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Janssen H, Koekkoek LL, Swirski FK. Effects of lifestyle factors on leukocytes in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:157-169. [PMID: 37752350 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Exercise, stress, sleep and diet are four distinct but intertwined lifestyle factors that influence the cardiovascular system. Abundant epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies have underscored the importance of managing stress, having good sleep hygiene and responsible eating habits and exercising regularly. We are born with a genetic blueprint that can protect us against or predispose us to a particular disease. However, lifestyle factors build upon and profoundly influence those predispositions. Studies in the past 10 years have shown that the immune system in general and leukocytes in particular are particularly susceptible to environmental perturbations. Lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, diet and exercise affect leukocyte behaviour and function and thus the immune system at large. In this Review, we explore the various mechanisms by which lifestyle factors modulate haematopoiesis and leukocyte migration and function in the context of cardiovascular health. We pay particular attention to the role of the nervous system as the key executor that connects environmental influences to leukocyte behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura L Koekkoek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Ibeas K, Griñán‐Ferré C, del Mar Romero M, Sebastián D, Bastías‐Pérez M, Gómez R, Soler‐Vázquez MC, Zagmutt S, Pallás M, Castell M, Belsham DD, Mera P, Herrero L, Serra D. Cpt1a silencing in AgRP neurons improves cognitive and physical capacity and promotes healthy aging in male mice. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14047. [PMID: 37994388 PMCID: PMC10861206 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexigenic neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are activated in response to dynamic variations in the metabolic state, including exercise. We previously observed that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A), a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, is a key factor in AgRP neurons, modulating whole-body energy balance and fluid homeostasis. However, the effect of CPT1A in AgRP neurons in aged mice and during exercise has not been explored yet. We have evaluated the physical and cognitive capacity of adult and aged mutant male mice lacking Cpt1a in AgRP neurons (Cpt1a KO). Adult Cpt1a KO male mice exhibited enhanced endurance performance, motor coordination, locomotion, and exploration compared with control mice. No changes were observed in anxiety-related behavior, cognition, and muscle strength. Adult Cpt1a KO mice showed a reduction in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of these muscles were smaller than those of control mice displaying a myofiber remodeling from type II to type I fibers. In aged mice, changes in myofiber remodeling were maintained in Cpt1a KO mice, avoiding loss of physical capacity during aging progression. Additionally, aged Cpt1a KO mice revealed better cognitive skills, reduced inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In conclusion, CPT1A in AgRP neurons appears to modulate health and protects against aging. Future studies are required to clarify whether CPT1A is a potential antiaging candidate for treating diseases affecting memory and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Christian Griñán‐Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Maria del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - David Sebastián
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Marianela Bastías‐Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Facultad de Salud y Ciencias SocialesUniversidad de las AméricasSantiago de ChileChile
| | - Roberto Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Carmen Soler‐Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Pallás
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA‐UB), Universitat de BarcelonaSanta Coloma de GramenetSpain
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Ataka K, Asakawa A, Iwai H, Kato I. Musclin prevents depression-like behavior in male mice by activating urocortin 2 signaling in the hypothalamus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1288282. [PMID: 38116320 PMCID: PMC10728487 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1288282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity is recommended as an alternative treatment for depression. Myokines, which are secreted from skeletal muscles during physical activity, play an important role in the skeletal muscle-brain axis. Musclin, a newly discovered myokine, exerts physical endurance, however, the effects of musclin on emotional behaviors, such as depression, have not been evaluated. This study aimed to access the anti-depressive effect of musclin and clarify the connection between depression-like behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptides in mice. Methods We measured the immobility time in the forced swim (FS) test, the time spent in open arm in the elevated-plus maze (EPM) test, the mRNA levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides, and enumerated the c-Fos-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in mice with the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of musclin. Next, we evaluated the effects of a selective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor antagonist, selective CRF type 2 receptor antagonist, melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, and selective melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist on changes in behaviors induced by musclin. Finally we evaluated the antidepressant effect of musclin using mice exposed to repeated water immersion (WI) stress. Results We found that the i.p. and i.c.v. administration of musclin decreased the immobility time and relative time in the open arms (open %) in mice and increased urocortin 2 (Ucn 2) levels but decreased proopiomelanocortin levels in the hypothalamus. The numbers of c-Fos-positive cells were increased in the PVN and NTS but decreased in the ARC of mice with i.p. administration of musclin. The c-Fos-positive cells in the PVN were also found to be Ucn 2-positive. The antidepressant and anxiogenic effects of musclin were blocked by central administration of a CRF type 2 receptor antagonist and a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, respectively. Peripheral administration of musclin also prevented depression-like behavior and the decrease in levels of hypothalamic Ucn 2 induced by repeated WI stress. Discussion These data identify the antidepressant effects of musclin through the activation of central Ucn 2 signaling and suggest that musclin and Ucn 2 can be new therapeutic targets and endogenous peptides mediating the muscle-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ataka
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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Khoramipour K, Rezaei MH, Madadizadeh E, Hosseini MS, Soltani Z, Schierbauer J, Moser O. High Intensity Interval Training can Ameliorate Hypothalamic Appetite Regulation in Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Leptin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4295-4307. [PMID: 37828299 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of leptin (LEP) signaling in the hypothalamus caused by type 2 diabetes (T2D) can impair appetite regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the improvement in appetite regulation induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in rats with T2D can be mediated by LEP signaling. In this study, 20 male Wister rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: CO (non-type 2 diabetes control), T2D (type 2 diabetes), EX (non-type 2 diabetes exercise), and T2D + EX (type 2 diabetes + exercise).To induce T2D, a combination of a high-fat diet for 2 months and a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was administered. Rats in the EX and T2D + EX groups performed 4-10 intervals of treadmill running at 80-100% of their maximum velocity (Vmax). Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), serum levels of insulin (INS) and LEP (LEPS) as well as hypothalamic expression of LEP receptors (LEP-R), Janus kinase 2 (JAK-2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AGRP), pro-opiomelanocortin cocaine (POMC), amphetamine-related transcript (CART), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) were assessed. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare the results between the groups. The levels of LEPS and INS, as well as the levels of LEP-R, JAK-2, STAT-3, POMC, and CART in the hypothalamus were found to be higher in the T2D + EX group compared to the T2D group. On the other hand, the levels of HOMA-IR, NPY, AGRP, SOCS3, and FOXO1 were lower in the T2D + EX group compared to the T2D group (P < 0.0001). The findings of this study suggest that HIIT may improve appetite regulation in rats with T2D, and LEP signaling may play a crucial role in this improvement. Graphical abstract (leptin signaling in the hypothalamus), Leptin (LEP), Leptin receptor (LEP-R), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), expressing Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti-related protein (AGRP), anorexigenic neurons (expressing pro-opiomelanocortin cocaine (POMC), Amphetamine-related transcript (CART), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hossein Rezaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Madadizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism (Sports Medicine), BaySpo-Bayreuth Centre of Sports Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Othmar Moser
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism (Sports Medicine), BaySpo-Bayreuth Centre of Sports Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Zhang K, Ma Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiong G, Ma Y, Sun X, Kan C. Metabolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1253506. [PMID: 37900047 PMCID: PMC10603303 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive and irreversible pathophysiological process that manifests as the decline in tissue and cellular functions, along with a significant increase in the risk of various aging-related diseases, including metabolic diseases. While advances in modern medicine have significantly promoted human health and extended human lifespan, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes among the older adults pose a major challenge to global public health as societies age. Therefore, understanding the complex interaction between risk factors and metabolic diseases is crucial for promoting well-being and healthy aging. This review article explores the environmental and behavioral risk factors associated with metabolic diseases and their impact on healthy aging. The environment, including an obesogenic environment and exposure to environmental toxins, is strongly correlated with the rising prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities. Behavioral factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns, significantly influence the risk of metabolic diseases throughout aging. Public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors can effectively promote healthier lifestyles and prevent metabolic diseases. Collaboration between government agencies, healthcare providers and community organizations is essential for implementing these interventions and creating supportive environments that foster healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Youhong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guoji Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Xiao Y, Han C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Bao R, Li Y, Chen H, Hu B, Liu S. Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37669953 PMCID: PMC10480189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, neuropeptide release, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), the activation of osteoclasts (OCs), and the functional activities of bone cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues, facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions. The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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Park SY, Hwang BO, Song NY. The role of myokines in cancer: crosstalk between skeletal muscle and tumor. BMB Rep 2023; 56:365-373. [PMID: 37291054 PMCID: PMC10390289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a primary feature of sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. In cancer patients, tumor-derived inflammatory factors promote muscle atrophy via tumor-to-muscle effects, which is closely associated with poor prognosis. During the past decade, skeletal muscle has been considered to function as an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine organ by releasing numerous myokines. The circulating myokines can modulate pathophysiology in the other organs, as well as in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting myokines function as muscleto-tumor signaling molecules. Here, we highlight the roles of myokines in tumorigenesis, particularly in terms of crosstalk between skeletal muscle and tumor. Better understanding of tumor-to-muscle and muscle-to-tumor effects will shed light on novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 365-373].
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Byeong-Oh Hwang
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Park SY, Hwang BO, Song NY. The role of myokines in cancer: crosstalk between skeletal muscle and tumor. BMB Rep 2023; 56:365-373. [PMID: 37291054 PMCID: PMC10390289 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a primary feature of sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. In cancer patients, tumor-derived inflammatory factors promote muscle atrophy via tumor-to-muscle effects, which is closely associated with poor prognosis. During the past decade, skeletal muscle has been considered to function as an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine organ by releasing numerous myokines. The circulating myokines can modulate pathophysiology in the other organs, as well as in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting myokines function as muscleto-tumor signaling molecules. Here, we highlight the roles of myokines in tumorigenesis, particularly in terms of crosstalk between skeletal muscle and tumor. Better understanding of tumor-to-muscle and muscle-to-tumor effects will shed light on novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 365-373].
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Byeong-Oh Hwang
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
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9
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Fico BG, Maharaj A, Pena GS, Huang CJ. The Effects of Obesity on the Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurobiological Responses to Exercise in Older Adults. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:865. [PMID: 37372149 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can also induce profound changes to the neural circuitry that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis with advancing age. Here we discuss how obesity in older adults impacts inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological functions with an emphasis on how exercise mediates each topic. Although obesity is a reversible disorder through lifestyle changes, it is important to note that early interventions are crucial to prevent pathological changes seen in the aging obese population. Lifestyle modifications such as physical activity (including aerobic and resistance training) should be considered as a main intervention to minimize the synergistic effect of obesity on age-related conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Merege-Filho CAA, Gil SS, Kirwan JP, Murai IH, Dantas WS, Nucci MP, Pastorello B, de Lima AP, Bazán PR, Pereira RMR, de Sá-Pinto AL, Lima FR, Brucki SMD, de Cleva R, Santo MA, Leite CDC, Otaduy MCG, Roschel H, Gualano B. Exercise modifies hypothalamic connectivity and brain functional networks in women after bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:165-174. [PMID: 36585494 PMCID: PMC10134041 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a disease that may involve disrupted connectivity of brain networks. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, and the positive effects on obesity-related conditions may be enhanced by exercise. Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and exercise training on brain functional networks. METHODS Thirty women eligible for bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 15, age = 41.0 ± 7.3 years) or RYGB plus Exercise Training (RYGB + ET: n = 15, age = 41.9 ± 7.2 years). Clinical, laboratory, and brain functional connectivity parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) and 9 months (POST9) after surgery. The 6-month, three-times-a-week, exercise intervention (resistance plus aerobic exercise) was initiated 3 months post-surgery (for RYGB + ET). RESULTS Exercise superimposed on bariatric surgery (RYGB + ET) increased connectivity between hypothalamus and sensorial regions (seed-to-voxel analyses of hypothalamic connectivity), and decreased default mode network (DMN) and posterior salience (pSAL) network connectivity (ROI-to-ROI analyses of brain networks connectivity) when compared to RYGB alone (all p-FDR < 0.05). Increases in basal ganglia (BG) network connectivity were only observed in the exercised training group (within-group analyses). CONCLUSION Exercise training is an important component in the management of post-bariatric patients and may improve the hypothalamic connectivity and brain functional networks that are involved in controlling food intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT02441361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A A Merege-Filho
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo S Gil
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Igor H Murai
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mariana P Nucci
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pastorello
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Padilha de Lima
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bazán
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L de Sá-Pinto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Lima
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia M D Brucki
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Cleva
- Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division Department of Digestive Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Santo
- Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division Department of Digestive Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia da Costa Leite
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Concepción García Otaduy
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Katz A, Gonen M, Shahar Y, Roichman A, Lerrer B, Cohen HY. Hypothalamus–Muscle Parallel Induction of Metabolic Pathways Following Physical Exercise. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897005. [PMID: 35928013 PMCID: PMC9344923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle requires less physical activity and skills during our daily routine, leading to multiple pathologies related to physical disabilities and energy accessibility. Thus, exploring the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of exercise is crucial. Here, we characterized the effect of forced and voluntary endurance exercises on three key metabolic signaling pathways, sirtuins, AMPK, and mTOR, across several metabolic tissues in mice: brain, muscles, and liver. Both voluntary and forced exercises induced AMPK with higher intensity in the first. The comparison between those metabolic tissues revealed that the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, two brain parts, showed different metabolic signaling activities. Strikingly, despite the major differences in the physiology of muscles and hypothalamic tissues, the hypothalamus replicates the metabolic response of the muscle in response to physical exercise. Specifically, muscles and hypothalamic tissues showed an increase and a decrease in AMPK and mTOR signaling, respectively. Overall, this study reveals new insight into the relation between the hypothalamus and muscles, which enhances the coordination within the muscle–brain axis and potentially improves the systemic response to physical activity performance and delaying health inactivity disorders.
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12
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Cheng Q, Lu C, Qian R. The circadian clock regulates metabolic responses to physical exercise. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:907-917. [PMID: 35282722 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed for years that physical exercise ameliorates metabolic diseases. Optimal exercise timing in humans and mammals has indicated that circadian clocks play a vital role in exercise and body metabolism. Skeletal muscle metabolism exhibits a robust circadian rhythm under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Clock genes also control the development, differentiation, and function of skeletal muscles. In this review, we aimed to clarify the relationship between exercise, skeletal muscles, and the circadian clock. Health benefits can be attained by the scheduling of exercise at the best circadian time. Exercise therapy for metabolic diseases and cardiovascular health is a key adjuvant method. This review highlights the importance of exercise timing in maintaining healthy metabolism and circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Huang C, Xu J, Liu C, Yang C. Muscle-brain communication in pain: The key role of myokines. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:25-35. [PMID: 34871710 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common reason for a physician visit, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets involved in pain. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well known phenomenon observed worldwide. However, the available evidence demonstrates that the mechanisms of EIH remain unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the activation of several endogenous systems in the brain. Recently, the concept that the muscle acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the muscle are called myokines, playing a critical role in communicating with other organs, such as the brain. This review will focus on several myokines and discuss their roles in EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chaoli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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