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Ho CY, Chen JYF, Hsu WL, Yu S, Chen WC, Chiu SH, Yang HR, Lin SY, Wu CY. Female Pattern Hair Loss: An Overview with Focus on the Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1326. [PMID: 37510231 PMCID: PMC10379895 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern hair loss can occur in both men and women, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been continuously studied in recent years. Male androgenetic alopecia (M-AGA), also termed male pattern hair loss, is the most common type of hair loss in men. M-AGA is considered an androgen-dependent trait with a background of genetic predisposition. The interplay between genetic and non-genetic factors leads to the phenotype of follicular miniaturization. Although this similar pattern of phenotypic miniaturization can also be found in female pattern hair loss (FPHL), the corresponding genetic factors in M-AGA do not account for the phenotype in FPHL, indicating that there are different genes contributing to FPHL. Therefore, the role of genetic factors in FPHL is still uncertain. Understanding the genetic mechanism that causes FPHL is crucial for the future development of personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to highlight the differences in the ethnic prevalence and genetic background of FPHL, as well as the current genetic research progress in nutrition, Wnt signaling, and sex hormones related to FPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Ho
- School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hao Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Ectodysplasin A (EDA) Signaling: From Skin Appendage to Multiple Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168911. [PMID: 36012178 PMCID: PMC9408960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA) signaling is initially identified as morphogenic signaling regulating the formation of skin appendages including teeth, hair follicles, exocrine glands in mammals, feathers in birds and scales in fish. Gene mutation in EDA signaling causes hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a congenital hereditary disease with malformation of skin appendages. Interestingly, emerging evidence suggests that EDA and its receptors can modulate the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and migration of cancer cells, and thus may regulate tumorigenesis and cancer progression. More recently, as a newly discovered hepatocyte factor, EDA pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type II diabetes by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the function of EDA signaling from skin appendage development to multiple other diseases, and discuss the clinical application of recombinant EDA protein as well as other potential targets for disease intervention.
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Abreu CM, Marques AP. Recreation of a hair follicle regenerative microenvironment: Successes and pitfalls. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10235. [PMID: 35079623 PMCID: PMC8780054 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is an exquisite skin appendage endowed with cyclical regenerative capacity; however, de novo follicle formation does not naturally occur. Consequently, patients suffering from extensive skin damage or hair loss are deprived of the HF critical physiological and/or aesthetic functions, severally compromising skin function and the individual's psychosocial well-being. Translation of regenerative strategies has been prevented by the loss of trichogenic capacity that relevant cell populations undergo in culture and by the lack of suitable human-based in vitro testing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major difficulties associated with HF regeneration and the approaches used to overcome these drawbacks. We describe key cellular requirements and discuss the importance of the HF extracellular matrix and associated signaling for HF regeneration. Finally, we summarize the strategies proposed so far to bioengineer human HF or hair-bearing skin models and disclose future trends for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
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