the bone loss associated with ovariectomy (OVX). Based on these results, we propose ICT as a promising new drug strategy for osteoporosis that inhibits osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated to Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- The Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lai
- The Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - A-lan Jiang
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated to Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Catheline SE, Kaiser E, Eliseev RA. Mitochondrial Genetics and Function as Determinants of Bone Phenotype and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:540-551. [PMID: 37542684 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific literature regarding the effects of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial genome mutations on bone phenotype and aging. RECENT FINDINGS While aging and sex steroid levels have traditionally been considered the most important risk factors for development of osteoporosis, mitochondrial function and genetics are being increasingly recognized as important determinants of bone health. Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial genome variants found in different human populations determine the risk of complex degenerative diseases. We propose that osteoporosis should be among such diseases. Studies have shown the deleterious effects of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction on bone homeostasis. Mediators of such effects include oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition, and dysregulation of autophagy. Mitochondrial health plays an important role in bone homeostasis and aging, and understanding underlying mechanisms is critical in leveraging this relationship clinically for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Catheline
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Ethan Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
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13
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Arnst J, Jing Z, Cohen C, Ha SW, Viggeswarapu M, Beck GR. Bioactive silica nanoparticles target autophagy, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122238. [PMID: 37441901 PMCID: PMC10530178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Spherical 50 nm silica-based nanoparticles (SiNPs) promote healthy bone homeostasis and maintenance by supporting bone forming osteoblast lineage cells while simultaneously inhibiting the differentiation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. Previous work demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of SiNPs in healthy mice - both young and old - increased bone density and quality, suggesting the possibility that SiNPs represent a dual action therapeutic. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the osteoclast response to SiNPs have yet to be fully explored and defined. Therefore, the goals of this study were to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which SiNPs inhibit osteoclastogenesis. SiNPs strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation within the first hours and concomitantly inhibited early transcriptional regulators such as Nfatc1. SiNPs simultaneously stimulated expression of autophagy related genes p62 and LC3β dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Intriguingly, SiNPs were found to stimulate autophagosome formation while inhibiting the autophagic flux necessary for RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation, resulting in the inhibition of both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways and stabilizing TRAF3. These results suggest a model in which SiNPs inhibit osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the autophagic machinery and RANKL-dependent functionality. This mechanism of action defines a novel therapeutic strategy for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Arnst
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhaocheng Jing
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Department of Orthopedics, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Cameron Cohen
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shin-Woo Ha
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Manjula Viggeswarapu
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - George R Beck
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA; Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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14
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Chen M, Zhang B, Zhang L, Li P. The applications of nanozymes in cancer therapy: based on regulating pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy of tumor cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12137-12156. [PMID: 37377098 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials with catalytic properties similar to those of natural enzymes, and they have recently been collectively identified as a class of innovative artificial enzymes. Nanozymes are widely used in various fields, such as biomedicine, due to their high catalytic activity and stability. Nanozymes can trigger changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells and the activation of inflammasomes, leading to the programmed cell death (PCD), including the pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, of tumor cells. In addition, some nanozymes consume glucose, starving cancer cells and thus accelerating tumor cell death. In addition, the electric charge of the structure and the catalytic activity of nanozymes are sensitive to external factors such as light and electric and magnetic fields. Therefore, nanozymes can be used with different therapeutic methods, such as chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT), to achieve highly efficient antitumor effects. Many cancer therapies induce tumor cell death via the pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy of tumor cells mediated by nanozymes. We review the mechanisms of pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy in tumor development, as well as the potential application of nanozymes to regulate pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Medical Collage, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Qingdao Re-store Life Science Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bingqiang Zhang
- Qingdao Re-store Life Science Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
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15
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Sarkar J, Das M, Howlader MSI, Prateeksha P, Barthels D, Das H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial functions. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:908. [PMID: 36307395 PMCID: PMC9616829 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A natural plant product, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), was evaluated for its effectiveness in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. We found that EGCG inhibited the osteoclast (OC) differentiation in vitro, and in primary bone marrow cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative RT-PCR studies showed that the EGCG reduced the expression of OC differentiation markers. DCFDA, MitoSOX, and JC-1 staining revealed that the EGCG attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential; and flux analysis corroborated the effect of EGCG. We further found that the EGCG inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of mitophagy-related molecules. We confirmed that the OC differentiation was inhibited by EGCG by modulating mitophagy through AKT and p38MAPK pathways. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that the binding of RANK and RANKL was blocked by EGCG. Overall, we defined the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during arthritis for developing a new therapy using a natural compound besides the existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmay Sarkar
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Manjusri Das
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Md Sariful Islam Howlader
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Prateeksha Prateeksha
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Derek Barthels
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX USA
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16
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Laha D, Sarkar J, Maity J, Pramanik A, Howlader MSI, Barthels D, Das H. Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation While Reducing Autophagy through Limiting ROS and the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091220. [PMID: 36139058 PMCID: PMC9496366 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse group of natural compounds that interact with various cellular proteins responsible for cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is yet to be established how these compounds interact in myeloid cells during their differentiation and the molecular and intracellular mechanisms involved. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that originate from myeloid cells. They resorb cartilage and bone, maintain bone homeostasis, and can cause pathogenesis. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that is responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles within cells and helps maintain intracellular homeostasis. Imbalances in autophagy cause various pathological disorders. The current study investigated the role of several polyphenolic compounds, including tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), and ellagic acid (EA) in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation of myeloid cells. We demonstrated that polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting revealed that osteoclast markers, such as NFATc1, Cathepsin K, and TRAP were inhibited after the addition of polyphenolic compounds during osteoclast differentiation. In our investigation into the molecular mechanisms, we found that the addition of polyphenolic compounds reduced the number of autophagic vesicles and the levels of LC3B, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 molecules through the inactivation of Akt, thus inhibiting the autophagy process. In addition, we found that by decreasing intracellular calcium and decreasing ROS levels, along with decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Together, this study provides evidence that polyphenolic compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation by reducing ROS production, autophagy, intracellular Ca2+ level, and mitochondrial membrane potentials.
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17
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Wu H, Yin G, Pu X, Wang J, Liao X, Huang Z. Coordination of Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis by the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix To Promote Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2913-2927. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24, South 1st Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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18
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Behera J, Ison J, Tyagi A, Mbalaviele G, Tyagi N. Mechanisms of autophagy and mitophagy in skeletal development, diseases and therapeutics. Life Sci 2022; 301:120595. [PMID: 35504330 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly evolutionarily conserved process in the eukaryotic cellular system by which dysfunctional organelles are selectively degraded through a series of processes of lysosomal activity and then returned to the cytoplasm for reuse. All cells require this process to maintain cellular homeostasis and promote cell survival during stress responses such as deprivation and hypoxia. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two cellular phenotypes in the bone that mediate bone homeostasis. However, an imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption contributes to the onset of bone diseases. Recent studies suggest that autophagy, mitophagy, and selective mitochondrial autophagy may play an essential role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast maturation. Autophagic activity dysregulation alters the equilibrium between osteoblastic bone creation and osteoclastic bone resorption, allowing bone disorders like osteoporosis to develop more easily. The current review emphasizes the role of autophagy and mitophagy and their related molecular mechanisms in bone metabolic disorders. In the current review, we emphasize the role of autophagy and mitophagy as well as their related molecular mechanism in bone metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we will discuss autophagy as a target for the treatment of metabolic bone disease and future application in therapeutic translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jessica Ison
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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19
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Interleukin-17 promotes osteoclastogenesis and periodontal damage via autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108631. [PMID: 35219162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of its potent pro-inflammatory properties, interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This study explored the effects of IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis in an osteoclast monoculture and osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system, as tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between osteoclastogenesis and autophagy. METHODS Various ratios of calvarial osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclast precursor cells (mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, hereinafter referred to as OC) were tested. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect the optimum osteoblasts:osteoclasts ratio. IL-17 was added to the co-culture system to test its effects on multinucleated osteoclast formation and osteoclast-related proteins. We assessed the effects of IL-17 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts, and determined if IL-17 alone could modulate osteoclast formation in an osteoclast monoculture. Administration of exogenous RANKL combined with IL-17 was employed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells osteoclastogenesis and to determine production of osteoclasts and autophagy-related proteins. We knocked down Beclin1 expression in RAW264.7 cells and examined the expression of autophagy-related and osteoclast-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and the co-culture system, and the TAK1-binding protein 3 (TAB3)/ extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. RESULTS A ratio of 20 OB : 1 OC yielded the highest rate of osteoclast formation. Low IL-17 concentrations increased osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures significantly, but high levels of IL-17 had the opposite effect. IL-17 alone could not induce formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells. Low IL-17 concentrations promoted osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells induced by exogenous RANKL, but high IL-17 concentrations inhibited this process. Knockdown of Beclin1 reversed the enhanced effects of 0.1 ng/mL IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. The TAB3/ERK pathway was also blocked after autophagy inhibition. CONCLUSION In the co-culture model used in this study, a ratio of 20 OB:1 OC proved to be the optimal ratio to facilitate osteoclast formation. IL-17 regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via autophagy. The Beclin1/TAB3/ERK pathway was involved in osteoclast autophagy.
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20
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Yuan Y, Sun J, Zhou H, Wang S, He C, Chen T, Fang M, Li S, Kang S, Huang X, Tang B, Liang B, Mao Y, Li J, Shi X, Liu K. The effect of QiangGuYin on osteoporosis through the AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway mediated by CKIP-1. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:892-906. [PMID: 35073518 PMCID: PMC8833121 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, which leads to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (CKIP-1, also known as PLEKHO1) is involved in the biological process of bone formation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is a negative regulator of bone formation. QiangGuYin (QGY) is a famous TCM formula that has been widely used in China for the clinical treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis for decades, but the effect in regulating CKIP-1 on osteoporosis is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of CKIP-1 participating in autophagy in bone cells through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the regulatory effect of QGY. The results in vivo showed that QGY treatment can significantly improve the bone quality of osteoporotic rats, down-regulate the expression of CKIP-1, LC3II/I and RANKL, and up-regulated the expression of p62, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, RUNX2 and OPG. It is worth noting that the results in vitro confirmed that CKIP-1 interacts with AKT. By up-regulating the expression of Atg5 and down-regulating the p62, the level of LC3 (autophagosome) is increased, and the cells osteogenesis and differentiation are inhibited. QGY inhibits the combination of CKIP-1 and AKT in osteoblasts, activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibits autophagy, and promotes cell differentiation, thereby exerting an anti-osteoporosis effect. Therefore, QGY targeting CKIP-1 to regulate the AKT/mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway may represent a promising drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caijian He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mouhao Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shifa Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Tang
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bocheng Liang
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingdelong Mao
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyou Li
- Department of Orthopedics of Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Short Mitochondrial-produced Peptides for Anabolic Osteogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Alam I, Gerard-O'Riley RL, Acton D, Hardman SL, Hong JM, Bruzzaniti A, Econs MJ. Chloroquine increases osteoclast activity in vitro but does not improve the osteopetrotic bone phenotype of ADO2 mice. Bone 2021; 153:116160. [PMID: 34464779 PMCID: PMC8478870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type II (ADO2) is a bone disease of impaired osteoclastic bone resorption that usually results from heterozygous missense mutations in the chloride channel 7 (CLCN7) gene. We created mouse models of ADO2 by introducing a knock-in (p.G213R) mutation in the Clcn7 gene, which is analogous to one of the common mutations (G215R) found in humans. The mutation leads to severe osteopetrosis and lethality in homozygous mice but produces substantial phenotypic variability in heterozygous mice on different genetic backgrounds that phenocopy the human disease of ADO2. ADO2 is an osteoclast-intrinsic disease, and lysosomal enzymes and proteins are critical for osteoclast activity. Chloroquine (CQ) is known to affect lysosomal trafficking, intracellular signaling and the lysosomal and vesicular pH, suggesting it might improve ADO2 osteoclast function. We tested this hypothesis in cell culture studies using osteoclasts derived from wild-type (WT or ADO2+/+) and ADO2 heterozygous (ADO2+/-) mice and found that CQ and its metabolite desethylchloroquine (DCQ), significantly increased ADO2+/- osteoclasts bone resorption activity in vitro, whereas bone resorption of ADO2+/+ osteoclasts was increased only by DCQ. In addition, we exploited our unique animal model of ADO2 on 129 background to identify the effect of CQ for the treatment of ADO2. Female ADO2 mice at 8 weeks of age were treated with 5 doses of CQ (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg BW/day) via drinking water for 6 months. Bone mineral density and bone micro-architecture were analyzed by longitudinal in vivo DXA and micro-CT at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Serum bone biomarkers (CTX, TRAP and P1NP) were also analyzed at these time points. CQ treatment at the doses tested failed to produce any significant changes of aBMD, BMC (whole body, femur and spine) and trabecular BV/TV (distal femur) in ADO2 mice compared to the control group (water only). Further, levels of bone biomarkers were not significantly changed due to CQ treatment in these mice. Our findings indicate that while CQ increased osteoclast activity in vitro, it did not improve the osteopetrotic bone phenotypes in ADO2 heterozygous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | - Dena Acton
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sara L Hardman
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Michael J Econs
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA; Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
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