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Abo Qoura L, Balakin KV, Hoffman RM, Pokrovsky VS. The potential of methioninase for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189122. [PMID: 38796027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells are addicted to L-methionine (L-Met) and have a much greater requirement for L-Met than normal cells due to excess transmethylation, termed the Hoffman effect. By targeting this vulnerability through dietary restriction of L-Met, researchers have been able to achieve promising results in inhibiting tumor growth and eradicating cancer cells. Methioninase (EC 4.4.1.11; METase) catalyzes the transformation of L-Met into α-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol. The use of METase was initially limited due to its poor stability in vivo, high immunogenicity, and enzyme-induced inactivating antibodies. These issues could be partially resolved by PEGylation, encapsulation in erythrocytes, and various site-directed mutagenesis. The big breakthrough came when it was discovered that METase is effectively administered orally. The enzyme L-asparaginase is approved by the FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METase has more potential as a therapeutic since addiction to L-Met is a general and fundamental hallmark of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Abo Qoura
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-7400, USA
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Sharma SA, Oladejo SO, Kuang Z. Chemical interplay between gut microbiota and epigenetics: Implications in circadian biology. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00178-8. [PMID: 38776923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intrinsic molecular mechanisms that synchronize biological functions with the day/night cycle. The mammalian gut is colonized by a myriad of microbes, collectively named the gut microbiota. The microbiota impacts host physiology via metabolites and structural components. A key mechanism is the modulation of host epigenetic pathways, especially histone modifications. An increasing number of studies indicate the role of the microbiota in regulating host circadian rhythms. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize studies on microbial regulation of host circadian rhythms and epigenetic pathways, highlight recent findings on how the microbiota employs host epigenetic machinery to regulate circadian rhythms, and discuss its impacts on host physiology, particularly immune and metabolic functions. We further describe current challenges and resources that could facilitate research on microbiota-epigenetic-circadian rhythm interactions to advance our knowledge of circadian disorders and possible therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskrathi Aravinda Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah Olanrewaju Oladejo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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3
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Raboni S, Faggiano S, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A. Methionine gamma lyase: Structure-activity relationships and therapeutic applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140991. [PMID: 38147934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Methionine gamma lyase (MGL) is a bacterial and plant enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methionine in methanthiol, 2-oxobutanoate and ammonia. The enzyme belongs to fold type I of the pyridoxal 5'-dependent family. The catalytic mechanism and the structure of wild type MGL and variants were determined in the presence of the natural substrate as well as of many sulfur-containing derivatives. Structure-function relationship studies were pivotal for MGL exploitation in the treatment of cancer, bacterial infections, and other diseases. MGL administration to cancer cells leads to methionine starvation, thus decreasing cells viability and increasing their vulnerability towards other drugs. In antibiotic therapy, MGL acts by transforming prodrugs in powerful drugs. Numerous strategies have been pursued for the delivering of MGL in vivo to prolong its bioavailability and decrease its immunogenicity. These include conjugation with polyethylene glycol and encapsulation in synthetic or natural vesicles, eventually decorated with tumor targeting molecules, such as the natural phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein. The scientific achievements in studying MGL structure, function and perspective therapeutic applications came from the efforts of many talented scientists, among which late Tatyana Demidkina to whom we dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Garg S, Morehead LC, Bird JT, Graw S, Gies A, Storey AJ, Tackett AJ, Edmondson RD, Mackintosh SG, Byrum SD, Miousse IR. Characterization of methionine dependence in melanoma cells. Mol Omics 2024; 20:37-47. [PMID: 37782107 PMCID: PMC10903584 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction is associated with a reduction in tumor growth in preclinical studies and an increase in lifespan in animal models. The mechanism by which methionine restriction inhibits tumor growth while sparing normal cells is incompletely understood. We do know that normal cells can utilize methionine or homocysteine interchangeably (methionine independence) while most cancer cells are strictly dependent on methionine availability. Here, we compared a typical methionine dependent and a rare methionine independent melanoma cell line. We show that replacing methionine, a methyl donor, with its precursor homocysteine generally induced hypomethylation in gene promoters. This decrease was similar in methionine dependent and methionine independent cells. There was only a low level of pathway enrichment, suggesting that the hypomethylation is generalized rather than gene specific. Whole proteome and transcriptome were also analyzed. This analysis revealed that contrarily to the effect on methylation, the replacement of methionine with homocysteine had a much greater effect on the transcriptome and proteome of methionine dependent cells than methionine independent cells. Interestingly, methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), responsible for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine, was equally strongly upregulated in both cell lines. This suggests that the absence of methionine is equally detected but triggers different outcomes in methionine dependent versus independent cells. Our analysis reveals the importance of cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, translation, nutrient sensing, oxidative stress and immune functions in the cellular response to methionine stress in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Lauren C Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Jordan T Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Stefan Graw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Allen Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Rick D Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Holtz AG, Lowe TL, Aoki Y, Kubota Y, Hoffman RM, Clarke SG. Asymmetric and symmetric protein arginine methylation in methionine-addicted human cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296291. [PMID: 38134182 PMCID: PMC10745221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The methionine addiction of cancer cells is known as the Hoffman effect. While non-cancer cells in culture can utilize homocysteine in place of methionine for cellular growth, most cancer cells require exogenous methionine for proliferation. It has been suggested that a biochemical basis of this effect is the increased utilization of methionine for S-adenosylmethionine, the major methyl donor for a variety of cellular methyltransferases. Recent studies have pointed to the role of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in cell proliferation and cancer. To further understand the biochemical basis of the methionine addiction of cancer cells, we compared protein arginine methylation in two previously described isogenic cell lines, a methionine-addicted 143B human osteosarcoma cell line and its less methionine-dependent revertant. Previous work showed that the revertant cells were significantly less malignant than the parental cells. In the present study, we utilized antibodies to detect the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) products of PRMTs in polypeptides from cellular extracts and purified histone preparations of these cell lines fractionated by SDS-PAGE. Importantly, we observed little to no differences in the banding patterns of ADMA- and SDMA-containing species between the osteosarcoma parental and revertant cell lines. Furthermore, enzymatic activity assays using S-adenosyl-ʟ-[methyl-3H] methionine, recombinantly purified PRMT enzymes, cell lysates, and specific PRMT inhibitors revealed no major differences in radiolabeled polypeptides on SDS-PAGE gels. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in protein arginine methylation may not be major contributors to the Hoffman effect and that other consequences of methionine addiction may be more important in the metastasis and malignancy of osteosarcoma and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Holtz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Troy L Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Pokrovsky VS, Qoura LA, Demidova EA, Han Q, Hoffman RM. Targeting Methionine Addiction of Cancer Cells with Methioninase. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:944-952. [PMID: 37751865 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
All types of cancer cells are addicted to methionine, which is known as the Hoffman effect. Restricting methionine inhibits the growth and proliferation of all tested types of cancer cells, leaving normal cells unaffected. Targeting methionine addiction with methioninase (METase), either alone or in combination with common cancer chemotherapy drugs, has been shown as an effective and safe therapy in various types of cancer cells and animal cancer models. About six years ago, recombinant METase (rMETase) was found to be able to be taken orally as a supplement, resulting in anecdotal positive results in patients with advanced cancer. Currently, there are 8 published clinical studies on METase, including two from the 1990s and six more recent ones. This review focuses on the results of clinical studies on METase-mediated methionine restriction, in particular, on the dosage of oral rMETase taken alone as a supplement or in combination with common chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Louay Abo Qoura
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Elena A Demidova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-7400, USA
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Miyake K, Han Q, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Lwin TM, Miyake M, Yamamoto J, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Colon-cancer liver metastasis is effectively targeted by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) in an orthotopic mouse model. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102125. [PMID: 37320867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CCLM) is the most frequent cause of death of colorectal cancer. Development of novel new effective therapy is needed for CCLM patients to improve outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) on a CCLM orthotopic mouse model of liver metastasis established using the human colon cancer cell line HT29 expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthotopic CCLM nude mouse models were randomized into two groups: control group (n = 6, PBS 200 µl, i.p., daily); rMETase group (n = 6, 100 units/200 µl, i.p., daily). Tumor volume was measured on day 0 and day 15. Body weight was measured twice a week. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. RESULTS rMETase significantly inhibited the increase of the liver metastasis as determined by RFP fluorescence area and intensity (p = 0.016 and 0.015, respectively). There was no significant difference of body weight between either group on any day. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that rMETase has future potential therapy for CCLM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Sengupta S, Pattanaik KP, Mishra S, Sonawane A. Epigenetic orchestration of host immune defences by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127400. [PMID: 37196490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Being among the top 10 causes of adult deaths, tuberculosis (TB) disease is considered a major global public health concern to address. The human tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an extremely competent and well-versed pathogen that promotes pathogenesis by evading the host immune systems through numerous tactics. Investigations revealed that Mtb could evade the host defense mechanisms by reconfiguring the host gene transcription and causing epigenetic changes. Although results indicate the link between epigenetics and disease manifestation in other bacterial infections, little is known regarding the kinetics of the epigenetic alterations in mycobacterial infection. This literature review discusses the studies in Mtb-induced epigenetic alterations inside the host and its contribution in the host immune evasion strategies. It also discusses how the Mtb-induced alterations could be used as 'epibiomarkers' to diagnose TB. Additionally, this review also discusses therapeutic interventions to be enhanced through remodification by 'epidrugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Kali Prasad Pattanaik
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institutes of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
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Garg S, Morehead LC, Bird JT, Graw S, Gies A, Storey AJ, Tackett AJ, Edmondson RD, Mackintosh SG, Byrum SD, Miousse IR. Characterization of methionine dependence in melanoma cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535723. [PMID: 37066392 PMCID: PMC10104025 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction is associated with a reduction in tumor growth in preclinical studies and an increase in lifespan in animal models. The mechanism by which methionine restriction inhibits tumor growth while sparing normal cells is incompletely understood. We do know that normal cells can utilize methionine or homocysteine interchangeably (methionine independence) while most cancer cells are strictly dependent on methionine availability. Here, we compared a typical methionine dependent and a rare methionine independent melanoma cell line. We show that replacing methionine, a methyl donor, with its precursor homocysteine generally induced hypomethylation in gene promoters. This decrease was similar in methionine dependent and methionine independent cells. There was only a low level of pathway enrichment, suggesting that the hypomethylation is generalized rather than gene specific. Whole proteome and transcriptome were also analyzed. This analysis revealed that contrarily to the effect on methylation, the replacement of methionine with homocysteine had a much greater effect on the transcriptome and proteome of methionine dependent cells than methionine independent cells. Interestingly, methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), responsible for the synthesis of s-adenosylmethionine from methionine, was equally strongly upregulated in both cell lines. This suggests that the absence of methionine is equally detected but triggers different outcomes in methionine dependent versus independent cells. Our analysis reveals the importance of cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, translation, nutrient sensing, oxidative stress and immune functions in the cellular response to methionine stress in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Lauren C Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Jordan T Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Stefan Graw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Allen Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Rick D Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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Superiority of [ 11C]methionine over [ 18F]deoxyglucose for PET Imaging of Multiple Cancer Types Due to the Methionine Addiction of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031935. [PMID: 36768257 PMCID: PMC9915427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used to detect cancers. The usual isotope for PET imaging of cancer is [18F]deoxyglucose. The premise of using [18F]deoxyglucose is that cancers are addicted to glucose (The Warburg effect). However, cancers are more severely addicted to methionine (The Hoffman effect). [11C]methionine PET (MET-PET) has been effectively used for the detection of glioblastoma and other cancers in the brain, and in comparison, MET-PET has been shown to be more sensitive and accurate than [18F]deoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET). However, MET-PET has been limited to cancers in the brain. The present report describes the first applications of MET-PET to cancers of multiple organs, including rectal, bladder, lung, and kidney. The results in each case show that MET-PET is superior to FDG-PET due to the methionine addiction of cancer and suggest that the broad application of MET-PET should be undertaken for cancer detection.
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Montalbano S, Raboni S, Sidoli S, Mozzarelli A, Bettati S, Buschini A. Post-Translational Modifications of Histone Variants in the Absence and Presence of a Methionine-Depleting Enzyme in Normal and Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020527. [PMID: 36672476 PMCID: PMC9857184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid involved in the formation of polyamines and a precursor metabolite for DNA and protein methylation. The dependence of cancer cells on methionine has triggered extensive investigations aimed at its targeting for cancer therapy, including the exploitation as a therapeutic tool of methionine γ-lyase (MGL), a bacterial enzyme that degrades methionine, capable of inhibiting cancer cells growth due to methionine starvation. We have exploited the high-resolution power of mass spectrometry to compare the effects of reduced availability of the methyl donor SAM, induced by MGL treatment, on the post-translational modifications of the histone tails in normal Hs27 and cancer HT-29 cells. In the absence of MGL, our analysis detected a three-fold higher relative abundance of trimethylated K25 of H1.4 in HT-29 than Hs27 cells, and a complex pattern of methylated, unmethylated and acetylated peptides in H2 and H3.3. In the presence of MGL, in HT-29, the peptide H2A1_4_11 is predominantly unmodified with mono-methylated K5 increasing upon treatment, whereas in Hs27 cells, H2A1_4_11 is monomethylated at K5 and K9 with these marks decreasing upon treatment. The time dependence of the effects of MGL-mediated methionine depletion on PTMs of histone variants in HT-29 cancer cells was also monitored. Overall, our present data on histone variants H1, H2A, H2B as well as H3.3 integrated with our previous studies on histones H3 and H4, shed light on the epigenetic modifications associated with methionine starvation and associated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Montalbano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, San Cataldo, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wu G, Xu J, Wang Q, Fang Z, Fang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Cheng X, Sun J, Le G. Methionine-Restricted Diet: A Feasible Strategy Against Chronic or Aging-Related Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5-19. [PMID: 36571820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been associated with multifaceted health-promoting effects. MR is conducive to prevention of several chronic diseases and cancer, and extension of lifespan. A growing number of studies on new phenotypes and mechanisms of MR have become available in the past five years, especially in angiogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal barrier function. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and advantages of MR, and current knowledge on the physiological responses and effects of MR on chronic diseases and aging-associated pathologies. Potential mechanisms, in which hydrogen sulfide, fibroblast growth factor 21, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and so on are involved, are discussed. Moreover, directions for epigenetics and gut microbiota in an MR diet are presented in future perspectives. This review comprehensively summarizes the novel roles and interpretations of the mechanisms underlying MR in the prevention of chronic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ziyang Fang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yucheng Fang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Guowei Le
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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KUBOTA YUTARO, HAN QINGHONG, HAMADA KAZUYUKI, AOKI YUSUKE, MASAKI NORIYUKI, OBARA KOYA, BARANOV ANTON, BOUVET MICHAEL, TSUNODA TAKUYA, HOFFMAN ROBERTM. Oral Installation of Recombinant Methioninase-producing Escherichia coli into the Microbiome Inhibits Colon-cancer Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:683-691. [PMID: 36316039 PMCID: PMC9620449 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM All cancer types so far tested are methionine-addicted. Targeting the methionine addiction of cancer with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has shown great progress in vitro, in mouse models, and in the clinic. However, administration of rMETase requires multiple doses per day. In the present study, we determined if rMETase-producing Escherichia coli JM109 (E. coli JM109-rMETase) might be an effective anticancer agent when installed into the microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS E. coli JM109-rMETase was administered to a syngeneic model of MC38 colon cancer growing subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice. JM109-rMETase was administered orally by gavage to the mice twice per day. Tumor size was measured with calipers. RESULTS The administration of E. coli JM109-rMETase twice a day significantly inhibited MC38 colon-cancer growth. E. coli JM109-rMETase was found in the stool of treated mice, indicating it had entered the microbiome. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the potential of microbiome-based treatment of cancer targeting methionine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- YUTARO KUBOTA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - KAZUYUKI HAMADA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - YUSUKE AOKI
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - NORIYUKI MASAKI
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - KOYA OBARA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - MICHAEL BOUVET
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - TAKUYA TSUNODA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - ROBERT M. HOFFMAN
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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14
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Aoki Y, Han Q, Tome Y, Yamamoto J, Kubota Y, Masaki N, Obara K, Hamada K, Wang JD, Inubushi S, Bouvet M, Clarke SG, Nishida K, Hoffman RM. Reversion of methionine addiction of osteosarcoma cells to methionine independence results in loss of malignancy, modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and alteration of histone-H3 lysine-methylation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009548. [PMID: 36408173 PMCID: PMC9671209 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction, a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer, known as the Hoffman Effect, is due to altered use of methionine for increased and aberrant transmethylation reactions. However, the linkage of methionine addiction and malignancy of cancer cells is incompletely understood. An isogenic pair of methionine-addicted parental osteosarcoma cells and their rare methionine-independent revertant cells enabled us to compare them for malignancy, their epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, and pattern of histone-H3 lysine-methylation. Methionine-independent revertant 143B osteosarcoma cells (143B-R) were selected from methionine-addicted parental cells (143B-P) by their chronic growth in low-methionine culture medium for 4 passages, which was depleted of methionine by recombinant methioninase (rMETase). Cell-migration capacity was compared with a wound-healing assay and invasion capability was compared with a transwell assay in 143B-P and 143B-R cells in vitro. Tumor growth and metastatic potential were compared after orthotopic cell-injection into the tibia bone of nude mice in vivo. Epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic expression and the status of H3 lysine-methylation were determined with western immunoblotting. 143B-P cells had an IC50 of 0.20 U/ml and 143B-R cells had an IC50 of 0.68 U/ml for treatment with rMETase, demonstrating that 143B-R cells had regained the ability to grow in low methionine conditions. 143B-R cells had reduced cell migration and invasion capability in vitro, formed much smaller tumors than 143B-P cells and lost metastatic potential in vivo, indicating loss of malignancy in 143B-R cells. 143B-R cells showed gain of the epithelial marker, ZO-1 and loss of mesenchymal markers, vimentin, Snail, and Slug and, an increase of histone H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 methylation and a decrease of H3K4me3, H3K36me3, and H3K79me3 methylation, along with their loss of malignancy. These results suggest that shifting the balance in histone methylases might be a way to decrease the malignant potential of cells. The present results demonstrate the rationale to target methionine addiction for improved sarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Noriyuki Masaki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Koya Obara
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Justin D. Wang
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Aoki Y, Tome Y, Han Q, Yamamoto J, Hamada K, Masaki N, Kubota Y, Bouvet M, Nishida K, Hoffman RM. Deletion of MTAP Highly Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to Methionine Restriction With Recombinant Methioninase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:299-304. [PMID: 35430564 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer cells, which require exogenous methionine, despite large amounts of methionine synthesized endogenously. 5-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) plays a principal role as an enzyme in the methionine-salvage pathway, which produces methionine and adenine from methylthioadenosine and is deleted in 27.5% to 37.5% of osteosarcoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS, SaOS2, MNNG/HOS (HOS) and 143B, were used. The MTAP gene was knocked out in U2OS with CRISPR/Cas9. 143B and HOS have an MTAP deletion and SaOS2 is positive for MTAP. MTAP was determined by western blotting. The four cell lines were compared for sensitivity to recombinant methioninase (rMETase). RESULTS MTAP-deleted osteosarcoma cell lines MNNG/HOS and 143B were significantly more sensitive to rMETase than MTAP-positive osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and SaOS2. In addition, MTAP knock-out U2OS cells were more sensitive to rMETase than the parental MTAP-positive U2OS cells. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrated that the absence of MTAP sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to methionine restriction by rMETase, a promising clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Noriyuki Masaki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.; .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
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16
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Yamamoto J, Inubushi S, Han Q, Tashiro Y, Sugisawa N, Hamada K, Aoki Y, Miyake K, Matsuyama R, Bouvet M, Clarke SG, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Linkage of methionine addiction, histone lysine hypermethylation, and malignancy. iScience 2022; 25:104162. [PMID: 35434545 PMCID: PMC9010622 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction, found in all types of cancer investigated, is because of the overuse of methionine by cancer cells for excess transmethylation reactions. In the present study, we compared the histone H3 lysine-methylation status and degree of malignancy between methionine-addicted cancer cells and their isogenic methionine-independent revertants, selected by their growth in low concentration of methionine. The methionine-independent revertans can grow on low levels of methionine or independently of exogenous methionine using methionine precursors, as do normal cells. In the methionine-independent revertants, the excess levels of trimethylated histone H3 lysine marks found in the methionine-addicted parental cancer cells were reduced or lost, and their tumorigenicity and experimental metastatic potential in nude mice were also highly reduced. Methionine addiction of cancer is linked with malignancy and hypermethylation of histone H3 lysines. The results of the present study thus provide a unique framework to further understand a fundamental basis of malignancy. Methionine(MET)-independent revertants were selected from MET-addicted cancer cells MET-independent revertants had greatly reduced malignancy MET-independent revertants have lost or reduced methylation of H3 lysine marks MET addiction, malignancy, and hypermethylated H3 lysine marks are linked
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Qinghong Han
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, 7917 Ostrow St, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7220, La Jolla, CA 92037-7220, USA
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Li W, Huang BS, Xiong YY, Yang LJ, Wu LX. 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one is a novel LSD1 inhibitor that inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma cells and induces apoptosis and pyroptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:32. [PMID: 35042538 PMCID: PMC8764814 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is one of the most common fatal intracranial malignancies. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) reportedly has therapeutic effects on a variety of tumors. This study explored the therapeutic effect of LSD1 inhibition on glioblastoma cell lines and the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS The MTT assay was utilized to screen for the sensitivity of U87, U251 and T98G cells to 4, 5-dimethoxycarrageenin-6-one. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the proliferation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis signaling pathway expression to observe the effect of LSD1 inhibition on U251 and T98G cells. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, wound scratch, clone formation, and TUNEL assay were used to analyze the effects of 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one on glioblastoma cells. The effect of 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one was examined in vivo in BALB/c nude mice injected with U251 cells. HE staining was used to detect the histopathology of the tumor. RESULTS LSD1 specifically catalyzes the demethylation of monomethylated and demethylated histone H3 lysine at position 4 (h3k4me1, h3k4me2, h3k4me3) and lysine at position 9 (h3k9me1). This regulated the transcriptional activity of proliferation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis signaling pathway genes. In vitro, the proliferation of glioblastoma cells was decreased in the 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one group. The expression of Caspase1 in glioblastoma cells treated with 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one increased, and the number of apoptotic cells increased. The tumor volume of mice injected with 4, 5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one decreased significantly. CONCLUSION 4, 5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one could act as a novel inhibitor of LSD1 to regulate glioblastoma, which could inhibit the proliferation of U251 and T98G cells and induce their apoptosis and pyroptosis. It is a potential drug for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bai-Sheng Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Jian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
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Histone H3 lysine-trimethylation markers are decreased by recombinant methioninase and increased by methotrexate at concentrations which inhibit methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101177. [PMID: 34877414 PMCID: PMC8633566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer cells, which require exogenous methionine, despite their ability to synthesize normal amounts of methionine from homocysteine. In contrast, methionine-independent normal cells do not require exogenous methionine in the presence of a methionine precursor. The methionine addiction of cancer cells is due to excess transmethylation reactions. We have previously shown that histone H3 lysine marks are over-methylated in cancer cells and the over-methylation is unstable when the cancer cells are restricted of methionine. In the present study, we show that methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate (MTX) and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), but they affect histone H3 lysine-methylation in the opposite direction. Concentrations of MTX and rMETase, which inhibit osteosarcoma cells viability to 20%, had opposing effects on the status of histone methylation of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. rMETase significantly decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. In contrast, MTX significantly increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. The results suggest that increase or decrease in these methylated histone lysine marks is associated with proliferation arrest of methionine-addicted osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate and recombinant methioninase. MTX increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. RMETase decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Increase/decrease in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 is associated with proliferation arrest.
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19
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Navik U, Sheth VG, Khurana A, Jawalekar SS, Allawadhi P, Gaddam RR, Bhatti JS, Tikoo K. Methionine as a double-edged sword in health and disease: Current perspective and future challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101500. [PMID: 34700006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in various cellular processes. Reports advocate that methionine restriction and supplementation provide promising outcomes, and its regulation is critical for maintaining a healthy life. Dietary methionine restriction in houseflies and rodents has been proven to extend lifespan. Contrary to these findings, long-term dietary restriction of methionine leads to adverse events such as bone-related disorders, stunted growth, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Conversely, dietary supplementation of methionine improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and bone health. However, a high level of methionine intake shows adverse effects such as hyperhomocysteinemia, reduced body weight, and increased cholesterol levels. Therefore, dietary methionine in a safe dose could have medicinal values. Hence, this review is aimed to provide a snapshot of the dietary role and regulation of methionine in the modulation of health and age-related diseases.
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Xin L, Lu H, Liu C, Zeng F, Yuan YW, Wu Y, Wang JL, Wu DZ, Zhou LQ. Methionine deficiency promoted mitophagy via lncRNA PVT1-mediated promoter demethylation of BNIP3 in gastric cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106100. [PMID: 34678458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of recurrence and metastasis after treatment is a major challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer. This study was based on the methionine (Met)-dependent characteristics of gastric cancer cells to explore the effect of Met deficiency on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. METHODS Human gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and AGS and nude mice model were used to explore how Met affects gastric cancer by regulating lncRNA PVT1. RESULTS The levels of lncRNA PVT1 in gastric cancer cells and human gastric cancer xenografts of nude mice were down-regulated under the condition of Met deficiency. The cell viability and cell proliferation were declined after MKN45 and SGC-790 cells were cultured in Met-deficient medium. LncRNA PVT1 could affect BNIP3 promoter DNA methylation level through its interaction with DNMT1. Moreover, the silence of lncRNA PVT1 and the up-regulation of BNIP3 level inhibited the gastric cancer cell proliferation. Met deficiency could up-regulate BNIP3 expression by inhibiting the binding of lncRNA PVT1 to DNMT1, and activate mitophagy, thus inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that Met deficiency could down-regulate the expression of lncRNA PVT1, further demethylated the promoter of BNIP3, thus inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Wu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Deng-Zhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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21
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Aoki Y, Yamamoto J, Tome Y, Hamada K, Masaki N, Inubushi S, Tashiro Y, Bouvet M, Endo I, Nishida K, Hoffman RM. Over-methylation of Histone H3 Lysines Is a Common Molecular Change Among the Three Major Types of Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Patient-derived Xenograft (PDX) Mouse Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:715-721. [PMID: 34697064 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sarcomas are considered a heterogeneous disease with incomplete understanding of its molecular basis. In the present study, to further understand general molecular changes in sarcoma, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of the three most common soft-tissue sarcomas: myxofibrosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and liposarcoma were established and the methylation status of histone H3 lysine marks was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify the extent of methylation of histone H3K4me3 and histone H3K9me3. RESULTS In all 3 sarcoma types in PDX models, histone H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 were found highly over-methylated compared to normal muscle tissue. CONCLUSION Histone H3 lysine over-methylation may be a general basis of malignancy of the major sarcoma types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan;
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Noriyuki Masaki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.; .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
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22
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Raboni S, Montalbano S, Stransky S, Garcia BA, Buschini A, Bettati S, Sidoli S, Mozzarelli A. A Key Silencing Histone Mark on Chromatin Is Lost When Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells Are Depleted of Methionine by Methionine γ-Lyase. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:735303. [PMID: 34660696 PMCID: PMC8517235 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.735303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid used, beyond protein synthesis, for polyamine formation and DNA/RNA/protein methylation. Cancer cells require particularly high methionine supply for their homeostasis. A successful approach for decreasing methionine concentration is based on the systemic delivery of methionine γ-lyase (MGL), with in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating its efficacy in cancer therapy. However, the mechanisms explaining how cancer cells suffer from the absence of methionine more significantly than non-malignant cells are still unclear. We analyzed the outcome of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cell line HT29 to the exposure of MGL for up to 72 h by monitoring cell viability, proteome expression, histone post-translational modifications, and presence of spurious transcription. The rationale of this study was to verify whether reduced methionine supply would affect chromatin decondensation by changing the levels of histone methylation and therefore increasing genomic instability. MGL treatment showed a time-dependent cytotoxic effect on HT29 cancer cells, with an IC50 of 30 µg/ml, while Hs27 normal cells were less affected, with an IC50 of >460 µg/ml. Although the levels of total histone methylation were not altered, a loss of the silencing histone mark H3K9me2 was observed, as well as a decrease in H4K20me3. Since H3K9me2/3 decorate repetitive DNA elements, we proved by qRT-PCR that MGL treatment leads to an increased expression of major satellite units. Our data indicate that selected histone methylation marks may play major roles in the mechanism of methionine starvation in cancer cells, proving that MGL treatment directly impacts chromatin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Raboni
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Montalbano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology COMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Center, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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23
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Lim HI, Sun YU, Han Q, Yamamoto J, Hoffman RM. Efficacy of Oral Recombinant Methioninase and Eribulin on a PDOX Model of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Liver Metastasis. In Vivo 2021; 35:2531-2534. [PMID: 34410939 PMCID: PMC8408690 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to identify effective drugs for a highly-aggressive liver-metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Drugs tested were oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), low-dose eribulin and their combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient-derived TNBC was implanted in the liver of nude mice by surgical hepatic implantation. Two weeks after transplantation, 32 mice were randomized (n=8 per group) into a phosphate-buffered saline vehicle-control group; o-rMETase-treatment group (100 units, o-rMETase, oral, daily for 2 weeks); eribulin-treatment group (0.05 mg/kg intraperitoneally once per week for 2 weeks); or combination-treatment group (100 units r-METase, oral, daily for 2 weeks + 0.05 mg/kg eribulin intraperitoneally once per week for 2 weeks). RESULTS After 2 weeks, the three treatment groups exhibited significantly-inhibited TNBC growth in the liver compared to the vehicle-control group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION o-rMETase and low-dose eribulin monotherapy and their combination were efficacious against the highly-aggressive TNBC PDOX growing in the liver. The TNBC PDOX model can be used to identify highly-effective drugs for therapy of TNBC with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Lim
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.;
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, Chinjujeil Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y U Sun
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.;
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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24
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Endicott M, Jones M, Hull J. Amino acid metabolism as a therapeutic target in cancer: a review. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1169-1179. [PMID: 34292410 PMCID: PMC8325646 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells often demonstrate a proliferative advantage when compared to non-malignant cells. However, the rapid growth and metabolism required for survival can also highlight vulnerabilities specific to these malignant cells. One such vulnerability exhibited by cancer is an increased demand for amino acids (AAs), which often results in a dependency on exogenous sources of AAs or requires upregulation of de novo synthesis. These metabolic alterations can be exploited by therapy, which aims to improve treatment outcome and decrease relapse and reoccurrence. One clinically utilised strategy targeting AA dependency is the use of asparaginase in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which results in a depletion of exogenous asparagine and subsequent cancer cell death. Examples of other successful strategies include the exploitation of arginine deiminase and methioninase, nutrient restriction of methionine and the inhibition of glutaminase. In this review, we summarise these treatment strategies into three promising avenues: AA restriction, enzymatic depletion and inhibition of metabolism. This review provides an insight into the complexity of metabolism in cancer, whilst highlighting these three current research avenues that have support in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Endicott
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Jonathon Hull
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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25
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Han Q, Hoffman RM. Chronic Treatment of an Advanced Prostate-cancer Patient With Oral Methioninase Resulted in Long-term Stabilization of Rapidly Rising PSA Levels. In Vivo 2021; 35:2171-2176. [PMID: 34182494 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Advanced prostate cancer is a recalcitrant disease with very limited treatment options. Our laboratory discovered methionine addiction, presumably a characteristic of all cancer types, including prostate cancer, which can be targeted by methionine restriction (MR), through treatment with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase). PATIENTS AND METHODS o-rMETase was produced by fermentation of recombinant E. coli containing the Pseudomonas putida methioninase gene, and purified by column chromatography. An advanced prostate cancer patient received o-rMETase as a supplement, 500 units per day, divided into two oral doses of 250 units each. RESULTS Before treatment, the patient had a rapid rise in PSA levels, from 39 to 56 ng/ml, within 6 weeks. At the 15th week of o-rMETase administration, the PSA levels stabilized at 62 ng/ml. No overt side effects were observed. CONCLUSION o-rMETase single treatment can be beneficial for advanced prostate cancer patients.
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26
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Sorin M, Watkins D, Gilfix BM, Rosenblatt DS. Methionine dependence in tumor cells: The potential role of cobalamin and MMACHC. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:155-161. [PMID: 33487542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methionine dependence of tumor cell lines, the inability to grow in tissue culture media lacking methionine but supplemented with homocysteine, has been known for decades, but an understanding of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains incomplete. Methionine dependence of certain glioma and melanoma cell lines has been linked to alterations in the metabolism of cobalamin (vitamin B12). In the MeWo LC1 melanoma line, complementation analysis demonstrated that the genetic defect affected the same locus mutated in the cblC inborn error of cobalamin metabolism; hypermethylation of the MMACHC promoter was subsequently demonstrated. Analysis of data in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia showed increased MMACHC methylation levels in melanoma lines compared to other types of cancer. RNA sequencing data from isolated tumors, tabulated at the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics website, showed decreased MMACHC expression compared to other tumors; and methylation data tabulated at the TGGA Wanderer website demonstrated increased MMACHC methylation. These data suggest that disruptions in cobalamin metabolism might play a more general role in methionine dependence, and potentially in the pathogenesis of melanoma cell lines and primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David Watkins
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Brian M Gilfix
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David S Rosenblatt
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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27
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Higuchi T, Han Q, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. Combination Methionine-methylation-axis Blockade: A Novel Approach to Target the Methionine Addiction of Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:113-120. [PMID: 33608308 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancers are selectively sensitive to methionine (MET) restriction (MR) due to their addiction to MET which is overused for elevated methylation reactions. MET addiction of cancer was discovered by us 45 years ago. MR of cancer results in depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for transmethylation reactions, resulting in selective cancer-growth arrest in the late S/G2-phase of the cell cycle. The aim of the present study was to determine if blockade of the MET-methylation axis is a highly-effective strategy for cancer chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we demonstrated the efficacy of MET-methylation-axis blockade using MR by oral-recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) combined with decitabine (DAC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, and an inhibitor of SAM synthesis, cycloleucine (CL). We determined a proof-of-concept of the efficacy of the MET-methylation-axis blockade on a recalcitrant undifferentiated/unclassified soft-tissue sarcoma (USTS) patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. RESULTS The o-rMETase-CL-DAC combination regressed the USTS PDOX with extensive cancer necrosis. CONCLUSION The new concept of combination MET-methylation-axis blockade is effective and can now be tested on many types of recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.; .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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28
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Mehboob R, Kurdi M, Ahmad M, Gilani SA, Khalid S, Nasief H, Mirdad A, Malibary H, Hakamy S, Hassan A, Alaifan M, Bamaga A, Shahzad SA. Comprehensive Analysis of Genes Associated With Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:742225. [PMID: 34722422 PMCID: PMC8555024 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.742225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a tragic incident which remains a mystery even after post-mortem investigation and thorough researches. Methods: This comprehensive review is based on the genes reported in the molecular autopsy studies conducted on SIDS so far. A total of 20 original studies and 7 case reports were identified and included in this analysis. The genes identified in children or adults were not included. Most of the genes reported in these studies belonged to cardiac channel and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac channel genes in SIDS were scrutinized for further analysis. Results: After screening and removing the duplicates, 42 unique genes were extracted. When the location of these genes was assessed, it was observed that most of these belonged to Chromosomes 11, 1 and 3 in sequential manner. The pathway analysis shows that these genes are involved in the regulation of heart rate, action potential, cardiac muscle cell contraction and heart contraction. The protein-protein interaction network was also very big and highly interactive. SCN5A, CAV3, ALG10B, AKAP9 and many more were mainly found in these cases and were regulated by many transcription factors such as MYOG C2C1 and CBX3 HCT11. Micro RNA, "hsa-miR-133a-3p" was found to be prevalent in the targeted genes. Conclusions: Molecular and computational approaches are a step forward toward exploration of these sad demises. It is so far a new arena but seems promising to dig out the genetic cause of SIDS in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Mehboob
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Lahore Medical Research Center, LLP, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mursleen Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Lahore Medical Research Center, LLP, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hisham Nasief
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Mirdad
- Pediatric Department, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amber Hassan
- Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Meshari Alaifan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bamaga
- Paediatric Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Neurology and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Shahzad
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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