1
|
Yasugi Y, Shirasaka Y, Tamai I. Quantitative analysis of the impact of membrane permeability on intestinal first-pass metabolism of CYP3A substrates. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:3-14. [PMID: 38085672 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was firstly to investigate the effect of membrane permeability on the intestinal availability (Fg ) of 10 cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates with differing permeability (Papp ) and metabolic activity (CLint ) using Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells expressing human CYP3A4 (MDCKII/CYP3A4 cells), and secondly to confirm the essential factors by simulations. A membrane permeation assay using MDCKII/CYP3A4 cells showed a significant correlation between human intestinal extraction ratio (ER) (Eg (=1 - Fg )) and in vitro cellular ER (r = 0.834). This relationship afforded better predictability of Eg values than the relationship between Eg and CLint,HIM values obtained from human intestinal microsomes (r = 0.598). An even stronger correlation was observed between 1 - Fa ·Fg and ER (r = 0.874). Simulation with a cellular kinetic model indicated that ER is sensitive to changes of PSpassive and CLint values, but not to the intracellular unbound fraction (fu,cell ) or P-gp-mediated efflux (PSP - gp ). It may be concluded that, based on the concentration-time profile of drugs in epithelial cells, transmembrane permeability influences Fg (or ER) and drug exposure time to metabolizing enzymes for P450 substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yasugi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Słoczyńska K, Popiół J, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Żmudzki P, Pękala E. Evaluation of Two Novel Hydantoin Derivatives Using Reconstructed Human Skin Model EpiskinTM: Perspectives for Application as Potential Sunscreen Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061850. [PMID: 35335215 PMCID: PMC8949075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess two novel 5-arylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) derivatives (JH3 and JH10) demonstrating photoprotective activity using the reconstructed human skin model EpiskinTM. The skin permeability, irritation, and phototoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro. Moreover, the in vitro genotoxicity and human metabolism of both compounds was studied. For skin permeation and irritation experiments, the test compounds were incorporated into a formulation. It was shown that JH3 and JH10 display no skin irritation and no phototoxicity. Both compounds did not markedly enhance the frequency of micronuclei in CHO-K1 cells in the micronucleus assay. Preliminary in vitro studies with liver microsomes demonstrated that hydrolysis appears to constitute their important metabolic pathway. EpiskinTM permeability experiments showed that JH3 permeability was lower than or close to currently used UV filters, whereas JH10 had the potential to permeate the skin. Therefore, a restriction of this compound permeability should be obtained by choosing the right vehicle or by optimizing it, which should be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (P.K.-A.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-205-577
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (P.K.-A.); (E.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (P.K.-A.); (E.P.)
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (P.K.-A.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cellulose nanofibril as a crosslinker to reinforce the sodium alginate/chitosan hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:890-899. [PMID: 34455006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from natural polymers have received great attention, but their practical applications are severely hindered by the relatively poor mechanical properties. In this work, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was used as a crosslinker to reinforce the sodium alginate (SA)/chitosan (CS) hydrogels for drug sustained release. The CNF was prepared via a combined process of ball milling and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) pretreatment and characterized using SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. Furthermore, the microstructure, mechanical/biological properties and swelling performance of SA/CS/CNF hydrogels were investigated. Results showed that 1.0 wt% CNF addition led to the increases of 23.6% in storage modulus and 54.4% in loss modulus for the SA/CS/CNF hydrogels, indicating that CNF addition was effective in reinforcing the three-dimensional entangled networks of the hydrogels. Moreover, the presence of CNF was found to weaken the swelling performance of SA/CS/CNF hydrogels. When the synthesized SA/CS/CNF hydrogel with 1.0 wt% CNF was applied as a carrier for drug release, 50.8% reduction in the release rate in simulated gastric juice was achieved, demonstrating its outstanding sustained release properties. This work suggested that CNF might be conducive to enhancing the properties of SA/CS hydrogels, which can serve as an ideal polymeric carrier for drug release.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma J, Gao Y, Sun Y, Ding D, Zhang Q, Sun B, Wang M, Sun J, He Z. Tissue distribution and dermal drug determination of indomethacin transdermal-absorption patches. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 7:617-624. [PMID: 28534130 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tissue distribution and percutaneous drug absorption of indomethacin (IND) patches were studied using commercial IND as a comparison. The concentration of IND in skin, plasma, and muscle in mice was measured by LC-MS/MS, and the IND concentration in the dermis of rats was also monitored by microdialysis. After percutaneous administration, the "double-peak" phenomenon occurred in different tissues, and the IND concentration was ranked as skin first, followed by plasma and then muscle. In particular, skin acted as a reservoir for drug release, and the "secondary hump" in tissue distribution was attributed to the subsequent release of lipophilic IND in skin. It was concluded that examination of the tissue distribution and application of a microdialysis technique provided an effective means of evaluating indomethacin pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinghua Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Dawei Ding
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Lu P, Wang R, Ye L, Xu D, Ye R, Liu Y, Bi S, Gooneratne R. Biotransformation enzyme activities and phase I metabolites analysis in Litopenaeus vannamei following intramuscular administration of T-2 toxin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:113-122. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1320407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengli Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riying Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnologies Co, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaudhry M, Alessandrini M, Rademan J, Dodgen TM, Steffens FE, van Zyl DG, Gaedigk A, Pepper MS. Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on amitriptyline efficacy for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:433-443. [PMID: 28350251 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Therapy with low-dose amitriptyline is commonly used to treat painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. There is a knowledge gap, however, regarding the role of variable CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism and side effects (SEs). We aimed to generate pilot data to demonstrate that SEs are more frequent in patients with variant CYP2D6 alleles. METHOD To that end, 31 randomly recruited participants were treated with low-dose amitriptyline for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and their CYP2D6 gene sequenced. RESULTS Patients with predicted normal or ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotypes presented with less SEs compared with individuals with decreased CYP2D6 activity. CONCLUSION Hence, CYP2D6 genotype contributes to treatment outcome and may be useful for guiding drug therapy. Future investigations in a larger patient population are planned to support these preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoonah Chaudhry
- Department of Immunology & the Institute for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Immunology & the Institute for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Rademan
- Department of Immunology & the Institute for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tyren M Dodgen
- Department of Immunology & the Institute for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francois E Steffens
- Department of Consumer Science, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Danie G van Zyl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City & School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology & the Institute for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin NN, Chen J, Xu B, Wei X, Guo L, Xie JW. The roles of carboxylesterase and CYP isozymes on the in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin. Mil Med Res 2015; 2:13. [PMID: 26140218 PMCID: PMC4489217 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-015-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-2 toxin poses a great threat to human health because it has the highest toxicity of the currently known trichothecene mycotoxins. To understand the in vivo toxicity and transformation mechanism of T-2 toxin, we investigated the role of one kind of principal phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP450] enzymes) on the metabolism of T-2 toxin, which are crucial to the metabolism of endogenous substances and xenobiotics. We also investigated carboxylesterase, which also plays an important role in the metabolism of toxic substances. METHODS A chemical inhibition method and a recombinant method were employed to investigate the metabolism of the T-2 toxin by the CYP450 enzymes, and a chemical inhibition method was used to study carboxylesterase metabolism. Samples incubated with human liver microsomes were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC- QqQ MS) after a simple pretreatment. RESULTS In the presence of a carboxylesterase inhibitor, only 20 % T-2 toxin was metabolized. When CYP enzyme inhibitors and a carboxylesterase inhibitor were both present, only 3 % of the T-2 toxin was metabolized. The contributions of the CYP450 enzyme family to T-2 toxin metabolism followed the descending order CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6 or CYP2D6 or CYP2C19. CONCLUSION Carboxylesterase and CYP450 enzymes are of great importance in T-2 toxin metabolism, in which carboxylesterase is predominant and CYP450 has a subordinate role. CYP3A4 is the principal member of the CYP450 enzyme family responsible for T-2 toxin metabolism. The primary metabolite produced by carboxylesterase is HT-2, and the main metabolite produced by CYP 3A4 is 3'-OH T-2. The different metabolites show different toxicities. Our results will provide useful data concerning the toxic mechanism, the safety evaluation, and the health risk assessment of T-2 toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barth T, Habenschus MD, Lima Moreira F, Ferreira LDS, Lopes NP, Moraes de Oliveira AR. In vitro metabolism of the lignan (-)-grandisin, an anticancer drug candidate, by human liver microsomes. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:780-6. [PMID: 25594619 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(-)-grandisin is a tetrahydrofuran lignan that displays important biological properties, such as trypanocidal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, suggesting its utility as a potential drug candidate. One important step in drug development is metabolic characterization and metabolite identification. To perform a biotransformation study of (-)-grandisin and to determine its kinetic properties in humans, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated. After HPLC method validation, the kinetic properties of (-)-grandisin were determined. (-)-grandisin metabolism obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The maximal reaction rate (Vmax ) was 3.96 ± 0.18 µmol/mg protein/h, and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) was 8.23 ± 0.99 μM. In addition, the structures of the metabolites derived from (-)-grandisin were characterized via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Four metabolites, 4-O-demethylgrandisin, 3-O-demethylgrandisin, 4,4'-di-O-demethylgrandisin, and a metabolite that may correspond to either 3,4-di-O-demethylgrandisin or 3,5-di-O-demethylgrandisin, were detected. CYP2C9 isoform was the main responsible for the formation of the metabolites. These metabolites have not been previously described, demonstrating the necessity of assessing (-)-grandisin metabolism using human-derived materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barth
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560, Macaé-RJ, Brazil
| | - Maísa Daniela Habenschus
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lima Moreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Lychnoflora Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento em Produtos Naturais LTDA, Rua Ângelo Mestriner 263, 14030-090, Vila Virgínia, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie G, Cheng KW, Huang L, Rigas B. The in vitro metabolism of phospho-sulindac amide, a novel potential anticancer agent. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:249-55. [PMID: 25044307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phospho-sulindac amide (PSA) is a novel potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Here we report the metabolism of PSA in vitro. PSA was rapidly hydroxylated at its butane-phosphate moiety to form two di-hydroxyl-PSA and four mono-hydroxyl-PSA metabolites in mouse and human liver microsomes. PSA also can be oxidized or reduced at its sulindac moiety to form PSA sulfone and PSA sulfide, respectively. PSA was mono-hydroxylated and cleared more rapidly in mouse liver microsomes than in human liver microsomes. Of eight major human cytochrome P450s (CYPs), CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 exclusively catalyzed the hydroxylation and sulfoxidation reactions of PSA, respectively. We also examined the metabolism of PSA by three major human flavin monooxygenases (FMOs). FMO1, FMO3 and FMO5 were all capable of catalyzing the sulfoxidation (but not hydroxylation) of PSA, with FMO1 being by far the most active isoform. PSA was predominantly sulfoxidized in human kidney microsomes because FMO1 is the dominant isoform in human kidney. PSA (versus sulindac) is a preferred substrate of both CYPs and FMOs, likely because of its greater lipophilicity and masked-COOH group. Ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor) and alkaline pH strongly inhibited the hydroxylation of PSA, but moderately suppressed its sulfoxidation in liver microsomes. Together, our results establish the metabolic pathways of PSA, identify the major enzymes mediating its biotransformations and reveal significant inter-species and inter-tissue differences in its metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Liqun Huang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Medicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garside H, Marcoe KF, Chesnut-Speelman J, Foster AJ, Muthas D, Kenna JG, Warrior U, Bowes J, Baumgartner J. Evaluation of the use of imaging parameters for the detection of compound-induced hepatotoxicity in 384-well cultures of HepG2 cells and cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:171-81. [PMID: 24189122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of failed drug development, withdrawal and restricted usage. Therefore screening assays which aid selection of candidate drugs with reduced propensity to cause DILI are required. We have investigated the toxicity of 144 drugs, 108 of which caused DILI, using assays identified in the literature as having some predictivity for hepatotoxicity. The validated assays utilised either HepG2 cells, HepG2 cells in the presence of rat S9 fraction or isolated human hepatocytes. All parameters were quantified by multiplexed and automated high content fluorescence microscopy, at appropriate time points after compound administration (4, 24 or 48h). The individual endpoint which identified drugs that caused DILI with greatest precision was maximal fold induction in CM-H2DFFDA staining in hepatocytes after 24h (41% sensitivity, 86% specificity). However, hierarchical clustering analysis of all endpoints provided the most sensitive identification of drugs which caused DILI (58% sensitivity, 75% specificity). We conclude that multi-parametric high content cell toxicity assays can enable in vitro detection of drugs that have high propensity to cause DILI in vivo but that many DILI compounds exhibit few in vitro signals when evaluated using these assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Muthas
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, R&D, SE, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joanne Bowes
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, R&D, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|