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Chang J, Feng Z, Li Y, Lv H, Liu S, Luo Y, Hao N, Zhao L, Liu J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel promising neuroprotective agent for Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116064. [PMID: 38373595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the brain. However, there are no effective drugs for AD. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs), as a new mediator of intercellular communication, are associated with low immunogenicity, low risk of tumor formation, and good safety profile. Therefore, MSCs-EVs may be a safe and attractive cell-free nanotherapeutics, offering a new perspective for AD treatment. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs-EVs have significant neuroprotective effects, the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to: outline the diagnostic and delivery roles of MSCs-EVs for AD treatment; summarize the optimal sources and delivery methods of MSCs-EVs; provide a comprehensive review on the neuroprotective mechanisms of MSCs-EVs; explore how to enhance the neuroprotective effects of MSCs-EVs; and discuss the limitations and potential of their translation to the clinic. Therefore, this study may provide a more precise theoretical reference and practical basis for clinical research of MSCs-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihang Feng
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglin Lv
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongyin Luo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Hao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Ma S, Ma B, Yang Y, Mu Y, Wei P, Yu X, Zhao B, Zou Z, Liu Z, Wang M, Deng J. Functionalized 3D Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Fusion Peptides-Mediated Small Extracellular Vesicles of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3064-3081. [PMID: 38215277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology offers extensive applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) because it can create a three-dimensional porous structure with acceptable porosity and fine mechanical qualities that can mimic natural bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is commonly used as a bone repair material due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can regulate bone metabolism and stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study has designed a functionalized bone regeneration scaffold (3D H-P-sEVs) by combining the biological activity of BMSCs-sEVs and the 3D-HA scaffold to improve bone regeneration. The scaffold utilizes the targeting of fusion peptides to increase the loading efficiency of sEVs. The composition, structure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation performance of the 3D H-P-sEVs scaffolds were examined. The composite scaffold demonstrated good biocompatibility, substantially increased the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins, and had a satisfactory bone integration effect in the critical skull defect model of rats. In conclusion, the combination of EVs and 3D-HA scaffold via fusion peptide provides an innovative composite scaffold for bone regeneration and repair, improving osteogenic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Beibei Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuzhu Mu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xueqiao Yu
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Tianjin Zhongnuo Dental Hospital, Dingfu Building at the intersection of Nanma Road and Nankai Sanma Road in Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Minggang Wang
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
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Weiskirchen R, Schröder SK, Weiskirchen S, Buhl EM, Melnik B. Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2715. [PMID: 37893089 PMCID: PMC10603983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are small-sized, bilayered extracellular biovesicles generated by almost every cell and released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Based on their origin, they are enriched with a variety of biologically active components including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cellular metabolites, and many other constituents. They can either attach or fuse with the membrane of a target cell, or alternatively be taking up via endocytosis by a recipient cell. In particular, milk exosomes have been recently shown to be a fundamental factor supporting infant growth, health, and development. In addition, exosomes derived from different cell types have been shown to possess regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they are a potential therapeutic tool in modulating the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Therefore, efficient protocols for the isolation of milk exosomes in a high quantity and purity are the basis for establishing clinical applications. Here, we present an easy-to-follow protocol for exosome isolation from bovine and human milk. Electron microscopic analysis and nanoparticle tracking analysis reveal that the protocols allow the isolation of highly enriched fractions of exosomes. The purified exosomes express the typical exosomal protein markers, CD81 and ALIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sarah K. Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Bodo Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
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