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Scheyer TM. The pseudosuchian record in paleohistology: A small review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38655735 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Archosauria originated around the Earth's largest biotic crisis that severely affected all ecosystems globally, the Permotriassic Mass extinction event, and comprises two crown-group lineages: the bird-lineage and the crocodylian lineage. The bird lineage includes the iconic pterosaurs, as well as dinosaurs and birds, whereas the crocodylian lineage includes clades such as aetosaurs, poposaurs, "rauisuchians," as well as Crocodylomorpha; the latter being represented today only by less than 30 extant species of Crocodylia. Despite playing important roles during Mesozoic and Cenozoic ecosystems, both on land and in water, Pseudosuchia received far less attention compared to the bird-lineage, which is also reflected in number and scope of histological studies so far. Lately, the field has seen a shift of focus toward pseudosuchians, however, and the symposium on "Paleohistological Inferences of Paleobiological Traits in Pseudosuchia" held during the International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology 2023 in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, is the latest proof of that. To put these novel aspects of paleohistological and paleobiological research into context, an overview of the non-extant pseudosuchian taxa whose postcranial bones were studied so far is provided here (c. 80 species out of a total of more than 700 extinct species described) and recent trends in pseudosuchian osteohistology are highlighted. In addition, histological studies on cranial and dental material and other potential hard tissues, such as eggshells and otoliths, are briefly reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten M Scheyer
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zheng H, Yan W, Shao M, Qi S. Chromium Picolinate Regulates Bone Metabolism and Prevents Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2024; 29:924. [PMID: 38474436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is an abnormal metabolic disease caused by long-term hyperglycemia. In this study, a model rat of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes was established, and chromium picolinate (5 mg·kg-1) was given; the changes in blood glucose and body weight were detected before and after administration; and bone mineral density (BMD), bone morphology, bone turnover markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators were observed in each group. We found that after chromium picolinate (CP) intervention for 8 weeks, the blood glucose level was decreased; the BMD, the bone histomorphology parameters, and the pathological structure were improved; the expression of bone resorption-related proteins was downregulated; and the expression of bone formation-related proteins was upregulated. Meanwhile, serum antioxidant activity was increased, and inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased. In conclusion, CP could alleviate DOP by anti-oxidation, inhibition of bone turnover, anti-inflammation, and regulation of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Therefore, CP has important application values for further development as a functional food or active medicine in DOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Wenrui Yan
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Mengli Shao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Biology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Shaanxi Migukang Biotechnology Company, Xi'an 710018, China
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Lopes TSB, Shi H, White D, Araújo ICS, Kim WK. Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on performance, gut health, and bone quality of broilers fed with reduced calcium and phosphorus diet during Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103267. [PMID: 38113706 PMCID: PMC10770761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) on performance, gut health, and bone quality of broilers fed with reduced calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) diet during Eimeria spp. challenge. A total of 576 fourteen-day-old Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly distributed in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. The main factors were 25-OHD level (0 or 3,000 IU/kg of feed), mineral level (0.84% of Ca/0.42% of P, the levels recommended for the grower phase (NOR) or 0.64% of Ca/0.22% of P (RED), and mid-high mixed Eimeria challenge or nonchallenge. 25-OHD improved phosphorus retention (P = 0.019), bone ash weight (P = 0.04), cortical bone trabecular connectivity (P = 0.043) during coccidiosis. For birds fed with reduced mineral levels, 25-OHD supplementation increased bone ash weight (P = 0.04). However, 25-OHD did not improve bone ash weight when birds were challenged and fed with reduced mineral levels. The dietary 3,000 IU of 25-OHD supplementation did not improve performance or gut morphology but support bone health during coccidiosis. Future investigations are needed for better understand 25-OHD role on bone microarchitecture and oxidative metabolism during coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S B Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - H Shi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D White
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - I C S Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Dou J, Liang Z, Liu J, Liu N, Hu X, Tao S, Zhen X, Yang L, Zhang J, Jiang G. Quinoa alleviates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating gut microbiota imbalance. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38284744 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is associated with dysregulation of bone metabolism and gut microbiota. Quinoa is a grain with high nutritional value, and its effects and potential mechanisms on PMO have not been reported yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the bone protective effect of quinoa on ovariectomy (OVX) rats by regulating bone metabolism and gut microbiota. RESULTS Quinoa significantly improved osteoporosis-related biochemical parameters of OVX rats and ameliorated ovariectomy-induced bone density reduction and trabecular structure damage. Quinoa intervention may repair the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins in the duodenum. In addition, quinoa increased the levels of Firmicutes, and decreased the levels of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella, reversing the dysregulation of the gut microbiota. This may be related to estrogen signaling pathway, secondary and primary bile acid biosynthesis, benzoate degradation, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and biosynthesis of tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloids. Correlation analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between gut microbiota with significant changes in abundance and parameters related to osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Quinoa could significantly reverse the high intestinal permeability and change the composition of gut microbiota in OVX rats, thereby improving bone microstructure deterioration and bone metabolism disorder, and ultimately protecting the bone loss of OVX rats. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Dou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengting Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Zhong Li Science and Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehong Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjie Zhen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hashwin Singh TS, Jashwin Singh TS, Chin KY. Effects of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate on Bone Quality beyond Bone Density-A Scoping Review of the Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:146. [PMID: 38399361 PMCID: PMC10891525 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a widely used pharmacological agent for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. While prolonged exposure to TDF has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, limited discussion exists on its effects on various aspects of bone quality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of TDF on bone quality beyond BMD. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies investigating the effects of TDF on bone quality. Original research articles written in English, irrespective of study type or publication year, were included in the review. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that prolonged exposure to TDF adversely affects bone microarchitecture and strength, impeding fracture healing and skeletal microdamage repair. The observed effects suggest a complex interplay involving bone cell signalling, cytokines and bone remodelling processes as potential mechanisms underlying TDF's impact on bone quality. As a conclusion, TDF impairs bone remodelling and microarchitecture by influencing dynamic bone cell behaviour and signalling pathways. Future studies should delve deeper into understanding the intricate negative effects of TDF on bone and explore strategies for reversing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (T.S.H.S.); (T.S.J.S.)
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Thomsen FSL, Iarussi E, Borggrefe J, Boyd SK, Wang Y, Battié MC. Bone-GAN: Generation of virtual bone microstructure of high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Med Phys 2023; 50:6943-6954. [PMID: 37264564 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data-driven development of medical biomarkers of bone requires a large amount of image data but physical measurements are generally too restricted in size and quality to perform a robust training. PURPOSE This study aims to provide a reliable in silico method for the generation of realistic bone microstructure with defined microarchitectural properties. Synthetic bone samples may improve training of neural networks and serve for the development of new diagnostic parameters of bone architecture and mineralization. METHODS One hundred-fifty cadaveric lumbar vertebrae from 48 different male human spines were scanned with a high resolution peripheral quantitative CT. After prepocessing the scans, we extracted 10,795 purely spongeous bone patches, each with a side length of 32 voxels (5 mm) and isotropic voxel size of 164 μm. We trained a volumetric generative adversarial network (GAN) in a progressive manner to create synthetic microstructural bone samples. We then added a style transfer technique to allow the generation of synthetic samples with defined microstructure and gestalt by simultaneously optimizing two entangled loss functions. Reliability testing was performed by comparing real and synthetic bone samples on 10 well-understood microstructural parameters. RESULTS The method was able to create synthetic bone samples with visual and quantitative properties that effectively matched with the real samples. The GAN contained a well-formed latent space allowing to smoothly morph bone samples by their microstructural parameters, visual appearance or both. Optimum performance has been obtained for bone samples with voxel size 32 × 32 × 32, but also samples of size 64 × 64 × 64 could be synthesized. CONCLUSIONS Our two-step-approach combines a parameter-agnostic GAN with a parameter-specific style transfer technique. It allows to generate an unlimited anonymous database of microstructural bone samples with sufficient realism to be used for the development of new data-driven methods of bone-biomarkers. Particularly, the style transfer technique can generate datasets of bone samples with specific conditions to simulate certain bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S L Thomsen
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Computer Science and Engineering, National University of the South (DIEC-ICIC-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Iarussi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, University Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Steven K Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Spine lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michele C Battié
- Common Spinal Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Zhao J, Duan X, Yan S, Liu Y, Wang K, Hu M, Chai Q, Liu L, Ge C, Jia J, Dou T. Transcriptomics reveals the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula on improving bone quality in broiler. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103044. [PMID: 37717480 PMCID: PMC10507442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorder is of concern to the poultry industry as it affects animal welfare and production performance. Traditional Chinese medicine could improve bone quality and reduce the incidence of bone disease, but the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula (CMF) on improving bone quality in broilers is still unclear. This study was performed to research the effects of CMF on skeletal performance of Cobb broilers and reveal the molecular regulation. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups of 30 chickens, with 5 replicates and 6 chickens in each replicate. The control (CON) group was fed a diet without CMF, while the CMF1, CMF2, and CMF3 groups were supplemented with different CMF at 6,000 mg/kg diet, respectively. The broilers were raised to 60 d of age, then bone tissues were collected for biomechanical properties, micro-CT detection and transcriptomic sequencing analysis. The results showed that CMF3 improved the biomechanical properties of broiler tibia, via increasing the elastic modulus (P < 0.05), yield strength (P > 0.05), maximum stress (P < 0.05) and fracture stress (P < 0.05) of the tibia. Micro-CT analysis indicated that CMF3 increased the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface density (BS/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of femur cancellous bone (P < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed 2,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FoldChange| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05) between the CMF3 group and CON group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis showed 13 pathways mostly associated with bone growth and development and bone metabolism, and we identified 39 bone-related DEGs. This study suggests that CMF3 could improve bone strength and bone microstructure of broilers, and showed a positive effect on bone performance. Our research could provide a theoretical reference for the development of pollution-free feed additives to improve the skeletal performance of broilers, which could help promote healthy farming of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, 650031 Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China.
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Bodden J, Dieckmeyer M, Sollmann N, Rühling S, Prucker P, Löffler MT, Burian E, Subburaj K, Zimmer C, Kirschke JS, Baum T. Long-term reproducibility of opportunistically assessed vertebral bone mineral density and texture features in routine clinical multi-detector computed tomography using an automated segmentation framework. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:5472-5482. [PMID: 37711780 PMCID: PMC10498219 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate reproducibility of texture features and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) extracted from trabecular bone in the thoracolumbar spine in routine clinical multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) data in a single scanner environment. Methods Patients who underwent two routine clinical thoraco-abdominal MDCT exams at a single scanner with a time interval of 6 to 26 months (n=203, 131 males; time interval mean, 13 months; median, 12 months) were included in this observational study. Exclusion criteria were metabolic and hematological disorders, bone metastases, use of bone-active medications, and history of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VFs) or prior diagnosis of osteoporosis. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework was used for automated spine labeling and segmentation (T5-L5), asynchronous Hounsfield unit (HU)-to-BMD calibration, and correction for the intravenous contrast medium phase. Vertebral vBMD and six texture features [varianceglobal, entropy, short-run emphasis (SRE), long-run emphasis (LRE), run-length non-uniformity (RLN), and run percentage (RP)] were extracted for mid- (T5-T8) and lower thoracic (T9-T12), and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), respectively. Relative annual changes were calculated in texture features and vBMD for each vertebral level and sorted by sex, and changes were checked for statistical significance (P<0.05) using paired t-tests. Root mean square coefficient of variation (RMSCV) and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated as measures of variability. Results SRE, LRE, RLN, and RP exhibited substantial reproducibility with RMSCV-values below 2%, for both sexes and at all spine levels, while vBMD was less reproducible (RMSCV =11.9-16.2%). Entropy showed highest variability (RMSCV =4.34-7.69%) due to statistically significant increases [range, mean ± standard deviation: (4.40±5.78)% to (8.36±8.66)%, P<0.001]. RMSCV of varianceglobal ranged from 1.60% to 3.03%. Conclusions Opportunistic assessment of texture features in a single scanner environment using the presented CNN-based framework yields substantial reproducibility, outperforming vBMD reproducibility. Lowest scan-rescan variability was found for higher-order texture features. Further studies are warranted to determine, whether microarchitectural changes to the trabecular bone may be assessed through texture features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Bodden
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Dieckmeyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rühling
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Prucker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian T. Löffler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Egon Burian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karupppasamy Subburaj
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S. Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Li LL, Yang Y, Ma CM, Li XM, Bian X, Fu Y, Ren LK, Wang RM, Shi YG, Zhang N. Effects of soybean isoflavone aglycone on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122045. [PMID: 37342551 PMCID: PMC10278230 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic diseases in old women, and supplementing estrogen through bioactive substances is one of the important ways to improve menopausal syndrome. Some studies have confirmed that soybean isoflavone has estrogenic activity, and the main active component of soybean isoflavones is isoflavone aglycones. However, few studies have investigated the improvement effect of high-purity soy isoflavone aglycones on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thus, the effect of different doses of high-purity soybeans isoflavone aglycone on the ovariectomized female osteoporosis rat model was evaluated by oral gavage. The rats were divided into seven experimental groups including SHAM, OVX, EE, SIHP, AFDP-L, AFDP-M, and AFDP-H, which was administered for 60 days from 30 days after ovariectomy. We collected blood from the abdominal aorta of rats on the 30th, 60th, and 90th days respectively, analyzed its serum biochemistry, and took out the femur for micro-CT imaging and bone microstructure parameter analysis. Results showed that the intervention effect of AFDP-H group on osteoporosis rats at 60 and 90 days was similar to that of EE group, and superior to the OVX group, SIHP group, AFDP-L group, AFDP-M group. The AFDP-H group inhibited the decrease in serum bone markers, bone density, trabeculae quantity, trabeculae thickness, and bone volume fraction, and increased the trabecular separation caused by ovariectomy, thereby significantly improving bone microstructure. It also prevented continuous weight gain and increased cholesterol levels in female rats. This study provided theoretical to application of soybean isoflavone aglycone in the intervention of osteoporosis. and confirmed that could replace chemical synthetic estrogen drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-lu Li
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-min Ma
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-mei Li
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Bian
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-kun Ren
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ru-meng Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-guo Shi
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Yang X, Shi L, Li A, Gao F, Sun W, Li Z. Phase-contrast imaging with synchrotron hard X-ray reveals the effect of icariin on bone tissue morphology and microstructure in rabbits with early glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1155532. [PMID: 37215078 PMCID: PMC10192577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1155532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phase-contrast imaging (PCI) with synchrotron hard X-ray was used to observe the changes in bone tissue morphology and microstructure in rabbit models of early glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to evaluate the intervention effect of Icariin. Methods: Fifty mature New Zealand rabbits (weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10), a glucocorticoid group (n = 20), and an Icariin group (n = 20). The glucocorticoid group and the Icariin group were sequentially injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS) to establish a glucocorticoid-induced ONFH animal model. The Icariin group was given Icariin solution when methylprednisolone was injected for the first time, and the control group and glucocorticoid group were given the same amount of normal saline. Animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks, and bilateral femoral head specimens were taken for research. The right femoral head was observed by PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray technology, and the left femoral head was verified by Micro-CT scanning and HE staining. Results: Forty-three animals (nine in the control group, sixteen in the glucocorticoid group, and eighteen in the Icariin group) were included in the study. PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray revealed that the trabecular bone in the glucocorticoid group was thinned, broken, and structurally damaged, whereas the trabecular bone in the Icariin group had normal volume, thickness, and a relatively intact structure. Micro-CT scan reconstruction and HE staining were used to verify the reliability of this technique in identifying osteonecrosis. Conclusion: The effects of Icariin were observed in an early glucocorticoid-induced ONFH rabbit model using PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray. Icariin weakens the destructive effect of glucocorticoids on bone tissue structure, improves bone tissue morphology, and stabilizes bone microstructure. This technique may provide a definitive, non-invasive alternative to histological examination for the diagnosis of early ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University China-Japan Friendship Clinical Hospital, Beijing, China
- Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zirong Li
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Martiniakova M, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Svik K, Londzin P, Folwarczna J, Soltesova Prnova M, Stefek M, Omelka R. The Effects of Prolonged Treatment with Cemtirestat on Bone Parameters Reflecting Bone Quality in Non-Diabetic and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040628. [PMID: 37111385 PMCID: PMC10145951 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cemtirestat, a bifunctional drug acting as an aldose reductase inhibitor with antioxidant ability, is considered a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Our study firstly examined the effects of prolonged cemtirestat treatment on bone parameters reflecting bone quality in non-diabetic rats and rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Experimental animals were assigned to four groups: non-diabetic rats, non-diabetic rats treated with cemtirestat, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with cemtirestat. Higher levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, magnesium, reduced femoral weight and length, bone mineral density and content, parameters characterizing trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, cortical microarchitecture and geometry, and bone mechanical properties were determined in STZ-induced diabetic versus non-diabetic rats. Treatment with cemtirestat did not affect all aforementioned parameters in non-diabetic animals, suggesting that this drug is safe. In diabetic rats, cemtirestat supplementation reduced plasma triglyceride levels, increased the Haversian canal area and slightly, but insignificantly, improved bone mineral content. Nevertheless, the insufficient effect of cemtirestat treatment on diabetic bone disease does not support its use in the therapy of this complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Karol Svik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Piotr Londzin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Stefek
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
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Shi G, Quevedo Gonzalez FJ, Breighner RE, Carrino JA, Siewerdsen JH, Zbijewski W. Effects of non-stationary blur on texture biomarkers of bone using Ultra-High Resolution CT. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2023; 12468:1246813. [PMID: 38226358 PMCID: PMC10788132 DOI: 10.1117/12.2654304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To advance the development of radiomic models of bone quality using the recently introduced Ultra-High Resolution CT (UHR CT), we investigate inter-scan reproducibility of trabecular bone texture features to spatially-variant azimuthal and radial blurs associated with focal spot elongation and gantry rotation. Methods The UHR CT system features 250×250 μm detector pixels and an x-ray source with a 0.4×0.5 mm focal spot. Visualization of details down to ~150 μm has been reported for this device. A cadaveric femur was imaged on UHR CT at three radial locations within the field-of-view: 0 cm (isocenter), 9 cm from the isocenter, and 18 cm from the isocenter; we expect the non-stationary blurs to worsen with increasing radial displacement. Gray level cooccurrence (GLCM) and gray level run length (GLRLM) texture features were extracted from 237 trabecular regions of interest (ROIs, 5 cm diameter) placed at corresponding locations in the femoral head in scans obtained at the different shifts. We evaluated concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between texture features at 0 cm (reference) and at 9 cm and 18 cm. We also investigated whether the spatially-variant blurs affect K-means clustering of trabecular bone ROIs based on their texture features. Results The average CCCs (against the 0 cm reference) for GLCM and GLRM features were ~0.7 at 9 cm. At 18 cm, the average CCCs were reduced to ~0.17 for GLCM and ~0.26 for GLRM. The non-stationary blurs are incorporated in radiomic features of cancellous bone, leading to inconsistencies in clustering of trabecular ROIs between different radial locations: an intersection-over-union overlap of corresponding (most similar) clusters between 0 cm and 9 cm shift was >70%, but dropped to <60% for the majority of corresponding clusters between 0 cm and 18 cm shift. Conclusion Non-stationary CT system blurs reduce inter-scan reproducibility of texture features of trabecular bone in UHR CT, especially for locations >15 cm from the isocenter. Radiomic models of bone quality derived from UHR CT measurements at isocenter might need to be revised before application in peripheral body sites such as the hips.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
| | - F J Quevedo Gonzalez
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA 10021
| | - R E Breighner
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA 10021
| | - J A Carrino
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Radiology & Imaging, New York, NY USA 10021
| | | | - W Zbijewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
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Kovacova V, Omelka R, Mondockova V, Londzin P, Conka J, Meliskova V, Folwarczna J, Celec P, Martiniakova M. Long-Term Cola Intake Does Not Cause Evident Pathological Alterations in the Femoral Bone Microstructure: An Animal Study in Adult Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771291 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term animal experiments and association studies in humans have shown that cola intake may have a detrimental impact on bone mineral density (BMD); however, other bone parameters have not been investigated. This study examined the effects of long-term cola consumption on the femoral bone microstructure using adult mice (n = 32) as an animal model, which were divided into water and cola groups depending on whether they received water or cola along with a standard rodent diet for 6 months. Micro-computed tomography revealed that cola intake did not significantly affect all measured parameters characterizing trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, as well as cortical microarchitecture and geometry in both sexes, although a slight deterioration of these parameters was noted. Cola consumption also resulted in a slightly, statistically insignificant worsening of bone mechanical properties. In contrast to female mice, males receiving cola had a lower area of primary osteons' vascular canals. Nevertheless, long-term cola intake did not cause evident pathological alterations in the femur of adult mice, possibly due to a balanced diet and no restriction of physical activity. Therefore, the adverse effects of cola consumption on BMD, the only bone parameter studied so far, may be caused by other risk and lifestyle factors.
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14
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Chen Y, Miao Y, Liu K, Zhu B, Xue F, Yin J, Zou J, Li G, Zhang C, Feng Y. Less sclerotic microarchitecture pattern with increased bone resorption in glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head as compared to alcohol-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133674. [PMID: 36967755 PMCID: PMC10031038 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid usage and alcohol abuse are the most widely accepted risk factors for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Despite distinct etiologies between glucocorticoid-associated ONFH (GONFH) and alcohol-associated ONFH (AONFH), little is known about the differences of the microarchitectural and histomorphologic characteristics between these subtypes of ONFH. PURPOSES To investigate bone microarchitecture, bone remodeling activity and histomorphology characteristics of different regions in femoral heads between GONFH and AONFH. METHODS From September 2015 to October 2020, 85 patients diagnosed with GONFH and AONFH were recruited. Femoral heads were obtained after total hip replacement. Femoral head specimens were obtained from 42 patients (50 hips) with GONFH and 43 patients (50 hips) with AONFH. Micro-CT was utilized to assess the microstructure of 9 regions of interest (ROIs) in the femoral head. Along the supero-inferior orientation, the femoral head was divided into necrotic region, reactive interface, and normal region; along the medio-lateral orientation, the femoral head was divided into medial region, central region and lateral region. Decalcified and undecalcified bone histology was subsequently performed to evaluate histopathological alterations and bone remodeling levels. RESULTS In the necrotic region, most of the microarchitectural parameters did not differ significantly between GONFH and AONFH, whereas both the reactive interface and normal region revealed a less sclerotic microarchitecture but a higher bone remodeling level in GONFH than AONFH. Despite similar necrotic pathological manifestations, subchondral trabecular microfracture in the necrotic region was more severe and vasculature of the reactive interface was more abundant in GONFH. CONCLUSIONS GONFH and AONFH shared similar microarchitecture and histopathological features in the necrotic region, while GONFH exhibited a less sclerotic microarchitecture and a more active bone metabolic status in both the reactive interface and normal region. These differences between GONFH and AONFH in bone microarchitectural and histopathological characteristics might contribute to the development of disease-modifying prevention strategies and treatments for ONFH, taking into etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
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Zhang M, Li Y, Liu L, Huang M, Wang M, Zou J. The effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse femoral bone achieved by anti-osteoporosis exercise interventions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:914872. [PMID: 36465647 PMCID: PMC9715737 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.914872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise therapy and key regulators of bone quality exert anti-hyperglycemic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. A number of programs have been reported to have an effect on bone disease in T2DM. Major unanswered questions concern the potential correlation of exercise with the improvement of bone quality in T2DM mice and how the nonlinear optical properties of bone are correlated with changes to its crystal structure. Methods Subjects were randomly divided into six groups: 1) control (C) group, which was fed a normal diet (n = 8); 2) T2DM quiet group, which was given a high-fat diet and quiet (n = 8); 3) T2DM plus swimming (T2DM+S) group, which received T2DM and swim training (n = 8); 4) T2DM plus resistance exercise (T2DM+RE) group, which was given T2DM and resistance exercise (n = 8); 5) T2DM plus aerobic exercise (T2DM+AE) group, with T2DM and medium-intensity treadmill exercise (n = 8); and 6) T2DM plus high-intensity interval training (T2DM+HIIT), with T2DM and high-intensity variable-speed intervention (n = 8). The levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the bone microstructure and morphometry, were measured at the end of the 8-week exercise intervention. Results Compared with the C group, the bone microstructure indexes [bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and connectivity density (Conn.D)], the bone biomechanical properties (maximum load, fracture load, yield stress, and elastic modulus), and the osteogenic differentiation factors (RUNX2, OSX, and BMP2) of the T2DM group were significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). Compared with the T2DM group, there were obvious improvements in the osteogenic differentiation factor (OSX) and Th.N, while the separation of trabecular bone (Tb.Sp) decreased in the T2DM+AE and T2DM+HIIT groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, the bone microstructure indicators BV/TV, tissue mineral density (TMD), Conn.D, and degree of anisotropy (DA) also increased in the T2DM+HIIT group, but the yield stress and Ct.Th deteriorated compared with the T2DM group (all p < 0.05). Compared with the T2DM+S and T2DM+RE groups, the BV/TV, trabecular number (Tb.N), Tb.Sp, and Conn.D in the T2DM+AE and T2DM+HIIT groups were significantly improved, but no significant changes in the above indicators were found between the T2DM+S and T2DM+RE groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, the BMD and the expression of ALP in the T2DM+AE group were significantly higher than those in the T2DM+HIIT group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion There was a significant deterioration in femur bone mass, trabecular bone microarchitecture, cortical bone geometry, and bone mechanical strength in diabetic mice. However, such deterioration was obviously attenuated in diabetic mice given aerobic and high-intensity interval training, which would be induced mainly by suppressing the development of T2DM. Regular physical exercise may be an effective strategy for the prevention of not only the development of diabetes but also the deterioration of bone properties in patients with chronic T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexuan Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Kim J, Kim JJ. Topology Optimization-Based Localized Bone Microstructure Reconstruction for Image Resolution Enhancement: Accuracy and Efficiency. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:644. [PMID: 36354554 PMCID: PMC9687309 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Topology optimization is currently the only way to provide bone microstructure information by enhancing a 600 μm low-resolution image into a 50 μm high-resolution image. Particularly, the recently proposed localized reconstruction method for the region of interest has received much attention because it has a high possibility to overcome inefficiency such as iterative large-scale problems of the conventional reconstruction. Despite the great potential, the localized method should be thoroughly validated for clinical application. This study aims to quantitatively validate the topology optimization-based localized bone microstructure reconstruction method in terms of accuracy and efficiency by comparing the conventional method. For this purpose, this study re-constructed bone microstructure for three regions of interest in the proximal femur by localized and conventional methods, respectively. In the comparison, the dramatically reduced total progress time by at least 88.2% (20.1 h) as well as computational resources by more than 95.9% (54.0 gigabytes) were found. Moreover, very high reconstruction accuracy in the trabecular alignment (up to 99.6%) and morphometric indices (up to 2.71%) was also found. These results indicated that the localized method could reconstruct bone microstructure, much more effectively preserving the originality of the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Botha J, Choiniere JN, Benson RBJ. Rapid growth preceded gigantism in sauropodomorph evolution. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4501-4507.e2. [PMID: 36084648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sauropod dinosaurs include the largest land animals to have walked the earth, mostly weighing 10-70 tons (e.g., Sander et al.1 and Carballido et al.2). Osteohistology suggests that derived physiological traits evolved near the origin of sauropod gigantism, including both rapid and uninterrupted growth from juvenile to adult with little developmental plasticity.1,3,4 This differs from the slower, seasonally interrupted growth of their direct ancestors, as evident in most non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs, which also show developmental plasticity in some groups. Accelerated but seasonally interrupted growth is present in Lessemsauridae, the sister clade to Sauropoda, which also attained giant adult body sizes (>10 tons).5 These observations suggest a correlation between giant size and accelerated growth. However, testing this evolutionary connection has been limited by the incomplete understanding of the growth patterns in some of the closest non-giant relatives of sauropods. We present the osteohistology of two such taxa, Aardonyx celestae and Sefapanosaurus zatronensis. Both exhibit highly vascularized woven-parallel complexes, with fibrolamellar complexes during early to mid-ontogeny, containing regular growth marks. These observations provide strong evidence for rapid but seasonally interrupted growth with limited developmental plasticity (indicated by the regular spacing of growth marks). Combined with our review of early branching sauropodomorph osteohistology, these results show that highly accelerated growth rates originated among smaller, non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs weighing 1 to 2 tons but preceded the origins of giant size (>10 tons). Therefore, the capacity for rapid bone tissue formation, a derived aspect of rapid growth seen in sauropods, did not evolve specifically to enable giant body sizes but may have been a prerequisite for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Botha
- Karoo Palaeontology Department, National Museum, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Jonah N Choiniere
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Roger B J Benson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
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Goliath JR, Gosman JH, Stout SD, Ryan TM. Ontogenetic Patterning of Human Subchondral Bone Microarchitecture in the Proximal Tibia. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36101383 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography images were acquired for 31 proximal human tibiae, age 8 to 37.5 years, from Norris Farms #36 cemetery site (A.D. 1300). Morphometric analysis of subchondral cortical and trabecular bone architecture was performed between and within the tibial condyles. Kruskal−Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine the association between region, age, body mass, and each morphometric parameter. The findings indicate that age-related changes in mechanical loading have varied effects on subchondral bone morphology. With age, trabecular microstructure increased in bone volume fraction (p = 0.033) and degree of anisotropy (p = 0.012), and decreased in connectivity density (p = 0.001). In the subchondral cortical plate, there was an increase in thickness (p < 0.001). When comparing condylar regions, only degree of anisotropy differed (p = 0.004) between the medial and lateral condyles. Trabeculae in the medial condyle were more anisotropic than in the lateral region. This research represents an innovative approach to quantifying both cortical and trabecular subchondral bone microarchitecture in archaeological remains.
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Tan Y, Xu A, Qiu Z, Wang L, Wang J, Luo J, Zeng H, Jin H, Wang Y, Xue J, Huang Y, Shu W. Drinking Natural Mineral Water Maintains Bone Health in Young Rats With Metabolic Acidosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:813202. [PMID: 35387196 PMCID: PMC8979287 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.813202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic acidosis affects bone health. It remains unclear whether drinking natural mineral water is better for maintaining bone health in the youth with metabolic acidosis. Materials and Methods Sixty young female rats (3-weeks-old) were randomly divided into three groups and drank purified water (PW, as control), bicarbonate-rich natural mineral water (Bic-NMW), or sulfate-rich natural mineral water (Sul-NMW), which, respectively, contained calcium (0.17, 155, and 175 mg/L), bicarbonate (0.1360, and 139 mg/L) and sulfate (0, 35.6, and 532 mg/L), for 16 weeks. In the last 3 weeks, metabolic acidosis was induced in 10 rats per group by adding NH4Cl (0.28 mM) to drinking water. The rats' blood, urine, and femur were collected for assessing acid-base status, calcium metabolism, bone microstructure, and strength. The difference between the three groups was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test or Dunnett's T3 test. Results Compared with the PW rats, the Bic-NMW rats and the Sul-NMW rats had less urine net acid excretion (−1.51, 0.20 vs. 10.77, EQ/L), higher bone mineral density (442.50, 407.49 vs. 373.28, mg/mm3), growth cartilage width (271.83, 283.83 vs. 233.27, μm) and cortical trabecular area (9.33, 9.55 vs. 5.05, mm2), and smaller cortical marrow cavity area (5.40, 5.49 vs. 7.27, mm2) in the femur (P < 0.05). Besides, the Bic-NMW rats had less serum calcium (2.53 vs. 2.68, mmol/L) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen (1.35 vs. 1.93, ng/mL), and higher serum calcitonin (0.61 vs. 0.39, μg/L), femoral trabecular thickness (0.10 vs. 0.09, μm), bone volume/total volume (0.42 vs. 0.34, %), cortical bone area (15.91 vs. 12.80, mm2), and ultimate stress (35.12 vs. 29.32, MPa) (P < 0.05). The Sul-NMW rats had more osteoclasts (22.50 vs. 11.54, cells/field) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Drinking natural mineral water, especially bicarbonate-rich natural mineral water, is effective in improving bone health in young rats with metabolic acidosis. These benefits include maintaining bone mineral density, and improving bone microstructure and biomechanical properties via moderating metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Anwei Xu
- Department of Anti-epidemic, Navy Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiqun Qiu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaohua Luo
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huidong Jin
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqun Shu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Gao L, Li Y, Yang YJ, Zhang DY. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Bone Mass and the Transcription of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729910. [PMID: 34777002 PMCID: PMC8589120 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Using RNA-sequencing technology to screen the effect of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise on the sensitive genes that affect bone mass in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) grade were randomly divided into the sham operation (SHAM) group, OVX group, and OVX combined exercise (OVX + EX) group. The OVX + EX group performed moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 17 weeks. Then, the body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured, and the bone microstructure of the femur was observed. PBMCs were collected from the abdominal aorta, and the differential genes were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing to further screen sensitive genes. Results: (1) In the OVX group, the body weight and body fat content were significantly higher than in the SHAM group while the muscle content and BMD were significantly lower than the SHAM group. (2) The trabecular bone parameters in the OVX group were significantly lower than in the SHAM group, and they were significantly higher in the OVX + EX group than in the OVX group. When compared with the SHAM group, the microstructure of the distal femur trabecular in the OVX group was severely damaged, suggest that the morphological structure of trabecular bone is severely damaged, the number of trabecular bones is reduced, and the thickness becomes thinner, which lead to the widening of the trabecular bone space and the appearance of osteoporosis. The number and continuity of the trabecular bones were higher in the OVX + EX group than in the OVX group. (3) A Venn diagram showed that there were 58 common differential genes, and the differential genes were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Five sensitive genes were screened including CCL2, Nos3, Tgfb3, ITGb4, and LpL. The expression of CCL2, Nos3, and Tgfb3 genes was closely related to multiple bone parameters. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity treadmill exercise may improve the body composition and bone mass of the OVX group by upregulating CCL2 and other genes of the PBMC. The PBMCs in the peripheral blood can be a useful tool for monitoring the effect of exercise on bone health in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Jie Yang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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21
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Pellegrini RA, Callahan WR, Hastings AK, Parris DC, McCauley JD. Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3067. [PMID: 34827799 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The paleohistology of dyrosaurids is known from a small sample, despite being common fossils and representing a rare lineage of crocodylomorphs that survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. Their lifestyle has been inferred only from sections of the snout, vertebrae, partial femur, and tibia. To improve this, we conducted a skeletochronological and paleohistological study of midshaft cross-sections of both femora and humeri of a nearly complete Hyposaurus rogersii skeleton. We found lamellar-zonal bone that underwent remodeling, evidenced by resorption cavities and abundant secondary osteons within the primary periosteal cortex. The osteons, mostly longitudinally oriented and arranged in circular rows, often anastomose radially along a linear path, resembling radial rows. The medullary cavity is completely open, lacking trabeculae: endosteal deposition is limited to thin lamellae surrounding the cavity. Analysis of cyclical growth marks and the presence of an external fundamental system indicate the specimen was a fully mature adult 17-18 years of age. Comparison of the skeleton to others suggests sexual dimorphism and that it was female. The open medullary cavity, and no evidence for pachyosteosclerosis, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, or pachyostosis indicate H. rogersii was not a deep diver or a fast swimmer in the open ocean but a near-shore marine ambush predator.
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22
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Smith AC, Watamaniuk L, Rogers TL. Use of laser-scanning confocal microscopy in the detection of diagenesis in bone. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:92-101. [PMID: 34585401 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the value of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) as a research tool in osteological studies, and diagenetic studies in particular. LSCM combines properties of light and scanning electron microscopy using laser light to excite fluorophores throughout the z-axis, developing a 3-D image. Using differential staining and selecting for specific wavelengths of light, one can image targeted materials. This research is divided into two parts: visualizing bone structures such as proteins and their decompositional products and visualizing diagenesis. Part one of this study utilized pig bones as a means of testing the overall ability of LSCM to fluoresce bone. Twenty-three samples were imaged, including 13 samples from a decompositional study conducted 5 years previous, and 10 "fresh" samples collected from a commercial butcher. This part of the study determined that protein and organic components of the bone could be fluoresced and diagenetic alteration could be imaged. The second part of the study used human samples as a means of imaging and mapping diagenetic alterations. The second part of the study used 13 samples, including 4 clinical, 7 ancient, and 2 modern controls. The pig study used Basic Fuchsin and SlowFade Gold stains, while the human study used toluidine blue. Images were also taken with unstained elements. The results of the non-human study found that a fresh bone fluoresced differently than that of a 5-year subset, while the results of the human study confirmed these findings and determined that the bone diagenesis can be mapped using LSCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lelia Watamaniuk
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy L Rogers
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Padala SR, Asikainen P, Ruotsalainen T, Mikkonen JJ, Silvast TS, Koistinen AP, Schulten EAJM, Ten Bruggenkate CM, Kullaa AM. Effects of irradiation in the mandibular bone loaded with dental implants. An experimental study with a canine model. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:276-285. [PMID: 34423726 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1962467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy may compromise the quality of bone around dental implants, and its ability to regenerate, remodel, and revascularize. This study aimed to describe the irradiation effect on the bone microstructure of the mandible using dental implants in a canine model. Five beagle dogs were exposed to 40 Gy fractionated radiation. In total, 20 dental implants were inserted, two in the irradiated and two in the non-irradiated side. The mandible bone blocks were subjected to 3D micro-computed tomography (µCT) imaging, later evaluated histomorphometrically by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Alterations in irradiated bone were observed under µCT imaging showing an increased anisotropy, porosity, and pore volume. Bone surface-to-bone volume decreased. The bone to implant contact index was significantly reduced in the irradiated bone (75.6% ± 5.8%) as compared to the non-irradiated bone (85.1% ± 6.8%). In the irradiated mandible, osteocytes with their filopodial processes, the bone beneath the periosteum, and subperiosteal veins showed structural differences but were not significant, whereas the diameter of Haversian canals were smaller statistical significant as compared to the control side. The study highlights that radiation dosage of fractioned 40 Gy causes alterations in the alveolar bone microstructure with compatible osseointegration and clinically stable dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Reddy Padala
- Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Timo Ruotsalainen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jopi Jw Mikkonen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,SIB Labs, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo S Silvast
- SIB Labs, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto P Koistinen
- SIB Labs, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/ Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris M Ten Bruggenkate
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/ Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Ashique AM, Atake OJ, Ovens K, Guo R, Pratt IV, Detrich HW, Cooper DML, Desvignes T, Postlethwait JH, Eames BF. Bone microstructure and bone mineral density are not systemically different in Antarctic icefishes and related Antarctic notothenioids. J Anat 2021; 240:34-49. [PMID: 34423431 PMCID: PMC8655173 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancestors of the Antarctic icefishes (family Channichthyidae) were benthic and had no swim bladder, making it energetically expensive to rise from the ocean floor. To exploit the water column, benthopelagic icefishes were hypothesized to have evolved a skeleton with “reduced bone,” which gross anatomical data supported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes to icefish bones also occurred below the level of gross anatomy. Histology and micro‐CT imaging of representative craniofacial bones (i.e., ceratohyal, frontal, dentary, and articular) of extant Antarctic fish species specifically evaluated two features that might cause the appearance of “reduced bone”: bone microstructure (e.g., bone volume fraction and structure linear density) and bone mineral density (BMD, or mass of mineral per volume of bone). Measures of bone microstructure were not consistently different in bones from the icefishes Chaenocephalus aceratus and Champsocephalus gunnari, compared to the related benthic notothenioids Notothenia coriiceps and Gobionotothen gibberifrons. Some quantitative measures, such as bone volume fraction and structure linear density, were significantly increased in some icefish bones compared to homologous bones of non‐icefish. However, such differences were rare, and no microstructural measures were consistently different in icefishes across all bones and species analyzed. Furthermore, BMD was similar among homologous bones of icefish and non‐icefish Antarctic notothenioids. In summary, “reduced bone” in icefishes was not due to systemic changes in bone microstructure or BMD, raising the prospect that “reduced bone” in icefish occurs only at the gross anatomic level (i.e., smaller or fewer bones). Given that icefishes exhibit delayed skeletal development compared to non‐icefish Antarctic fishes, combining these phenotypic data with genomic data might clarify genetic changes driving skeletal heterochrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ashique
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Oghenevwogaga J Atake
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Augmented Intelligence & Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruiyi Guo
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Isaac V Pratt
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H William Detrich
- Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M L Cooper
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - B Frank Eames
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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25
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Wei H, Bi Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang R, Bao J. Low dietary phosphorus impairs keel bone health and quality in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:73-81. [PMID: 34309436 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1960951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Phosphorus (P) is a necessary nutrient for egg production and bone quality in poultry diets. To investigate the effects of low dietary available P (avP) on keel bone, 180 laying hens were fed either a control (C, 0.3% avP) or low phosphorus (LP, 0.15% avP) diet from 20-36 weeks of age (WOA). Each diet was replicated in six cages with 15 birds per cage. Keel samples were collected at 24, 28, 32, and 36 WOA to measure indicators.2. The incidence of keel bone damage in the LP group was higher than C group and increased with age throughout the experiment period. Keel bone length from laying hens in the LP group was shorter than C group (P < 0.05) at 32 and 36 WOA.3. The mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and ratio of RANKL to osteoprotegerin (OPG) were upregulated (P < 0.05), and that of sclerostin and OPG was downregulated (P < 0.05) in the LP group in comparison to hens in the C group. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of the integrin-binding sialoprotein was increased at 24 and 28 WOA (P < 0.05), and decreased at 32 and 38 WOA (P < 0.05) in the LP group.4. Laying hens in LP group had increased trabecular separation and bone surface fraction (P < 0.05), decreased bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number and thickness, and bone mineral density (P < 0.05) at 32 WOA. The LP-fed hens had increased K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, Sr and Pb bone concentrations (P < 0.05), and decreased P and TI bone concentrations (P < 0.05) at 36 WOA.5. Feeding hens a P-deficient diet with 0.15% avP and 3.37% Ca during the laying period impaired keel bone quality, which could be related to the osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - J Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - R Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - J Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Chen Y, Zhong Z, Chen W, Lv X, Luo SY. Glucocorticoid-induced dose-related and site-specific bone remodelling, microstructure, and mechanical changes in cancellous and cortical bones. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1421-1429. [PMID: 34214197 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) administration on bone remodelling, microstructure, and biomechanical strength in cortical and cancellous (trabecular) bones. Thirty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three dexamethasone (Dex) dosage groups, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg twice a week for 8 weeks, and one control group treated with saline. At the end of the experiment, the tibia of one side and the fourth lumbar vertebrae were processed into sections for a histomorphometric analysis, while the femur of the same side and the fifth vertebrae were isolated for a biomechanical test. A dose-dependent decline in bone formation was observed in both trabecular and cortical (periosteal and endosteal) bones. In contrast, bone resorption was inhibited only in cancellous bone in the two higher dose groups and not dose-related. The ratio of Node/Termini increased, while marrow star volume (MSV) decreased in all Dex groups in metaphyseal trabecular bones, both of which were dose-dependent. Subendosteal cortex porosity increased in parallel with non-uniform trabecular distribution, but cortical thickness remained unchanged. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in microstructure or mechanical strength in lumbar trabecular bone. The cortical elastic load was dose-independently reduced in all three Dex groups when compared with the control group. In summary, bone remodelling was dose-dependently inhibited in cancellous bones but enhanced in intracortical bones. The non-uniform distribution of trabecular bone and increased porosity in the inner edge of cortical bone were both in parallel with GC dosage, and the porosity increase was more likely to occur, leading to reduced cortical mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenshuang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shi-Ying Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Vielreicher M, Bozec A, Schett G, Friedrich O. Murine Metatarsus Bone and Joint Collagen-I Fiber Morphologies and Networks Studied With SHG Multiphoton Imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:608383. [PMID: 34178952 PMCID: PMC8226188 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.608383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory disease of bones and joints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, gout, etc.), but also acute bone injury and healing, or degenerative resorptive processes inducing osteoporosis, are associated with structural remodeling that ultimately have impact on function. For instance, bone stability is predominantly orchestrated by the structural arrangement of extracellular matrix fibrillar networks, i.e., collagen-I, -IV, elastin, and other proteins. These components may undergo distinct network density and orientation alterations that may be causative for decreased toughness, resilience and load bearing capacity or even increased brittleness. Diagnostic approaches are usually confined to coarse imaging modalities of X-ray or computer tomography that only provide limited optical resolution and lack specificity to visualize the fibrillary collagen network. However, studying collagen structure at the microscopic scale is of considerable interest to understand the mechanisms of tissue pathologies. Multiphoton Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, is able to visualize the sterical topology of the collagen-I fibrillar network in 3D, in a minimally invasive and label-free manner. Penetration depths exceed those of conventional visible light imaging and can be further optimized through employing decalcification or optical clearing processing ex vivo. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to use SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence (2-PEF) imaging to mainly characterize the fibrillary collagen organization within ex vivo decalcified normal mouse metatarsus bone and joint. The results show that the technique resolved the fibrillar collagen network of complete bones and joints with almost no artifacts and enabled to study the complex collagen-I networks with various fiber types (straight, crimped) and network arrangements of mature and woven bone with high degree of detail. Our imaging approach enabled to identify cavities within both cortical and trabecular bone architecture as well as interfaces with sharply changing fiber morphology and network structure both within bone, in tendon and ligament and within joint areas. These possibilities are highly advantageous since the technology can easily be applied to animal models, e.g., of rheumatoid arthritis to study structural effects of chronic joint inflammation, and to many others and to compare to the structure of human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Clinic, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Frongia GN, Naitana S, Farina V, Gadau SD, Stefano MD, Muzzeddu M, Leoni G, Zedda M. Correlation between wing bone microstructure and different flight styles: The case of the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) and greater flamingo (phoenicopterus roseus). J Anat 2021; 239:59-69. [PMID: 33650143 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flying is the main means of locomotion for most avian species, and it requires a series of adaptations of the skeleton and of feather distribution on the wing. Flight type is directly associated with the mechanical constraints during flight, which condition both the morphology and microscopic structure of the bones. Three primary flight styles are adopted by avian species: flapping, gliding, and soaring, with different loads among the main wing bones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional microstructure of the most important skeletal wing bones, humerus, radius, ulna, and carpometacarpus, in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus). These two species show a flapping and soaring flight style, respectively. Densitometry, morphology, and laminarity index were assessed from the main bones of the wing of 10 griffon vultures and 10 flamingos. Regarding bone mineral content, griffon vultures generally displayed a higher mineral density than flamingos. Regarding the morphology of the crucial wing bones involved in flight, while a very slightly longer humerus was observed in the radius and ulna of flamingos, the ulna in griffons was clearly longer than other bones. The laminarity index was significantly higher in griffons. The results of the present study highlight how the mechanics of different types of flight may affect the biomechanical properties of the wing bones most engaged during flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian N Frongia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Farina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio D Gadau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco D Stefano
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Disease Section, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Muzzeddu
- Bonassai Breeding and Wildlife Recovery Center, Regional Forest Agency FoReSTAS, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Leoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Zedda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
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Nicolaisen P, Obling ML, Winther KH, Hansen S, Hermann AP, Hegedüs L, Bonnema SJ, Brix TH. Consequences of Hyperthyroidism and Its Treatment for Bone Microarchitecture Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Thyroid 2021; 31:208-216. [PMID: 32703114 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hyperthyroidism is associated with bone mass reduction and increased fracture risk, but the effects on other important bone parameters have been sparsely examined. Therefore, we investigated bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in hyperthyroid patients at diagnosis and after being euthyroid for at least one year. Methods: Two approaches were used: (A) a case-control study comparing 61 hyperthyroid women with 61 euthyroid women matched for age and menopause status; (B) a follow-up study, in which 46 of the 61 women were re-examined after having been euthyroid for one year. HR-pQCT of the distal radius and tibia, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and the hip were performed. Results: In analysis A: In the radius, compared with the healthy controls, hyperthyroid patients had higher total area (16.9% ± 29.5%; p < 0.001), trabecular area (28.6% ± 45.7%; p < 0.001), and lower cortical area (-11.7% ± 23.2%; p < 0.001). Total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (-13.9% ± 26.5%; p < 0.001), cortical vBMD (-5.8% ± 7.9%; p < 0.001), cortical thickness (-16.7% ± 26.0%; p < 0.001), and estimated bone strength (-6.6% ± 19.5%; p < 0.01) were lower. No significant differences were found in the tibia or in the DXA parameters. In analysis B: In the radius, significant improvements were observed in the cortical area (2.1% ± 4.6%; p < 0.01), cortical thickness (2.5% ± 5.1%; p < 0.001), and total vBMD (0.8% ± 3.0%; p < 0.05). Trabecular area decreased (-0.5% ± 1.0%; p < 0.01) and trabecular separation increased (2.0% ± 8.3%; p < 0.05). In the tibia, cortical area (3.6% ± 7.3%; p < 0.01) and cortical thickness (3.8% ± 7.6%; p < 0.01) increased, and trabecular area decreased (-0.5% ± 1.1%; p < 0.01). Areal BMD, measured by DXA, increased in the spine (1.1% ± 3.4%; p < 0.05) and in the hip (2.0% ± 3.8%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Compared with the healthy control group, hyperthyroid women had lower vBMD, lower estimated bone strength, and compromised cortical microarchitecture in the radius. After restoration of euthyroidism, significant improvements in vBMD and cortical microarchitecture were observed, highlighting the importance of achieving and maintaining euthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nicolaisen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stinus Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Laszlo Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Joop Bonnema
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Heiberg Brix
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Duan L, Yang S, Wang LJ, Zhang Y, Li R, Yang H, Zhao Y, Du H, Zhai X, Gong F, Pan H, Zhu H, Xia W. The Negative Impacts of Acromegaly on Bone Microstructure Not Fully Reversible. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738895. [PMID: 34603213 PMCID: PMC8479105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the bone turnover markers and bone microarchitecture parameters derived from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in active and controlled acromegaly patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 55 acromegaly patients from a tertiary hospital (23 males and 32 females, aged 45.0 ± 11.6 years). Firstly, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and markers for bone turnover were assessed. Next, we derived peripheral bone microstructure parameters and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) through HR-pQCT. These parameters were compared between acromegaly patients and 110 healthy controls, as well as between 27 active and 28 controlled acromegaly patients. Moreover, the relationship between GH/IGF-1 and bone microstructure parameters was analyzed through multiple linear regression. RESULTS As compared with healthy controls, acromegaly patients exhibited elevated cortical vBMD, reduced trabecular vBMD, and increased trabecular inhomogeneity in the distal radius and tibia. While controlled acromegaly patients had slower bone turnover, they did not necessarily have better bone microstructure relative to active patients in intergroup comparison. Nevertheless, multiple regression indicated that higher IGF-1 was associated with lower tibial stiffness and failure load. Additionally, males with higher IGF-1 typically had larger trabecular separation, lower trabecular number, and larger cortical pores in the radius. Moreover, patients with elevated GH typically had more porous cortical bone in the radius and fewer trabeculae in the tibia. However, the compromised bone strength in active patients was partially compensated by increased bone thickness. Furthermore, no significant linkage was observed between elevated GH/IGF-1 and the most important HR-pQCT parameters such as trabecular volumetric bone density. CONCLUSION Acromegaly adversely affected bone quality, even in controlled patients. As the deterioration in bone microstructure due to prolonged GH/IGF-1 exposure was not fully reversible, clinicians should be aware of the bone fragility of acromegaly patients even after they had achieved biochemical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanze Du
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Zhu, ; Weibo Xia,
| | - Weibo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Zhu, ; Weibo Xia,
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Dieckmeyer M, Sollmann N, El Husseini M, Sekuboyina A, Löffler MT, Zimmer C, Kirschke JS, Subburaj K, Baum T. Gender-, Age- and Region-Specific Characterization of Vertebral Bone Microstructure Through Automated Segmentation and 3D Texture Analysis of Routine Abdominal CT. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:792760. [PMID: 35154004 PMCID: PMC8828577 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.792760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify long-term reproducible texture features (TFs) of spinal computed tomography (CT), and characterize variations with regard to gender, age and vertebral level using our automated quantification framework. METHODS We performed texture analysis (TA) on baseline and follow-up CT (follow-up duration: 30-90 days) of 21 subjects (8 females, 13 males, age at baseline 61.2 ± 9.2 years) to determine long-term reproducibility. TFs with a long-term reproducibility error Δrel<5% were further analyzed for an association with age and vertebral level in a cohort of 376 patients (129 females, 247 males, age 62.5 ± 9.2 years). Automated analysis comprised labeling and segmentation of vertebrae into subregions using a convolutional neural network, calculation of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with asynchronous calibration and TF extraction. Varianceglobal measures the spread of the gray-level distribution in an image while Entropy reflects the uniformity of gray-levels. Short-run emphasis (SRE), Long-run emphasis (LRE), Run-length non-uniformity (RLN) and Run percentage (RP) contain information on consecutive voxels of a particular grey-level, or grey-level range, in a particular direction. Long runs (LRE) represent coarse texture while short runs (SRE) represent fine texture. RLN reflects similarities in the length of runs while RP reflects distribution and homogeneity of runs with a specific direction. RESULTS Six of the 24 extracted TFs had Δrel<5% (Varianceglobal, Entropy, SRE, LRE, RLN, RP), and were analyzed further in 4716 thoracolumbar vertebrae. Five TFs (Varianceglobal,SRE,LRE, RLN,RP) showed a significant difference between genders (p<0.001), potentially being caused by a finer and more directional vertebral trabecular microstructure in females compared to males. Varianceglobal and Entropy showed a significant increase from the thoracic to the lumbar spine (p<0.001), indicating a higher degree and earlier initiation of trabecular microstructure deterioration at lower spinal levels. The four higher-order TFs showed significant variations between spine regions without a clear directional gradient (p ≤ 0.001-0.012). No TF showed a clear age dependence. vBMD differed significantly between genders, age groups and spine regions (p ≤ 0.001-0.002). CONCLUSION Long-term reproducible CT-based TFs of the thoracolumbar spine were established and characterized in a predominantly older adult study population. The gender-, age- and vertebral-level-specific values may serve as foundation for osteoporosis diagnostics and facilitate future studies investigating vertebral microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dieckmeyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Dieckmeyer,
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Malek El Husseini
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anjany Sekuboyina
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian T. Löffler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S. Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karupppasamy Subburaj
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Qi SS, Shao ML, Sun Z, Chen SM, Hu YJ, Li XS, Chen DJ, Zheng HX, Yue TL. Chondroitin Sulfate Alleviates Diabetic Osteoporosis and Repairs Bone Microstructure via Anti-Oxidation, Anti-Inflammation, and Regulating Bone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:759843. [PMID: 34777254 PMCID: PMC8579055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.759843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) belongs to secondary osteoporosis caused by diabetes; it has the characteristics of high morbidity and high disability. In the present study, we constructed a type 1 diabetic rat model and administered chondroitin sulfate (200 mg/kg) for 10 weeks to observe the preventive effect of chondroitin sulfate on the bone loss of diabetic rats. The results showed that chondroitin sulfate can reduce blood glucose and relieve symptoms of diabetic rats; in addition, it can significantly increase the bone mineral density, improve bone microstructure, and reduce bone marrow adipocyte number in diabetic rats; after 10 weeks of chondroitin sulfate administration, the SOD activity level was upregulated, as well as CAT levels, indicating that chondroitin sulfate can alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Chondroitin sulfate was also found to reduce the level of serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and MCP-1) and alleviate the inflammation in diabetic rats; bone metabolism marker detection results showed that chondroitin sulfate can reduce bone turnover in diabetic rats (decreased RANKL, CTX-1, ALP, and TRACP 5b levels were observed after 10 weeks of chondroitin sulfate administration). At the same time, the bone OPG and RUNX 2 expression levels were higher after chondroitin sulfate treatment, the bone RANKL expression was lowered, and the OPG/RANKL ratio was upregulated. All of the above indicated that chondroitin sulfate could prevent STZ-induced DOP and repair bone microstructure; the main mechanism was through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and regulating bone metabolism. Chondroitin sulfate could be used to develop anti-DOP functional foods and diet interventions for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong, China
| | - Meng Li Shao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ze Sun
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., Hanzhong, China
| | - Si Min Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ying Jun Hu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xin Sheng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Resource Biology, Hanzhong, China
| | - De Jing Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Li Yue, ; Hong Xing Zheng, ; De Jing Chen,
| | - Hong Xing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Resource Biology, Hanzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Li Yue, ; Hong Xing Zheng, ; De Jing Chen,
| | - Tian Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Li Yue, ; Hong Xing Zheng, ; De Jing Chen,
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Yang G, Yu H, Liu Y, Ye W, Zhu G, Yan A, Tan Q, Mei H. Serum-derived exosomes from neurofibromatosis type 1 congenital tibial pseudarthrosis impaired bone by promoting osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:130-141. [PMID: 33023333 PMCID: PMC7871115 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220962737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) still is full of challenges in pediatric orthopedist. Serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) have been proven to be participated in bone remodeling. However, the molecular changes in SDEs of CPT children and their pathologies have not been elucidated. In this study, SDEs were isolated and purified from CPT patients (CPT-SDEs) associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and normal children (Norm-SDEs). Then we obtained the proteomics profile of SDEs by combining liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tandem mass tag label-based quantitation. In vitro, the efficacy of SDEs on osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclastogenesis ability of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and cytochemical staining. In vivo, we used micro-CT to assess cortical bone mass and trabecular microstructures to reflect the influence of SDEs on bone remodeling after injection into the tail vein of rats. Based on proteomics analysis, 410 differentially expressed proteins, including 289 downregulated proteins and 121 upregulated proteins, were identified in the CPT-SDEs. These proteins have multiple biological functions associated with cellular metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and protein binding, which are important for cell differentiation and proliferation. In vitro, CPT-SDEs decreased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and promoted the osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. Injection of CPT-SDEs into the tail vein for two months resulted in bone loss in rats, as indicated by the decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass. Our findings demonstrated the differences in proteins in SDEs between normal and CPT children with NF1. These differentially expressed proteins in CPT-SDEs contributed to deteriorating trabecular bone microstructures by inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 39062, Germany
| | - Yaoxi Liu
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Weihua Ye
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - An Yan
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Qian Tan
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
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Haschka J, Kraus DA, Behanova M, Huber S, Bartko J, Schanda JE, Meier P, Bahrami A, Zandieh S, Zwerina J, Kocijan R. Fractal-Based Analysis of Bone Microstructure in Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124116. [PMID: 33419268 PMCID: PMC7766043 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. TX-Analyzer™ is a new fractal-based technique to evaluate bone microarchitecture based on conventional radiographs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the TX-Analyzer™ of the thoracic and lumbar spine in CD patients and healthy controls (CO) and to correlate the parameters to standard imaging techniques. 39 CD patients and 39 age- and sex-matched CO were analyzed. Demographic parameters were comparable between CD and CO. Bone structure value (BSV), bone variance value (BVV) and bone entropy value (BEV) were measured at the vertebral bodies of T7 to L4 out of lateral radiographs. Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were compared to TX parameters. BSV and BVV of the thoracic spine of CD were higher compared to controls, with no difference in BEV. Patients were further divided into subgroups according to the presence of a history of glucocorticoid treatment, disease duration > 15 years and bowel resection. BEV was significantly lower in CD patients with these prevalent risk factors, with no differences in BMD at all sites. Additionally, TBS was reduced in patients with a history of glucocorticoid treatment. Despite a not severely pronounced bone loss in this population, impaired bone quality in CD patients with well-known risk factors for systemic bone loss was assessed by TX-Analyzer™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Haschka
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Daniel Arian Kraus
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martina Behanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stephanie Huber
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johann Bartko
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jakob E. Schanda
- Department of Trauma Surgery, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1120 Vienna, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Arian Bahrami
- Department of Radiology and Nucelar Medicine, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shahin Zandieh
- Department of Radiology and Nucelar Medicine, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Roland Kocijan
- 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (D.A.K.); (S.H.); (J.B.); (J.Z.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK, AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1140 Vienna, Austria;
- Medical Faculty of Bone Diseases, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-191-021-57368
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Montoya-Sanhueza G, Bennett NC, Oosthuizen MK, Dengler-Crish CM, Chinsamy A. Long bone histomorphogenesis of the naked mole-rat: Histodiversity and intraspecific variation. J Anat 2020; 238:1259-1283. [PMID: 33305850 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole-rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity and are considered a novel model to assess the effects of delayed puberty on the skeletal system, scarce information on their morphogenesis exists. Here, we examined a large ontogenetic sample (n = 76) of subordinate individuals to assess the pattern of bone growth and bone microstructure of fore- and hindlimb bones by using histomorphological techniques. Over 290 undecalcified thin cross-sections from the midshaft of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia from pups, juveniles and adults were analyzed with polarized light microscopy. Similar to other fossorial mammals, NMRs exhibited a systematic cortical thickening of their long bones, which clearly indicates a conserved functional adaptation to withstand the mechanical strains imposed during digging, regardless of their chisel-tooth predominance. We describe a high histodiversity of bone matrices and the formation of secondary osteons in NMRs. The bones of pups are extremely thin-walled and grow by periosteal bone formation coupled with considerable expansion of the medullary cavity, a process probably tightly regulated and adapted to optimize the amount of minerals destined for skeletal development, to thus allow the female breeder to produce a higher number of pups, as well as several litters. Subsequent cortical thickening in juveniles involves high amounts of endosteal bone apposition, which contrasts with the bone modeling of other mammals where a periosteal predominance exists. Adults have bone matrices predominantly consisting of parallel-fibered bone and lamellar bone, which indicate intermediate to slow rates of osteogenesis, as well as the development of poorly vascularized lamellar-zonal tissues separated by lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and annuli. These features reflect the low metabolism, low body temperature and slow growth rates reported for this species, as well as indicate a cyclical pattern of osteogenesis. The presence of LAGs in captive individuals was striking and indicates that postnatal osteogenesis and its consequent cortical stratification most likely represents a plesiomorphic thermometabolic strategy among endotherms which has been suggested to be regulated by endogenous rhythms. However, the generalized presence of LAGs in this and other subterranean taxa in the wild, as well as recent investigations on variability of environmental conditions in burrow systems, supports the hypothesis that underground environments experience seasonal fluctuations that may influence the postnatal osteogenesis of animals by limiting the extension of burrow systems during the unfavorable dry seasons and therefore the finding of food resources. Additionally, the intraspecific variation found in the formation of bone tissue matrices and vascularization suggested a high degree of developmental plasticity in NMRs, which may help explaining the polymorphism reported for this species. The results obtained here represent a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship of several aspects involved in the morphogenesis of the skeletal system of a mammal with extraordinary adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Montoya-Sanhueza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maria K Oosthuizen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Anusuya Chinsamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jadzic J, Cvetkovic D, Tomanovic N, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S, Milovanovic P, Djuric M, Djonic D. The severity of hepatic disorder is related to vertebral microstructure deterioration in cadaveric donors with liver cirrhosis. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:840-849. [PMID: 33170963 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) commonly suffer from osteoporosis and vertebral fracture, but data about their vertebral micro-architectural changes are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential differences in trabecular micro-architecture of lumbar vertebrae between male LC patients and healthy controls, in relation to etiology and pathohistological scoring of the liver disorder. After pathohistological examination of liver tissue, micro-computed tomography was performed on the vertebral samples included into: alcoholic liver cirrhosis group (ALC; n = 16; age: 59 ± 8 years), non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis group (non-ALC; n = 15; age: 69 ± 10 years) and control group (n = 16; age: 58 ± 6 years). Our data showed significant impairment of the trabecular microstructure in the lumbar vertebrae from LC donors, regardless of the alcoholic/non-alcoholic origin of liver disorder, as illustrated by lower BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N compared with controls (p < .05). Moreover, depredation in trabecular micro-architecture was inversely associated with pathohistological scores (p < .05), indicating that severity of liver disorder could be an important predictor of reduced vertebral strength in LC. We noticed significant micro-architectural deterioration in the trabecular compartment of the lumbar vertebrae of male individuals with alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC, which was associated with the severity of the liver disease. Thus, clinical assessment of fracture risk should be advised for all LC patients, regardless of the alcoholic origin of liver cirrhosis. Additionally, adequate and timely treatment of liver disorder may decelerate the progression of bone impairment in LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jadzic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Cvetkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Papageorgiou M, Merminod F, Chevalley T, van Rietbergen B, Ferrari S, Rizzoli R, Biver E. Associations between age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength and dietary acid load in a cohort of community-dwelling, healthy men and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1120-1131. [PMID: 32678420 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of dietary acid load (DAL) in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still debated. Age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength in relation to DAL remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between changes in areal and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and strength, fracture risk, and DAL in a prospective cohort of 65-y-old healthy men and postmenopausal women. METHODS Potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/d) was calculated as a DAL proxy to characterize participants' diet as alkaline (Alk-D; PRAL < -5), neutral (Neut-D; -5 ≤ PRAL ≤ 5), or acidic (Acid-D; PRAL >5). We measured areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA, and distal radius and tibia bone microstructure using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, at baseline (n = 853) and after 6.1 ± 1.4 y (n = 708). Bone strength was estimated using finite element analyses at baseline and after 3.0 ± 0.5 y (n = 613). Prevalent and incident fractures were recorded. RESULTS The majority of the participants (59%) had an Alk-D, while 23% had a Neut-D, and 18% an Acid-D. Baseline aBMD and bone microstructure and strength did differ or were slightly better in women or men with an Acid-D versus those consuming an Alk-D or Neut-D. Indeed, women with an Acid-D had higher trabecular number (P = 0.010 vs. Alk-D; P = 0.001 vs. Neut-D), while men had higher hip and radius aBMD (P = 0.008 and 0.024 vs. Neut-D, respectively) and radius strength (P = 0.026 vs. Neut-D). Over the follow-up, women in the Acid-D group experienced lower cortical and endocortical bone loss at the radius than did the Alk-D and Neut-D groups (cortical thickness, P = 0.008 and < 0.001; trabecular area, P = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). No association between fractures and PRAL was observed. CONCLUSIONS These null or favourable associations between baseline values or changes in aBMD, bone microstructure and strength, and DAL in this cohort of 65-y-old healthy individuals do not support adverse DAL-mediated effects on bone. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN11865958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Merminod
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Matsugaki A, Matsumoto S, Nakano T. A Novel Role of Interleukin-6 as a Regulatory Factor of Inflammation-Associated Deterioration in Osteoblast Arrangement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6659. [PMID: 32932973 PMCID: PMC7555301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders are associated with bone destruction; that is, deterioration in bone cell activities are under the control of the innate immune system. Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity by switching their polarized phenotype. A disturbed immune system causes aberrance in the ordered bone matrix microarrangement, which is a dominant determinant of bone tissue functionalization. However, the precise relationship between the immune system and bone tissue organization is unknown. In this study, the controlled in vitro co-culture assay results showed that M1-polarized macrophages disrupted the osteoblast alignment, which directly modulate the oriented bone matrix organization, by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, interleukin-6 was found to be a key regulator of unidirectional osteoblast alignment. Our results demonstrated that inflammatory diseases triggered bone dysfunction by regulating the molecular interaction between the immune system and bone tissue organization. These findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.M.); (S.M.)
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Klose-Jensen R, Tse JJ, Keller KK, Barnabe C, Burghardt AJ, Finzel S, Tam LS, Hauge EM, Stok KS, Manske SL. High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography for Bone Evaluation in Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:337. [PMID: 32766262 PMCID: PMC7381125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a 3-dimensional imaging modality with superior sensitivity for bone changes and abnormalities. Recent advances have led to increased use of HR-pQCT in inflammatory arthritis to report quantitative volumetric measures of bone density, microstructure, local anabolic (e.g., osteophytes, enthesiophytes) and catabolic (e.g., erosions) bone changes and joint space width. These features may be useful for monitoring disease progression, response to therapy, and are responsive to differentiating between those with inflammatory arthritis conditions and healthy controls. We reviewed 69 publications utilizing HR-pQCT imaging of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or wrist joints to investigate arthritis conditions. Erosions are a marker of early inflammatory arthritis progression, and recent work has focused on improvement and application of techniques to sensitively identify erosions, as well as quantifying erosion volume changes longitudinally using manual, semi-automated and automated methods. As a research tool, HR-pQCT may be used to detect treatment effects through changes in erosion volume in as little as 3 months. Studies with 1-year follow-up have demonstrated progression or repair of erosions depending on the treatment strategy applied. HR-pQCT presents several advantages. Combined with advances in image processing and image registration, individual changes can be monitored with high sensitivity and reliability. Thus, a major strength of HR-pQCT is its applicability in instances where subtle changes are anticipated, such as early erosive progression in the presence of subclinical inflammation. HR-pQCT imaging results could ultimately impact decision making to uptake aggressive treatment strategies and prevent progression of joint damage. There are several potential areas where HR-pQCT evaluation of inflammatory arthritis still requires development. As a highly sensitive imaging technique, one of the major challenges has been motion artifacts; motion compensation algorithms should be implemented for HR-pQCT. New research developments will improve the current disadvantages including, wider availability of scanners, the field of view, as well as the versatility for measuring tissues other than only bone. The challenge remains to disseminate these analysis approaches for broader clinical use and in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Klose-Jensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Justin J Tse
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl Barnabe
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Finzel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathryn S Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Manske
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Xie W, Li F, Han Y, Qin Y, Wang Y, Chi X, Xiao J, Li Z. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist promotes osteoporosis and microdamage repair and enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8120-8136. [PMID: 32381754 PMCID: PMC7244071 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly population. The accumulation of bone microdamage is a critical factor of osteoporotic fracture. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported to regulated bone metabolism through Y1 receptor (Y1R). In this study the effects and mechanisms of Y1R antagonist on prevention for osteoporosis were characterized. In the clinical experiment, compared with osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP) showed significant osteoporotic bone microstructure and accumulation of bone microdamage. NPY and Y1R immunoreactivity in bone were stronger in OP group, and were both correlated with bone volume fraction (BV/TV). In vivo experiment, Y1R antagonist significantly improved osteoporotic microstructure in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. And Y1R antagonist promoted RUNX2, OPG and inhibit RANKL, MMP9 in bone marrow. In vitro cell culture experiment, NPY inhibited osteogenesis, elevated RANKL/OPG ratio and downregulated the expression of cAMP, p-PKAs and p-CREB in BMSCs, treated with Y1R antagonist or 8-Bromo-cAMP could inhibit the effects of NPY. Together, Y1R antagonist improved the bone microstructure and reduced bone microdamage in OVX rats. NPY-Y1R could inhibit osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Our findings highlight the regulation of NPY-Y1R in bone metabolism as a potential therapy strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoying Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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41
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Sada K, Chiba K, Kajiyama S, Okazaki N, Yonekura A, Tomita M, Osaki M. Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure of the Elbow in Baseball Pitchers: An Analysis by Second-Generation HR-pQCT. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:322-328. [PMID: 31006601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baseball pitchers' elbows are exposed to repeated overloading during the throwing motion, which causes bone structural changes such as bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. They have been observed by clinical CT and MRI, while the bone microstructural change has not yet been studied in vivo. The aims of this study were to establish a method of imaging the elbow joint using second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and to investigate the bone microstructural change in baseball pitchers' dominant elbows. METHODS The subjects were 17 baseball pitchers. The elbow was fixed using a custom-made cast and scanned by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT. The scan conditions were as follows: voxel size 60.7 μm, integration time 43 ms, scan length 30.6 mm, and total scan time 8 min. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and trabecular bone microstructure were analyzed in the 6.5-mm3 cubic regions set in the capitellum and trochlea, and the dominant and nondominant elbows were compared. RESULTS vBMD, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) at the capitellum were significantly higher in the dominant elbow than in the nondominant elbow. On the other hand, no parameters at the trochlea were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Higher vBMD accompanied by thicker trabecular bone was observed at the capitellum. These bone microstructural changes would reflect the valgus stress generated by the pitching motion in the elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Sada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Shiro Kajiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Narihiro Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yonekura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Tomita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Nethander M, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Karlsson M, Mellström D, Ohlsson C. BMD-Related Genetic Risk Scores Predict Site-Specific Fractures as Well as Trabecular and Cortical Bone Microstructure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5739622. [PMID: 32067027 PMCID: PMC7069346 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is important to identify patients at highest risk of fractures. OBJECTIVE To compare the separate and combined performances of bone-related genetic risk scores (GRSs) for prediction of forearm, hip and vertebral fractures separately, as well as of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters separately. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using 1103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with estimated bone mineral density of the heel (eBMD), we developed a weighted GRS for eBMD and determined its contribution to fracture prediction beyond 2 previously developed GRSs for femur neck BMD (49 SNPs) and lumbar spine BMD (48 SNPs). Associations between these GRSs and forearm (ncases = 1020; ncontrols = 2838), hip (ncases = 1123; ncontrols = 2630) and vertebral (ncases = 288; ncontrols = 1187) fractures were evaluated in 3 Swedish cohorts. Associations between the GRSs and trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters (n = 426) were evaluated in the MrOS Sweden cohort. RESULTS We found that eBMDGRS was the only significant independent predictor of forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS were significant independent predictors of hip fractures. The eBMDGRS was the major GRS contributing to prediction of trabecular bone microstructure parameters while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contributed information for prediction of cortical bone microstructure parameters. CONCLUSIONS The eBMDGRS independently predicts forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contribute independent information for prediction of hip fractures. We propose that eBMDGRS captures unique information about trabecular bone microstructure useful for prediction of forearm and vertebral fractures. These findings may facilitate personalized medicine to predict site-specific fractures as well as cortical and trabecular bone microstructure separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Professor Claes Ohlsson MD, PhD, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
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Cai X, Brenner R, Peralta L, Olivier C, Gouttenoire PJ, Chappard C, Peyrin F, Cassereau D, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Homogenization of cortical bone reveals that the organization and shape of pores marginally affect elasticity. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180911. [PMID: 30958180 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With ageing and various diseases, the vascular pore volume fraction (porosity) in cortical bone increases, and the morphology of the pore network is altered. Cortical bone elasticity is known to decrease with increasing porosity, but the effect of the microstructure is largely unknown, while it has been thoroughly studied for trabecular bone. Also, popular micromechanical models have disregarded several micro-architectural features, idealizing pores as cylinders aligned with the axis of the diaphysis. The aim of this paper is to quantify the relative effects on cortical bone anisotropic elasticity of porosity and other descriptors of the pore network micro-architecture associated with pore number, size and shape. The five stiffness constants of bone assumed to be a transversely isotropic material were measured with resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in 55 specimens from the femoral diaphysis of 29 donors. The pore network, imaged with synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography, was used to derive the pore descriptors and to build a homogenization model using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The model was calibrated using experimental elasticity. A detailed analysis of the computed effective elasticity revealed in particular that porosity explains most of the variations of the five stiffness constants and that the effects of other micro-architectural features are small compared to usual experimental errors. We also have evidence that modelling the pore network as an ensemble of cylinders yields biased elasticity values compared to predictions based on the real micro-architecture. The FFT homogenization method is shown to be particularly efficient to model cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Cai
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Renald Brenner
- 2 Institut Jean le Rond ∂'Alembert, Sorbonne Université , CNRS UMR 7190, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Laura Peralta
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Cécile Olivier
- 3 CREATIS, Université de Lyon , INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne , France.,4 ESRF , 38043 Grenoble , France
| | | | | | - Françoise Peyrin
- 3 CREATIS, Université de Lyon , INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne , France.,4 ESRF , 38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Didier Cassereau
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Quentin Grimal
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
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Shi G, Subramanian S, Cao Q, Demehri S, Siewerdsen JH, Zbijewski W. Application of a Novel Ultra-High Resolution Multi-Detector CT in Quantitative Imaging of Trabecular Microstructure. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2020; 11317:113171E. [PMID: 33597792 PMCID: PMC7885907 DOI: 10.1117/12.2552385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of a novel ultra-high resolution multi-detector CT scanner (Canon Aquilion Precision UHR CT), capable of visualizing ~150 μm details, in quantitative assessment of bone microarchitecture. Compared to conventional CT, the spatial resolution of UHR CT begins to approach the size of the trabeculae. This might enable measurements of microstructural correlates of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and other bone disease. METHODS The UHR CT system features a 160-row x-ray detector with 250×250 μm pixels (measured at isocenter) and a custom-designed x-ray source with a 0.4×0.5 mm focal spot. Visualization of high contrast details down to ~150 μm has been achieved on this device, which is now commercially available for clinical use. To evaluate the performance of UHR CT in quantification of bone microstructure, we imaged a variety of human bone samples (including ulna, radius, and vertebrae) embedded in a ~16 cm diameter plastic cylinder and in an anthropomorphic thorax phantom (QRM-Thorax, QRM Gmbh). Helical UHR CT acquisitions (120 kVp tube voltage) were acquired at scan exposures of 375 mAs - 5 mAs. For comparison, the samples were also imaged using a Normal Resolution (NR) mode available on the scanner, involving 500 μm slice thickness, exposure of 50 mAs, and a focal spot of 0.6×1.3 mm. We obtained micro-CT (μCT) of the bone samples at ~28 μm voxel size as a gold-standard reference. Geometric measurements of bone microstructure were performed in 17 regions-of-interests (ROIs) distributed throughout the bones of the phantoms; image registration was used to place the ROIs at corresponding locations in the UHR CT and NR CT. Trabecular thickness Tb.Th, spacing Tb.Sp, and Bone Volume fraction BvTv were obtained. The UHR and NR imaging protocols were compared terms of correlations to μCT and error of trabecular measurements. The effect of dose on trabecular morphometry was also studied for the UHR CT. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity of texture features of trabecular bone (recently proposed as an alternative to geometric indices of microstructure) to imaging protocol. Image texture evaluation was performed using ~150 regions of interest (ROIs) across all bone samples. Three-dimensional Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRM) features were extracted for each ROI. We analyzed correlation and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of the mean ROI values of texture features obtained using the UHR and NR modes. RESULTS UHR CT reconstructions of bone samples clearly demonstrated improved visualization of the trabeculae compared to NR CT. UHR CT achieved substantially better correlations for all three metrics of bone microstructure, in particular for BvTv (correlation coefficient of 0.91 for UHR CT compared to 0.84 for NR CT) and TbSp (correlation of 0.74 for UHR CT and 0.047 for NR CT). The error obtained with UHR CT was generally smaller than that of NR CT. For TbSp, the mean deviation from μCT (averaged across all bone samples) was only ~0.07 for UHR CT, compared to 0.25 for NR CT. Analysis of reproducibility of texture features of trabecular bone between UHR CT and NR CT revealed fair correlations (>0.7) for the majority of GLCM features, but relatively poor CCC (e.g. 0.02 for Energy and 0.04 for Entropy). The magnitude of texture metrics is particularly affected by the enhanced spatial resolution of UHR CT. CONCLUSION The recently introduced UHR CT achieves improved correlation and reduced error in measurements of trabecular bone microstructure compared to conventional resolution CT. Future development of diagnostic strategies based on textural biomarkers derived from UHR CT will need to account for potential sensitivity of texture features to image resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
| | - Q Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
| | - S Demehri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21287
| | - J H Siewerdsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21287
| | - W Zbijewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA 21205
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Abstract
The authors have analyzed the data base of L.P. Astanin (1951) by 19 macro- and microscopic signs of the proximal phalanx of the V finger of the left hand of 40 Russian women aged 18-85. With the increase of years, the external parameters of the proximal phalanx change insufficiently, the medullary cavity increases, and the compact substance area decreases due to the erosion of bone lamellas. The total number of vascular channels changes insufficiently, but their average sizes dramatically increase due to resorption. The majority of the studied age-related markers are correlation-dependent on each other. Three diagnostic models with significant indices of determination (R2=0.719-0.804) have been calculated using multiple regression analysis in a stepwise manner. By the verification results, the diagnostic models can be used in forensic medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Zvyagin
- Office of Special Innovative Investigations of the Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - O I Galitskaya
- Office of Special Innovative Investigations of the Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 125284
| | - E S Anushkina
- Office of Special Innovative Investigations of the Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 125284
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Kang YS, Kim JC, Kim JS, Kim SH. Effects of Swimming Exercise on Serum Irisin and Bone FNDC5 in Rat Models of High-Fat Diet-Induced Osteoporosis. J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:596-603. [PMID: 31827343 PMCID: PMC6873128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression of PGC-1α/FNDC5/irisin induced by attenuation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone accrual and determine whether swimming exercise could improve attenuating bone accrual through this mechanism. Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups for the first 8 weeks: CD, control diet (n = 10); and HFD, high-fat diet (n = 20). HFD-fed rats were again divided into two groups for further 8 weeks treatment: HFD (n = 10) and HFD with swimming exercise (HEx, n = 10). During this time, the CD group continuously fed the normal diet. Throughout the 16 weeks study period, the rats were weighed once every week. Samples were collected for analysis after last 8 weeks of treatment in the 16 weeks. Morphological and structural changes of the femur and tibial bone were observed using micro-CT, and Osteocalcin, CTX-1 and irisin levels in the blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of IL-1, β-catenin, FNDC5 and PGC-1α, in the femur were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Eight weeks of HFD increased body weight and epididymal fat mass and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Subsequent 8 weeks of swimming exercise improved obesity, BMD, bone microstructure, and bone metabolic factors in the HEx group. The irisin levels in the blood and the expressions of FNDC5 and PGC-1α in the bone were significantly lower in the HFD group than in the CD group, but elevated in the HEx group than in the HFD group. Swimming exercise is effective in improving obesity-worsened bone health and increases blood irisin and bone PGC-1α and FNDC5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seok Kang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Beresheim AC, Pfeiffer S, Grynpas M. Ontogenetic changes to bone microstructure in an archaeologically derived sample of human ribs. J Anat 2019; 236:448-462. [PMID: 31729033 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable variation in the gross morphology and tissue properties among the bones of human infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Using 18 known-age individuals (nfemale = 8, nmale = 9, nunknown = 1; birth to 21 years old), from a well-documented cemetery collection, Spitalfields Christ Church, London, UK, this study explores growth-related changes in cortical and trabecular bone microstructure. Micro-CT scans of mid-shaft middle thoracic ribs are used for quantitative analysis. Results are then compared to previously quantified conventional histomorphometry of the same sample. Total area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and the major (Maj.Dm) and minor (Min.Dm) diameters of the rib demonstrate positive correlations with age. Pore density (Po.Dn) increases, but age-related changes to cortical porosity (Ct.Po) appear to be non-linear. Trabecular thickness (Tb.th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increase with age, whereas trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf), structural model index (SMI), and connectivity density (Conn.D) decrease with age. Sex-based differences were not identified for any of the variables included in this study. Some samples display clear evidence of diagenetic alteration without corresponding changes in radiopacity, which compromises the reliability of bone mineral density (BMD) data in the study of past populations. Cortical porosity data are not correlated with two-dimensional measures of osteon population density (OPD). This suggests that unfilled resorption spaces contribute more significantly to cortical porosity than do the Haversian canals of secondary osteons. Continued research using complementary imaging techniques and a wide array of histological variables will increase our understanding of age- and sex-specific ontogenetic patterns within and among human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Beresheim
- Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Susan Pfeiffer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kovacova V, Sarocka A, Blahova J, Sranko P, Omelka R, Galbavy D, Kolesarova A, Martiniakova M. Long-term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds influences cortical bone microstructure of rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:362-370. [PMID: 31724244 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apricot seeds due to the presence of cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin belong to the popular "alternative cancer cures", although anticancer effect of amygdalin remains controversial. This in vivo study points to the effect of long-term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds on bone microstructure of rabbits since chronic amygdalin toxicity in relation to bone parameters has not been investigated yet. Rabbits (n = 16) were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 4 animals each. Three experimental groups S1, S2 and S3 received commercial feed for rabbits mixed with crushed bitter apricot seeds at doses 60, 300 and 420 mg/kg bw during five months, respectively. The control (C) group received no apricot seeds. The long-term consumption of apricot seeds had no impact on total body weight, femoral weight and femoral length of rabbits. Also, microcomputed tomography (3D analysis) of cortical and trabecular bone tissues did not reveal any significant impact of amygdalin toxicity on relative bone volume, BMD, cortical bone thickness, bone surface, trabecular number, thickness, and their separation. On the other hand, histological (2D) analysis demonstrated evident changes in cortical bone microstructure consistent with a decreased density of secondary osteons in the middle part of substantia compacta due to a replacement of Haversian bone tissue by plexiform bone tissue, vasoconstriction in the primary osteons' vascular canals, Haversian canals, and decreased sizes of secondary osteons in rabbits from S1, S2 and S3 groups. These negative changes are associated with different vascularization and biomechanical properties of cortical bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Sarocka
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Sranko
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Pereira C, Guede D, Durães C, Brandão I, Silva N, Passos E, Bernardes M, Monteiro R, Martins MJ. Differential Modulation of Cancellous and Cortical Distal Femur by Fructose and Natural Mineral-Rich Water Consumption in Ovariectomized Female Sprague Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2316. [PMID: 31574967 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure depend on estrogens and diet. We assessed the impact of natural mineral-rich water ingestion on distal femur of fructose-fed estrogen-deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. Ovariectomized rats drank tap or mineral-rich waters, with or without 10%-fructose, for 10 weeks. A sham-operated group drinking tap water was included (n = 6/group). Cancellous and cortical bone compartments were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Circulating bone metabolism markers were measured by enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or multiplex bead assay. Ovariectomy significantly worsened cancellous but not cortical bone, significantly increased circulating degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and significantly decreased circulating osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio. In ovariectomized rats, in cancellous bone, significant water effect was observed for all microstructural properties, except for the degree of anisotropy, and BMD (neither a significant fructose effect nor a significant interaction between water and fructose ingestion effects were observed). In cortical bone, it was observed a significant (a) water effect for medullary volume and cortical endosteal perimeter; (b) fructose effect for cortical thickness, medullary volume, cross-sectional thickness and cortical endosteal and periosteal perimeters; and (c) interaction effect for mean eccentricity. In blood, significant fructose and interaction effects were found for osteoprotegerin (no significant water effect was seen). For the first time in ovariectomized rats, the positive modulation of cortical but not of cancellous bone by fructose ingestion and of both bone locations by natural mineral-rich water ingestion is described.
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Jeong H, Asai J, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Assessment of the Inner Surface Microstructure of Decellularized Cortical Bone by a Scanning Electron Microscope. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E86. [PMID: 31546952 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microstructural changes of bones, which form a hierarchy of skeletal tissue, vary, depending on their condition, and are affected by the behaviors of bone cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the microstructural changes in the inner femoral surface of Sprague Dawley rats according to the conditions using a scanning electron microscope. Microstructural differences on the endocortical surface were observed in the characteristics of osteocytic canaliculi, bone fibers, and surface roughness, showing a rougher surface in old adults and an osteoporosis model by quantitative comparison. These results could be helpful for developing a basic understanding of the microstructural changes that occur on the bone surface under various conditions.
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