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Elmansoury N, Megahed AA, Kamal A, El-Nikhely N, Labane M, Abdelmageed M, Daly AK, Wahid A. Relevance of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, and GCKR Variants to MASLD Severity in an Egyptian Population. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:455. [PMID: 38674389 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a frequent clinical condition globally. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD have been proposed in the literature and based on bioinformatic screening. The association between NAFLD and genetic variants in Egyptians is still unclear. Hence, we sought to investigate the association of some genetic variants with NAFLD in Egyptians. Egyptians have been categorized into either the MASLD group (n = 205) or the healthy control group (n = 187). The severity of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis was assessed by a Fibroscan device. TaqMan-based genotyping assays were employed to explore the association of selected SNPs with MASLD. PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant is associated with the presence of MASLD with liver fibrosis, the severity of both hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased alanine aminotransferase (all p < 0.05), while the TM6SF2 rs58542926 C>T, HSD17B13 rs9992651 G>A, and GCKR rs1260326 T>C variants were not (all p > 0.05). The TM6SF2 rs58542926 T allele is associated with increased fasting blood glucose and a decreased waist circumference. The GCKR rs1260326 C allele is associated with decreased aspartate transaminase and diastolic blood pressure (all p < 0.05). Only after adjusting for the risk factors (age, sex, BMI, WC, HDL, TG, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) F2 liver fibrosis score is negatively correlated with the HSD17B13 rs9992651 GA genotype. This study offers evidence for the association of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant with MASLD among Egyptians and for the association of the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele, the TM6SF2 rs58542926 T allele, and the GCKR rs1260326 C allele with some parameters of cardiometabolic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Elmansoury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Megahed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Marina Labane
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdelmageed
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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AlZaim I, El-Nikhely N, Al-Saidi A, Mougharbil N, Darwiche N, Abou-Kheir W, El-Yazbi AF. Periprostatic adipose tissue thromboinflammation triggers prostatic neoplasia in early metabolic impairment: Interruption by rivaroxaban. Life Sci 2023; 334:122225. [PMID: 38084675 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prostate cancer is among the highest incidence malignancies in men with a prevalence rate increasing in parallel to the rising global trends in metabolic disorders. Whereas a sizeable body of evidence links metabolic impairment to negative prognosis of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying this connection has not been thoroughly examined. Our previous work showed that localized adipose tissue inflammation occurring in select adipose depots in early metabolic derangement instigated significant molecular, structural, and functional alterations in neighboring tissues underlying the complications observed at this stage. In this context, the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) constitutes an understudied microenvironment with potential influence on the prostatic milieu. MAIN METHODS AND RESULTS We show that PPAT inflammation occurs in early prediabetes with signs of increased thrombogenic activity including enhanced expression and function of Factor X. This was mirrored by early neoplastic alterations in the prostate with fibrosis, increased epithelial thickness with marked luminal cellular proliferation and enhanced formation of intraepithelial neoplasia. Significantly, interruption of the procoagulant state in PPAT by a 10-day anticoagulant rivaroxaban treatment not only mitigated PPAT inflammation, but also reduced signs of prostatic neoplastic changes. Moreover, rivaroxaban decreased the murine PLum-AD epithelial prostatic cell viability, proliferation, migration, and colony forming capacity, while increasing oxidative stress. A protease-activated receptor-2 agonist reversed some of these effects. SIGNIFICANCE We provide some evidence of a molecular framework for the crosstalk between PPAT and prostatic tissue leading to early neoplastic changes in metabolic impairment mediated by upregulation of PPAT thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Aya Al-Saidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Elkholy A, Avuthu N, Abdalla M, Behring M, Bajpai P, Kim HG, Header D, Abo Elwafa RAH, Saed H, Embaby A, El-Nikhely N, Obuya S, Mohamed M, Badawy AA, Nawar A, Afaq F, Rogers LQ, Bae S, Shikany JM, Bateman LB, Fouad M, Saleh M, Samuel T, Varambally S, Guda C, Arafat W, Manne U. Microbiome diversity in African American, European American, and Egyptian colorectal cancer patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18035. [PMID: 37483698 PMCID: PMC10362239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors. Thus, we investigated microbiome dysbiosis in Egyptian, African American (AA), and European American (EA) CRC patients. Patients and methods CRCs and their corresponding normal tissues from Egyptian (n = 17) patients of the Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt, and tissues from AA (n = 18) and EA (n = 19) patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were collected. DNA was isolated from frozen tissues, and the microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differential microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolic pathways were identified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analyses. Additionally, we compared these profiles with our previously published microbiome data derived from Kenyan CRC patients. Results Differential microbiome analysis of CRCs across all racial/ethnic groups showed dysbiosis. There were high abundances of Herbaspirillum and Staphylococcus in CRCs of Egyptians, Leptotrichia in CRCs of AAs, Flexspiria and Streptococcus in CRCs of EAs, and Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella nigrescens in CRCs of Kenyans (LDA score >4, adj. p-value <0.05). Functional analyses showed distinct microbial metabolic pathways in CRCs compared to normal tissues within the racial/ethnic groups. Egyptian CRCs, compared to normal tissues, showed lower l-methionine biosynthesis and higher galactose degradation pathways. Conclusions Our findings showed altered mucosa-associated microbiome profiles of CRCs and their metabolic pathways across racial/ethnic groups. These findings provide a basis for future studies to link racial/ethnic microbiome differences with distinct clinical behaviors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michael Behring
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Doaa Header
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reham AH. Abo Elwafa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah Obuya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Kesses, Kenya
| | - Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ashour Badawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nawar
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura Q. Rogers
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lori Brand Bateman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mona Fouad
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mansoor Saleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Waleed Arafat
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ghobrial DK, El-Nikhely N, Sheta E, Ragab HM, Rostom SAF, Saeed H, Wahid A. The Role of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-Based Kinase Inhibitors in The Attenuation of CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030637. [PMID: 36978885 PMCID: PMC10045301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver Fibrosis can be life-threatening if left untreated as it may lead to serious, incurable complications. The common therapeutic approach is to reverse the fibrosis while the intervention is still applicable. Celecoxib was shown to exhibit some antifibrotic properties in the induced fibrotic liver in rats. The present study aimed to investigate the possible antifibrotic properties in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in male Sprague–Dawley rats compared to celecoxib of three novel methoxylated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. The three newly synthesized compounds were proved to be safe candidates. They showed a therapeutic effect against severe CCl4-induced fibrosis but at different degrees. The three compounds were able to partially reverse hepatic architectural distortion and reduce the fibrotic severity by showing antioxidant properties reducing MDA with increasing GSH and SOD levels, remodeling the extracellular matrix proteins and liver enzymes balance, and reducing the level of proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and profibrogenic (TGF-β) cytokines. The results revealed that the dimethoxy-analog exhibited the greatest activity in all the previously mentioned parameters compared to celecoxib and the other two analogs which could be attributed to the different methoxylation patterns of the derivatives. Collectively, the dimethoxy-derivative could be considered a safe promising antifibrotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K. Ghobrial
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.K.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. F. Rostom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.K.G.); (A.W.)
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5
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Obuya S, Elkholy A, Avuthu N, Behring M, Bajpai P, Agarwal S, Kim HG, El-Nikhely N, Akinyi P, Orwa J, Afaq F, Abdalla M, Michael A, Farouk M, Bateman LB, Fouad M, Saleh M, Guda C, Manne U, Arafat W. A signature of Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii depletion, and a link with bacterial glutamate degradation in the Kenyan colorectal cancer patients. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2282-2292. [PMID: 36388691 PMCID: PMC9660062 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, CRC incidence rates tripled from 1997 to 2017. In the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, there has been an increase in CRC cases, notably for younger patients. A suggested pathobiology for this increase is gut microbiome dysbiosis. Since, for the Kenyan CRC patient population, microbiome studies are rare, there is a need for a better understanding of how microbiome dysbiosis influences CRC epidemiology in Kenya. In this single-center study, the focus was on profiling the gut microbiome of Kenyan CRC patients and healthy volunteers and evaluating associations between microbiome profiles and the age of CRC patients. METHODS The gut mucosa-associated microbiome of 18 CRC patients and 18 healthy controls were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed for alpha and beta diversity, differential abundance, and microbial metabolic profiling. RESULTS Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences, but beta diversity metrics showed dissimilarities in the microbial communities between CRC patients and healthy controls. The most underrepresented species in the CRC group were Prevotella copri (P. copri) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), although Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) and Prevotella nigrescens were overrepresented (linear discriminant analysis, LDA score >2, P<0.05). Also, for CRC patients, significant metagenomic functional alterations were evident in microbial glutamate metabolic pathways (L-glutamate degradation VIII was enriched, and L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis were diminished) (P<0.05, log2 Fold Change >1). Moreover, the microbiome composition was different for patients under 40 years of age compared to older patients (LDA score >2, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Microbiome and microbial metabolic profiles of CRC patients are different from those of healthy individuals. CRC microbiome dysbiosis, particularly P. copri and F. prausnitzii depletion and glutamate metabolic alterations, are evident in Kenyan CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Obuya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Kesses, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael Behring
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - James Orwa
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anwar Michael
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lori Brand Bateman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mona Fouad
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mansoor Saleh
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Waleed Arafat
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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El-Nikhely N, Karger A, Sarode P, Singh I, Weigert A, Wietelmann A, Stiewe T, Dammann R, Fink L, Grimminger F, Barreto G, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Rapp UR, Savai R. Correction: Metastasis-Associated Protein 2 Represses NF-κB to Reduce Lung Tumor Growth and Inflammation. Cancer Res 2022; 82:736. [PMID: 35180307 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Saeed H, Elsawy E, Shalaby M, Abdel-Fattah M, Hemida A, Eldoksh A, Ataya FS, Nematalla H, Elkewedi M, Labrou NN, El-Nikhely N. L-asparaginase from Dickeya chrysanthemi: expression, purification and cytotoxicity assessment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:668-680. [PMID: 34612174 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1983831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial L-asparaginases are aminohydrolases that hydrolyze L-asparagine to L-aspartate. They are used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphomas and in food industries. Increasing demand for L-ASNases is therefore needed. In the current study, the recombinant L-ASNase from Dickeya chrysanthemi (DcL-ASNase) was cloned into pET28a (+) expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a 6His-tagged fusion protein and purified using Ni2+ chelated Sepharose chromatography resin, yielding a highly purified enzyme. Kinetics analysis allowed the determination of its substrate specificity and the physicochemical parameters that affect enzyme activity. The enzyme showed operational stability at 37 °C and 45 °C. The immunogenicity of the purified DcL-ASNase was evaluated by measuring the IgG and IgM levels in rats after injection. The cytotoxicity DcL-ASNase in selected cancer cell lines and peripheral blood monocytes was determined. The results showed that the enzyme induces pleiotropic effects, including significant morphological changes and the formation of apoptotic bodies. No cytotoxic effects were observed in peripheral blood monocytes at the same concentrations. In addition, gene expression analysis by RT-PCR of apoptotic biomarkers (Bax, survivin, and Ki-67) allowed the study of the apoptotic mechanism induced by DcL-ASNase on THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Elsawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal Shalaby
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Hemida
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Eldoksh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Nematalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nikolaos N Labrou
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Saeed H, Hemida A, Abdel-Fattah M, Eldoksh A, Shalaby M, Nematalla H, El-Nikhely N, Elkewedi M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant L-asparaginase: Large scale production, purification, and cytotoxicity on THP-1, MDA-MB-231, A549, Caco2 and HCT-116 cell lines. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 181:105820. [PMID: 33440252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies Pseudomonas aeruginosal-ASNase complete coding sequence gene, 984 bp (GenBank accession number KU161101.2) was isolated by PCR, cloned into pET28a(+) vector, expressed in E. coli DE3(BL21) pLysS, purified to apparent homogeneity and biochemically characterized. In the present work we highlight large scale production, affinity purification of the recombinant enzyme, effect of osmolytes on the stability of the l-ASNase and cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines. Successful overexpression was achieved in E. coli as a 6-His-Tag fusion protein after 18 h of induction with lactose at a concentration of 2 g/L in fermentation medium and at 37 °C. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity using Ni2+ chelated Fast Flow Sepharose resin with 19758.8 specific activity and 10.28 purification fold. With respect to the effect of osmolytes on the stability of the purified enzyme, the majority of the tested osmolytes namely 5% maltose, 5% mannitol, 30% glycerol and 5% BSA were found to increase the stability of the recombinant l-ASNase as compared to the free enzyme. Triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 treated with recombinant l-ASNase showed significant morphological changes and the IC50 of the purified enzyme was found to be 3.1 IU. Human leukemia cell line, THP-1 treated with l-ASNase showed apoptotic bodies and morphological changes with IC50 of the purified enzyme 1.75 IU. Moreover, the purified recombinant l-ASNase was found to induced cytotoxic effects on colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2 with IC50 of 68.28 IU. Results of apoptosis assay on THP-1 cells revealed that the purified l-ASNase induced early and late apoptosis at 14.16% and 7.56 respectively as compared to the control untreated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Hemida
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Eldoksh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hisham Nematalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damnhour, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Soudan H, Saeed H, Eldemellawy M, Shalaby M, Hassan M, Elkewedi M, El-Nikhely N. Heat shock protein 90α inhibitor, PU-H71 in combination with DHEA promoting apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:561-570. [PMID: 33319549 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of markers (ER, PR, and HER-2/Neu) for the molecular-targeted therapies triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more challenging than other subtypes of breast cancer. Moreover, the conventional chemotherapeutic agents are still the mainstay of most therapeutic protocols and eventually turn into a refractory drug-resistance , hence, more efficient therapeutic regimens are urgently required. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of PU-H71 combined with DHEA on triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and to assess the synergy using the Chou-Talalay method. The combined therapy controlled the expression of an array of antioxidants and metabolizing enzymes, leading to the induction of oxidative stress which in turn induced apoptotic cell death. Our results indicated that the combined treatment with PU-H71 and DHEA exerts a synergistic anti-tumor effect on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Soudan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha Eldemellawy
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al-ArabCity, Alexandria, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal Shalaby
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al-ArabCity, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hassan
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Department ofMedical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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El-Wakil MH, Khattab SN, El-Yazbi AF, El-Nikhely N, Soffar A, Khalil HH. New chalcone-tethered 1,3,5-triazines potentiate the anticancer effect of cisplatin against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by enhancing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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El-Nikhely N, Karger A, Sarode P, Singh I, Weigert A, Wietelmann A, Stiewe T, Dammann R, Fink L, Grimminger F, Barreto G, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Rapp UR, Savai R. Metastasis-Associated Protein 2 Represses NF-κB to Reduce Lung Tumor Growth and Inflammation. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4199-4211. [PMID: 32816854 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although NF-κB is known to play a pivotal role in lung cancer, contributing to tumor growth, microenvironmental changes, and metastasis, the epigenetic regulation of NF-κB in tumor context is largely unknown. Here we report that the IKK2/NF-κB signaling pathway modulates metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2), a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex (NuRD). In triple transgenic mice, downregulation of IKK2 (Sftpc-cRaf-IKK2DN) in cRaf-induced tumors in alveolar epithelial type II cells restricted tumor formation, whereas activation of IKK2 (Sftpc-cRaf-IKK2CA) supported tumor growth; both effects were accompanied by altered expression of MTA2. Further studies employing genetic inhibition of MTA2 suggested that in primary tumor growth, independent of IKK2, MTA2/NuRD corepressor complex negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and tumor growth, whereas later dissociation of MTA2/NuRD complex from the promoter of NF-κB target genes and IKK2-dependent positive regulation of MTA2 leads to activation of NF-κB signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and lung tumor metastasis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized biphasic role of MTA2 in IKK2/NF-κB-driven primary-to-metastatic lung tumor progression. Addressing the interaction between MTA2 and NF-κB would provide potential targets for intervention of tumor growth and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings strongly suggest a prominent role of MTA2 in primary tumor growth, lung metastasis, and NF-κB signaling modulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Annika Karger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Sarode
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dammann
- Institute for Genetics; member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, UEGP, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulf R Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Saeed H, Hemida A, El-Nikhely N, Abdel-Fattah M, Shalaby M, Hussein A, Eldoksh A, Ataya F, Aly N, Labrou N, Nematalla H. Highly efficient Pyrococcus furiosus recombinant L-asparaginase with no glutaminase activity: Expression, purification, functional characterization, and cytotoxicity on THP-1, A549 and Caco-2 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:812-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Pullamsetti SS, Kojonazarov B, Storn S, Gall H, Salazar Y, Wolf J, Weigert A, El-Nikhely N, Ghofrani HA, Krombach GA, Fink L, Gattenlöhner S, Rapp UR, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Savai R. Lung cancer–associated pulmonary hypertension: Role of microenvironmental inflammation based on tumor cell–immune cell cross-talk. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer–associated pulmonary hypertension is associated with microenvironmental inflammation caused by tumor cell–immune cell cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Samantha Storn
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ylia Salazar
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janine Wolf
- Department of Radiology, UGMLC, member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gabriele A. Krombach
- Department of Radiology, UGMLC, member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar 35578, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Department of Pathology, UGMLC, member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ulf R. Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Zanucco E, El-Nikhely N, Götz R, Weidmann K, Pfeiffer V, Savai R, Seeger W, Ullrich A, Rapp UR. Elimination of B-RAF in oncogenic C-RAF-expressing alveolar epithelial type II cells reduces MAPK signal intensity and lung tumor growth. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26804-26816. [PMID: 25096573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are often greatly dependent on signaling cascades promoting cell growth or survival and may become hypersensitive to inactivation of key components within these signaling pathways. Ras and RAF mutations found in human cancer confer constitutive activity to these signaling molecules thereby converting them into an oncogenic state. RAF dimerization is required for normal Ras-dependent RAF activation and is required for the oncogenic potential of mutant RAFs. Here we describe a new mouse model for lung tumor development to investigate the role of B-RAF in oncogenic C-RAF-mediated adenoma initiation and growth. Conditional elimination of B-RAF in C-RAF BxB-expressing embryonic alveolar epithelial type II cells did not block adenoma formation. However, loss of B-RAF led to significantly reduced tumor growth. The diminished tumor growth upon B-RAF inactivation was due to reduced cell proliferation in absence of senescence and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, B-RAF elimination inhibited C-RAF BxB-mediated activation of the mitogenic cascade. In line with these data, mutation of Ser-621 in C-RAF BxB abrogated in vitro the dimerization with B-RAF and blocked the ability to activate the MAPK cascade. Taken together these data indicate that B-RAF is an important factor in oncogenic C-RAF-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Zanucco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 85152 Martinsried, Germany,.
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany, and
| | - Rudolf Götz
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Weidmann
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany, and
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany, and
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 85152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ulf R Rapp
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 85152 Martinsried, Germany,.
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Larzabal L, El-Nikhely N, Redrado M, Seeger W, Savai R, Calvo A. Differential effects of drugs targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) and non-CSC populations on lung primary tumors and metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79798. [PMID: 24278179 PMCID: PMC3835894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation and recurrence after chemotherapy. Targeting CSCs and non-CSCs with specific compounds may be an effective approach to reduce lung cancer growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salinomycin, a selective inhibitor of CSCs, with or without combination with paclitaxel, in a metastatic model. To evaluate the effect of these drugs in metastasis and tumor microenvironment we took advantage of the immunocompetent and highly metastatic LLC mouse model. Aldefluor assays were used to analyze the ALDH+/− populations in murine LLC and human H460 and H1299 lung cancer cells. Salinomycin reduced the proportion of ALDH+ CSCs in LLC cells, whereas paclitaxel increased such population. The same effect was observed for the H460 and H1299 cell lines. Salinomycin reduced the tumorsphere formation capacity of LLC by more than 7-fold, but paclitaxel showed no effect. In in vivo experiments, paclitaxel reduced primary tumor volume but increased the number of metastatic nodules (p<0.05), whereas salinomycin had no effect on primary tumors but reduced lung metastasis (p<0.05). Combination of both drugs did not improve the effect of single therapies. ALDH1A1, SOX2, CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNA levels were higher in metastatic lesions than in primary tumors, and were significantly elevated in both locations by paclitaxel treatment. On the contrary, such levels were reduced (or in some cases did not change) when mice were administered with salinomycin. The number of F4/80+ and CD11b+ cells was also reduced upon administration of both drugs, but particularly in metastasis. These results show that salinomycin targets ALDH+ lung CSCs, which has important therapeutic effects in vivo by reducing metastatic lesions. In contrast, paclitaxel (although reducing primary tumor growth) promotes the selection of ALDH+ cells that likely modify the lung microenvironment to foster metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Larzabal
- Laboratory of Novel Therapeutic Targets, Division of Oncology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nefertiti El-Nikhely
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Laboratory of Novel Therapeutic Targets, Division of Oncology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Laboratory of Novel Therapeutic Targets, Division of Oncology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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El-Nikhely N, Larzabal L, Seeger W, Calvo A, Savai R. Tumor–stromal interactions in lung cancer: novel candidate targets for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1107-22. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.693478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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El-Nikhely N, Ceteci F, Seeger W, Rapp UR, Savai R. The role of NFκB/IKK2 pathway in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Thorsteinsdóttir H, Melon CC, Ray M, Chakkalackal S, Li M, Cooper JE, Chadder J, Saenz TW, de Souza Paula MC, Ke W, Li L, Madkour MA, Aly S, El-Nikhely N, Chaturvedi S, Konde V, Daar AS, Singer PA. Erratum: South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech. Nat Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt1210-1308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The gene coding for the ricin A-chain from Ricinus sanguineus (RsTA) was isolated and sequenced (GB: DQ661048). Comparison of RsTA with the ricin A-chain from Ricinus communis (RTA) revealed the presence of five differences in the gene sequence. At the protein level only two differences were noticed, the replacement of Asn136 by Ser (N136S) and Ile173 by Val (I174 V). From the RsTA structure model (PMDB: PM0074652), the N136S mutation was predicted to have no effect on RsTA structure. The I174V mutation is believed to have no effect on the RsTA structure or on toxicity since this replacement was found in the Ricinus agglutinin's A-chain and the latter has a comparable toxicity to RTA. The Ser221 of the putative lipase active site was found. Toxicity experiments showed that RsTA and RTA have similar toxicities. This finding proves that the N136S and I174 V mutations have no effect on RsTA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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