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Abu-Baih RH, Abu-Baih DH, Abdel-Hafez SMN, Fathy M. Activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Beclin-1/AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathways by eprosartan ameliorates testicular dysfunction induced by testicular torsion in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12566. [PMID: 38822026 PMCID: PMC11143266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion carries the ominous prospect of inducing acute scrotal distress and the perilous consequence of testicular atrophy, necessitating immediate surgical intervention to reinstate vital testicular perfusion, notwithstanding the paradoxical detrimental impact of reperfusion. Although no drugs have secured approval for this urgent circumstance, antioxidants emerge as promising candidates. This study aspires to illustrate the influence of eprosartan, an AT1R antagonist, on testicular torsion in rats. Wistar albino rats were meticulously separated into five groups, (n = 6): sham group, eprosartan group, testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, and two groups of T/D treated with two oral doses of eprosartan (30 or 60 mg/kg). Serum testosterone, sperm analysis and histopathological examination were done to evaluate spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress markers were assessed. Bax, BCL-2, SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1 besides cleaved caspase-3 testicular contents were estimated using ELISA or qRT-PCR. As autophagy markers, SQSTM-1/p62, Beclin-1, mTOR and AMPK were investigated. Our findings highlight that eprosartan effectively improved serum testosterone levels, testicular weight, and sperm count/motility/viability, while mitigating histological irregularities and sperm abnormalities induced by T/D. This recovery in testicular function was underpinned by the activation of the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, which curtailed testicular oxidative stress, indicated by lowering the MDA content and increasing GSH content. In terms of apoptosis, eprosartan effectively countered apoptotic processes by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 content, suppressing Bax and stimulating Bcl-2 gene expression. Simultaneously, it reactivated impaired autophagy by increasing Beclin-1 expression, decreasing the expression of SQSTM-1/p62 and modulate the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR proteins. Eprosartan hold promise for managing testicular dysfunction arising from testicular torsion exerting antioxidant, pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effect via the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 as well as Beclin-1/AMPK/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania H Abu-Baih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Information Center, Minia University, Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Dalia H Abu-Baih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, 61111, Egypt
- Deraya Center for Scientific Research, Deraya University, Minya, 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya, 61519, Egypt.
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Fu C, Liu X, Hou X, Niu H, Li T, Guo C, Li A, Chen B, Jin X. Diabetes and vascular mild cognitive impairment among Chinese ≥50 years: A cross-sectional study with 2020 participants. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3477. [PMID: 38680021 PMCID: PMC11056693 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the decline of cognitive function in vascular cognitive impairment, the burden on the family and society will increase. Therefore, early identification of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is crucial. The focus of early identification of VaMCI is on the attention of risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes and VaMCI among the Chinese, hoping to predict the risk of VaMCI by diabetes and to move the identification of vascular cognitive impairment forward. METHODS We collected data from seven clinical centers and nine communities in China. All participants were over 50 years of age and had cognitive complaints. We collected basic information of the participants, and cognitive function was professionally assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and VaMCI. RESULTS A total of 2020 participants were included, including 1140 participants with VaMCI and 880 participants with normal cognition. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age, heavy smoking, and diabetes had a positive correlation with VaMCI. At the same time, being married, high education, and light smoking had a negative correlation with VaMCI. After correction, only diabetes (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.05) had a positive correlation with VaMCI, and high education (OR = 0.60, 95% CI:.45-.81, p = 0.001) had a negative correlation with VaMCI. CONCLUSION In our study, we found that diabetes had a positive correlation with VaMCI, and high education had a negative correlation with VaMCI. Therefore, early identification and timely intervention of diabetes may reduce the risk of VaMCI and achieve early prevention of VaMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wenna Liu
- Clinical Trial InstitutionDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Chen Fu
- Central LaboratoryDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central LaboratoryDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobing Hou
- Department of NeurologyBeijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Huanmin Niu
- Department of NeurologyBeijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of GerontologyShanxi Traditional Chinese Medicinal HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Aixun Li
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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3
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Al-Saidi A, Alzaim IF, Hammoud SH, Al Arab G, Abdalla S, Mougharbil N, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Interruption of perivascular and perirenal adipose tissue thromboinflammation rescues prediabetic cardioautonomic and renovascular deterioration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:289-308. [PMID: 38381744 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular and renovascular complications of metabolic deterioration are associated with localized adipose tissue dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that metabolic impairment delineated the heightened vulnerability of both the perivascular (PVAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) depots to hypoxia and inflammation, predisposing to cardioautonomic, vascular and renal deterioration. Interventions either addressing underlying metabolic disturbances or halting adipose tissue dysfunction rescued the observed pathological and functional manifestations. Several lines of evidence implicate adipose tissue thromboinflammation, which entails the activation of the proinflammatory properties of the blood clotting cascade, in the pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Despite offering valuable tools to interrupt the thromboinflammatory cycle, there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding the potential pleiotropic effects of anticoagulant drugs on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular function. As such, a systemic investigation of the consequences of PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation and its interruption in the context of metabolic disease has not been attempted. Here, using an established prediabetic rat model, we demonstrate that metabolic disturbances are associated with PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation in addition to cardioautonomic, vascular and renal functional decline. Administration of rivaroxaban, a FXa inhibitor, reduced PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation and ameliorated the cardioautonomic, vascular and renal deterioration associated with prediabetes. Our present work outlines the involvement of PVAT and PRAT thromboinflammation during early metabolic derangement and offers novel perspectives into targeting adipose tissue thrombo-inflammatory pathways for the management its complications in future translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Al-Saidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim F Alzaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghida Al Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samaya Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Matrouh, Egypt
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4
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AlZaim I, El-Nikhely N, Al-Saidi A, Mougharbil N, Darwiche N, Abou-Kheir W, El-Yazbi AF. Periprostatic adipose tissue thromboinflammation triggers prostatic neoplasia in early metabolic impairment: Interruption by rivaroxaban. Life Sci 2023; 334:122225. [PMID: 38084675 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prostate cancer is among the highest incidence malignancies in men with a prevalence rate increasing in parallel to the rising global trends in metabolic disorders. Whereas a sizeable body of evidence links metabolic impairment to negative prognosis of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying this connection has not been thoroughly examined. Our previous work showed that localized adipose tissue inflammation occurring in select adipose depots in early metabolic derangement instigated significant molecular, structural, and functional alterations in neighboring tissues underlying the complications observed at this stage. In this context, the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) constitutes an understudied microenvironment with potential influence on the prostatic milieu. MAIN METHODS AND RESULTS We show that PPAT inflammation occurs in early prediabetes with signs of increased thrombogenic activity including enhanced expression and function of Factor X. This was mirrored by early neoplastic alterations in the prostate with fibrosis, increased epithelial thickness with marked luminal cellular proliferation and enhanced formation of intraepithelial neoplasia. Significantly, interruption of the procoagulant state in PPAT by a 10-day anticoagulant rivaroxaban treatment not only mitigated PPAT inflammation, but also reduced signs of prostatic neoplastic changes. Moreover, rivaroxaban decreased the murine PLum-AD epithelial prostatic cell viability, proliferation, migration, and colony forming capacity, while increasing oxidative stress. A protease-activated receptor-2 agonist reversed some of these effects. SIGNIFICANCE We provide some evidence of a molecular framework for the crosstalk between PPAT and prostatic tissue leading to early neoplastic changes in metabolic impairment mediated by upregulation of PPAT thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Aya Al-Saidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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5
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Arab HH, Fikry EM, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Al-Hossaini AM, Saad MA, Al-Shorbagy MY, Eid AH. Stimulation of Autophagy by Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats: The Role of AMPK/mTOR and SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1006. [PMID: 37513918 PMCID: PMC10386496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that triggers testicular dysfunction. Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor with notable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic features. It has shown marked cardio-, reno-, hepato-, and neuroprotective effects. Yet, its effect on Cd-evoked testicular impairment has not been examined. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the potential positive effect of dapagliflozin against Cd-induced testicular dysfunction in rats, with an emphasis on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative insult. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) was given by oral gavage, and testicular dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and biomolecular events were studied via immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and ELISA. The current findings demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved relative testicular weight, serum testosterone, and sperm count/motility and reduced sperm abnormalities, signifying mitigation of testicular impairment and spermatogenesis disruption. Moreover, dapagliflozin attenuated Cd-induced histological abnormalities and preserved testicular structure. The testicular function recovery was prompted by stimulating the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, lowering the testicular oxidative changes, and augmenting cellular antioxidants. As regards apoptosis, dapagliflozin counteracted the apoptotic machinery by downregulating the pro-apoptotic signals together with Bcl-2 upregulation. Meanwhile, dapagliflozin reactivated the impaired autophagy, as seen by a lowered accumulation of SQSTM-1/p62 and Beclin 1 upregulation. In the same context, the testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway was stimulated as evidenced by the increased p-AMPK (Ser487)/total AMPK ratio alongside the lowered p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR ratio. Together, the favorable mitigation of Cd-induced testicular impairment/disrupted spermatogenesis was driven by the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic actions of dapagliflozin. Thus, it could serve as a tool for the management of Cd-evoked testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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6
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Ibeh S, Bakkar NMZ, Ahmad F, Nwaiwu J, Barsa C, Mekhjian S, Reslan MA, Eid AH, Harati H, Nabha S, Mechref Y, El-Yazbi AF, Kobeissy F. High fat diet exacerbates long-term metabolic, neuropathological, and behavioral derangements in an experimental mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Life Sci 2023; 314:121316. [PMID: 36565814 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a serious public health concern. Although TBI targets the brain, it can exert several systemic effects which can worsen the complications observed in TBI subjects. Currently, there is no FDA-approved therapy available for its treatment. Thus, there has been an increasing need to understand other factors that could modulate TBI outcomes. Among the factors involved are diet and lifestyle. High-fat diets (HFD), rich in saturated fat, have been associated with adverse effects on brain health. MAIN METHODS To study this phenomenon, an experimental mouse model of open head injury, induced by the controlled cortical impact was used along with high-fat feeding to evaluate the impact of HFD on brain injury outcomes. Mice were fed HFD for a period of two months where several neurological, behavioral, and molecular outcomes were assessed to investigate the impact on chronic consequences of the injury 30 days post-TBI. KEY FINDINGS Two months of HFD feeding, together with TBI, led to a notable metabolic, neurological, and behavioral impairment. HFD was associated with increased blood glucose and fat-to-lean ratio. Spatial learning and memory, as well as motor coordination, were all significantly impaired. Notably, HFD aggravated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Also, cell proliferation post-TBI was repressed by HFD, which was accompanied by an increased lesion volume. SIGNIFICANCE Our research indicated that chronic HFD feeding can worsen functional outcomes, predispose to neurodegeneration, and decrease brain recovery post-TBI. This sheds light on the clinical impact of HFD on TBI pathophysiology and rehabilitation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ibeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Judith Nwaiwu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Deparment of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarine Mekhjian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Amine Reslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Deparment of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Al-Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
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7
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Chen SL, Li CM, Li W, Liu QS, Hu SY, Zhao MY, Hu DS, Hao YW, Zeng JH, Zhang Y. How autophagy, a potential therapeutic target, regulates intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087677. [PMID: 37168865 PMCID: PMC10165000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestines, with the primary types including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The link between autophagy, a catabolic mechanism in which cells clear protein aggregates and damaged organelles, and intestinal health has been widely studied. Experimental animal studies and human clinical studies have revealed that autophagy is pivotal for intestinal homeostasis maintenance, gut ecology regulation and other aspects. However, few articles have summarized and discussed the pathways by which autophagy improves or exacerbates IBD. Here, we review how autophagy alleviates IBD through the specific genes (e.g., ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2 and LRRK2), crosstalk of multiple phenotypes with autophagy (e.g., Interaction of autophagy with endoplasmic reticulum stress, intestinal antimicrobial defense and apoptosis) and autophagy-associated signaling pathways. Moreover, we briefly discuss the role of autophagy in colorectal cancer and current status of autophagy-based drug research for IBD. It should be emphasized that autophagy has cell-specific and environment-specific effects on the gut. One of the problems of IBD research is to understand how autophagy plays a role in intestinal tract under specific environmental factors. A better understanding of the mechanism of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of IBD will provide references for the development of therapeutic drugs and disease management for IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang-Yuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Sen Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chengdu Xinan Women’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
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8
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Ni MH, Li ZY, Sun Q, Yu Y, Yang Y, Hu B, Ma T, Xie H, Li SN, Tao LQ, Yuan DX, Zhu JL, Yan LF, Cui GB. Neurovascular decoupling measured with quantitative susceptibility mapping is associated with cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5336-5346. [PMID: 36310091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Disturbance of neurovascular coupling (NVC) is suggested to be one potential mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, NVC evidence derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging ignores the relationship of neuronal activity with vascular injury. Twenty-seven T2DM patients without MCI and thirty healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Brain regions with changed susceptibility detected by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) were used as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. NVC coefficients were estimated using combined degree centrality (DC) with susceptibility or cerebral blood flow (CBF). Partial correlations between neuroimaging indicators and cognitive decline were investigated. In T2DM group, higher susceptibility values in right hippocampal gyrus (R.PHG) were found and were negatively correlated with Naming Ability of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. FC increased remarkably between R.PHG and right middle temporal gyrus (R.MTG), right calcarine gyrus (R.CAL). Both NVC coefficients (DC-QSM and DC-CBF) reduced in R.PHG and increased in R.MTG and R.CAL. Both NVC coefficients in R.PHG and R.MTG increased with the improvement of cognitive ability, especially for executive function. These demonstrated that QSM and DC-QSM coefficients can be promising biomarkers for early evaluation of cognitive decline in T2DM patients and help to better understand the mechanism of NVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Ni
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Middle Section of Shiji Road, Xian yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Si-Ning Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University , 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016 , China
| | - Lan-Qiu Tao
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Ding-Xin Yuan
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
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9
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Ge X, Wang L, Fei A, Ye S, Zhang Q. Research progress on the relationship between autophagy and chronic complications of diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:956344. [PMID: 36003645 PMCID: PMC9393249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.956344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease whose hyperglycemic state can induce diverse complications and even threaten human health and life security. Currently, the treatment of diabetes is restricted to drugs that regulate blood glucose and have certain accompanying side effects. Autophagy, a research hotspot, has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of the chronic complications of diabetes. Autophagy, as an essential organismal defense mechanism, refers to the wrapping of cytoplasmic proteins, broken organelles or pathogens by vesicles, which are then degraded by lysosomes to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment. Here, we review the relevant aspects of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diabetic chronic complications, and further analyze the impact of improving autophagy on diabetic chronic complications, which will contribute to a new direction for further prevention and treatment of diabetic chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aihua Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
| | - Qingping Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
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10
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Fares SA, Bakkar NMZ, El-Yazbi AF. Predictive Capacity of Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability for Cardioautonomic and Vascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Challenge. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902582. [PMID: 35814210 PMCID: PMC9263356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients present established cardiovascular disease at the onset of diagnostic metabolic symptoms. While premature autonomic and vascular deterioration considered risk factors for major cardiovascular complications of diabetes, present in initial stages of metabolic impairment, their early detection remains a significant challenge impeding timely intervention. In the present study, we examine the utility of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) parameters in capturing subtle changes in cardiac autonomic and vascular control distinguishing between various risk categories, independent of the average BP. A rat model of mild hypercaloric (HC) intake was used to represent the insidious cardiovascular changes associated with early metabolic impairment. Invasive hemodynamics were used to collect beat-to-beat BP time series in rats of either sex with different durations of exposure to the HC diet. Linear (standard deviation and coefficient of variation) and nonlinear (approximate entropy, ApEn, and self-correlation of detrended fluctuation analysis, α) BPV parameters were calculated to assess the impact of early metabolic impairment across sexes and feeding durations. HC-fed male, but not female, rats developed increased fat:lean ratio as well as hyperinsulinemia. Unlike linear parameters, multivariate analysis showed that HC-fed rats possessed lower ApEn and higher α, consistent with early changes in heart rate variability and blunting of parasympathetic baroreceptor sensitivity, particularly in males. Moreover, logistic regression demonstrated the superiority of nonlinear parameters of diastolic BPV in predicting a prediabetic disease state. Our findings support the use of nonlinear beat-to-beat BPV for early detection of cardiovascular derangements in the initial stages of metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha A. Fares
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nour-Mounira Z. Bakkar
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed F. El-Yazbi,
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11
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Mechanisms underlying the effects of caloric restriction on hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Fakih W, Zeitoun R, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Kobeissy F, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Early metabolic impairment as a contributor to neurodegenerative disease: Mechanisms and potential pharmacological intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:982-993. [PMID: 35470973 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome comprises a family of clinical and laboratory findings, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension, in addition to central obesity. The syndrome confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality. Indeed, metabolic dysfunction has been shown to cause a direct insult to smooth muscle and endothelial components of the vasculature, which leads to vascular dysfunction and hyperreactivity. This, in turn, causes cerebral vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion, eventually contributing to cognitive deficits. Moreover, the metabolic syndrome disrupts key homeostatic processes in the brain, including apoptosis, autophagy, and neurogenesis. Impairment of such processes in the context of metabolic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role that the metabolic syndrome plays in the pathogenesis of the latter disorders, with a focus on the role of perivascular adipose inflammation in the peripheral-to-central transduction of the inflammatory insult. This review delineates common signaling pathways that contribute to these pathologies. Moreover, the role of therapeutic agents aimed at treating the metabolic syndrome, as well as their risk factors that interfere with the aforementioned pathways, are discussed as potential interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Fakih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, Egypt
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13
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Shan Z, Fa WH, Tian CR, Yuan CS, Jie N. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2902-2919. [PMID: 35332108 PMCID: PMC9004550 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is associated with inflammatory bowels diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even a spectrum of cancer such as colon cancer and liver cancer, resulting in a substantial healthcare burden on our society. Autophagy is a key regulator in metabolic homeostasis such as lipid metabolism, energy management and the balance of cellular mineral substances. Mitophagy is selective autophagy for clearing the damaged mitochondria and dysfunctional mitochondria. A myriad of evidence has demonstrated a major role of mitophagy in the regulation of type 2 diabetes and metabolic homeostasis. It is well established that defective mitophagy has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, insulin resistance is further progressed to various diseases such as nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Concordantly, restoration of mitophagy will be a reliable and therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Recently, various phytochemicals have been proved to prevent dysfunctions of β-cells by mitophagy inductions during diabetes developments. In agreement with the above phenomenon, mitophagy inducers should be warranted as potential and novel therapeutic agents for treating diabetes. This review focuses on the role of mitophagy in type 2 diabetes relevant diseases and the pharmacological basis and therapeutic potential of autophagy regulators in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong Fa
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Run Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Shi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Jie
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
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14
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Wolf V, Abdul Y, Ergul A. Novel Targets and Interventions for Cognitive Complications of Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 12:815758. [PMID: 35058808 PMCID: PMC8764363 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.815758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, often coexist in individuals over 65 years of age. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment/dementia (VCID) are the second leading cause of dementias under the umbrella of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Over half of dementia patients have VCID either as a single pathology or a mixed dementia with AD. While the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with dementia can be as high as 39% and diabetes increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease and stroke, VCID remains to be one of the less understood and less studied complications of diabetes. We have identified cerebrovascular dysfunction and compromised endothelial integrity leading to decreased cerebral blood flow and iron deposition into the brain, respectively, as targets for intervention for the prevention of VCID in diabetes. This review will focus on targeted therapies that improve endothelial function or remove iron without systemic effects, such as agents delivered intranasally, that may result in actionable and disease-modifying novel treatments in the high-risk diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wolf
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Yasir Abdul
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Yasir Abdul,
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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15
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16
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Dwaib HS, Ajouz G, AlZaim I, Rafeh R, Mroueh A, Mougharbil N, Ragi ME, Refaat M, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigates Perivascular Adipose Inflammation-Induced Cardiovascular Consequences in Early Metabolic Impairment. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023227. [PMID: 34873915 PMCID: PMC9075232 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The complexity of the interaction between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular complications has long been recognized to extend beyond simple perturbations of blood glucose levels. Yet, structured interventions targeting the root pathologies are not forthcoming. Growing evidence implicates the inflammatory changes occurring in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as early instigators of cardiovascular deterioration. Methods and Results We used a nonobese prediabetic rat model with localized PVAT inflammation induced by hypercaloric diet feeding, which dilutes inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to energy ratio by 50%, to investigate whether Pi supplementation ameliorates the early metabolic impairment. A 12‐week Pi supplementation at concentrations equivalent to and twice as much as that in the control diet was performed. The localized PVAT inflammation was reversed in a dose‐dependent manner. The increased expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein1), HIF‐1α (hypoxia inducible factor‐1α), and IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β), representing the hallmark of PVAT inflammation in this rat model, were reversed, with normalization of PVAT macrophage polarization. Pi supplementation restored the metabolic efficiency consistent with its putative role as an UCP1 inhibitor. Alongside, parasympathetic autonomic and cerebrovascular dysfunction function observed in the prediabetic model was reversed, together with the mitigation of multiple molecular and histological cardiovascular damage markers. Significantly, a Pi‐deficient control diet neither induced PVAT inflammation nor cardiovascular dysfunction, whereas Pi reinstatement in the diet after a 10‐week exposure to a hypercaloric low‐Pi diet ameliorated the dysfunction. Conclusions Our present results propose Pi supplementation as a simple intervention to reverse PVAT inflammation and its early cardiovascular consequences, possibly through the interference with hypercaloric‐induced increase in UCP1 expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ghina Ajouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ali Mroueh
- INSERM UMR 1260 Regenerative Nanomedicine FMTSUniversity of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marie-Elizabeth Ragi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marwan Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Alamein International University Alamein Egypt
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17
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Alster P, Dunalska A, Migda B, Madetko N, Królicki L. The Rate of Decrease in Brain Perfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome May Be Impacted by Glycemic Variability-A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:767480. [PMID: 34819913 PMCID: PMC8606811 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.767480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are tauopathic parkinsonian syndromes, presently lacking disease-modifying treatments. Patients affected by these diseases suffer due to multidimensional deteriorations resulting in motor and cognitive impairment. Previously published research has confirmed risk factors that may impact the course of PSP and CBS, among them hypertension and diabetes. Less data is available regarding prediabetes and glycemic variability. In this study, 26 patients with clinical diagnoses of PSP and CBS were examined using glycated hemoglobin and perfusion single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Patients were divided into two groups-PSP/CBS patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) below and above 5.7%. The results of the perfusion evaluation were compared with the values from healthy volunteers from the software's database. A decrease in perfusion in certain regions of interest was observed among patients affected by increased glycemic variability. A more pronounced decrement in perfusion was observed only in some regions of interest-the hippocampus, pons, left thalamus, right insula. The results indicated that, among PSP/CBS patients, individuals with more pronounced glycemic variability had more severe hypoperfusion in certain brain regions in comparison with PSP/CBS patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Due to the fact that PSP and CBS are associated with cognitive impairment, an additional decrease in perfusion in the hippocampal area may impact the rate of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dunalska
- Students' Scientific Circle of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Migda
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Lab, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Królicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Yuki-Nozaki S, Abe C, Mori A, Horimoto M, Yokogawa M, Ishida N, Suga Y, Ishizaki J, Ishimiya M, Nakamura H, Komai K, Nakamura H, Shibata M, Ohara T, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Yamada M. Diabetes Mellitus, Elevated Hemoglobin A1c, and Glycated Albumin Are Associated with the Presence of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The JPSC-AD Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:235-247. [PMID: 34806607 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose dysmetabolism is an important risk factor for dementia. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of diabetes mellitus, the levels of glycemic measures, and insulin resistance and secretion measures with dementia and its subtypes in a cross-sectional study. METHODS In this study, 10,214 community-dwelling participants were enrolled. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the HOMA of percent β-cell function (HOMA-β), and the glycated albumin (GA) was evaluated. The associations of each measure with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were investigated. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of AD were significantly higher in participants with diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes (1.46 [95% CI: 1.08-1.97]). Higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with AD at diabetes (≥6.5%) and even at prediabetes (5.7 %-6.4 %) levels; multivariable-adjusted ORs for AD in participants at the diabetes level were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.19-2.49), and those in participants at the prediabetes level were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.00-1.68), compared with those in normal participants. Moreover, higher GA levels were associated with AD. No associations were observed between the diabetic status or the levels of glycemic measures and VaD. In addition, no significant relationships were observed between insulin resistance and secretion measurements and AD and VaD. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are significantly associated with AD, even in individuals at the prediabetes level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sohshi Yuki-Nozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiemi Abe
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mai Horimoto
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masami Yokogawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ishida
- Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Suga
- Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junko Ishizaki
- Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mai Ishimiya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ryukyu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Komai
- Department of Neurology, Hokuriku Brain and Neuromuscular Disease Center, National Hospital Organization Iou National Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.,Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Memory impairment and depressive-like phenotype are accompanied by downregulation of hippocampal insulin and BDNF signaling pathways in prediabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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The pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the metabolic-cardiovascular-neurodegenerative disease continuum: impact beyond reduced clotting. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1015-1051. [PMID: 33881143 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic drugs are widely used for primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment of many cardiovascular disorders. Over the past few decades, major advances in the pharmacology of these agents have been made with the introduction of new drug classes as novel therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial outcomes of some of these antithrombotic agents are not solely related to their ability to reduce thrombosis. Here, we review the evidence supporting established and potential pleiotropic effects of four novel classes of antithrombotic drugs, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12-receptor antagonists, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor Inhibitors, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), which include Direct Factor Xa (FXa) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Specifically, we discuss the molecular evidence supporting such pleiotropic effects in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, cardiac injury, stroke, and arrhythmia. Importantly, we highlight the role of DOACs in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated cardiovascular derangements. We also postulate that DOACs modulate perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and thus, may reverse cardiovascular dysfunction early in the course of the metabolic syndrome. In this regard, we argue that some antithrombotic agents can reverse the neurovascular damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain and following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, we attempt to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the less-recognized, beneficial molecular aspects of antithrombotic therapy beyond reduced thrombus formation. We also make a solid argument for the need of further mechanistic analysis of the pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the future.
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Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626313. [PMID: 33897419 PMCID: PMC8062864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets. Evidence indicates that diet-induced CMS is linked to Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This led to the proposal that adipose inflammation may be involved in metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, as well as the contribution to the inflammatory process predisposing patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in the absence of direct pharmacological interventions for the subclinical phase of CMS, time restricted feeding regimens were anticipated to alleviate early metabolic damage and subsequent comorbidities. These regimens, referred to as intermittent fasting (IF), showed a strong positive impact on the metabolic state of obese and non-obese human subjects and animal models, positive AT remodeling in face of overnutrition and high fat diet (HFD) consumption, and improved CV outcomes. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the role of adipose inflammation in triggering cardiovascular impairment in the context of diet induced CMS with an emphasis on the involvement of perivascular adipose tissue. As well, we propose some possible molecular pathways linking intermittent fasting to the ameliorative effect on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction under such circumstances. We highlight a number of targets, whose function changes in perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and could be modified by intermittent fasting acting as a novel approach to ameliorate the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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23
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Mougharbil N, Koubar S, Eid AH, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF. Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114491. [PMID: 33647265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Here, we extend our prior research work implicating localized inflammation in specific adipose depots in initiating cardiovascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment. Non-obese prediabetic rats showed elevated glomerular filtration rates and mild proteinuria in absence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and signs of systemic inflammation. Isolated perfused kidneys from these rats showed impaired renovascular endothelial feedback in response to vasopressors and increased flow. While endothelium dependent dilation remained functional, renovascular relaxation in prediabetic rats was not mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins as in control tissues, but rather an upregulation of the function of epoxy eicosatrienoic acids was observed. This was coupled with signs of peri-renal adipose tissue (PRAT) inflammation and renal structural damage. A two-week treatment with non-hypoglycemic doses of metformin or pioglitazone, shown previously to ameliorate adipose inflammation, not only reversed PRAT inflammation in prediabetic rats, but also reversed the observed functional, renovascular, and structural renal abnormalities. The present results suggest that peri-renal adipose inflammation triggers renal dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Koubar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt.
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Arab HH, Al-Shorbagy MY, Saad MA. Activation of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis by dapagliflozin attenuates experimental inflammatory bowel disease in rats: Targeting AMPK/mTOR, HMGB1/RAGE and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 335:109368. [PMID: 33412153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has featured marked anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of myocardial infarction, renal injury, and neuroinflammation. Yet, its potential impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has not been previously investigated. The presented study aimed to explore the prospect of dapagliflozin to mitigate 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model which recapitulates several features of the human IBD. The molecular mechanisms pertaining to the dynamic balance between autophagy/apoptosis and colon injury were delineated, particularly, AMPK/mTOR, HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The colon tissues were examined using immunoblotting, ELISA, and histopathology. Dapagliflozin (0.1, 1 and 5 mg/kg; p.o.) dose-dependently mitigated colitis severity as manifested by suppression of the disease activity scores, macroscopic damage scores, colon weight/length ratio, histopathologic perturbations, and inflammatory markers. More important, dapagliflozin enhanced colonic autophagy via upregulating Beclin 1 and downregulating p62 SQSTM1 protein expression. In this context, dapagliflozin activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway by increasing the p-AMPK/AMPK and lowering the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios, thereby, favoring autophagy. Moreover, dapagliflozin dampened the colonic apoptosis via lowering the caspase-3 activity, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, dapagliflozin attenuated the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway via lowering HMGB1, RAGE, and p-NF-κBp65 protein expression. Regarding oxidative stress, dapagliflozin lowered the oxidative stress markers and augmented the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Together, the present study reveals, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of dapagliflozin against experimental colitis via augmenting colonic autophagy and curbing apoptosis through activation of AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways and suppression of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Arab HH, Gad AM, Reda E, Yahia R, Eid AH. Activation of autophagy by sitagliptin attenuates cadmium-induced testicular impairment in rats: Targeting AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Life Sci 2021; 269:119031. [PMID: 33453244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that incurs deleterious health effects, including testicular impairment. Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has demonstrated marked cardio-, hepato-, and reno-protective actions, however, its impact on Cd-triggered testicular dysfunction has not been formerly investigated. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the probable beneficial impact of sitagliptin against Cd-evoked testicular impairment which may add to its potential clinical utility. The underlying mechanisms pertaining to the balance between testicular autophagy and apoptosis were explored, including the AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The testicular tissues were examined using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. Sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, by gavage) was administered for 4 consecutive weeks. KEY FINDINGS Sitagliptin attenuated the testicular impairment via improvement of the relative testicular weight, sperm count/motility, sperm abnormalities, and serum testosterone. Additionally, sitagliptin counteracted Cd-induced histologic aberrations/disrupted spermatogenesis. Interestingly, sitagliptin augmented the defective autophagy as demonstrated by upregulating Beclin 1 protein expression and lowering p62 SQSTM1 protein accumulation. These effects were mediated via the activation of testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway as proven by increasing p-AMPK (Ser485, Ser491)/total AMPK and diminishing p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR protein expression. Additionally, sitagliptin suppressed the testicular apoptotic events via downregulating Bax and upregulating Bcl-2 protein expression. In tandem, sitagliptin suppressed the oxidative stress through lowering lipid peroxides and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway via upregulating the protein expression of Nrf2, and the downstream effectors HO-1 and GPx. SIGNIFICANCE Sitagliptin attenuated Cd-induced testicular injury via boosting the autophagy/apoptosis ratio through activation of AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enji Reda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rania Yahia
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
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Bakkar NMZ, Dwaib HS, Fares S, Eid AH, Al-Dhaheri Y, El-Yazbi AF. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: A Progressive Consequence of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9005. [PMID: 33260799 PMCID: PMC7730941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the earliest complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), presenting a silent cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent research relates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in T2D to an ensuing chronic, low-grade proinflammatory and pro-oxidative environment, being the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic inflammation emerges as adipose tissue inflammatory changes extending systemically, on the advent of hyperglycemia, to reach central regions of the brain. In light of changes in glucose and insulin homeostasis, dysbiosis or alteration of the gut microbiome (GM) emerges, further contributing to inflammatory processes through increased gut and blood-brain barrier permeability. Interestingly, studies reveal that the determinants of oxidative stress and inflammation progression exist at the crossroad of CAN manifestations, dictating their evolution along the natural course of T2D development. Indeed, sympathetic and parasympathetic deterioration was shown to correlate with markers of adipose, vascular, and systemic inflammation. Additionally, evidence points out that dysbiosis could promote a sympatho-excitatory state through differentially affecting the secretion of hormones and neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and acting along the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Emerging neuronal inflammation and concomitant autophagic defects in brainstem nuclei were described as possible underlying mechanisms of CAN in experimental models of metabolic syndrome and T2D. Drugs with anti-inflammatory characteristics provide potential avenues for targeting pathways involved in CAN initiation and progression. The aim of this review is to delineate the etiology of CAN in the context of a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated oxidative and inflammatory load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Mounira Z. Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.-M.Z.B.); (H.S.D.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.-M.Z.B.); (H.S.D.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Souha Fares
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.-M.Z.B.); (H.S.D.); (A.H.E.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Yusra Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.-M.Z.B.); (H.S.D.); (A.H.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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27
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Bakkar NMZ, Mougharbil N, Mroueh A, Kaplan A, Eid AH, Fares S, Zouein FA, El-Yazbi AF. Worsening baroreflex sensitivity on progression to type 2 diabetes: localized vs. systemic inflammation and role of antidiabetic therapy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E835-E851. [PMID: 32865011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00145.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an early cardiovascular manifestation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, its underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We recently showed that localized perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) inflammation underlies the incidence of parasympathetic CAN in prediabetes. Here, we extend our investigation to provide a mechanistic framework for the evolution of autonomic impairment as the metabolic insult worsens. Early metabolic dysfunction was induced in rats fed a mild hypercaloric diet. Two low-dose streptozotocin injections were used to evoke a state of late decompensated T2D. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed by invasive measurement of baroreflex sensitivity using the vasoactive method. Progression into T2D was associated with aggravation of CAN to include both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms. Unlike prediabetic rats, T2D rats showed markers of brainstem neuronal injury and inflammation as well as increased serum levels of IL-1β. Experiments on PC12 cells differentiated into sympathetic-like neurons demonstrated that brainstem injury observed in T2D rats resulted from exposure to possible proinflammatory mediators in rat serum rather than a direct effect of the altered metabolic profile. CAN and the associated cardiovascular damage in T2D only responded to combined treatment with insulin to manage hyperglycemia in addition to a nonhypoglycemic dose of metformin or pioglitazone providing an anti-inflammatory effect, coincident with the effect of these combinations on serum IL-1β. Our present results indicate that CAN worsening upon progression to T2D involves brainstem inflammatory changes likely triggered by systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Mroueh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Souha Fares
- Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Shaito A, Hasan H, Habashy KJ, Fakih W, Abdelhady S, Ahmad F, Zibara K, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF, Kobeissy FH. Western diet aggravates neuronal insult in post-traumatic brain injury: Proposed pathways for interplay. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102829. [PMID: 32574954 PMCID: PMC7317220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health burden and a major cause of disability and mortality. An early cascade of physical and structural damaging events starts immediately post-TBI. This primary injury event initiates a series of neuropathological molecular and biochemical secondary injury sequelae, that last much longer and involve disruption of cerebral metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and can lead to neuronal damage and death. Coupled to these events, recent studies have shown that lifestyle factors, including diet, constitute additional risk affecting TBI consequences and neuropathophysiological outcomes. There exists molecular cross-talk among the pathways involved in neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, and behavioral outcomes, that are shared among western diet (WD) intake and TBI pathophysiology. As such, poor dietary intake would be expected to exacerbate the secondary damage in TBI. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological consequences of WD that can lead to the exacerbation of TBI outcomes. We dissect the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury in this context. We show that currently available data conclude that intake of a diet saturated in fats, pre- or post-TBI, aggravates TBI, precludes recovery from brain trauma, and reduces the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Walaa Fakih
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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