1
|
Age-dependent characterization of carotid and cerebral artery geometries in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell anemia using ultrasound and microcomputed tomography. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 85:102486. [PMID: 32841841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To define morphological changes in carotid and cerebral arteries in sickle cell transgenic mice (SS) as they age, a combination of ultrasound and microcomputed tomography of plastinated arteries was used to quantify arterial dimensions and changes in mice 4, 12, and 24 weeks of age. 12-week SS mice had significantly larger common carotid artery diameters than AS mice, which continued through to the extracranial and intracranial portions of the internal carotid artery (ICA). There were also side specific differences in diameters between the left and right vessels. Significant ICA tapering along its length occurred by 12- and 24-weeks in SS mice, decreasing by as much as 70%. Significant narrowing along the length was also measured in SS anterior cerebral arteries at 12- and 24-weeks, but not AS. Collectively, these findings indicate that sickle cell anemia induces arterial remodeling in 12- and 24-weeks old mice. Catalog of measurements are also provided for the common carotid, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral arteries for AS and SS genotypes, as a reference for other investigators using mathematical and computational models of age-dependent arterial complications caused by sickle cell anemia.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sathialingam E, Williams EK, Lee SY, McCracken CE, Lam WA, Buckley EM. Hematocrit significantly confounds diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurements of blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4786-4799. [PMID: 32923078 PMCID: PMC7449719 DOI: 10.1364/boe.397613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an optical modality used to measure an index of blood flow in biological tissue. This blood flow index depends on both the red blood cell flow rate and density (i.e., hematocrit), although the functional form of hematocrit dependence is not well delineated. Herein, we develop and validate a novel tissue-simulating phantom containing hundreds of microchannels to investigate the influence of hematocrit on blood flow index. For a fixed flow rate, we demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between hematocrit and blood flow index that must be accounted for to accurately estimate blood flow under anemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eashani Sathialingam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Evelyn Kendall Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Courtney E. McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|