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Dumitru CA, Brouwer E, Stelzer T, Nocerino S, Rading S, Wilkens L, Sandalcioglu IE, Karsak M. Dynein Light Chain Protein Tctex1: A Novel Prognostic Marker and Molecular Mediator in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112624. [PMID: 34071761 PMCID: PMC8199143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the deadliest solid cancers, with only a dismal proportion of GBM patients achieving 5-year survival. Thus, it is critical to identify molecular mechanisms that could be targeted by novel therapeutic approaches in this tumor type. Our study identified Tctex1/DYNLT1 as an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival of GBM patients. Importantly, Tctex1 promoted the aggressiveness of GBM cells by enhancing tumor proliferation and invasion. These effects of Tctex1 appeared to be modulated via phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) and the release of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2), respectively. As Tctex1 can potentially be inhibited in vivo, our study provides a rationale for novel, individualized therapeutic strategies in GBM patients. Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Tctex1 (DYNLT1, dynein light chain-1) in the pathophysiology of glioblastoma (GBM). To this end, we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tissues from GBM patients (n = 202). Tctex1 was additionally overexpressed in two different GBM cell lines, which were then evaluated in regard to their proliferative and invasive properties. We found that Tctex1 levels were significantly higher in GBM compared to healthy adjacent brain tissues. Furthermore, high Tctex1 expression was significantly associated with the short overall- (p = 0.002, log-rank) and progression-free (p = 0.028, log-rank) survival of GBM patients and was an independent predictor of poor overall survival in multivariate Cox-regression models. In vitro, Tctex1 promoted the metabolic activity, anchorage-independent growth and proliferation of GBM cells. This phenomenon was previously shown to occur via the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (phospho-RB). Here, we found a direct and significant correlation between the levels of Tctex1 and phospho-RB (Ser807/801) in tissues from GBM patients (p = 0.007, Rho = 0.284, Spearman’s rank). Finally, Tctex1 enhanced the invasiveness of GBM cells and the release of pro-invasive matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2). These findings indicate that Tctex1 promotes GBM progression and therefore might be a useful therapeutic target in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alexandra Dumitru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (C.A.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Eileen Brouwer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.B.); (T.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Tamina Stelzer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.B.); (T.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Salvatore Nocerino
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.B.); (T.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.B.); (T.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Department of Pathology, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | - Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (E.B.); (T.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.D.); (M.K.)
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Mensching L, Rading S, Nikolaev V, Karsak M. Monitoring Cannabinoid CB2 -Receptor Mediated cAMP Dynamics by FRET-Based Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217880. [PMID: 33114208 PMCID: PMC7660676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB2 receptor signaling and function is primarily mediated by its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. The visualization and monitoring of agonist dependent dynamic 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling at the single cell level is still missing for CB2 receptors. This paper presents an application of a live cell imaging while using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, for quantification of cAMP. We established HEK293 cells stably co-expressing human CB2 and Epac1-camps and quantified cAMP responses upon Forskolin pre-stimulation, followed by treatment with the CB2 ligands JWH-133, HU308, β-caryophyllene, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol. We could identify cells showing either an agonist dependent CB2-response as expected, cells displaying no response, and cells with constitutive receptor activity. In Epac1-CB2-HEK293 responder cells, the terpenoid β-caryophyllene significantly modified the cAMP response through CB2. For all of the tested ligands, a relatively high proportion of cells with constitutively active CB2 receptors was identified. Our method enabled the visualization of intracellular dynamic cAMP responses to the stimuli at single cell level, providing insights into the nature of heterologous CB2 expression systems that contributes to the understanding of Gαi-mediated G-Protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in living cells and opens up possibilities for future investigations of endogenous CB2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Mensching
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Sharaf A, Mensching L, Keller C, Rading S, Scheffold M, Palkowitsch L, Djogo N, Rezgaoui M, Kestler HA, Moepps B, Failla AV, Karsak M. Systematic Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Identified p62 as Part of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 Interactome. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:224. [PMID: 31616248 PMCID: PMC6763791 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists particularly of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands, and enzymes that synthesize and degrade their ligands. It acts in a variety of organs and disease states ranging from cancer progression over neuropathic pain to neurodegeneration. Protein components engaged in the signaling, trafficking, and homeostasis machinery of the G-protein coupled CB2, are however largely unknown. It is therefore important to identify further interaction partners to better understand CB2 receptor functions in physiology and pathophysiology. For this purpose, we used an affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach of Strep-HA-CB2 receptor in HEK293 cells. After subtraction of background interactions and protein frequency library assessment we could identify 83 proteins that were classified by the identification of minimally 2 unique peptides as highly probable interactors. A functional protein association network analysis obtained an interaction network with a significant enrichment of proteins functionally involved in protein metabolic process, in endoplasmic reticulum, response to stress but also in lipid metabolism and membrane organization. The network especially contains proteins involved in biosynthesis and trafficking like calnexin, Sec61A, tubulin chains TUBA1C and TUBB2B, TMED2, and TMED10. Six proteins that were only expressed in stable CB2 expressing cells were DHC24, DHRS7, GGT7, HECD3, KIAA2013, and PLS1. To exemplify the validity of our approach, we chose a candidate having a relatively low number of edges in the network to increase the likelihood of a direct protein interaction with CB2 and focused on the scaffold/phagosomal protein p62/SQSTM1. Indeed, we independently confirmed the interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemical colocalization studies. 3D reconstruction of confocal images furthermore showed CB2 localization in close proximity to p62 positive vesicles at the cell membrane. In summary, we provide a comprehensive repository of the CB2 interactome in HEK293 cells identified by a systematic unbiased approach, which can be used in future experiments to decipher the signaling and trafficking complex of this cannabinoid receptor. Future studies will have to analyze the exact mechanism of the p62-CB2 interaction as well as its putative role in disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sharaf
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonore Mensching
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Keller
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Scheffold
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Nevena Djogo
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meriem Rezgaoui
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Moepps
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meliha Karsak
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Karsak M, Glebov K, Scheffold M, Bajaj T, Kawalia A, Karaca I, Rading S, Kornhuber J, Peters O, Diez-Fairen M, Frölich L, Hüll M, Wiltfang J, Scherer M, Riedel-Heller S, Schneider A, Heneka MT, Fliessbach K, Sharaf A, Thiele H, Lennarz M, Jessen F, Maier W, Kubisch C, Ignatova Z, Nürnberg P, Pastor P, Walter J, Ramirez A. A rare heterozygous TREM2 coding variant identified in familial clustering of dementia affects an intrinsically disordered protein region and function of TREM2. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:169-181. [PMID: 31464095 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rare coding variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) gene have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and homozygous TREM2 loss-of-function variants have been reported in families with monogenic frontotemporal-like dementia with/without bone abnormalities. In a whole-exome sequencing study of a family with probable AD-type dementia without pathogenic variants in known autosomal dominant dementia disease genes and negative for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, we identified an extremely rare TREM2 coding variant, that is, a glycine-to-tryptophan substitution at amino acid position 145 (NM_018965.3:c.433G>T/p.[Gly145Trp]). This alteration is found in only 1 of 251,150 control alleles in gnomAD. It was present in both severely affected as well as in another putatively affected and one 61 years old as yet unaffected family member suggesting incomplete penetrance and/or a variable age of onset. Gly145 maps to an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of TREM2 between the immunoglobulin-like and transmembrane domain. Subsequent cellular studies showed that the variant led to IDR shortening and structural changes of the mutant protein resulting in an impairment of cellular responses upon receptor activation. Our results, suggest that a p.(Gly145Trp)-induced structural disturbance and functional impairment of TREM2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of an AD-like form of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marina Scheffold
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Movement Disorders Units, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Emmendingen and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Lennarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pau Pastor
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Movement Disorders Units, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Senarath K, Kankanamge D, Samaradivakara S, Ratnayake K, Tennakoon M, Karunarathne A. Regulation of G Protein βγ Signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:133-191. [PMID: 29776603 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) deliver external signals to the cell interior, upon activation by the external signal stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).While the activated GPCRs control several pathways independently, activated G proteins control the vast majority of cellular and physiological functions, ranging from vision to cardiovascular homeostasis. Activated GPCRs dissociate GαGDPβγ heterotrimer into GαGTP and free Gβγ. Earlier, GαGTP was recognized as the primary signal transducer of the pathway and Gβγ as a passive signaling modality that facilitates the activity of Gα. However, Gβγ later found to regulate more number of pathways than GαGTP does. Once liberated from the heterotrimer, free Gβγ interacts and activates a diverse range of signaling regulators including kinases, lipases, GTPases, and ion channels, and it does not require any posttranslation modifications. Gβγ family consists of 48 members, which show cell- and tissue-specific expressions, and recent reports show that cells employ the subtype diversity in Gβγ to achieve desired signaling outcomes. In addition to activated GPCRs, which induce free Gβγ generation and the rate of GTP hydrolysis in Gα, which sequester Gβγ in the heterotrimer, terminating Gβγ signaling, additional regulatory mechanisms exist to regulate Gβγ activity. In this chapter, we discuss structure and function, subtype diversity and its significance in signaling regulation, effector activation, regulatory mechanisms as well as the disease relevance of Gβγ in eukaryotes.
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