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Hindurao B, Gujare A, Jadhav H, Dhatrak P. Evaluate the effect of bone density variation on stress distribution at the bone-implant interface using numerical analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024:9544119241240940. [PMID: 38534009 DOI: 10.1177/09544119241240940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The current study aims to comprehend how different bone densities affect stress distribution at the bone-implant interface. This will help understand the behaviour and help predict success rates of the implant planted in different bone densities. The process of implantation involves the removal of bone from a small portion of the jawbone to replace either a lost tooth or an infected one and an implant is inserted in the cavity made as a result. Now the extent of fixation due to osseointegration is largely dependent on the condition of the bone in terms of the density. Generally, the density of the bone is classified into four categories namely D1, D2, D3, and D4; with D1 being purely cortical and D4 having higher percentage of cancellous bordered by cortical bone. A bone model with a form closely resembling the actual bone was made using 3D CAD software and was meshed using Hyper Mesh. The model was subjected to an oblique load of 120 N at 70° to the vertical to replicate occlusal loading. A finite element static analysis was done using Abaqus software. The stress distribution contours at the bone-implant contact zone were studied closely to understand the changes as a result of the varying density. It was revealed that as the quantity of the cancellous bone increased from D1 to D4 the cortical peak stress levels dropped. The bone density and the corresponding change in the material characteristics was also responsible for the variation in the peak stress and displacement values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav Hindurao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya Gujare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshavardhan Jadhav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Dhatrak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Tan H, Paulk AC, Stedelin B, Cleary DR, Nerison C, Tchoe Y, Brown EC, Bourhis A, Russman S, Lee J, Tonsfeldt KJ, Yang JC, Oh H, Ro YG, Lee K, Ganji M, Galton I, Siler D, Han SJ, Collins KL, Ben-Haim S, Halgren E, Cash SS, Dayeh S, Raslan AM. Intraoperative application and early experience with novel high-resolution, high-channel-count thin-film electrodes for human microelectrocorticography. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:665-676. [PMID: 37874692 DOI: 10.3171/2023.7.jns23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to evaluate intraoperative experience with newly developed high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and those composed of platinum nanorods (PtNRs). METHODS A cohort of patients who underwent craniotomy for pathological tissue resection and who had high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids placed intraoperatively were evaluated. Patient demographic and baseline clinical variables as well as relevant microelectrode grid characteristic data were collected. The primary and secondary outcome measures of interest were successful microelectrode grid utilization with usable resting-state or task-related data, and grid-related adverse intraoperative events and/or grid dysfunction. RESULTS Included in the analysis were 89 cases of patients who underwent a craniotomy for resection of neoplasms (n = 58) or epileptogenic tissue (n = 31). These cases accounted for 94 grids: 58 PEDOT:PSS and 36 PtNR grids. Of these 94 grids, 86 were functional and used successfully to obtain cortical recordings from 82 patients. The mean cortical grid recording duration was 15.3 ± 1.15 minutes. Most recordings in patients were obtained during experimental tasks (n = 52, 58.4%), involving language and sensorimotor testing paradigms, or were obtained passively during resting state (n = 32, 36.0%). There were no intraoperative adverse events related to grid placement. However, there were instances of PtNR grid dysfunction (n = 8) related to damage incurred by suboptimal preoperative sterilization (n = 7) and improper handling (n = 1); intraoperative recordings were not performed. Vaporized peroxide sterilization was the most optimal sterilization method for PtNR grids, providing a significantly greater number of usable channels poststerilization than did steam-based sterilization techniques (median 905.0 [IQR 650.8-935.5] vs 356.0 [IQR 18.0-597.8], p = 0.0031). CONCLUSIONS High-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids can be readily incorporated into appropriately selected craniotomy cases for clinical and research purposes. Grids are reliable when preoperative handling and sterilization considerations are accounted for. Future investigations should compare the diagnostic utility of these high-resolution grids to commercially available counterparts and assess whether diagnostic discrepancies relate to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brittany Stedelin
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Departments of4Neurological Surgery
| | - Caleb Nerison
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
- 6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
- 10Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Erik C Brown
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- 7Department of Neurological Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Jihwan Lee
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
- 8Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongseok Oh
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
- 9Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
- 9Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ian Galton
- 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
| | - Dominic Siler
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Seunggu Jude Han
- 12Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kelly L Collins
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- 11Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | | | - Eric Halgren
- 13Neurology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Sydney S Cash
- 2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ahmed M Raslan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Salvatore SV, Lambert PM, Benz A, Rensing NR, Wong M, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Periodic and aperiodic changes to cortical EEG in response to pharmacological manipulation. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:529-540. [PMID: 38323322 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00445.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical electroencephalograms (EEGs) may help understanding of neuropsychiatric illness and new treatment mechanisms. The aperiodic component (1/f) of EEG power spectra is often treated as noise, but recent studies suggest that changes to the aperiodic exponent of power spectra may reflect changes in excitation/inhibition balance, a concept linked to antidepressant effects, epilepsy, autism, and other clinical conditions. One confound of previous studies is behavioral state, because factors associated with behavioral state other than excitation/inhibition ratio may alter EEG parameters. Thus, to test the robustness of the aperiodic exponent as a predictor of excitation/inhibition ratio, we analyzed video-EEG during active exploration in mice of both sexes during various pharmacological manipulations with the fitting oscillations and one over f (FOOOF) algorithm. We found that GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-positive allosteric modulators increased the aperiodic exponent, consistent with the hypothesis that an increased exponent signals enhanced cortical inhibition, but other drugs (ketamine and GABAAR antagonists at subconvulsive doses) did not follow the prediction. To tilt excitation/inhibition ratio more selectively toward excitation, we suppressed the activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Contrary to our expectations, circuit disinhibition with the DREADD increased the aperiodic exponent. We conclude that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra does not yield a universally reliable marker of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neuropsychiatric illness may be associated with altered excitation/inhibition balance. A single electroencephalogram (EEG) parameter, the aperiodic exponent of power spectra, may predict the ratio between excitation and inhibition. Here, we use cortical EEGs in mice to evaluate this hypothesis, using pharmacological manipulations of known mechanism. We show that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra is not a reliable marker of excitation/inhibition ratio. Thus, alternative markers of this ratio must be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peter M Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ann Benz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Nicholas R Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Nasri A, Sghaier I, Neji A, Gharbi A, Abida Y, Mrabet S, Gargouri A, Djebara MB, Kacem I, Gouider R. Phenotypic spectrum of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Clinical study and APOE effect. J Mov Disord 2024:jmd.23178. [PMID: 38290492 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)is a rare neurodegenerative disorder encompassing several phenotypes with various motor and cognitive deficits.We aimed to study motor and cognitive characteristics across PSP phenotypes,and assess the influence of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE)gene variants on PSP phenotypic expression. Materials and Methods In 20-year-cross-sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients classified as PSP and re-categorized them into phenotypes using the MDS-2017 criteria. Phenotypes were divided into three subgroups based on the clinical presentation during the first 3 years after symptoms' onset, which defines the early disease stage:Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), PSP-cortical (PSP-F+PSP-SL+PSP-CBS) and PSP-subcortical(PSP-P+PSP-PGF+PSP-PI+PSP-OM+PSP-C+PSP-PLS).Data on clinical and neuropsychological assessments were collected.Genotyping of APOE was performed using the RFLP-PCR and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results We included 112 PSP patients comprising 10 phenotypes classified into 48PSP-RS, 34PSP-cortical(17.6%PSP-CBS,9.4%PSP-F,8.2%PSP-SL)and 30 PSP-subcortical(11.6%PSP-P,8%PSP-PI, 2.6%PSP-OM,1.8%PSP-PGF,1.8%PSP-C,0.9%PSP-PLS) subgroups. PSP-RS cases had older age of onset(p=0.009)and more akinetic-rigid and levodopa resistant parkinsonism(p=0.006),while PSP-cortical cases had more tremor and asymmetric and/or levodopa responsive parkinsonism(p=0.025).Cognitive domains were significantly less altered among PSP-subcortical subgroup.Overall,PSP-APOEε4 carriers developed parkinsonism earlier (p=0.019),had earlier oculomotor dysfunction(p=0.052) and more altered cognitive profile.It was also associated with younger age of parkinsonism onset in PSP-RS phenotype(p=0.026). Conclusion This study demonstrated the wide phenotypic spectrum of PSP among Tunisians.Later disease onset and akinetic-rigid and levodopa resistant parkinsonism were the hallmarks of PSP-RS phenotype,while milder cognitive impairment was characteristic of PSP-subcortical subgroup.APOEε4 allele was associated to earlier parkinsonism and oculomotor dysfunction and seemed to play a role in defining a more altered cognitive profile in PSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nasri
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Neji
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Gharbi
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Abida
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Mrabet
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Gargouri
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Djebara
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kacem
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Gouider
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des orangers Manouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
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Hendricks BK, Scherschinski L, Jubran JH, Karahalios K, Hickman MD, VanBrabant D, Lawton MT. A taxonomy for superficial cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of cortical and subcortical lesions. J Neurosurg 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38241688 DOI: 10.3171/2023.9.jns231939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A taxonomy for superficial cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs), those based cortically in gyral gray matter or subcortically in underlying white matter, is proposed to build on the comprehensive, systematic characterization of CMs in the entire brain. METHODS Patients with superficial cerebral CMs were retrospectively analyzed from a consecutive surgical series between November 2008 and June 2021 at the authors' center. Superficial cerebral CMs were categorized into 4 subtypes based on their cortical location or, if subcortical, proximity to the nearest cerebral surface: convexity, medial, basal, and sylvian. Lobar location was also included for subtyping: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital. RESULTS A total of 362 CMs were resected in 346 patients. CM subtypes were as follows: 132 (36.5%) convexity, 78 (21.5%) medial, 72 (19.9%) basal, and 80 (22.1%) sylvian. Frontal CMs were most common (155 [42.8%]), followed by parietal (89 [24.6%]), temporal (87 [24.0%]), and occipital (31 [8.6%]). Of all CMs, 302 (83.4%) were cortical and 60 (16.6%) were subcortical. The mean subcortical depth of deep lesions was 2.97 cm, and the mean lesion volume was 4.68 cm3. Overall, 228 lesions (63.0%) were resected through a transgyral approach, and 134 (37.0%) were resected through a transsulcal approach. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤ 2) were observed in 314 patients (86.7%) and poor outcomes (mRS score > 2) in 25 patients (6.9%), and 23 patients (6.4%) were lost to late follow-up (mean follow-up duration 11.5 months). Relative outcomes were good (unchanged or improved mRS score) in 327 patients (90.3%) and poor (worse or died) in 35 patients (9.7%). CONCLUSIONS Superficial cerebral CMs were resected through a gyrus or sulcus to open the subarachnoid dissection corridors, traversing the full extent of sulci to deepen the approach and minimize tissue transgression. Transgyral dissection avoids associated arteries but is inherently transgressive, whereas transsulcal dissection preserves cortical tissue and may reduce morbidity. Superficial cerebral CMs occupy the largest territory of the 7 types, and the size and surface complexity of the cerebrum make taxonomic subtyping valuable for clear anatomical description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Hendricks
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Jubran H Jubran
- 2University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Katherine Karahalios
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Michael D Hickman
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Danielle VanBrabant
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Michael T Lawton
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
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Prabhakar G, Wait T, Kolar A, Maldonado Y, Chaput C. The articular surface technique for lumbar pedicle screw placement: a 3D feasibility study. J Spine Surg 2023; 9:434-443. [PMID: 38196725 PMCID: PMC10772663 DOI: 10.21037/jss-23-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Traditional pedicle screws (TPSs) and cortical based trajectory pedicle screws each apply stability with fusions of the lumbar spine and have shown good success. However, the technical considerations of each technique imply complications of loosening and failure that either technique is uniquely prone to having. The current study proposes a new pedicle screw technique through the articular surface of the vertebral superior facet. It is hypothesized that this path will allow utilization of a larger screw that rivals that of the TPS technique, while also maintaining the high-density bone encountered in the cortical based trajectory technique. Methods Retrospective review of 50 consecutive trauma patients that underwent lumbar computed tomography (CT) scans at a Level 1 Trauma Center in the age range 18-45. These scans were uploaded to Brainlab software for ideal starting point and trajectory mapping of pedicle screws coursing through each superior facet and pedicle of vertebral levels L1-S1 without cortical breach. Satisfactory pedicle screw variables consisted of a medial angle <10 degrees, screw length at least 30 mm, screw width at least 5.0 mm, and starting point measurements such as distance to the inferior articular surface and distance to the lateral articular surface. Results A total of 600 virtual pedicle screws were placed, in which 525 were satisfactory and measured with the above variables. The pedicle widths were shown to significantly widen with lower-level vertebra in the lumbar spine. Approximately 72% of unsuccessful pedicle screws were placed in levels L1 and L2 allowing wider pedicle screws to be placed more further down the vertebral column. Conclusions The articular surface technique (AST) for pedicle screw placement is a viable alternative in lumbar spinal fusions that offers decreased soft tissue dissection. However, the technique is likely better suited for lower lumbar fusions in L3 to S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Prabhakar
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Trevor Wait
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Kolar
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yolanda Maldonado
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chaput
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Işın UU, Çakmakçı E, Buluş AD, Yaşartekin Y, Ünal Ö, Dirican O, Husseini AA. Sonographic cortical bone thickness measurement: can it predict bone mineral density in the pediatric population? Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 0:0-0. [PMID: 38044613 DOI: 10.4274/dir.2023.232392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore sonographic cortical bone thickness (CoT) as a potential indicator of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for screening and diagnosing pediatric osteoporosis. METHODS A prospective study included 41 osteopenic or osteoporotic patients and 52 healthy children. Radius cortical thickness (R-CoT), tibial cortical thickness (T-CoT), and second metatarsal cortical thickness (M-CoT) were measured by B-mode ultrasound; CoT values were compared between groups and the correlation between BMD and CoT was examined. RESULTS There were no significant differences in R-CoT (P = 0.433), T-CoT (P = 0.057), and M-CoT (P = 0.978) values between the patient and control groups. No significant correlations were found between BMD T-scores and R-CoT (r = -0.073, P = 0.490), T-CoT (r = -0.154, P = 0.141), and M-CoT (r = 0.047, P = 0.657) values. CONCLUSION Sonographic CoT values in children do not correlate with BMD values. Unlike in adults, sonographic CoT measurements do not appear to have a role in assessing BMD in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Ufuk Işın
- Clinic of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Çakmakçı
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Derya Buluş
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Yaşartekin
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öznur Ünal
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Dirican
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, İstanbul Gelişim University, Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Ali Husseini
- Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Center, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Waxman EA, Dungan LV, DeFlitch LM, Merchant JP, Gagne AL, Goldberg EM, French DL. Reproducible Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Two-Dimensional Cortical Neuron Cultures with Checkpoints for Success. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e948. [PMID: 38148714 PMCID: PMC10753927 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of excitatory cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a desired technique for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders, as neurons can be created and compared from control hPSC lines, hPSC lines generated from patients, and CRISPR-modified hPSC lines. Therefore, this technique allows for the examination of disease phenotypes and assists in the development of potential new therapeutics for neurodevelopmental disorders. Many protocols, however, are optimized for use with specific hPSC lines or within a single laboratory, and they often provide insufficient guidance on how to identify positive stages in the differentiation or how to troubleshoot. Here, we present an efficient and reproducible directed differentiation protocol to generate two-dimensional cultures of hPSC-derived excitatory cortical neurons without intermediary embryoid body formation. This novel protocol is supported by our data generated with five independent hPSC lines and in two independent laboratories. Importantly, as neuronal differentiations follow a long time course to reach maturity, we provide extensive guidance regarding morphological and flow cytometry checkpoints allowing for early indications of successful differentiation. We also include extensive troubleshooting tips and support protocols to assist the operator. The goal of this protocol is to assist others in the successful differentiation of excitatory cortical neurons from hPSCs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Directed differentiation of hPSCs into excitatory cortical neurons Support Protocol 1: Harvesting and fixing cells for flow cytometry analyses Support Protocol 2: Performing flow cytometry analyses Support Protocol 3: Thawing NPCs from a cryopreserved stock Alternate Protocol 1: Continuing Expansion of NPCs Alternate Protocol 2: Treatment of neurons with Ara-C to ablate radial glia Support Protocol 4: Experimental methods for validation of excitatory cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A. Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Epilepsy and NeuroDevelopmental Disorders (ENDD), The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lea V. Dungan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Epilepsy and NeuroDevelopmental Disorders (ENDD), The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah M. DeFlitch
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie P. Merchant
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa L. Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ethan M. Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Epilepsy and NeuroDevelopmental Disorders (ENDD), The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lamminmäki S, Cormier K, Davidson H, Grigsby J, Sharma A. Auditory Cortex Maturation and Language Development in Children with Hearing Loss and Additional Disabilities. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1813. [PMID: 38002904 PMCID: PMC10670362 DOI: 10.3390/children10111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of hearing-impaired children have additional disabilities, but data about the maturation of their auditory cortex are scarce. In these children, behavioral tests are often unreliable, and objective tests are needed for diagnostics and follow-up. This study aimed to explore auditory cortical maturation and language development, and the usability of an objective electroencephalogram-based biomarker in children with multiple disabilities. In 65 hearing aid and cochlear implant users (36 females; 36 with multiple disabilities; 44.3 ± 18.5 months of age, mean ± SD), auditory processing was examined using the P1 cortical auditory evoked response biomarker, and language development with the Preschool Language Scales 5th edition (PLS-5). During the study, all of the children received intensive extra language therapy for six months. No significant differences were found between the groups in P1 latency development, the proportion of abnormal P1 latencies, or the number of children whose P1 latencies changed from abnormal to normal during the study. The PLS-5 total language scores, auditory comprehension scores, or expressive communication scores did not differ between groups either. The P1 latencies showed meaningful negative correlations with the language scores. The results suggest that auditory cortex development is similar in hearing-impaired children with/without additional disabilities, and the P1 biomarker is a feasible tool to evaluate central auditory maturation in children with multiple disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Lamminmäki
- Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 2501 Kittredge Loop Dr. UCB 409, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kayla Cormier
- Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 2501 Kittredge Loop Dr. UCB 409, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hanna Davidson
- Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 2501 Kittredge Loop Dr. UCB 409, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jim Grigsby
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Anu Sharma
- Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 2501 Kittredge Loop Dr. UCB 409, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Berger JI, Gander PE, Kim S, Schwalje AT, Woo J, Na YM, Holmes A, Hong JM, Dunn CC, Hansen MR, Gantz BJ, McMurray B, Griffiths TD, Choi I. Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Speech-in-Noise Performance in a Large Cohort of Cochlear Implant Users. Ear Hear 2023; 44:1107-1120. [PMID: 37144890 PMCID: PMC10426791 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding speech-in-noise (SiN) is a complex task that recruits multiple cortical subsystems. Individuals vary in their ability to understand SiN. This cannot be explained by simple peripheral hearing profiles, but recent work by our group ( Kim et al. 2021 , Neuroimage ) highlighted central neural factors underlying the variance in SiN ability in normal hearing (NH) subjects. The present study examined neural predictors of SiN ability in a large cohort of cochlear-implant (CI) users. DESIGN We recorded electroencephalography in 114 postlingually deafened CI users while they completed the California consonant test: a word-in-noise task. In many subjects, data were also collected on two other commonly used clinical measures of speech perception: a word-in-quiet task (consonant-nucleus-consonant) word and a sentence-in-noise task (AzBio sentences). Neural activity was assessed at a vertex electrode (Cz), which could help maximize eventual generalizability to clinical situations. The N1-P2 complex of event-related potentials (ERPs) at this location were included in multiple linear regression analyses, along with several other demographic and hearing factors as predictors of SiN performance. RESULTS In general, there was a good agreement between the scores on the three speech perception tasks. ERP amplitudes did not predict AzBio performance, which was predicted by the duration of device use, low-frequency hearing thresholds, and age. However, ERP amplitudes were strong predictors for performance for both word recognition tasks: the California consonant test (which was conducted simultaneously with electroencephalography recording) and the consonant-nucleus-consonant (conducted offline). These correlations held even after accounting for known predictors of performance including residual low-frequency hearing thresholds. In CI-users, better performance was predicted by an increased cortical response to the target word, in contrast to previous reports in normal-hearing subjects in whom speech perception ability was accounted for by the ability to suppress noise. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a neurophysiological correlate of SiN performance, thereby revealing a richer profile of an individual's hearing performance than shown by psychoacoustic measures alone. These results also highlight important differences between sentence and word recognition measures of performance and suggest that individual differences in these measures may be underwritten by different mechanisms. Finally, the contrast with prior reports of NH listeners in the same task suggests CI-users performance may be explained by a different weighting of neural processes than NH listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel I. Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Phillip E. Gander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Subong Kim
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Adam T. Schwalje
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jihwan Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Young-min Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ann Holmes
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jean M. Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Camille C. Dunn
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bruce J. Gantz
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bob McMurray
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Timothy D. Griffiths
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Inyong Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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11
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Löffler MT, Wu PH, Kazakia GJ. MR-based techniques for intra cortical vessel visualization and characterization: understanding the impact of microvascular disease on skeletal health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2023; 30:192-199. [PMID: 37335282 PMCID: PMC10461604 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationships between bone vasculature and bone microstructure and strength remain incompletely understood. Addressing this gap will require in vivo imaging capabilities. We describe the relevant vascular anatomy of compact bone, review current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques that allow in vivo assessment of intracortical vasculature, and finally present preliminary studies that apply these techniques to investigate changes in intracortical vessels in aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Ultra-short echo time MRI (UTE MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and susceptibility-weighted MRI techniques are able to probe intracortical vasculature. Applied to patients with type 2 diabetes, DCE-MRI was able to find significantly larger intracortical vessels compared to nondiabetic controls. Using the same technique, a significantly larger number of smaller vessels was observed in patients with microvascular disease compared to those without. Preliminary data on perfusion MRI showed decreased cortical perfusion with age. SUMMARY Development of in vivo techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization will enable the exploration of interactions between the vascular and skeletal systems, and further our understanding of drivers of cortical pore expansion. As we investigate potential pathways of cortical pore expansion, appropriate treatment and prevention strategies will be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian T. Löffler
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, Tel: (415) 514-9655
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Po-Hung Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, Tel: (415) 514-9655
| | - Galateia J. Kazakia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, Tel: (415) 514-9655
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12
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Janssen JN, Kalev-Altman R, Shalit T, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. Differential gene expression in the calvarial and cortical bone of juvenile female mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127536. [PMID: 37378024 PMCID: PMC10291685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the calvarial and the cortical bones develop through intramembranous ossification, yet they have very different structures and functions. The calvaria enables the rapid while protected growth of the brain, whereas the cortical bone takes part in locomotion. Both types of bones undergo extensive modeling during embryonic and post-natal growth, while bone remodeling is the most dominant process in adults. Their shared formation mechanism and their highly distinct functions raise the fundamental question of how similar or diverse the molecular pathways that act in each bone type are. Methods To answer this question, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of calvaria and cortices from 21-day old mice by bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Results The results revealed clear differences in expression levels of genes related to bone pathologies, craniosynostosis, mechanical loading and bone-relevant signaling pathways like WNT and IHH, emphasizing the functional differences between these bones. We further discussed the less expected candidate genes and gene sets in the context of bone. Finally, we compared differences between juvenile and mature bone, highlighting commonalities and dissimilarities of gene expression between calvaria and cortices during post-natal bone growth and adult bone remodeling. Discussion Altogether, this study revealed significant differences between the transcriptome of calvaria and cortical bones in juvenile female mice, highlighting the most important pathway mediators for the development and function of two different bone types that originate both through intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nicolas Janssen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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13
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Manandhar S, Song H, Moshage SG, Craggette J, Polk JD, Kersh ME. Spatial Variation in Young Ovine Cortical Bone Properties. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:1155846. [PMID: 36594645 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant effort continues to be made to understand whether differences exist in the structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of cortical bone subjected to different strain modes or magnitudes. We evaluated juvenile sheep femora (age = 4 months) from the anterior and posterior quadrants at three points along the diaphysis as a model system for variability in loading. Micro-CT scans (50 micron) were used to measure cortical thickness and mineral density. Three point bending tests were performed to measure the flexural modulus, strength, and post-yield displacement. There was no difference in cortical thickness or density between anterior or posterior quadrants; however, density was consistently higher in the middle diaphysis. Interestingly, bending modulus and strength were higher in anterior quadrants compared to posterior quadrants. Together, our results suggest that there is a differential spatial response of bone in terms of elastic bending modulus and mechanical strength. The origins of this difference may lie within the variation in ongoing mineralization, in combination with the collagen-rich plexiform structure, and whether this is related to strain mode remains to be explored. These data suggest that in young ovine cortical bone, modulation of strength occurs via potentially complex interactions of both mineral and collagen-components that may be different in regions of bone exposed to variable amounts of strain. Further work is needed to confirm the physiological load state of bone during growth to better elucidate the degree to which these variations are a function of the local mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Manandhar
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hyunggwi Song
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sara G Moshage
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joshua Craggette
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - John D Polk
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Program in Human Biology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Sahbani K, Pan J, Zaidi M, Cardozo CP, Bauman WA, Tawfeek HA. Abaloparatide prevents immobilization-induced cortical but not trabecular bone loss after spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22984. [PMID: 37219516 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300109rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe and resistant sublesional disuse bone loss. Abaloparatide, a modified parathyroid hormone related peptide, is an FDA approved drug for treatment of severe osteoporosis with potent anabolic activity. The effects of abaloparatide on SCI-induced bone loss remain undefined. Thus, female mice underwent sham or severe contusion thoracic SCI causing hindlimb paralysis. Mice then received subcutaneous injection of vehicle or 20 μg/kg/day abaloparatide for 35 days. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of the distal and midshaft femoral regions of the SCI-vehicle mice revealed reduced trabecular fractional bone volume (56%), thickness (75%), and cortical thickness (80%) compared to sham-vehicle controls. Treatment with abaloparatide did not prevent SCI-induced changes in trabecular or cortical bone. However, histomorphometry evaluation of the SCI-abaloparatide mice demonstrated that abaloparatide treatment increased osteoblast (241%) and osteoclast (247%) numbers and the mineral apposition rate (131%) compared to SCI-vehicle animals. In another independent experiment, treatment with 80 μg/kg/day abaloparatide significantly attenuated SCI-induced loss in cortical bone thickness (93%) when compared to SCI-vehicle mice (79%) but did not prevent SCI-induced trabecular bone loss or elevation in cortical porosity. Biochemical analysis of the bone marrow supernatants of the femurs showed that SCI-abaloparatide animals had 2.3-fold increase in procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, a bone formation marker than SCI-vehicle animals. SCI groups had 70% higher levels of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker, than sham-vehicle mice. These findings suggest that abaloparatide protects the cortical bone against the deleterious effects of SCI by promoting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sahbani
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jiangping Pan
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Departments of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Pharmacologic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Pharmacologic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Rehabilitation Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hesham A Tawfeek
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Sin MK, Cheng Y, Roseman JM, Zamrini E, Ahmed A. Relationships between Cerebral Vasculopathies and Microinfarcts in a Community-Based Cohort of Older Adults. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3807. [PMID: 37298002 PMCID: PMC10253407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microinfarcts are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Small vessel diseases such as cerebral arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiography (CAA) have been found to be associated with microinfarcts. Less is known about the associations of these vasculopathies with the presence, numbers, and location of microinfarcts. These associations were examined in the clinical and autopsy data of 842 participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. Both vasculopathies were categorized by severity (none, mild, moderate, and severe) and region (cortical and subcortical). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs for microinfarcts associated with arteriolosclerosis and CAA adjusted for possible modifying covariates such as age at death, sex, blood pressure, APOE genotype, Braak, and CERAD were estimated. 417 (49.5%) had microinfarcts (cortical, 301; subcortical, 249), 708 (84.1%) had cerebral arteriolosclerosis, 320 (38%) had CAA, and 284 (34%) had both. Ors (95% CI) for any microinfarct were 2.16 (1.46-3.18) and 4.63 (2.90-7.40) for those with moderate (n = 183) and severe (n = 124) arteriolosclerosis, respectively. Respective Ors (95% CI) for the number of microinfarcts were 2.25 (1.54-3.30) and 4.91 (3.18-7.60). Similar associations were observed for cortical and subcortical microinfarcts. Ors (95% Cis) for the number of microinfarcts associated with mild (n = 75), moderate (n = 73), and severe (n = 15) amyloid angiopathy were 0.95 (0.66-1.35), 1.04 (0.71-1.52), and 2.05 (0.94-4.45), respectively. Respective Ors (95% Cis) for cortical microinfarcts were 1.05 (0.71-1.56), 1.50 (0.99-2.27), and 1.69 (0.73-3.91). Respective Ors (95% Cis) for subcortical microinfarcts were 0.84 (0.55-1.28), 0.72 (0.46-1.14), and 0.92 (0.37-2.28). These findings suggest a significant association of cerebral arteriolosclerosis with the presence, number, and location (cortical and subcortical) of microinfarcts, and a weak and non-significant association of CAA with each microinfarct, highlighting the need for future research to better understand the role of small vessel diseases in the pathogenesis of cerebral microinfarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Kyung Sin
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (Y.C.); (E.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Roseman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Edward Zamrini
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (Y.C.); (E.Z.); (A.A.)
- Division of Neurology, Irvine Clinical Research, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
- Health and Aging, VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (Y.C.); (E.Z.); (A.A.)
- Health and Aging, VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20060, USA
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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16
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Wróbel PP, Guder S, Feldheim JF, Graterol Pérez JA, Frey BM, Choe CU, Bönstrup M, Cheng B, Rathi Y, Pasternak O, Thomalla G, Gerloff C, Shenton ME, Schulz R. Altered microstructure of the contralesional ventral premotor cortex and motor output after stroke. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad160. [PMID: 37265601 PMCID: PMC10231803 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical thickness analyses have provided valuable insights into changes in cortical brain structure after stroke and their association with recovery. Across studies though, relationships between cortical structure and function show inconsistent results. Recent developments in diffusion-weighted imaging of the cortex have paved the way to uncover hidden aspects of stroke-related alterations in cortical microstructure, going beyond cortical thickness as a surrogate for cortical macrostructure. We re-analysed clinical and imaging data of 42 well-recovered chronic stroke patients from 2 independent cohorts (mean age 64 years, 4 left-handed, 71% male, 16 right-sided strokes) and 33 healthy controls of similar age and gender. Cortical fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness values were obtained for six key sensorimotor areas of the contralesional hemisphere. The regions included the primary motor cortex, dorsal and ventral premotor cortex, supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, and primary somatosensory cortex. Linear models were estimated for group comparisons between patients and controls and for correlations between cortical fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness and clinical scores. Compared with controls, stroke patients exhibited a reduction in fractional anisotropy in the contralesional ventral premotor cortex (P = 0.005). Fractional anisotropy of the other regions and cortical thickness did not show a comparable group difference. Higher fractional anisotropy of the ventral premotor cortex, but not cortical thickness, was positively associated with residual grip force in the stroke patients. These data provide novel evidence that the contralesional ventral premotor cortex might constitute a key sensorimotor area particularly susceptible to stroke-related alterations in cortical microstructure as measured by diffusion MRI and they suggest a link between these changes and residual motor output after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł P Wróbel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Stephanie Guder
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Jan F Feldheim
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - José A Graterol Pérez
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Benedikt M Frey
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Marlene Bönstrup
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
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17
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Borzuola R, Quinzi F, Scalia M, Pitzalis S, Di Russo F, Macaluso A. Acute effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cortical dynamics and reflex activation. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1310-1321. [PMID: 37162183 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00085.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on voluntary muscle contractions has shown the potential to improve motor performance even more than voluntary exercise alone. Nevertheless, the neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this technique are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute responses in spinal excitability, and brain activity following three conditions: NMES superimposed on isometric contractions (NMES+ISO), passive NMES, and voluntary isometric contractions (ISO). Each condition involved fifteen intermittent ankle plantar-flexions at submaximal level. Before and after each condition, tibial nerve stimulation was used to elicit H-reflexes, which represent a measure of spinal excitability, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), which index the activity of subcortical and cortical somatosensory areas. H-reflex amplitudes increased following NMES+ISO and decreased following passive NMES compared to baseline values. Subcortical lemniscal activity remained unaltered after the conditions. Activity in both primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1 and S2) increased after the NMES+ISO and decreased after the ISO condition. At later stages of S2 processing, cortical activity increased also after NMES, however the NMES+ISO effect was greater than that produced by NMES alone. These findings indicate that the beneficial effects of the NMES may be mediated by potentiation of the reflex pathways at the spinal level. At the brain level, peripheral input representation in the brainstem was not influenced by the experimental conditions which, conversely, altered cortical activity by affecting the synaptic efficiency through the somatosensory pathway. While the ISO effect was suppressive, the NMES was excitatory, especially if combined with voluntary contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Borzuola
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Scalia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Hernández-Román J, Montero-Hernández S, Vega R, Orihuela-Espina F, Soto E. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Activates the Parietal and Temporal Cortex in Humans: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study. Eur J Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37165756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) helps stabilize subjects when balance and posture are compromised. This work aimed to define the cortical regions that GVS activates in normal subjects. We used Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to test the hypothesis that GVS activates similar cortical areas as a passive movement. We used transcranial current stimulation (cathode in the right mastoid process and anode in the FPz frontopolar point) of bipolar direct current (2 mA), false GVS (sham), vibration (neutral stimulus), and back and forth motion (positive control of vestibular movement) in 18 clinically healthy volunteers. Seventy-two brain scans were performed, applying a crossover-type experimental design. We measured the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, head capacitance, and resistance before and after the experiment. The hemodynamic changes of the cerebral cortex were recorded with an arrangement of 26 channels in four regions to perform an ROI-level analysis. The back-and-forth motion produced the most significant oxygenated Hemoglobin (HbO2 ) increase. The response was similar for the GVS stimulus on the anterior and posterior parietal and right temporal regions. Sham and vibrational conditions did not produce significant changes ROI-wise. The results indicate that GVS produces a cortical activation coherent with displacement percept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosario Vega
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Felipe Orihuela-Espina
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico
- University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrique Soto
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
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19
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Schijven D, Postema MC, Fukunaga M, Matsumoto J, Miura K, de Zwarte SMC, van Haren NEM, Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS, Ayesa-Arriola R, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Crespo-Facorro B, Alnæs D, Dahl A, Westlye LT, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Jönsson EG, Kochunov P, Bruggemann JM, Catts SV, Michie PT, Mowry BJ, Quidé Y, Rasser PE, Schall U, Scott RJ, Carr VJ, Green MJ, Henskens FA, Loughland CM, Pantelis C, Weickert CS, Weickert TW, de Haan L, Brosch K, Pfarr JK, Ringwald KG, Stein F, Jansen A, Kircher TTJ, Nenadić I, Krämer B, Gruber O, Satterthwaite TD, Bustillo J, Mathalon DH, Preda A, Calhoun VD, Ford JM, Potkin SG, Chen J, Tan Y, Wang Z, Xiang H, Fan F, Bernardoni F, Ehrlich S, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Garcia-Leon MA, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Salvador R, Sarró S, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ciullo V, Piras F, Vecchio D, Banaj N, Spalletta G, Michielse S, van Amelsvoort T, Dickie EW, Voineskos AN, Sim K, Ciufolini S, Dazzan P, Murray RM, Kim WS, Chung YC, Andreou C, Schmidt A, Borgwardt S, McIntosh AM, Whalley HC, Lawrie SM, du Plessis S, Luckhoff HK, Scheffler F, Emsley R, Grotegerd D, Lencer R, Dannlowski U, Edmond JT, Rootes-Murdy K, Stephen JM, Mayer AR, Antonucci LA, Fazio L, Pergola G, Bertolino A, Díaz-Caneja CM, Janssen J, Lois NG, Arango C, Tomyshev AS, Lebedeva I, Cervenka S, Sellgren CM, Georgiadis F, Kirschner M, Kaiser S, Hajek T, Skoch A, Spaniel F, Kim M, Kwak YB, Oh S, Kwon JS, James A, Bakker G, Knöchel C, Stäblein M, Oertel V, Uhlmann A, Howells FM, Stein DJ, Temmingh HS, Diaz-Zuluaga AM, Pineda-Zapata JA, López-Jaramillo C, Homan S, Ji E, Surbeck W, Homan P, Fisher SE, Franke B, Glahn DC, Gur RC, Hashimoto R, Jahanshad N, Luders E, Medland SE, Thompson PM, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Francks C. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213880120. [PMID: 36976765 PMCID: PMC10083554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213880120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Schijven
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Merel C. Postema
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
- The Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY10468
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander39008, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander39011, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander39011, Spain
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Department of Radiology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander39011, Spain
- Advanced Computing and e-Science, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Santander39005, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander39008, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla41013, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo0373, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo0456, Norway
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo0373, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0372, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo0373, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm113 64, Sweden
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0372, Norway
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0450, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm113 64, Sweden
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Jason M. Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
- Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol, Drugs & Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Sydney2050, Australia
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney2006, Australia
| | - Stanley V. Catts
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane4006, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
| | - Bryan J. Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane4072, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane4076, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle2305, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
| | - Frans A. Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
- PRC for Health Behaviour, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle2305, Australia
| | - Carmel M. Loughland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle2305, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne3053, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Thomas W. Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney2033, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney2031, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Early Psychosis Department, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), Amsterdam1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam1033 NN, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Kai G. Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Department of General Psychiatry, Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg69115, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of General Psychiatry, Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg69115, Germany
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87106
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA94121
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA30303
| | - Judith M. Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA94121
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Long Beach VA Health Care System, Long Beach, CA90822
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing100096, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing100096, P.R. China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing100096, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing404188, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing100096, P.R. China
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden01307, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden01307, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden01307, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden01307, Germany
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (Ciber del Área de Salud Mental), Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Garcia-Leon
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (Ciber del Área de Salud Mental), Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona08830, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (Ciber del Área de Salud Mental), Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (Ciber del Área de Salud Mental), Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona08035, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (Ciber del Área de Salud Mental), Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, TorontoM5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, TorontoM5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, TorontoM5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, TorontoM5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore539747, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore119228, Singapore
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken), University of Basel, Basel4002, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck23562, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken), University of Basel, Basel4002, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken), University of Basel, Basel4002, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck23562, Germany
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7505, South Africa
- Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town7505, South Africa
| | - Hilmar K. Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7505, South Africa
| | - Freda Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7505, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7505, South Africa
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck23562, Germany
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | - Jesse T. Edmond
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303
| | | | | | - Linda A. Antonucci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari70121, Italy
- Psychiatry Unit, Bari University Hospital, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
| | - Noemi G. Lois
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- Ciber del Área de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid28009, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Alexander S. Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow115522, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow115522, Russian Federation
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm113 64, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 85, Sweden
| | - Carl M. Sellgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm113 64, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm171 65, Sweden
| | - Foivos Georgiadis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, MontrealH3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Adult Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva1202, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Hajek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany250 67, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, HalifaxB3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany250 67, Czech Republic
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague140 21, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Kwak
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony James
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60528, Germany
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60528, Germany
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main60528, Germany
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01187, Germany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7505, South Africa
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7935, South Africa
| | - Ana M. Diaz-Zuluaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín050010, Colombia
| | - Julian A. Pineda-Zapata
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín050010, Colombia
| | - Stephanie Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
- Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich8050, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Werner Surbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich8008, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY11030
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY11004
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, New York, NY11549
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT06102
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland1010, New Zealand
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala752 37, Sweden
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane4006, Australia
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA30303
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen6525 GA, The Netherlands
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20
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Li Z, Jiang C, Gao Q, Xiang W, Qi Z, Peng K, Lin J, Wang W, Deng B, Wang W. The relationship between the interictal epileptiform discharge source connectivity and cortical structural couplings in temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1029732. [PMID: 36846133 PMCID: PMC9948620 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1029732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to explore the relation between interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) source connectivity and cortical structural couplings (SCs) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods High-resolution 3D-MRI and 32-sensor EEG data from 59 patients with TLE were collected. Principal component analysis was performed on the morphological data on MRI to obtain the cortical SCs. IEDs were labeled from EEG data and averaged. The standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis was performed to locate the source of the average IEDs. Phase-locked value was used to evaluate the IED source connectivity. Finally, correlation analysis was used to compare the IED source connectivity and the cortical SCs. Results The features of the cortical morphology in left and right TLE were similar across four cortical SCs, which could be mainly described as the default mode network, limbic regions, connections bilateral medial temporal, and connections through the ipsilateral insula. The IED source connectivity at the regions of interest was negatively correlated with the corresponding cortical SCs. Significance The cortical SCs were confirmed to be negatively related to IED source connectivity in patients with TLE as detected with MRI and EEG coregistered data. These findings suggest the important role of intervening IEDs in treating TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Che Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quwen Gao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kairun Peng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingmei Deng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China,Bingmei Deng ✉
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weimin Wang ✉
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21
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Zhang P, Zhou L, Chen L, Zhang Z, Han R, Guo G, Zhou H. Electroencephalography Signatures for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis Patients Treated with Proton Pump Inhibitors: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123040. [PMID: 36551796 PMCID: PMC9776374 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication in cirrhosis patients, and recently, clinical evidence indicates that a higher risk of HE is associated with the usage of proton pump inhibitors. However, the cortical mechanism underlying this neurological disorder of HE remains unknown. (2) Methods: We review the medical recordings of 260 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis between January 2021 and March 2022 in one tertiary hospital. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factor of HE development. To examine the relationship between cortical dynamics and the administration of proton pump inhibitors, resting-state electroencephalograms (EEGs) were conducted in cirrhosis patients who were treated with proton pump inhibitors. (3) Results: About 28.5% (74 out of 260) of participants developed secondary HE in this study. The logistics regression model indicated that multiple risk factors were associated with the incidence of secondary HE, including proton pump inhibitors usage, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, hemoglobin, prothrombin time activity, and blood urea nitrogen. A total of twelve cirrhosis patients who were scheduled to use proton pump inhibitors consented to performing electroencephalogram recordings upon admission, and eight of twelve participants were diagnosed with HE. Spectral analysis revealed that the decrease in alpha oscillation activities was potentially associated with the development of HE. (4) Conclusions: Our data support the susceptibility of secondary HE in cirrhosis patients treated by proton pump inhibitors. One potential cortical mechanism underlying the neurological disease is the suppression of alpha oscillations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lizhi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pain, Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pain, Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Pain, Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Gangwen Guo
- Department of Pain, Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haocheng Zhou
- Department of Pain, Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (H.Z.)
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22
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Borges FS, Moreira JVS, Takarabe LM, Lytton WW, Dura-Bernal S. Large-scale biophysically detailed model of somatosensory thalamo cortical circuits in NetPyNE. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:884245. [PMID: 36213546 PMCID: PMC9536213 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.884245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of mammals is critically important in the perception of touch and related sensorimotor behaviors. In 2015, the Blue Brain Project (BBP) developed a groundbreaking rat S1 microcircuit simulation with over 31,000 neurons with 207 morpho-electrical neuron types, and 37 million synapses, incorporating anatomical and physiological information from a wide range of experimental studies. We have implemented this highly detailed and complex S1 model in NetPyNE, using the data available in the Neocortical Microcircuit Collaboration Portal. NetPyNE provides a Python high-level interface to NEURON and allows defining complicated multiscale models using an intuitive declarative standardized language. It also facilitates running parallel simulations, automates the optimization and exploration of parameters using supercomputers, and provides a wide range of built-in analysis functions. This will make the S1 model more accessible and simpler to scale, modify and extend in order to explore research questions or interconnect to other existing models. Despite some implementation differences, the NetPyNE model preserved the original cell morphologies, electrophysiological responses and spatial distribution for all 207 cell types; and the connectivity properties of all 1941 pathways, including synaptic dynamics and short-term plasticity (STP). The NetPyNE S1 simulations produced reasonable physiological firing rates and activity patterns across all populations. When STP was included, the network generated a 1 Hz oscillation comparable to the original model in vitro-like state. By then reducing the extracellular calcium concentration, the model reproduced the original S1 in vivo-like states with asynchronous activity. These results validate the original study using a new modeling tool. Simulated local field potentials (LFPs) exhibited realistic oscillatory patterns and features, including distance- and frequency-dependent attenuation. The model was extended by adding thalamic circuits, including 6 distinct thalamic populations with intrathalamic, thalamocortical (TC) and corticothalamic connectivity derived from experimental data. The thalamic model reproduced single known cell and circuit-level dynamics, including burst and tonic firing modes and oscillatory patterns, providing a more realistic input to cortex and enabling study of TC interactions. Overall, our work provides a widely accessible, data-driven and biophysically-detailed model of the somatosensory TC circuits that can be employed as a community tool for researchers to study neural dynamics, function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S. Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao V. S. Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Lavinia M. Takarabe
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William W. Lytton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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23
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Ribeiro A, Gabriel R, Garcia B, Cuccio C, Aqeel W, Moreno A, Landeen C, Hurley A, Kavey N, Pfaff D. Temporal relations between peripheral and central arousals in good and poor sleepers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201143119. [PMID: 35696573 PMCID: PMC9231500 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201143119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleepers and patients with insomnia symptoms (poor sleepers) were tracked with two measures of arousal; conventional polysomnography (PSG) for electroencephalogram (EEG) assessed cortical arousals, and a peripheral arterial tonometry device was used for the detection of peripheral nervous system (PNS) arousals associated with vasoconstrictions. The relationship between central (cortical) and peripheral (autonomic) arousals was examined by evaluating their close temporal dynamics. Cortical arousals almost invariably were preceded and followed by peripheral activations, while large peripheral autonomic arousals were followed by cortical arousals only half of the time. The temporal contiguity of these two types of arousals was altered in poor sleepers, and poor sleepers displayed a higher number of cortical and peripheral arousals compared with good sleepers. Given the difference in the number of peripheral autonomic arousals between good and poor sleepers, an evaluation of such arousals could become a means of physiologically distinguishing poor sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Rachel Gabriel
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Bernardo Garcia
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Casey Cuccio
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - William Aqeel
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Alejandro Moreno
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Colby Landeen
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, NY 10471
| | - Arlene Hurley
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Neil Kavey
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Donald Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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24
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Wilson NR, Wang FL, Chen N, Yan SX, Daitch AL, Shi B, Sharma S, Sur M. A Platform for Spatiotemporal "Matrix" Stimulation in Brain Networks Reveals Novel Forms of Circuit Plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:792228. [PMID: 35069127 PMCID: PMC8766665 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.792228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a facile method by which to deliver complex spatiotemporal stimulation to neural networks in fast patterns, to trigger interesting forms of circuit-level plasticity in cortical areas. We present a complete platform by which patterns of electricity can be arbitrarily defined and distributed across a brain circuit, either simultaneously, asynchronously, or in complex patterns that can be easily designed and orchestrated with precise timing. Interfacing with acute slices of mouse cortex, we show that our system can be used to activate neurons at many locations and drive synaptic transmission in distributed patterns, and that this elicits new forms of plasticity that may not be observable via traditional methods, including interesting measurements of associational and sequence plasticity. Finally, we introduce an automated "network assay" for imaging activation and plasticity across a circuit. Spatiotemporal stimulation opens the door for high-throughput explorations of plasticity at the circuit level, and may provide a basis for new types of adaptive neural prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Wilson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Nara Logics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Nathan R. Wilson
| | - Forea L. Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Naiyan Chen
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sherry X. Yan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amy L. Daitch
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Samvaran Sharma
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mriganka Sur
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Mriganka Sur
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Lee DY, Kim WJ, Kim B, Nho JH, Hong CH, Lee SM, Yoo ID, Lee C, Jung KJ. Differential Diagnosis between Child Abuse and Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12269. [PMID: 34832024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse is a major public health problem that can lead to critical consequences for the child and family. However, early identification of abuse may be difficult. An 8-month-old boy presented with extensive periosteal reaction in both upper and lower long bones. There was no specific history of injury. Caffey disease was initially considered as the diagnosis because the patient displayed fever and hyperostosis of multiple bones with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein and alkaline phosphatase levels. However, we suspected child abuse based on the clinical and radiological features. We eventually found out that the child had been injured through child abuse and were able to treat him. We report this case because child abuse cases may be confused with Caffey disease. This case report can, therefore, help distinguish between Caffey disease and child abuse.
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26
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Pan Y. Nutrients, Cognitive Function, and Brain Aging: What We Have Learned from Dogs. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:72. [PMID: 34842769 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a difference in genetics, environmental factors, and nutrition, just like in people, dogs age at different rates. Brain aging in people and dogs share similar morphological changes including irreversible cortical atrophy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and ventricular enlargement. Due to severe and irreversible brain atrophy, some aging dogs develop cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), which is equivalent to dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in people. The risk factors and causes of CDS in dogs have not been fully investigated, but age, gender, oxidative stress, and deficiency of sex hormones appears to be associated with increased risk of accelerated brain aging and CDS in dogs. Both AD and CDS are incurable diseases at this moment, therefore more efforts should be focused on preventing or reducing brain atrophy and minimizing the risk of AD in people and CDS in dogs. Since brain atrophy leads to irreversible cognitive decline and dementia, an optimal nutritional solution should be able to not only enhance cognitive function during aging but also reduce irreversible brain atrophy. Up to now, only one nutritional intervention has demonstrated both cognition-enhancing benefits and atrophy-reducing benefits.
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Sheikh A, Meng X, Kao JPY, Kanold PO. Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Persistent Intra cortical Circuit Changes in Layer 4 of Rat Auditory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2575-2589. [PMID: 34729599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between early brain injury and subsequent development of disorders is unknown. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) alters circuits associated with subplate neurons (SPNs). SPNs are among the first maturing cortical neurons, project to thalamorecipient layer 4 (L4), and are required for the development of thalamocortical connections. Thus, early HI might influence L4 and such influence might persist. We investigated functional circuits to L4 neurons in neonatal rat HI models of different severities (mild and moderate) shortly after injury and at adolescence. We used laser-scanning photostimulation in slices of auditory cortex during P5-10 and P18-23. Mild injuries did not initially (P6/P7) alter the convergence of excitatory inputs from L2/3, but hyperconnectivity emerged by P8-10. Inputs from L4 showed initial hypoconnectivity which resolved by P8-10. Moderate injuries resulted in initial hypoconnectivity from both layers which resolved by P8-10 and led to persistent strengthening of connections. Inhibitory inputs to L4 cells showed similar changes. Functional changes were mirrored by reduced dendritic complexity. We also observed a persistent increase in similarity of L4 circuits, suggesting that HI interferes with developmental circuit refinement and diversification. Altogether, our results show that neonatal HI injuries lead to persistent changes in intracortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Sheikh
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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28
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Schaper M, Harcus J. Preliminary image findings of lower limb stress fractures to aid ultrasonographic diagnoses: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Ultrasound 2021; 29:208-217. [PMID: 34777541 PMCID: PMC8579372 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x21995523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review investigates which image appearances are most common when diagnosing lower limb stress fractures using ultrasound imaging, with the aim of outlining an image critique guideline for operators to support confident diagnoses. METHOD A comprehensive literature search of medical databases and handsearching was undertaken to identify relevant studies. All studies were critically examined for quality using the CASP critical appraisal tool. Results from eight studies were combined and interpreted using a narrative synthesis. FINDINGS A clear outline of common stress fracture appearances using ultrasound were identified in a combined total of 119 participants. Each finding was ranked according to its popularity. Periosteal thickening (78/119) and cortical disruption/irregularity (83/119) were noted in all eight studies. Hypervascularity of the periosteum visualised by colour Doppler imaging (66/119) was reported in six of the eight studies. Soft tissue hypervascularity (13/119), bony callus formation (5/119) and cortical break (22/119) were seen in three studies. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings, we offer a guideline of the most significant preliminary image findings to be utilised by operators when examining athletes suspected of having lower limb stress fractures. The results show a gap in research for evaluating changes in appearance depending on the injury severity. Further research into distinguishing stress fractures from pathological involvement may in future reduce reliance on plain film radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Harcus
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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29
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Yan L, Nielsen FH, Sundaram S, Cao J. Voluntary running of defined distances alters bone microstructure in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1337-1344. [PMID: 34000207 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for pathological conditions such as bone loss. On the other hand, physical exercise reduces body adiposity. To test the hypothesis that physical activity improves bone quality, we evaluated voluntary running of defined distances on trabecular and cortical microstructure in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sedentary mice were fed the standard AIN93G diet or the HFD. Mice fed the HFD remained sedentary or were assigned to unrestricted running or 75%, 50%, and 25% of unrestricted running with an average running activity at 8.3, 6.3, 4.2, and 2.1 km per day, respectively. The bone structural differences found in sedentary mice were that HFD, compared with the AIN93G diet, resulted in a lower bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and a higher structure model index (SMI) in vertebrae. Running had a greater effect on trabecular microstructure in femurs than in vertebrae; the decrease in SMI and an increase in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were in dose-dependent manners. Running was positively correlated with BV/TV and Tb.Th and inversely correlated with SMI in femurs. The HFD increased plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a marker of bone resorption, in sedentary mice, while running decreased it in a dose-dependent manner. The findings show that voluntary running improves bone quality in young adult mice fed an HFD. Novelty: The high-fat diet alters bone microstructure by increasing bone resorption. Quantitative voluntary running improves bone microstructure through its attenuation of bone resorption in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Forrest H Nielsen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sneha Sundaram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Jay Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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30
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Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Wesley MJ, Latzman R, Schapiro SJ, Mareno MC, Bradley BJ, Sherwood CC, Mullholland MM, Hopkins WD. Predicting their past: Machine language learning can discriminate the brains of chimpanzees with different early-life social rearing experiences. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e13114. [PMID: 34180109 PMCID: PMC8530828 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early life experiences, including separation from caregivers, can result in substantial, persistent effects on neural, behavioral, and physiological systems as is evidenced in a long-standing literature and consistent findings across species, populations, and experimental models. In humans and other animals, differential rearing conditions can affect brain structure and function. We tested for whole brain patterns of morphological difference between 108 chimpanzees reared typically with their mothers (MR; N = 54) and those reared decades ago in a nursery with peers, human caregivers, and environmental enrichment (NR; N = 54). We applied support vector machine (SVM) learning to archival MRI images of chimpanzee brains to test whether we could, with any degree of significant probability, retrospectively classify subjects as MR and NR based on variation in gray matter within the entire brain. We could accurately discriminate MR and NR chimpanzee brains with nearly 70% accuracy. The combined brain regions discriminating the two rearing groups were widespread throughout the cortex. We believe this is the first report using machine language learning as an analytic method for discriminating nonhuman primate brains based on early rearing experiences. In this sense, the approach and findings are novel, and we hope they stimulate application of the technique to studies on neural outcomes associated with early experiences. The findings underscore the potential for infant separation from caregivers to leave a long-term mark on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J. Wesley
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Robert Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Steven J. Schapiro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Catherine Mareno
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
| | - Brenda J. Bradley
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052
| | - Michele M. Mullholland
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
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31
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Jain V, Remley W, Mohan A, Leone EL, Taneja S, Busl K, Almeida L. Nonepileptic, Stereotypical, and Intermittent Symptoms After Subdural Hematoma Evacuation. Cureus 2021; 13:e18361. [PMID: 34725611 PMCID: PMC8555749 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient neurological deficits can occur in the setting of subdural hemorrhages with subsequent unremarkable electrodiagnostic and radiological evaluation. This scenario is rare and can be difficult for physicians to interpret. These transient neurological deficits are thought to result from relative ischemia, secondary to a lesser-known concept known as cortical spreading depolarization. These transient neurological deficits are thought to result from relative ischemia, secondary to a lesser-known concept known as cortical spreading depolarization, which may present clinically as nonepileptic, stereotypical, and intermittent symptoms (NESIS). In these instances, patients are often misdiagnosed as epileptics and committed to long-term antiseizure drugs. We present a 51-year-old patient developing acute global aphasia following the evacuation of a subdural hematoma, with no significant findings on laboratory, microbiological, electrodiagnostic, or radiological evaluation. The patient experienced spontaneous improvement and returned to baseline in the subsequent weeks. Increased awareness of NESIS as a cortical spreading depolarization phenomenon can improve patient care and prevent both unnecessary, extended medical evaluations and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Jain
- Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - William Remley
- Neurology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Arvind Mohan
- Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Emma L Leone
- Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Srishti Taneja
- Neurology, Avalon University School of Medicine, Youngstown, USA
| | - Katharina Busl
- Neurocritical Care, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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32
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Di Liberto GM, Marion G, Shamma SA. Accurate Decoding of Imagined and Heard Melodies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:673401. [PMID: 34421512 PMCID: PMC8375770 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.673401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Music perception requires the human brain to process a variety of acoustic and music-related properties. Recent research used encoding models to tease apart and study the various cortical contributors to music perception. To do so, such approaches study temporal response functions that summarise the neural activity over several minutes of data. Here we tested the possibility of assessing the neural processing of individual musical units (bars) with electroencephalography (EEG). We devised a decoding methodology based on a maximum correlation metric across EEG segments (maxCorr) and used it to decode melodies from EEG based on an experiment where professional musicians listened and imagined four Bach melodies multiple times. We demonstrate here that accurate decoding of melodies in single-subjects and at the level of individual musical units is possible, both from EEG signals recorded during listening and imagination. Furthermore, we find that greater decoding accuracies are measured for the maxCorr method than for an envelope reconstruction approach based on backward temporal response functions (bTRFenv). These results indicate that low-frequency neural signals encode information beyond note timing, especially with respect to low-frequency cortical signals below 1 Hz, which are shown to encode pitch-related information. Along with the theoretical implications of these results, we discuss the potential applications of this decoding methodology in the context of novel brain-computer interface solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Di Liberto
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guilhem Marion
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Shihab A Shamma
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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33
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Man Chan Y, Wong Y, Khalid N, Wastling S, Flores-Martin A, Frank LA, Koohi N, Arshad Q, Davagnanam I, Kaski D. Prevalence of acute dizziness and vertigo in cortical stroke. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3177-3181. [PMID: 34115915 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In posterior circulation stroke, vertigo can be a presenting feature. However, whether isolated hemispheric strokes present with vertigo is less clear, despite a few single case reports in the literature. Here, (a) the prevalence of vertigo/dizziness in acute stroke is explored and (b) the cortical distribution of the lesions in relation to both the known vestibular cortex and the evolution of the symptoms, are considered. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted in 173 consecutive unselected patients admitted to the hyperacute stroke unit at the University College London Hospitals. The interview was used to evaluate whether the patient was suffering from dizziness and/or vertigo before the onset of the stroke and at the time of the stroke (acute dizziness/vertigo), and the nature of these symptoms. RESULTS In all, 53 patients had cortical infarcts, of which 21 patients reported acute dizziness. Out of these 21, five patients reported rotational vertigo. Seventeen of the total 53 patients had lesions in known vestibular cortical areas distributed within the insular and parietal opercular cortices. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of vertigo in acute cortical strokes was 9%, with no single locus of lesion overlap. There is growing evidence supporting a lateralized vestibular cortex, with speculation that cortical strokes affecting the right hemisphere are more likely to cause vestibular symptoms than left hemispheric strokes. A trend was observed for this association, with the right hemisphere affected in four of five patients who reported spinning vertigo at the onset of the stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Man Chan
- Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yean Wong
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UK
| | - Noorulain Khalid
- Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Wastling
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UK
| | - Andreas Flores-Martin
- Academic Department of Neurosciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lucy-Anne Frank
- Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nehzat Koohi
- Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,The Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Neuro-otology Department, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Qadeer Arshad
- inAmind Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Indran Davagnanam
- Brain Repair and Rehabilitation Department, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Diego Kaski
- Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,The Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Neuro-otology Department, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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34
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Chen Y, Zhong Z, Chen W, Lv X, Luo SY. Glucocorticoid-induced dose-related and site-specific bone remodelling, microstructure, and mechanical changes in cancellous and cortical bones. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1421-1429. [PMID: 34214197 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) administration on bone remodelling, microstructure, and biomechanical strength in cortical and cancellous (trabecular) bones. Thirty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three dexamethasone (Dex) dosage groups, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg twice a week for 8 weeks, and one control group treated with saline. At the end of the experiment, the tibia of one side and the fourth lumbar vertebrae were processed into sections for a histomorphometric analysis, while the femur of the same side and the fifth vertebrae were isolated for a biomechanical test. A dose-dependent decline in bone formation was observed in both trabecular and cortical (periosteal and endosteal) bones. In contrast, bone resorption was inhibited only in cancellous bone in the two higher dose groups and not dose-related. The ratio of Node/Termini increased, while marrow star volume (MSV) decreased in all Dex groups in metaphyseal trabecular bones, both of which were dose-dependent. Subendosteal cortex porosity increased in parallel with non-uniform trabecular distribution, but cortical thickness remained unchanged. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in microstructure or mechanical strength in lumbar trabecular bone. The cortical elastic load was dose-independently reduced in all three Dex groups when compared with the control group. In summary, bone remodelling was dose-dependently inhibited in cancellous bones but enhanced in intracortical bones. The non-uniform distribution of trabecular bone and increased porosity in the inner edge of cortical bone were both in parallel with GC dosage, and the porosity increase was more likely to occur, leading to reduced cortical mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenshuang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shi-Ying Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drug, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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35
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Grant RI, Doncheck EM, Vollmer KM, Winston KT, Romanova EV, Siegler PN, Holman H, Bowen CW, Otis JM. Specialized coding patterns among dorsomedial prefrontal neuronal ensembles predict conditioned reward seeking. eLife 2021; 10:65764. [PMID: 34184635 PMCID: PMC8277349 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-overlapping cell populations within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), defined by gene expression or projection target, control dissociable aspects of reward seeking through unique activity patterns. However, even within these defined cell populations, considerable cell-to-cell variability is found, suggesting that greater resolution is needed to understand information processing in dmPFC. Here, we use two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice to monitor the activity of dmPFC excitatory neurons throughout Pavlovian reward conditioning. We characterize five unique neuronal ensembles that each encodes specialized information related to a sucrose reward, reward-predictive cues, and behavioral responses to those cues. The ensembles differentially emerge across daily training sessions – and stabilize after learning – in a manner that improves the predictive validity of dmPFC activity dynamics for deciphering variables related to behavioral conditioning. Our results characterize the complex dmPFC neuronal ensemble dynamics that stably predict reward availability and initiation of conditioned reward seeking following cue-reward learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Elizaveta V Romanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Preston N Siegler
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Heather Holman
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Christopher W Bowen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
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36
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Moti BS, Oz E, Olga A, Bella G, Shifra S, Eilam P. New Cortical Neurodegenerative Pathways in the Hypertensive Rat Brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5487-5496. [PMID: 34179944 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that chronic hypertension underlies neurodegeneration. In this study, we examined the expression of brain cortical proteins involved in homeostasis, apoptosis, and brain functions in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We used paraffin-embedded brain sections of 8-month-old SHR and WKY rats, immunohistochemically stained and analyzed by image processing. In SHR, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A increased, indicative of hypoxia; heat shock protein 40, the chaperon for refolding proteins, decreased, leading to accumulation of misfolded proteins; the levels of both voltage-gated sodium channels, Na1.2, 1.6, decreased, reflecting attenuation of the action potential, causing axonal injury; autophagy-related protein 4A (Atg4a), an essential protein of autophagy, decreased, reducing the removal of misfolded proteins; demyelination, the hallmark of neurodegeneration, was shown; modulation of both histone deacetylases 2 and histone acetyltransferase 1 was shown, indicative of altered regulation of gene transcription; increased activated (cleaved) caspase-3, indicative of apoptosis. These new findings suggest that chronic hypertension induces hypoxia and oxidative stress, axonal injury, accelerates the accumulation of misfolded proteins and apoptosis, pathways preceding neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shabat Moti
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Eliya Oz
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Azrilin Olga
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.,Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Gross Bella
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Sela Shifra
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Palzur Eilam
- Galilee Medical Center, Research Institute, PO Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel
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Wang YF, Liu XW, Lin JM, Liang JY, Zhao XH, Wang SJ. The Clinical Features of FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis with Seizures: Case Reports and Literature Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:582768. [PMID: 34177880 PMCID: PMC8231650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis with seizures (FLAMCES) was recently reported. However, the clinical characteristics and outcome of this rare clinico-radiographic syndrome remain unclear. Methods The present study reported two new cases. In addition, cases in the literature were systematically reviewed to investigate the clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, treatments and prognosis for this rare clinico-radiographic syndrome. Results A total of 21 cases were identified during a literature review, with a mean patient age at onset of 26.8 years. The primary clinicopathological characteristics included seizures (100%), headache (71.4%), fever (52.3%) and other cortical symptoms associated with the encephalitis location (61.9%). The common seizure types were focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (28.6%) and unknown-onset tonic-clonic seizures (38.1%). The cortical abnormalities on MRI FLAIR imaging were commonly located in the frontal (58.8%), parietal (70.6%) and temporal (64.7%) lobes. In addition, pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid was reported in the majority of the patients (95.2%). All patients received a treatment regimen of corticosteroids and 9 patients received anti-epileptic drugs. Clinical improvement was achieved in all patients; however, one-third of the patients reported relapse following recovery from cortical encephalitis. Conclusions FLAMCES is a rare phenotype of MOG-associated disease. Thus, the wider recognition of this rare syndrome may enable timely diagnosis and the development of suitable treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Wu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lin
- Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Ji-Ye Liang
- Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiu-He Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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38
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Hilal S, Biesbroek JM, Vrooman H, Chong E, Kuijf HJ, Venketasubramanian N, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Biessels GJ, Chen C. The Impact of Strategic White Matter Hyperintensity Lesion Location on Language. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:156-165. [PMID: 32651052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on language possibly depends on lesion location through disturbance of strategic white matter tracts. We examined the impact of WMH location on language in elderly Asians. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS Eight-hundred nineteen residents of Singapore, ages (≥65 years). MEASUREMENTS Clinical, cognitive and 3T magnetic resonance imaging assessments were performed on all participants. Language was assessed using the Modified Boston Naming Test (MBNT) and Verbal Fluency (VF). Hypothesis-free region-of-interest-based (ROI) analyses based on major white matter tracts were used to determine the association between WMH location and language. Conditional dependencies between the regional WMH volumes and language were examined using Bayesian-network analysis. RESULTS ROI-based analyses showed that WMH located within the anterior thalamic radiation (mean difference: -0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.22; -0.02, p = 0.019) and uncinate fasciculus (mean difference: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18; -0.01, p = 0.022) in the left hemisphere were significantly associated with worse VF but did not survive multiple testing. Conversely, WMH volume in the left cingulum of cingulate gyrus was significantly associated with MBNT performance (mean difference: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.17; -0.02, p = 0.016). Bayesian-network analyses confirmed the left cingulum of cingulate gyrus as a direct determinant of MBNT performance. CONCLUSION Our findings identify the left cingulum of cingulate gyrus as a strategic white matter tract for MBNT, suggesting that language - is sensitive to subcortical ischemic damage. Future studies on the role of sporadic ischemic lesions and vascular cognitive impairment should not only focus on total WMH volume but should also take WMH lesion location into account when addressing language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System (SH, EC, CC), Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (SH, CC), Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (SH), Singapore.
| | - J Matthijs Biesbroek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (JMB, GJB), the Netherlands
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center (HV), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eddie Chong
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System (SH, EC, CC), Singapore
| | - Hugo J Kuijf
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht (HJK), the Netherlands
| | | | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (CY, TYW), Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (CY, TYW), Singapore
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (JMB, GJB), the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System (SH, EC, CC), Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (SH, CC), Singapore
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39
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Marquez JS, Hasan SMS, Siddiquee MR, Luca CC, Mishra VR, Mari Z, Bai O. Neural Correlates of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: An Electrophysiology Mini-Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:571086. [PMID: 33240199 PMCID: PMC7683766 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.571086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sebastian Marquez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - S. M. Shafiul Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Masudur R. Siddiquee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Corneliu C. Luca
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Virendra R. Mishra
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Peixoto RT, Chantranupong L, Hakim R, Levasseur J, Wang W, Merchant T, Gorman K, Budnik B, Sabatini BL. Abnormal Striatal Development Underlies the Early Onset of Behavioral Deficits in Shank3B -/- Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2016-2027.e4. [PMID: 31722214 PMCID: PMC6889826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural substrates and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset of cognitive and motor deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remain unclear. Mutations in ASD-associated SHANK3 in mice (Shank3B−/−) result in the accelerated maturation of corticostriatal circuits during the second and third postnatal weeks. Here, we show that during this period, there is extensive remodeling of the striatal synaptic proteome and a developmental switch in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity induced by cortical hyperactivity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Behavioral abnormalities in Shank3B−/− mice emerge during this stage and are ameliorated by normalizing excitatory synapse connectivity in medial striatal regions by the downregulation of PKA activity. These results suggest that the abnormal postnatal development of striatal circuits is implicated in the onset of behavioral deficits in Shank3B−/− mice and that modulation of postsynaptic PKA activity can be used to regulate corticostriatal drive in developing SPNs of mouse models of ASDs and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Peixoto et al. show that the onset of behavioral deficits in Shank3B−/− mice occurs during early postnatal development and that these can be ameliorated by reducing the glutamatergic synaptic drive in medial regions of the striatum by the downregulation of PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tiago Peixoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lynne Chantranupong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Hakim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Levasseur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wengang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tasha Merchant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelly Gorman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Laboratory, FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bernardo Luis Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Taylor CE, Henninger HB, Bachus KN. Cortical and medullary morphology of the tibia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:507-517. [PMID: 32585072 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone resorption caused by stress shielding and insufficient bone-implant contact continues to be problematic for orthopedic endoprostheses that utilize osseointegration (OI) for skeletal fixation. Morphologic analyses have helped combat this issue by defining anatomic parameters to optimize endoprosthesis loading by maximizing bone-implant contact. These studies have not typically included diaphyseal medullary morphology, as this region is not pertinent to total joint replacement. To the contrary, percutaneous OI endoprostheses for prosthetic limb attachment are placed in the diaphysis of the long bone. This study examined the cortical and medullary morphology of 116 fresh-frozen human cadaveric tibia using computed tomography. Anatomic landmarks were selected and custom MATLAB scripts were used to analyze the cross-sectional cortical and medullary morphology normalized to biomechanical length (BML). BML measured the distance between the tibial plateau and the tibial plafond. Properties such as cortical thickness, medullary diameter, and circularity of the medullary canal were quantified. We tested the influence of sex and laterality on morphology, and examined variations along the length of the bone. Results showed that while both sex and laterality impacted the location of anatomic landmarks, only sex influenced cross-sectional morphology. Overall, morphology significantly affected shape along the length of the bone for all examined properties except medullary circularity. This analysis found that distal to 35% BML, the canal is conducive to a circular implant, with medullary diameter ranging from 13 to 32 mm between 20 and 80% BML. A large size range is necessary for sufficient implant contact in order to accommodate residual limb length after amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heath B Henninger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kent N Bachus
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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42
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Kingsbury L, Huang S, Raam T, Ye LS, Wei D, Hu RK, Ye L, Hong W. Cortical Representations of Conspecific Sex Shape Social Behavior. Neuron 2020; 107:941-953.e7. [PMID: 32663438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A central question related to virtually all social decisions is how animals integrate sex-specific cues from conspecifics. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging in mice, we find that sex information is represented in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) across excitatory and inhibitory neurons. These cells form a distributed code that differentiates the sex of conspecifics and is strengthened with social experience. While males and females both represent sex in the dmPFC, male mice show stronger encoding of female cues, and the relative strength of these sex representations predicts sex preference behavior. Using activity-dependent optogenetic manipulations of natively active ensembles, we further show that these specific representations modulate preference behavior toward males and females. Together, these results define a functional role for native representations of sex in shaping social behavior and reveal a neural mechanism underlying male- versus female-directed sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Kingsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tara Raam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Letizia S Ye
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Don Wei
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rongfeng K Hu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Anderson S, Roque L, Gaskins CR, Gordon-Salant S, Goupell MJ. Age-Related Compensation Mechanism Revealed in the Cortical Representation of Degraded Speech. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2020; 21:373-391. [PMID: 32643075 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-020-00753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults understand speech with comparative ease in quiet, but signal degradation can hinder speech understanding much more than it does in younger adults. This difficulty may result, in part, from temporal processing deficits related to the aging process and/or high-frequency hearing loss that can occur in listeners who have normal- or near-normal-hearing thresholds in the speech frequency range. Temporal processing deficits may manifest as degraded neural representation in peripheral and brainstem/midbrain structures that lead to compensation, or changes in response strength in auditory cortex. Little is understood about the process by which the neural representation of signals is improved or restored by age-related cortical compensation mechanisms. Therefore, we used vocoding to simulate spectral degradation to compare the behavioral and neural representation of words that contrast on a temporal dimension. Specifically, we used the closure duration of the silent interval between the vowel and the final affricate /t∫/ or fricative /ʃ/ of the words DITCH and DISH, respectively. We obtained perceptual identification functions and electrophysiological neural measures (frequency-following responses (FFR) and cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs)) to unprocessed and vocoded versions of these words in young normal-hearing (YNH), older normal- or near-normal-hearing (ONH), and older hearing-impaired (OHI) listeners. We found that vocoding significantly reduced the slope of the perceptual identification function in only the OHI listeners. In contrast to the limited effects of vocoding on perceptual performance, vocoding had robust effects on the FFRs across age groups, such that stimulus-to-response correlations and envelope magnitudes were significantly lower for vocoded vs. unprocessed conditions. Increases in the P1 peak amplitude for vocoded stimuli were found for both ONH and OHI listeners, but not for the YNH listeners. These results suggest that while vocoding substantially degrades early neural representation of speech stimuli in the midbrain, there may be cortical compensation in older listeners that is not seen in younger listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Anderson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Lindsey Roque
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Casey R Gaskins
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Matthew J Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Thériault RK, Manduca JD, Blight CR, Khokhar JY, Akhtar TA, Perreault ML. Acute mitragynine administration suppresses cortical oscillatory power and systems theta coherence in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:759-770. [PMID: 32248751 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120914223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitragynine is the major alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) with potential as a therapeutic in pain management and in depression. There has been debate over the potential side effects of the drug including addiction risk and cognitive decline. AIMS To evaluate the effects of mitragynine on neurophysiological systems function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate cortex (Cg), orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus (HIP), thalamus (THAL), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral tegmental area of rats. METHODS Local field potential recordings were taken from animals at baseline and for 45 min following mitragynine administration (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Drug-induced changes in spectral power and coherence between regions at specific frequencies were evaluated. Mitragynine-induced changes in c-fos expression were also analyzed. RESULTS Mitragynine increased delta power and reduced theta power in all three cortical regions that were accompanied by increased c-fos expression. A transient suppression of gamma power in PFC and Cg was also evident. There were no effects of mitragynine on spectral power in any of the other regions. Mitragynine induced a widespread reduction in theta coherence (7-9 Hz) that involved disruptions in cortical and NAc connectivity with the BLA, HIP and THAL. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that mitragynine induces frequency-specific changes in cortical neural oscillatory activity that could potentially impact cognitive functioning. However, the absence of drug effects within regions of the mesolimbic pathway may suggest either a lack of addiction potential, or an underlying mechanism of addiction that is distinct from other opioid analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin R Blight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada RKT, JYK and MLP are part of the Collaborative Neuroscience Program
| | - Tariq A Akhtar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Hamatani H, Eng DG, Hiromura K, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. CD44 impacts glomerular parietal epithelial cell changes in the aged mouse kidney. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14487. [PMID: 32597007 PMCID: PMC7322268 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 contributes to the activation of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Although CD44 expression is higher in PECs of healthy aged mice, the biological role of CD44 in PECs in this context remains unclear. Accordingly, young (4 months) and aged (24 months) CD44-/- mice were compared to age-matched CD44+/+ mice, both aged in a nonstressed environment. Parietal epithelial cell densities were similar in both young and aged CD44+/+ and CD44-/- mice. Phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK) was higher in aged CD44+/+ mice. Vimentin and α-SMA, markers of changes to the epithelial cell phenotype, were present in PECs in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice in both outer cortical (OC) and juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli. Because age-related glomerular hypertrophy was lower in CD44-/- mice, mTOR activation was assessed by phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) staining. Parietal epithelial cells and glomerular tuft staining for pS6RP was lower in aged CD44-/- mice compared to aged CD44+/+ mice. Podocyte density was higher in aged CD44-/- mice in both OC and JM glomeruli. These changes were accompanied by segmental and global glomerulosclerosis in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice. These results show that the increase in CD44 in PECs in aged kidneys contributes to several changes to the glomerulus during healthy aging in mice, and may involve ERK and mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hamatani
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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Granger L, Bankes M, Sandiford NA. Cortical Strut Graft for Enigmatic Thigh Pain in Uncemented Total Hip Replacement. Cureus 2020; 12:e8233. [PMID: 32582493 PMCID: PMC7306660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Enigmatic thigh pain in uncemented femoral components of a total hip replacement can be severe and disabling. Treatment can be conservative or surgical with cortical strut graft or revision of the femoral stem. Cortical strut grafting may offer good results with reduced morbidity. The aim of this study was to report the functional and radiographic outcomes of four patients with enigmatic thigh pain treated with cortical strut allograft. Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2018, four women underwent cortical strut allografting at two centres. All patients had an uncemented, proximally porous S-ROM femoral implant (DePuy, Warsaw, In, USA). All other causes of anterolateral thigh pain were excluded. The mean age was 36.7 years (range: 29-51 years). Patients were followed up for a minimum of 14 months (range: 14-38 months). The University of California, Los Angles (UCLA) activity score, pain scores, complications, and radiographs at six weeks, three months, six months, nine months and one year were recorded. Results Mean UCLA activity scores increased from 3.2 (range: 2-4) to 6.2 (range: 6-7) post-operatively. Radiologically, all four patients had complete osseointegration of their strut grafts. Pain scores decreased at six weeks and at six months. One deep venous thrombosis occurred. One patient experienced recurrence of anterolateral thigh pain 26 months post-strut graft, which resolved with protected weight-bearing and analgesia for three months. Conclusions In uncemented femoral prostheses, cortical strut grafting to treat enigmatic thigh pain can reduce symptoms and increase activity without the need to revise a well-fixed femoral stem. We add to the growing body of evidence that this can be a successful surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Granger
- Orthopaedics, Leicester Orthopaedic Rotation (East Midlands South), Leicester, GBR
| | - Marcus Bankes
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, GBR
| | - Nemandra A Sandiford
- Joint Reconstruction Unit (Hip and Knee), Southland Teaching Hospital, Invercargill, NZL
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47
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Ooi L, Dottori M, Cook AL, Engel M, Gautam V, Grubman A, Hernández D, King AE, Maksour S, Targa Dias Anastacio H, Balez R, Pébay A, Pouton C, Valenzuela M, White A, Williamson R. If Human Brain Organoids Are the Answer to Understanding Dementia, What Are the Questions? Neuroscientist 2020; 26:438-454. [PMID: 32281909 PMCID: PMC7539594 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420912404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because our beliefs regarding our individuality, autonomy, and personhood are intimately bound up with our brains, there is a public fascination with cerebral organoids, the "mini-brain," the "brain in a dish". At the same time, the ethical issues around organoids are only now being explored. What are the prospects of using human cerebral organoids to better understand, treat, or prevent dementia? Will human organoids represent an improvement on the current, less-than-satisfactory, animal models? When considering these questions, two major issues arise. One is the general challenge associated with using any stem cell-generated preparation for in vitro modelling (challenges amplified when using organoids compared with simpler cell culture systems). The other relates to complexities associated with defining and understanding what we mean by the term "dementia." We discuss 10 puzzles, issues, and stumbling blocks to watch for in the quest to model "dementia in a dish."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin Engel
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damián Hernández
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Simon Maksour
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Targa Dias Anastacio
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachelle Balez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony White
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Williamson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Nethander M, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Karlsson M, Mellström D, Ohlsson C. BMD-Related Genetic Risk Scores Predict Site-Specific Fractures as Well as Trabecular and Cortical Bone Microstructure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5739622. [PMID: 32067027 PMCID: PMC7069346 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is important to identify patients at highest risk of fractures. OBJECTIVE To compare the separate and combined performances of bone-related genetic risk scores (GRSs) for prediction of forearm, hip and vertebral fractures separately, as well as of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters separately. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using 1103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with estimated bone mineral density of the heel (eBMD), we developed a weighted GRS for eBMD and determined its contribution to fracture prediction beyond 2 previously developed GRSs for femur neck BMD (49 SNPs) and lumbar spine BMD (48 SNPs). Associations between these GRSs and forearm (ncases = 1020; ncontrols = 2838), hip (ncases = 1123; ncontrols = 2630) and vertebral (ncases = 288; ncontrols = 1187) fractures were evaluated in 3 Swedish cohorts. Associations between the GRSs and trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters (n = 426) were evaluated in the MrOS Sweden cohort. RESULTS We found that eBMDGRS was the only significant independent predictor of forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS were significant independent predictors of hip fractures. The eBMDGRS was the major GRS contributing to prediction of trabecular bone microstructure parameters while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contributed information for prediction of cortical bone microstructure parameters. CONCLUSIONS The eBMDGRS independently predicts forearm and vertebral fractures while both FN-BMDGRS and eBMDGRS contribute independent information for prediction of hip fractures. We propose that eBMDGRS captures unique information about trabecular bone microstructure useful for prediction of forearm and vertebral fractures. These findings may facilitate personalized medicine to predict site-specific fractures as well as cortical and trabecular bone microstructure separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Professor Claes Ohlsson MD, PhD, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail:
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49
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Lecciso F, Colombo B. Beyond the Cortico-Centric Models of Cognition: The Role of Sub cortical Functioning in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2809. [PMID: 31920851 PMCID: PMC6927277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lecciso
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, Burlington, VT, United States
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50
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Tan PK, Ananyev E, Hsieh PJ. Distinct Genetic Signatures of Cortical and Subcortical Regions Associated with Human Memory. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO. [PMID: 31818829 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0283-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discovery of gene variants linked to memory performance, understanding the genetic basis of adult human memory remains a challenge. Here, we devised an unsupervised framework that relies on spatial correlations between human transcriptome data and functional neuroimaging maps to uncover the genetic signatures of memory in functionally-defined cortical and subcortical memory regions. Despite the discovery of gene variants linked to memory performance, understanding the genetic basis of adult human memory remains a challenge. Here, we devised an unsupervised framework that relies on spatial correlations between human transcriptome data and functional neuroimaging maps to uncover the genetic signatures of memory in functionally-defined cortical and subcortical memory regions. Results were validated with animal literature and showed that our framework is highly effective in identifying memory-related processes and genes compared to a control cognitive function. Genes preferentially expressed in cortical memory regions are linked to memory-related processes such as immune and epigenetic regulation. Genes expressed in subcortical memory regions are associated with neurogenesis and glial cell differentiation. Genes expressed in both cortical and subcortical memory areas are involved in the regulation of transcription, synaptic plasticity, and glutamate receptor signaling. Furthermore, distinct memory-associated genes such as PRKCD and CDK5 are linked to cortical and subcortical regions, respectively. Thus, cortical and subcortical memory regions exhibit distinct genetic signatures that potentially reflect functional differences in health and disease, and nominates gene candidates for future experimental investigations.
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