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Esposito M, Migliaccio A, Credendino SC, Maturi R, Prevete N, De Vita G. KLHL14 is a tumor suppressor downregulated in undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:297. [PMID: 38909024 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
KLHL14 is a substrate-binding subunit of Cullin-RING ligase 3 ubiquitin ligase complex, highly enriched in thyroid since early embryonic development, together with its antisense RNA KLHL14-AS. We have previously demonstrated that Klhl14-AS is a competing endogenous RNA regulating several differentiation and survival factors in thyroid cancer, acting as tumor suppressor. Recently, also KLHL14 has been shown to function as tumor suppressor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in malignant mesothelioma. Here we show that KLHL14 expression is strongly reduced in anaplastic thyroid cancer, the less differentiated and most aggressive type of thyroid neoplasia. Such reduction is reproduced in different in vivo and in vitro models of thyroid cancer, being invariably associated with loss of differentiation. When Klhl14 expression is rescued in thyroid transformed cells, it reduces the cell proliferation rate and increase the number of apoptotic cells. On the other side, Klhl14 loss of function in normal thyroid cells affects the expression of several regulatory as well as functional thyroid markers. All these findings suggest that KLHL14 could be considered as a novel tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, by also revealing its physiological role in the maintenance of a fully differentiated and functional thyroid phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Carmela Credendino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rufina Maturi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Lasolle H, Schiavo A, Tourneur A, Gillotay P, de Faria da Fonseca B, Ceolin L, Monestier O, Aganahi B, Chomette L, Kizys MML, Haenebalcke L, Pieters T, Goossens S, Haigh J, Detours V, Maia ALS, Costagliola S, Romitti M. Dual targeting of MAPK and PI3K pathways unlocks redifferentiation of Braf-mutated thyroid cancer organoids. Oncogene 2024; 43:155-170. [PMID: 37985676 PMCID: PMC10786723 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and several genetic events have been described to promote the development of thyroid carcinogenesis. Besides the effects of specific mutations on thyroid cancer development, the molecular mechanisms controlling tumorigenesis, tumor behavior, and drug resistance are still largely unknown. Cancer organoids have been proposed as a powerful tool to study aspects related to tumor development and progression and appear promising to test individual responses to therapies. Here, using mESC-derived thyroid organoids, we developed a BrafV637E-inducible model able to recapitulate the features of papillary thyroid cancer in vitro. Overexpression of the murine BrafV637E mutation, equivalent to BrafV600E in humans, rapidly triggers to MAPK activation, cell dedifferentiation, and disruption of follicular organization. BrafV637E-expressing organoids show a transcriptomic signature for p53, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interactions, EMT, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Finally, PTC-like thyroid organoids were used for drug screening assays. The combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors reversed BrafV637E oncogene-promoted cell dedifferentiation while restoring thyroid follicle organization and function in vitro. Our results demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells-derived thyroid cancer organoids can mimic tumor development and features while providing an efficient tool for testing novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lasolle
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Schiavo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Tourneur
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bárbara de Faria da Fonseca
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucieli Ceolin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benilda Aganahi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Chomette
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Malta Letro Kizys
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven Haenebalcke
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jody Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Luiza Silva Maia
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Liu Z, Yu M, Zhao F, Zhu C. Anlotinib combined with Sintilimab is win-win cooperation for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:976415. [PMID: 37007162 PMCID: PMC10062477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.976415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare malignant tumor. The incidence rate of PSCCT is less than 1%. However, the diagnosis and treatment of PSCCT are limited. Surgical resection is considered to be one of the few effective intervention methods. In this article, we reported a case of taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for PSCCT.Case summaryAn 80-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and hoarseness for a giant thyroid mass. He underwent bronchoscopy and tracheal stent implantation to alleviate the respiratory obstruction. Then he accepted right partial thyroid and right lymph node biopsy. Postoperative pathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, he underwent an endoscopy to exclude upper gastrointestinal squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, he was diagnosed with PSCCT. The patient was tentatively treated with a combination of Anlotinib and Sintilimab. After two courses, the tumor volume significantly reduced in MRI images and shrank further after five courses of combined treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of fulminant liver failure and autoimmune liver disease after 5-month-treatment.ConclusionTKIs combined with ICIs may be an effective and novel way for PSCCT treatment, but immune-related complications, especially liver damage, should be cared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- *Correspondence: Chenfang Zhu, ; Feng Zhao,
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McMurtry V, Canberk S, Deftereos G. Molecular testing in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:36-50. [PMID: 36480743 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are commonly faced by clinicians as palpable nodules or incidentally identified on imaging. Nodules that are found to be suspicious by imaging can be biopsied by fine needle aspiration, which can yield material for molecular testing to refine the diagnosis. METHODS The current literature concerning molecular testing in thyroid nodules including available commercial assays was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Commonly encountered alterations include mutations in RAS, BRAF, TERT promoter, PTEN, and DICER1 as well as fusions of RET, ALK, PAX8-PPARγ, and NTRK. This article provides a summary of these molecular alterations, commercially available molecular assays, and general considerations for thyroid epithelial malignancies and benign thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie McMurtry
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgios Deftereos
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Tounsi-Guettiti H, Traina H, Ayed IB, Jemii NB, Boubaker S, Alrageeg M, Alqawi O. BRAF V600E and Novel Somatic Mutations in Thyroid Cancer of Libyan Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4029-4037. [PMID: 36579983 PMCID: PMC9971446 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common endocrine malignancy that frequently harbours the oncogenic V600E BRAF mutation. This mutation has received considerable attention in recent years for its potential utility in the risk stratification and management of TC. This study aims to investigate BRAF mutational status in thyroid cancer of Libyan patients and their association with clinicopathological factors. METHODS 44 thyroid tissue samples were analysed for mutations in exon 15 of the BRAF gene by performing polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The results of BRAF mutation screening were correlated to clinical and pathological characteristics of the studied thyroid cancer patients. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS The BRAF exon 15 mutations were detected in 19 (43.2%) of the thyroid cancer cases. The V600E was the most frequent one found in 15/44 (34.1%) cases. We also detected 6 other variants in 7 patients (15.9%), the S616F, the W619R and the T599S. Three mutations were associated with V600E, the L584I, the D587Y and the synonymous L597L. None of these mutations were reported previously in thyroid cancers. No statistical association was found between BRAF mutations and clinicopathological factors except with papillary thyroid cancer type (p= 0,032). CONCLUSIONS Novel BRAF mutations and V600E were frequently detected in thyroid cancer of Libyan patients; this suggests a potential role of these novel mutations in carcinogenesis and in anti-EGFR therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Tounsi-Guettiti
- Department of Pathology-Oncogenetic Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. ,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,For Correspondence:
| | - Hanan Traina
- Department of Life Sciences, Academy of Graduate Studies, Misurata, Libya.
| | - Ines Ben Ayed
- Department of Pathology-Oncogenetic Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Nadia Ben Jemii
- Department of Pathology-Oncogenetic Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Department of Pathology-Oncogenetic Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. ,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Musa Alrageeg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Misurata Cancer Centre, Libya.
| | - Omar Alqawi
- Biotechnology Research Centre and Misurata Cancer Centre, Misurata, Libya.
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Bonsignore A, Drommi M, Frigiolini F, Roncallo A, Ventura F, Buffelli F, Fulcheri E. A Rare Case of Fatal Thyroid Hemorrhage After Fine-Needle Aspiration: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2022; 43:291-295. [PMID: 35960205 PMCID: PMC9390222 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sudden death due to massive hemorrhage after a mini-invasive ambulatory diagnostic procedure is extremely rare. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules is very safe, displaying a low rate of complications, all of which mild and often self-limiting. In few cases do these complications necessitate surgical decompression, and rarely does FNA of a thyroid nodule lead to the death of the patient.We report a case of sudden death caused by respiratory insufficiency after compression of the vascular and nervous structures of the neck and obstruction of the upper airways by hemorrhages dissecting the thyroidal and perithyroidal tissues in a 78-year-old woman. These hemorrhages were the result of vascular lacerations caused during diagnostic FNA of a nodule suspected of malignancy. In such cases, it is important to conduct a complete autopsy and histological analysis to ascertain the origin of massive hemorrhage involving the structures of the neck and to attribute the cause of death to the aforementioned procedure. The forensic pathologist must bear in mind that even extremely small damage, such as that produced by a fine needle, may cause a fatal hemorrhage in subjects with a subverted anatomo-pathological picture (such as, for example, the massive fibrosis of an organ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonsignore
- From the Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova
- IRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
| | - Martina Drommi
- From the Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova
| | | | - Anna Roncallo
- From the Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova
| | - Francesco Ventura
- From the Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova
- IRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
| | | | - Ezio Fulcheri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS—Istituto Giannina Gaslini
- Department of Pathology, San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Sánchez G, Díaz M, Ángel I, Ariza A. Carcinoma de tiroides: Descripción de 634 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La incidencia del carcinoma de tiroides ha aumentado a nivel mundial, probablemente relacionado con el sobre diagnóstico de nódulos tiroideos asintomáticos. La alta sobrevida del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides ha permitido posibilidades de manejo quirúrgico menos radicales, o inclusive, la vigilancia activa de tumores seleccionados. Existen reportes de características clínico-patológicas del carcinoma de tiroides de nuestro país distintas a las reportadas en la literatura internacional.
Métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con carcinoma de tiroides atendidos en un hospital universitario entre 2015 y 2020.
Resultados. Se identificaron 634 pacientes, el 83,4 % de sexo femenino. La tiroidectomía total con vaciamiento central fue el procedimiento más realizado (86,7 %). De 613 carcinomas diferenciados de tiroides, el 94,2 % corresponden al tipo papilar, seguido por el carcinoma de células de Hürtle (1,6 %); el 26,2 % presentaron subtipos histológicos agresivos y el 28,4 % compromiso tumoral bilateral. En los vaciamientos centrales se encontró 58,7 % de enfermedad metastásica; que fue de 49 % en los pacientes con microcarcinomas papilares (19 %). De las 68 lesiones del nervio laríngeo recurrente, 47 % fueron por secciones oncológicas.
Discusión. En nuestra serie, la proporción de pacientes con carcinoma papilar de tiroides y de sus variantes histológicas agresivas, así como el compromiso tumoral bilateral es mayor a lo reportado en la literatura científica.
Conclusión. El comportamiento biológico del carcinoma de tiroides es variable y puede tener características diferentes entre regiones; el manejo en nuestro medio debería considerar las características propias de nuestra población.
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Jia M, Lu X. Ultrasound images-based deep learning radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of RET rearrangement in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1062571. [PMID: 36605945 PMCID: PMC9807879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1062571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To create an ultrasound -based deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) for preoperatively predicting the presence of RET rearrangement among patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 650 patients with PTC. Patients were divided into the RET/PTC rearrangement group (n = 103) and the non-RET/PTC rearrangement group (n = 547). Radiomics features were extracted based on hand-crafted features from the ultrasound images, and deep learning networks were used to extract deep transfer learning features. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to select the features of nonzero coefficients from radiomics and deep transfer learning features; then, we established the deep learning radiomics signature. DLRN was constructed using a logistic regression algorithm by combining clinical and deep learning radiomics signatures. The prediction performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS Comparing the effectiveness of the models by linking the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of each model, we found that the area under the curve of DLRN could reach 0.9545 (95% confidence interval: 0.9133-0.9558) in the test cohort and 0.9396 (95% confidence interval: 0.9185-0.9607) in the training cohort, indicating that the model has an excellent performance in predicting RET rearrangement in PTC. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the combined model was clinically useful. CONCLUSION The novel ultrasonic-based DLRN has an important clinical value for predicting RET rearrangement in PTC. It can provide physicians with a preoperative non-invasive primary screening method for RET rearrangement diagnosis, thus facilitating targeted patients with purposeful molecular sequencing to avoid unnecessary medical investment and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiubo Lu, ; Meng Jia,
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiubo Lu, ; Meng Jia,
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Zayed AA, Amarin JZ, Al-Ani AT, Altell TL, Abdelhamid SS, Qirem MM, Fahmawi SM, Elshebli SM, Hamo KM, Zaghlol LY, Tierney ME, Zayed JA, Haghighi A. Association of Parental Consanguinity With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2769-e2774. [PMID: 33585882 PMCID: PMC8208659 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. Uncommonly, PTC is associated with multiple genetic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities and displays familial patterns of inheritance. Parental consanguinity increases susceptibility to many genetic disorders. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the association of parental consanguinity with PTC. METHODS This case-control study of PTC patients compared with healthy controls took place in a tertiary referral hospital. We recruited 200 PTC patients who were managed at the endocrinology outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital, and we recruited 515 healthy controls from a nonclinical setting. We interviewed all participants and collected sociodemographic data. We reviewed the family pedigrees of each participant four generations back and excluded any participant who was related. We established whether the parents of each participant were first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins, or unrelated. We then used binary logistic regression to assess the association of parental consanguinity with PTC adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, and parental education. RESULTS We recruited 715 participants. The numbers of PTC patients and healthy controls were 200 (28.0%) and 515 (72.0%), respectively. The rate of parental consanguinity was 25.5% in PTC patients and 12.2% in healthy controls. Parental consanguinity was significantly associated with PTC (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.63-4.17; P < .001). CONCLUSION Parental consanguinity is a risk factor for PTC. Our findings should be considered during familial risk assessment and genetic counseling, especially in populations with high rates of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Zayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Tareq L Altell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Murad M Qirem
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Khair M Hamo
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Jana A Zayed
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051082. [PMID: 34062862 PMCID: PMC8147376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy that comprises mostly indolent differentiated cancers (DTCs) and less frequently aggressive poorly differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic cancers (ATCs) with high mortality. Utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and advanced sequencing data analysis can aid in understanding the multi-step progression model in the development of thyroid cancers and their metastatic potential at a molecular level, promoting a targeted approach to further research and development of targeted treatment options including immunotherapy, especially for the aggressive variants. Tumour initiation and progression in thyroid cancer occurs through constitutional activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through mutations in BRAF, RAS, mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and/or receptor tyrosine kinase fusions/translocations, and other genetic aberrations acquired in a stepwise manner. This review provides a summary of the recent genetic aberrations implicated in the development and progression of thyroid cancer and implications for immunotherapy.
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Barrea L, Pugliese G, Frias-Toral E, Laudisio D, Rodriguez D, Vitale G, Colombo C, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G. Diet as a possible influencing factor in thyroid cancer incidence: the point of view of the nutritionist. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:349-360. [PMID: 33878846 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has increased in the last decades all over the world. Different environmental factors are possible perpetrators of this exponential growth. Nutritional factors are among the main environmental factors studied for thyroid cancer in recent years. This review aims to overview the main dietary factors involved in thyroid cancer risk, providing specific nutrition recommendations from the endocrinological Nutritionist point of view. Among the single food, fish and shellfish are the primary natural source of iodine, selenium and vitamin D in the human diet. These nutrients are essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones; however, their consumption is not consistently related to thyroid cancer risk. The high intake of fruit and vegetables, probably due to their vitamin and antioxidant content, shows a weak inverse association with thyroid cancer risk. Alcohol, meat, or other food groups/nutrients showed no significant effect on thyroid cancer. In conclusion, to date, no definite association among dietary factors, specific dietary patterns, and thyroid cancer, and its clinical severity and aggressiveness have been found. However, it is essential to underline that in the future, prospective studies should be carried out to precisely evaluate the qualitative and quantitative intake of nutrients by patients to establish with more confidence a potential correlation between food intake and the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy - .,Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Research Committee, SOLCA Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Clinical Research, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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12
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The Possible Role of Cancer Stem Cells in the Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors of Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082249. [PMID: 32796774 PMCID: PMC7465706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Target therapy with various kinase inhibitors (KIs) has been extended to patients with advanced thyroid cancer, but only a subset of these compounds has displayed efficacy in clinical use. However, after an initial response to KIs, dramatic disease progression occurs in most cases. With the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs), it is possible to postulate that thyroid cancer resistance to KI therapies, both intrinsic and acquired, may be sustained by this cell subtype. Indeed, CSCs have been considered as the main drivers of metastatic activity and therapeutic resistance, because of their ability to generate heterogeneous secondary cell populations and survive treatment by remaining in a quiescent state. Hence, despite the impressive progress in understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid tumorigenesis, drug resistance is still the major challenge in advanced thyroid cancer management. In this view, definition of the role of CSCs in thyroid cancer resistance may be crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and preventing resistance to anti-cancer treatments and tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to elucidate the possible role of CSCs in the development of resistance of advanced thyroid cancer to current anti-cancer therapies and their potential implications in the management of these patients.
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13
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Nylén C, Mechera R, Maréchal-Ross I, Tsang V, Chou A, Gill AJ, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Robinson BG, Sywak MS, Sidhu SB, Glover AR. Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082164. [PMID: 32759760 PMCID: PMC7466065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nylén
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna L1:00, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Mechera
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Maréchal-Ross
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
| | - Venessa Tsang
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Bruce G. Robinson
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark S. Sywak
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
| | - Stan B. Sidhu
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Glover
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9463-1477
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14
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Dural AC, Sahbaz NA, Akarsu C, Akbulut S, Turkay R, Baytekin HF, Alis H. Feasibility of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Classification in Predicting Thyroid Malignancy. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481908501227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) in the estimation of malignancy and assess the concordance between TIRADS and the histopathology results of the postoperative specimens. Consecutive ultrasound imaging records of patients with multinodular goiter from January 2010 to December 2017 who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The risk of malignancy of each TIRADS category was determined, and correlation with pathology was assessed. The patients with malignant cytology findings (Bethesda 6) who were categorized TIRADS 6 were excluded from the study. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the TIRADS classification were calculated on a 2 x 2 table with their own formulas. A total of 1457 patients were evaluated, and 1122 of these were included in the study. The risk of malignancy for nodules evaluated as TIRADS 2 was 0.6 per cent, TIRADS 3 was 13.1 per cent, TIRADS 4a was 20 per cent, TIRADS 4b was 61.1 per cent, TIRADS 4c was 85.7 per cent, and TIRADS 5 was 93.3 per cent. The positive predictive value of TIRADS classification was found to be 43.4 per cent, negative predictive value was found to be 90.7 per cent, sensitivity was found to be 78 per cent, specificity was found to be 68.4 per cent, and accuracy was found to be 70.7 per cent for our institution. The TIRADS classification based on suspicious ultrasound findings is reliable in predicting thyroid malignancy and can be routinely used in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Halil Firat Baytekin
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; and
| | - Halil Alis
- Department of General Surgery, Aydin University, Faculty of Medicine, VM Medical Park Florya Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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The Impact of Transcription Factor Prospero Homeobox 1 on the Regulation of Thyroid Cancer Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093220. [PMID: 32370142 PMCID: PMC7247360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) is continuously expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells, playing an essential role in their differentiation. Many reports have shown that PROX1 is implicated in cancer development and acts as an oncoprotein or suppressor in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, the PROX1 expression in many types of tumors has prognostic significance and is associated with patient outcomes. In our previous experimental studies, we showed that PROX1 is present in the thyroid cancer (THC) cells of different origins and has a high impact on follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) phenotypes, regulating migration, invasion, focal adhesion, cytoskeleton reorganization, and angiogenesis. Herein, we discuss the PROX1 transcript and protein structures, the expression pattern of PROX1 in THC specimens, and its epigenetic regulation. Next, we emphasize the biological processes and genes regulated by PROX1 in CGTH-W-1 cells, derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Finally, we discuss the interaction of PROX1 with other lymphatic factors. In our review, we aimed to highlight the importance of vascular molecules in cancer development and provide an update on the functionality of PROX1 in THC biology regulation.
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16
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Tan L, Tan YS, Tan S. Diagnostic accuracy and ability to reduce unnecessary FNAC: A comparison between four Thyroid Imaging Reporting Data System (TI-RADS) versions. Clin Imaging 2020; 65:133-137. [PMID: 32470834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid Imaging Reporting Data System (TI-RADS) is used to characterize thyroid nodules while reducing unnecessary FNAC. Over the years, several versions of TI-RADS have been developed but there is no consensus on which TI-RADS is the best system. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and ability of ACR TI-RADS, EU TI-RADS, K TI-RADS, AI TI-RADS to eliminate unnecessary FNAC. METHODS In this prospective study, thyroid nodules were characterized by using the four TI-RADS systems and US-guided FNAC was done for nodule with the highest ACR TI-RADS score. Correlation between TI-RADS and FNAC results were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 244 thyroid nodules, 100 nodules with either size <1 cm (43 nodules) non-diagnostic or inconclusive FNAC results (57 nodules) were excluded. Seven nodules (4.9%) were confirmed to be malignant on FNAC. K TI-RADS showed 100% sensitivity and NPV but the lowest specificity (40.2%). EU TI-RADS had the highest specificity (83.2%) but the lowest sensitivity (57.1%) and NPV (97.4%). ACR TI-RADS had an average sensitivity (85.7%) and NPV (98.6%). The specificity of ACR TI-RADS (51.1%) was lower than EU TI-RADS but higher than K TI-RADS. AI TI-RADS showed higher specificity (61.8% vs 51.1%, p < 0.05) but comparable NPV and sensitivity to ACR TI-RADS. AI TI-RADS was able to avoid the highest number of unnecessary FNAC (62.5%) followed by ACR TI-RADS(54.2%), EU TI-RADS(37.5%) and K TI-RADS(11.8%). CONCLUSION AI TI-RADS is a more simple scoring system with better overall diagnostic performance and ability to exclude unnecessary FNAC with high NPV. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Highest number of unnecessary FNAC thyroid could be prevented by applying AI TI-RADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsze Tan
- Radiology Department, Taiping Hospital, Jalan Taming Sari, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Ying Sern Tan
- Radiology Department, Taiping Hospital, Jalan Taming Sari, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suzet Tan
- Radiology Department, Taiping Hospital, Jalan Taming Sari, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
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17
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Sanjari M, Kordestani Z, Safavi M, Mashrouteh M, FekriSoofiAbadi M, Ghaseminejad Tafreshi A. Enhanced expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc, a prognostic factor and possible mechanism for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5100. [PMID: 32198408 PMCID: PMC7083882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct association has been shown between Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions and the proliferation of human thyroid tumor cells. Our previous study showed that increased β catenin led to a reduction in disease-free probability in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This study was designed to investigate Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes as targets for β catenin function in PTC and to determine the association between genes expression and staging, recurrence, metastasis, and disease-free survival of PTC. This study was conducted via a thorough investigation of available data from medical records as well as paraffin blocks of 77 out of 400 patients over a 10-year period. Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate disease-free survival. Higher levels of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions were observed in patients with recurrence by 8.5 (P = 0.004) and 19.5 (p = 0.0001) folds, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between Cyclin D1 expression and the cumulative dose of radioactive iodine received by patients (r = −0.2, p value = 0.03). The ten-year survival rate in the patients included in this study was 98.25% while disease-free survival was 48.1%. Higher Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were observed in patients with recurrence/distant metastasis. Inversely, lower expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes were associated with better survival of patients (SD, 0.142-0.052) (Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.002). The enhancement of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression may be a potential mechanism for recurrence and aggressiveness of PTC.
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18
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Zhang Y, Jin T, Shen H, Yan J, Guan M, Jin X. Identification of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profiles and Co-Expression Genes in Thyroid Carcinoma Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9752-9769. [PMID: 31856144 PMCID: PMC6931392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Genetic alterations play pivot roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma, where long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been identified to be crucial. This study sought to investigate the biological functions of lncRNA expression profiles in thyroid carcinoma. Material/Methods The lncRNAs expression profiles were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database according to 510 thyroid cancer tissues and 58 normal thyroid tissues. By using R package edgeR, differentially expressed RNAs were obtained. Also, an overall survival model was established based on Cox regression and clinical data then testified by Kaplan-Meier plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curve and C-index analysis. We investigated the co-expressed genes with lncRNAs involved in the prognostic model, as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted R package clusterProfile. Results A total of 352 lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in thyroid carcinoma, and an overall survival model consisting of 8 signature lncRNAs was proposed (ROC=0.862, C-index=0.893, P<0.05), 3 of which (DOCK9-DT, FAM111A-DT, and LINC01736) represent co-expressed mRNAs. However, as an oncogene, only FAM111A-DT increased the prognostic risk in thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, we found differential genes LINC01016, LHX1-DT, IGF2-AS, ND MIR1-1HG-AS1, significantly related to lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusions In this study, we clarified the differential lncRNA expression profiles which were related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis in thyroid carcinoma. Our results provide new rationale and understandings to the pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Taobo Jin
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haipeng Shen
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Li W, Li F, Lei W, Tao Z. TRIM30 modulates Interleukin-22-regulated papillary thyroid Cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting Sox17 for K48-linked Polyubiquitination. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:162. [PMID: 31823782 PMCID: PMC6902597 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) belongs to the IL-10 cytokine family and is mainly produced by activated Th1 cells. Although IL-22 expression is reported to be elevated in many cancers, and increased IL-22 expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis, little is known about the role of IL-22 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We previously demonstrated that IL-22 promotes PTC cell migration and invasion through the microRNA-595/Sox17 axis. METHODS We used qRT-PCR and western blot to determine TRIM30, Sox17 and β-catenin expression in PTC cells. Knockdown and overexpression were performed to detect the role of TRIM30/Sox17/β-catenin axis on the migration and invasion PTC cells. Co-IP were used to determine the interaction between TRIM30 and Sox17. FINDINGS In this study, we demonstrated that IL-22 triggered tripartite-motif protein 30 (TRIM30) association with Sox17, thereby mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination of Sox17. We then demonstrated that TRIM30 was a positive regulator of IL-22-regulated migration and invasion of PTC cells. We also found that IL-22 induced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and translocation of β-catenin from cytosol to the nucleus. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that IL-22 disrupted Sox17/β-catenin interactions by inducing TRIM30/Sox17 interactions, leading to promotion of β-catenin-dependent signaling. The analysis of hundreds of clinical specimens revealed that IL-22, TRIM30 and β-catenin levels were upregulated in PTC tissues compared with normal thyroid, and that their expression levels were closely correlated. Taken together, under the influence of IL-22, by sequestration of Sox17, TRIM30 promotes β-catenin-dependent signaling that promotes PTC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province the, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province the, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province the, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province the, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province the, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Vaccher E, Schioppa O, Martellotta F, Fornasier G, Giacomin E, Re FL, Baldo P, Corona G, Gobitti C. Safety Profiles and Pharmacovigilance Considerations for Recently Patented Anticancer Drugs: Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:226-241. [PMID: 31362663 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190726143011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia and represents approximately 1.5% to 2.1% of all cancers diagnosed annually worldwide. Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (RR-DTC) and advanced/metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma are relatively uncommon yet prognostically significant thyroid cancers. Gene rearrangements resulting in the aberrant activity of tyrosine kinases have been identified as drivers of oncogenesis in a variety of cancers, including thyroid cancer. Many Multi-Kinase Inhibitors (MKIs) which are now FDA-/EMA approved for thyroid cancer have shown clinical benefit in patients with advanced cancer. Treatment related toxicities occur frequently with these drugs and can be severe or life-threatening. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes the role of targeted therapy with MKIs in the management of RRDTC and advanced/metastatic MTC patients, focusing on side-effect profiles of these drugs, with a presentation of several recent patents published in this field. METHODS We review the scientific literature on advanced thyroid cancer and analyze the International Pharmacovigilance database (FAERS, Eudravigilance, and WHO Vigibase) for adverse drug reactions. RESULTS This systematic analysis highlights the difference in the safety profile of the recent drugs used in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer and the recent discoveries for diagnosis or treatment of the thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION It is essential to investigate the safety profile of recent anticancer drugs for advanced thyroid cancer to allow health professionals to make the best choice for each patient by conducting risk/benefit assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Vaccher
- Medical Oncology and Immune-related Tumors, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Ornella Schioppa
- Medical Oncology and Immune-related Tumors, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Martellotta
- Medical Oncology and Immune-related Tumors, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Giulia Fornasier
- Pharmacy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomin
- Pharmacy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo Re
- Pharmacy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Paolo Baldo
- Pharmacy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Carlo Gobitti
- Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
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Huang YL, Oppong MB, Guo Y, Wang LZ, Fang SM, Deng YR, Gao XM. The Oleaceae family: A source of secoiridoids with multiple biological activities. Fitoterapia 2019; 136:104155. [PMID: 31028819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the quest to search and discover bioactive compounds from nature, terpenoids have emerged as one of the most interesting and researched classes of compounds. Secoiridoid, a type of the terpenoid, has also been extensively studied, especially their chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Oleaceae is a family of woody dicotyledonous plants with broad economic and medicinal values. This family contains a large number of flavonoids, monoterpenoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and phenylethyl alcohols, of which the secoiridoids have various biological activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the phytochemical and pharmacological of the secoiridoids (glycosides, aglycones, derivatives and dimers) in the Oleaceae family from 1987 to 2018. This review will also serve as a reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mahmood Brobbey Oppong
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box, LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Li-Zhi Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shi-Ming Fang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Ru Deng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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22
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Xu Y, Chen J, Yang Z, Xu L. Identification of RNA Expression Profiles in Thyroid Cancer to Construct a Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Network of mRNAs, Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1140-1154. [PMID: 30745559 PMCID: PMC6380385 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to use RNA expression profile bioinformatics data from cases of thyroid cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Gene Ontology (GO) databases to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Material/Methods TCGA provided RNA profiles from 515 thyroid cancer tissues and 56 normal thyroid tissues. The DESeq R package analyzed high-throughput sequencing data on differentially expressed RNAs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis used the DAVID 6.8 and the ClusterProfile R package. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and Cox regression analysis were performed. The thyroid cancer ceRNA network was constructed based on the miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases. Results There were 1,098 mRNAs associated with thyroid cancer; 101 mRNAs were associated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis developed a risk scoring system that identified seven signature mRNAs, with a discriminative value of 0.88, determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A ceRNA network included 13 mRNAs, 31 lncRNAs, and seven miRNAs. Four out of the 31 lncRNAs and all miRNAs were down-regulated, and the remaining RNAs were upregulated. Two lncRNAs (MIR1281A2HG and OPCML-IT1) and one miRNA (miR-184) were significantly associated with OS in patients with thyroid cancer. Conclusions Differential RNA expression profiling in thyroid cancer was used to construct a ceRNA network of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs that showed potential in evaluating prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiuwei Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Nursing, The Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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23
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Abdullah MI, Junit SM, Ng KL, Jayapalan JJ, Karikalan B, Hashim OH. Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Alterations and Molecular Biomarker Investigations. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:450-460. [PMID: 30911279 PMCID: PMC6428975 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent form of malignancy among all cancers of the thyroid. It is also one of the few cancers with a rapidly increasing incidence. PTC is usually contained within the thyroid gland and generally biologically indolent. Prognosis of the cancer is excellent, with less than 2% mortality at 5 years. However, more than 25% of patients with PTC developed a recurrence during a long term follow-up. The present article provides an updated condensed overview of PTC, which focuses mainly on the molecular alterations involved and recent biomarker investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardiaty Iryani Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khoon Leong Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barani Karikalan
- Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Ruan X, Shi X, Dong Q, Yu Y, Hou X, Song X, Wei X, Chen L, Gao M. Antitumor effects of anlotinib in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:153-164. [PMID: 30139768 PMCID: PMC6215907 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for patients with poorly differentiated papillary thyroid cancer or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Anlotinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has already shown antitumor effects in various types of carcinoma in a phase I clinical trial. In this study, we aimed to better understand the effect and efficacy of anlotinib against thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that anlotinib inhibits the cell viability of papillary thyroid cancer and ATC cell lines, likely due to abnormal spindle assembly, G2/M arrest, and activation of TP53 upon anlotinib treatment. Moreover, anlotinib suppresses the migration of thyroid cancer cells in vitro and the growth of xenograft thyroid tumors in mice. Our data demonstrate that anlotinib has significant anticancer activity in thyroid cancer, and potentially offers an effective therapeutic strategy for patients of advanced thyroid cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck TumorTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianle Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiman Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck TumorTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Neck TumorTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic UltrasonographyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Chen or M Gao: or
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck TumorTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Chen or M Gao: or
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25
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Henke LE, Pfeifer JD, Baranski TJ, DeWees T, Grigsby PW. Long-term outcomes of follicular variant vs classic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1226-1235. [PMID: 30352402 PMCID: PMC6240143 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The majority of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases comprise classic papillary (C-PTC) and follicular variant (FV-PTC) histologic sub-types. Historically, clinical equivalency was assumed, but recent data suggest C-PTC may have poorer outcomes. However, large single-institution series with long-term outcomes of C-PTC and FV-PTC, using modern pathologic criteria for FV-PTC, are needed. Our objective was to compare prevalence and impact of clinicopathologic factors, including BRAF mutation status, on long-term outcomes of C-PTC and FV-PTC. We hypothesized that patients with C-PTC would have higher risk disease features and worse survival outcomes. This retrospective study included 1293 patients treated at a single, US academic institution between 1943 and 2009 with mean follow-up of 8.6 years. All patients underwent either partial or total thyroidectomy and had invasive C-PTC or FV-PTC per modern pathology criteria. Primary study measurements included differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and associations with clinicopathologic factors including the BRAF mutation. Compared to FV-PTC, C-PTC was associated with multiple features of high-risk disease (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced RFS and DSS. Survival differences were consistent across univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analyses. BRAF mutations were more common in C-PTC (P = 0.002). However, on Kaplan-Meier analysis, mutational status did not significantly impact RFS or DSS for patients with either histologic sub-type. C-PTC therefore indicates higher-risk disease and predicts for significantly poorer long-term outcomes when compared to FV-PTC. The nature of this difference in outcome is not explained by traditional histopathologic findings or by the BRAF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Henke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J Baranski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Todd DeWees
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Perry W Grigsby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to P W Grigsby:
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26
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Aydoğan Bİ, Ceyhan K, Şahin M, Çorapçıoğlu D. Are thyroid nodules with spongiform morphology always benign? Cytopathology 2018; 30:46-50. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berna İmge Aydoğan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Koray Ceyhan
- Department of Cytology; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçıoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
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27
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Abtahi S, Izadi Jahromi F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Malekzadeh M, Ghaderi A. Association between CTLA-4 + 49A > G and - 318C > T single-nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to thyroid neoplasm. Endocrine 2018; 62:159-165. [PMID: 30078171 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) is among the immune checkpoint molecules and its abnormal expression in cancer predisposed individuals might make the person more susceptible to tumor initiation and progression. Considering the implication of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CTLA-4 gene expression and probably protein function, one can assume the involvement of these SNPs in neoplastic diseases. rs5742909 ( - 318C > T) and rs231775 ( + 49 A > G) are among the most commonly studied SNPs and have been considered as genetic factors related to thyroid diseases. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to elucidate the association between these SNPs and susceptibility to various types of thyroid cancers. METHODS We investigated the genetic polymorphisms of - 318C > T and + 49 A > G in the CTLA-4 gene by means of ARMS-PCR and RFLP-PCR, respectively, in 167 patients with thyroid carcinomas (papillary, follicular, and anaplastic). The results were then compared with a group of 100 age-sex matched healthy individuals. RESULTS A statistically significant association was observed between the presence of G allele in + 49 A > G locus and thyroid carcinoma, when comparing cases and controls (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.35-3.28; P = 0.001) and the frequency of heterozygotes (AG) was higher than homozygotes for allele A (AA), in patients with and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Regarding Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the frequencies of A allele and AA genotype in PTC patients were higher than Hashimoto patients with no history of cancer (OR = 4.67, 95% CI = 2.70-8.08, P < 0.0001; and, OR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.84-11.91, P = 0.0012; respectively). However; we observed no difference among allele/genotype frequencies in regards to locus - 318C > T. CONCLUSION In this study, we observed that G allele in + 49 A > G and possibly lower expression of mutated CTLA-4 molecule, is associated with higher susceptibility to thyroid carcinoma. Although the G allele frequency was higher in thyroid cancer patients, when justified for the presence of lymphocytic thyroiditis, the presence of A allele seemed to increase the odds for PTC in patients with Hashimoto's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Abtahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Izadi Jahromi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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28
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Malik D, Kumar R, Mittal BR, Parkash G, Bal A, Bhattacharya A. Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis Masquerading as Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer on F-18 FDG PET/CT: Diagnostic Dilemma Solved by PET/CT-Guided Biopsy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:394-397. [PMID: 30344790 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of papillary thyroid cancer (post-thyroidectomy status) on regular treatment with suppressive Levothyroxine therapy. On follow-up at 6 months after radioactive iodine ablation for remnant thyroid tissue, her thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroglobulin levels were 0.06 ng/ml and 670 IU/ml, respectively. Low-dose whole-body I-131 scan was negative. To look for the cause of isolated increased anti-thyroglobulin level, a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT was done which revealed multiple FDG-avid lytic skeletal lesions suggestive of metastases. For confirmation of diagnosis, 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided metabolic biopsy was done, which revealed Langerhans' cell histiocytosis on histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Malik
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Gaurav Parkash
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- 3Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Anish Bhattacharya
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
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29
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Weart TC, Miller KD, Simone CB. Spotlight on dabrafenib/trametinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: place in therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:647-652. [PMID: 29662327 PMCID: PMC5892608 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s142269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a challenging disease. The limited utility of chemotherapy indicates the need for additional therapeutic options. Targeted therapy continues to be an important tool in the treatment of NSCLC. Mutations within the RAS–RAF–MEK–MAPK pathway, specifically the BRAF V600E mutation, have become an important target for the subset of NSCLC patients with this mutation. This paper summarizes the clinical evidence that lead to the recent approval of the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib to treat patients with advanced NSCLC who harbor a BRAF V600E mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Weart
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth D Miller
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles B Simone
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Perna A, De Luca A, Adelfi L, Pasquale T, Varriale B, Esposito T. Effects of different extracts of curcumin on TPC1 papillary thyroid cancer cell line. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 29448931 PMCID: PMC5815247 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. The vast majority of TCs (> 90%) originate from follicular cells and are defined as differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) and the two histological subtypes are the papillary TC with its variants and the follicular TC. Curcumin possesses a wide variety of biological functions, and thanks to its properties, it has gained considerable attention due to its profound medicinal values (Prasad, Gupta, Tyagi, and Aggarwal, Biotechnol Adv 32:1053-1064, 2014). We have undertaken the present work in order to define the possible role of curcumin in modulating the genetic expression of cell markers and to understand the effectiveness of this nutraceutical in modulating the regression of cancer phenotype. METHODS As a template we used the TPC-1 cells treated with the different extracts of turmeric, and examined the levels of expression of different markers (proliferative, inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic). RESULTS Treatment with the three different curcumin extracts displays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties and it is able to influence cell cycle with slightly different effects upon the extracts. Furthermore curcumin is able to influence cell metabolic activity vitality. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion curcumin has the potential to be developed as a safe therapeutic but further studies are needed to verify its antitumor ability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Adelfi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Tammaro Pasquale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Varriale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
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31
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de Morais RM, Sobrinho AB, de Souza Silva CM, de Oliveira JR, da Silva ICR, de Toledo Nóbrega O. The Role of the NIS (SLC5A5) Gene in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:9128754. [PMID: 30595693 PMCID: PMC6282135 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9128754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic and epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in the onset of several human neoplasms. Mutations and polymorphisms are two frequent genetic alterations. Located on chromosome 19 (19p13.11), the NIS SLC5A5 (solute carrier family 5 member 5) gene encodes a highly specialized and efficient 80-90 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates active transport of iodide from the bloodstream into the follicular cells. Given the highly significant role of NIS in the physiology and the cancer pathogenesis process, this paper's objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations between NIS gene and protein with papillary thyroid cancer.
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Savala R, Dey P, Gupta N. Artificial neural network model to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma on fine needle aspiration of thyroid. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:244-249. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Savala
- Department of Pathology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytology; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
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33
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Kelly BS, Govender P, Jeffers M, Kinsella J, Gibney J, Sherlock M, Torreggiani WC. Risk Stratification in Multinodular Goiter: A Retrospective Review of Sonographic Features, Histopathological Results, and Cancer Risk. Can Assoc Radiol J 2017; 68:425-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the management of thyroid nodules, although the potential for malignancy exists, there is also the potential for overtreatment of subclinical disease. Although the TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System) system outlines a risk stratification score based on suspicious ultrasound findings, it has not been universally accepted. Many TI-RADS 2 or 3 patients proceed to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), potentially unnecessarily. The aim of the study was to identify whether lesions within a multinodular goiter (MNG) without suspicious features can be followed with ultrasound rather than biopsied as is recommended for single nodules. Methods Pathology records were retrospectively analysed for proven MNGs over a 5-year period. A total of 293 cases were identified. FNAB, prebiopsy ultrasound images, and reports were identified for each case. Images were reviewed and assessed for sonographically suspicious criteria guided by TI-RADS. Logistic regression was applied to determine if any sonographic features were associated with neoplasia. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of 293 samples, 14 (4.7%) were neoplastic. Having no suspicious features conferred an average risk of 0.0339 (95% confidence interval: 0.02831-0.04087) of neoplasia. Risk of neoplasm significantly increased by having 1 and >1 suspicious feature ( P < .001). Regarding cytological results, of 237 patients with Thy-2 cytology, 159 were followed up and 8 had a neoplasm. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used to estimate risk of neoplasia in MNG. In the absence of suspicious radiological findings, follow-up with ultrasound rather than FNAB may be appropriate in patients who have a low clinical suspicion for neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan S. Kelly
- Department of Radiology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Pradeep Govender
- Department of Radiology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Michael Jeffers
- Department of Pathology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - John Kinsella
- Department of Otolaryngology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital Tallaght, Ireland
| | - James Gibney
- Department of Endocrinology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Mark Sherlock
- Department of Endocrinology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - William C. Torreggiani
- Department of Radiology, Adelaide Meath Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
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Kosmas K, Tsonou A, Mitropoulou G, Salemi E, kazi D, Theofanopoulou A. Malignant pleural effusion from papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by pleural effusion cytology: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:204-207. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kosmas
- Department of Cytopathology; General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “SOTIRIA,”; Greece
| | - Anna Tsonou
- Department of Cytopathology; General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “SOTIRIA,”; Greece
| | | | - Eufrosyni Salemi
- Department of Cytopathology; General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “SOTIRIA,”; Greece
| | - Danai kazi
- Department of Cytopathology; General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “SOTIRIA,”; Greece
| | - Ageliki Theofanopoulou
- Department of Cytopathology; General Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens “SOTIRIA,”; Greece
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Zhang T, Zhang D. Integrating omics data and protein interaction networks to prioritize driver genes in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58050-58060. [PMID: 28938536 PMCID: PMC5601632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous approaches have been proposed to discern driver from passenger, identification of driver genes remains a critical challenge in the cancer genomics field. Driver genes with low mutated frequency tend to be filtered in cancer research. In addition, the accumulation of different omics data necessitates the development of algorithmic frameworks for nominating putative driver genes. In this study, we presented a novel framework to identify driver genes through integrating multi-omics data such as somatic mutation, gene expression, and copy number alterations. We developed a computational approach to detect potential driver genes by virtue of their effect on their neighbors in network. Application to three datasets (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), thyroid carcinoma (THCA) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC)) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), by comparing the Precision, Recall and F1 score, our method outperformed DriverNet and MUFFINN in all three datasets. In addition, our method was less affected by protein length compared with DriverNet. Lastly, our method not only identified the known cancer genes but also detected the potential rare drivers (PTPN6 in THCA, SRC, GRB2 and PTPN6 in KIRC, MAPK1 and SMAD2 in HNSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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Fazekas-Lavu M, Parker A, Spigelman AD, Scott RJ, Epstein RJ, Jensen M, Samaras K. Thyroid cancer in a patient with Lynch syndrome - case report and literature review. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:915-918. [PMID: 28769567 PMCID: PMC5533473 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome describes a familial cancer syndrome comprising germline mutations in one of four DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 and is characterized by colorectal, endometrial, and other epithelial malignancies. Thyroid cancer is not usually considered to be part of the constellation of Lynch syndrome cancers nor have Lynch syndrome tumor gene mutations been reported in thyroid malignancies. This study reports a woman with Lynch syndrome (colonic cancer and a DNA mismatch repair mutation in the MSH2 gene) with a synchronous papillary thyroid cancer. Six years later, she developed metachronous breast cancer. Metastatic bone disease developed after 3 years, and the disease burden was due to both breast and thyroid diseases. Despite multiple interventions for both metastatic breast and thyroid diseases, the patient’s metastatic burden progressed and she died of leptomeningeal metastatic disease. Two prior case reports suggested thyroid cancer may be an extraintestinal malignancy of the Lynch syndrome cancer group. Hence, this study examined the genetic relationship between the patient’s known Lynch syndrome and her thyroid cancer. The thyroid cancer tissue showed normal expression of MSH2, suggesting that the tumor was not due to the oncogenic mutation of Lynch syndrome, and molecular analysis confirmed BRAF V600E mutation. Although in this case the thyroid cancer was sporadic, it raises the importance of considering cancer genetics in familial cancer syndromes when other cancers do not fit the criteria of the syndrome. Careful documentation of other malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer and their families would assist in better understanding of any potential association. Appropriate genetic testing will clarify whether a common pathogenic mechanism links seemingly unrelated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Parker
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan D Spigelman
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, St Vincent's Cancer Genetics Service, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of NSW, St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital and The Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michael Jensen
- Department of Oncological Surgery/General Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Samaras
- Department of Endocrinology.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Matrone A, Valerio L, Pieruzzi L, Giani C, Cappagli V, Lorusso L, Agate L, Puleo L, Viola D, Bottici V, Del Re M, Molinaro E, Danesi R, Elisei R. Protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of advanced and progressive radiorefractory thyroid tumors: From the clinical trials to the real life. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:319-334. [PMID: 28911728 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The last ten years have been characterized by the introduction in the clinical practice of new drugs named tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of several human tumors. After the positive conclusion of two international multicentric, randomized phase III clinical trials, two of these drugs, sorafenib and lenvatinib, have been recently approved and they are now available for the treatment of advanced and progressive radioiodine refractory thyroid tumors. We have been involved in most clinical trials performed with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors in different histotypes of thyroid cancer thus acquiring a lot of experience in the management of both drugs and their adverse events. Aim of this review is to give an overview of both the rationale for the use of these inhibitors in thyroid cancer and the major results of the clinical trials. Some suggestions for the management of treated patients in the real life are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Valerio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Pieruzzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Cappagli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Loredana Lorusso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Agate
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Puleo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David Viola
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Bottici
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
There has been a steady incorporation of powerful new molecular tools into the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. With an increasing incidence of nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) being diagnosed in children and adolescents, oncogene data are providing insight into the clinical differences between pediatric and adult patients with histologically similar DTC. However, additional investment and efforts are needed to define the genomic landscape for pediatric DTC with the goal of improving preoperative diagnostic accuracy as well as stratifying treatment in an effort to reduce complications of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs Deregulated in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with BRAF V600E Mutation by Bioinformatics Integrative Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1662. [PMID: 28490781 PMCID: PMC5431778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is an endocrine malignancy in which BRAFV600E oncogenic mutation induces the most aggressive phenotype. In this way, considering that lncRNAs are arising as key players in oncogenesis, it is of high interest the identification of BRAFV600E-associated long noncoding RNAs, which can provide possible candidates for secondary mechanisms of BRAF-induced malignancy in PTC. In this study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs correlated with BRAFV600E in PTC and, also, extended the cohort of paired normal and PTC samples to more accurately identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between these conditions. Indirectly validated targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC compared to matched normal samples demonstrated an involvement in surface receptors responsible for signal transduction and cell adhesion, as well as, regulation of cell death, proliferation and apoptosis. Targets of BRAFV600E-correlated lncRNAs are mainly involved in calcium signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and MAPK pathway. In summary, our study provides candidate lncRNAs that can be either used for future studies related to diagnosis/prognosis or as targets for PTC management.
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Moore MD, Panjwani S, Gray KD, Finnerty BM, Zarnegar R, Fahey TJ. The role of molecular diagnostic testing in the management of thyroid nodules. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:567-576. [PMID: 28423960 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1321987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine needle aspiration (FNA) with cytologic examination remains the standard of care for investigation of thyroid nodules. However, as many as 30% of FNA samples are cytologically indeterminate for malignancy, which confounds clinical management. To reduce the burden of repeat diagnostic testing and unnecessary surgery, there has been extensive investigation into molecular markers that can be detected on FNA specimens to more accurately stratify a patient's risk of malignancy. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss recent evidence and progress in molecular markers used in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer highlighting somatic gene alterations, molecular technologies and microRNA analysis. Expert commentary: The goal of molecular markers is to improve diagnostic accuracy and aid clinicians in the preoperative management of thyroid lesions. Modalities such as direct mutation analysis, mRNA gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing, and miRNA expression profiling have been explored to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodule FNA. Although no perfect test has been discovered, molecular diagnostic testing has revolutionized the management of thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen D Moore
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Suraj Panjwani
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Katherine D Gray
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Brendan M Finnerty
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Rasa Zarnegar
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas J Fahey
- a Department of Surgery , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Guo RS, Yu Y, Chen J, Chen YY, Shen N, Qiu M. Restoration of Brain Acid Soluble Protein 1 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Thyroid Cancer Cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1439-46. [PMID: 27270539 PMCID: PMC4910367 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.183434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1) is identified as a novel potential tumor suppressor in several cancers. However, its role in thyroid cancer has not been investigated yet. In the present study, the antitumor activities of BASP1 against the growth and migration of thyroid cancer cells were evaluated. METHODS BASP1 expression in thyroid cancer tissues and normal tissues were examined by immunohistochemical staining and the association between its expression and prognosis was analyzed. pcDNA-BASP1 carrying full length of BASP1 cDNA was constructed to restore the expression of BASP1 in thyroid cancer cell lines (BHT-101 and KMH-2). The cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by WST-1 assay and xenograft tumor models, respectively. Cell cycle distribution after transfection was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis after transfection was examined by annexin V/propidium iodide assay. The migration was examined using transwell assay. RESULTS BASP1 expression was abundant in normal tissues while it is significantly decreased in cancer tissues (P = 0.000). pcDNA-BASP1 restored the expression of BASP1 and significantly inhibited the growth of BHT-101 and KMH-2 cells as well as xenograft tumors in nude mice (P = 0.000). pcDNA-BASP1 induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in BHT-101 and KMH-2 cells. In addition, pcDNA-BASP1 significantly inhibited the cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of BASP1 expression may play a role in the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer. Restoration of BASP1 expression exerted extensive antitumor activities against growth and migration of thyroid cancer cells, which suggested that BASP1 gene might act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Sheng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201705; Department of General Surgery, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai 201822, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai 201822, China
| | - Yue-Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai 201822, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201705, China
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Farrokhi Yekta R, Rezaie Tavirani M, Arefi Oskouie A, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Soroush AR. The metabolomics and lipidomics window into thyroid cancer research. Biomarkers 2016; 22:595-603. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1256429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Farrokhi Yekta
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Rezaie Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. R. Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. R. Soroush
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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Sponziello M, Rosignolo F, Celano M, Maggisano V, Pecce V, De Rose RF, Lombardo GE, Durante C, Filetti S, Damante G, Russo D, Bulotta S. Fibronectin-1 expression is increased in aggressive thyroid cancer and favors the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:123-32. [PMID: 27173027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the expression levels of markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and the relation with tumor genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics. The role of fibronectin-1 (FN1) was investigated by analyzing the effects of FN1 silencing in two human thyroid cancer cell lines. Most of EMT markers were significantly over-expressed in a group of 36 PTCs. In particular, FN1 mRNA levels were higher in tumor vs non-tumor tissue (117.3, p < 0.001) and also in aggressive and BRAF(V600E) samples. Similar results were observed (and confirmed at the protein level) when FN1 expression was analyzed in a validation group of 50 PTCs and six lymph node (LN) metastases. Silencing of FN1 in TPC-1 and BCPAP thyroid cancer cells significantly reduced proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion in both cell lines. Collectively, our data indicate that FN1 overexpression is an important determinant of thyroid cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Shrestha RT, Evasovich MR, Amin K, Radulescu A, Sanghvi TS, Nelson AC, Shahi M, Burmeister LA. Correlation Between Histological Diagnosis and Mutational Panel Testing of Thyroid Nodules: A Two-Year Institutional Experience. Thyroid 2016; 26:1068-76. [PMID: 27283257 PMCID: PMC4976225 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, including atypia of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), continues to generate uncertainty about the presence of malignancy, resulting in repeated follow-up, repeat FNA, or diagnostic surgery. Mutational panel testing may improve the malignancy risk prediction in indeterminate nodules, but the general application of such testing has not been investigated extensively. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing thyroidectomy at a tertiary care facility over a two-year period. Mutational panel test results, when present, were analyzed relative to FNA cytologic result and surgical histopathologic diagnosis. Malignancy rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV) and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 261 operated thyroid nodules had the following initial FNA cytology results: 2% non-diagnostic, 23% benign, 28% AUS/FLUS, 11% SFN, 9% suspicious for malignancy (SUSP), and 27% malignant. The histopathologic malignancy rate was 48%, subcategorized by cytology into benign 7%, AUS/FLUS 30%, SFN 38%, and SUSP 83%. Mutations were more frequent in indeterminate nodules that were histologically malignant versus benign (p < 0.0001) or versus adenoma (p = 0.001). Mutational analysis in 44 AUS/FLUS nodules resulted in a malignancy detection sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 65%, a PPV of 50%, a NPV of 91%, and a positive LR of 2.4. In 12 SFN nodules analyzed with ThyroSeq(®) testing, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 57%, PPV 63%, NPV 100%, and LR 2.3. Performance of the seven-gene mutational panel was not significantly different from the ThyroSeq(®) panel in the AUS/FLUS group. The malignancy yield, comparing the mutation positive AUS/FLUS group with the untested AUS/FLUS surgical cohort, did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS In a surgical cohort, a similar NPV but a lower PPV was found with the use of mutational panel testing compared to the published literature. Following the identification of a mutation, the prevalence of malignancy in the AUS/FLUS or SFN category was increased by nearly 15% to 45% and 53%, respectively. Further study is needed to confirm these results and to analyze clinical outcome subcategories relative to the utility of mutational testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupendra T. Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Angela Radulescu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tina S. Sanghvi
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew C. Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maryam Shahi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lynn A. Burmeister
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Mitchell B, Dhingra JK, Mahalingam M. BRAF and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Lessons From Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2016; 23:244-71. [PMID: 27145091 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid carcinoma and primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) hint that dysregulation of BRAF might contribute to the noted association between PCM and thyroid carcinoma. A recent study evaluating the rate of BRAFV600E mutations among patients who had been diagnosed with primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and PCM showed that patients with either PCM or PTC were at an increased risk of developing the other as a second primary malignant neoplasm. Furthermore, the authors noted that samples from patients suffering from both malignancies exhibited a higher rate of incidence of the BRAFV600E mutation, compared with patients not suffering from both malignancies. These studies support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of these 2 malignancies might share a conserved molecular pattern associated with dysregulation of the BRAF protein. One mechanism through which BRAF might contribute to PCM and thyroid carcinoma progression is through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Specifically, the Snail/E-cadherin axis has been demonstrated as a pathway dysregulated by BRAF, leading to EMT in both malignancies. Our analysis focuses on the results of these recent investigations, and through a review of select molecules relevant to EMT, looks to provide a context by which to better understand the relevance and role of stromal-parenchymal signaling and the BRAF mutation in the pathogenesis of PTC and PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Mitchell
- *University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL †Department of Otolaryngology, Tufts Medical center, Boston, MA ‡Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, MA
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Aherne ST, Smyth P, Freeley M, Smith L, Spillane C, O'Leary J, Sheils O. Altered expression of mir-222 and mir-25 influences diverse gene expression changes in transformed normal and anaplastic thyroid cells, and impacts on MEK and TRAIL protein expression. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:433-45. [PMID: 27353001 PMCID: PMC4935456 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer-related deaths each year. Our group and others have previously demonstrated dysfunctional microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression in the context of thyroid cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of synthetic manipulation of expression of miR-25 and miR-222 in benign and malignant thyroid cells. miR-25 and miR-222 expression was upregulated in 8505C (an anaplastic thyroid cell line) and Nthy-ori (a SV40-immortalised thyroid cell line) cells, respectively. A transcriptomics-based approach was utilised to identify targets of the two miRNAs and real-time PCR and western blotting were used to validate a subset of the targets. Almost 100 mRNAs of diverse functions were found to be either directly or indirectly targeted by both miR-222 and miR-25 [fold change ≥2, false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05]. Gene ontology analysis showed the miR-25 gene target list to be significantly enriched for genes involved in cell adhesion. Fluidigm real-time PCR technologies were used to validate the downregulation of 23 and 22 genes in response to miR-25 and miR-222 overexpression, respectively. The reduction of the expression of two miR-25 protein targets, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4), was also validated. Manipulating the expression of both miR-222 and miR-25 influenced diverse gene expression changes in thyroid cells. Increased expression of miR-25 reduced MEK4 and TRAIL protein expression, and cell adhesion and apoptosis are important aspects of miR-25 functioning in thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Aherne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael Freeley
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Leila Smith
- Fluidigm Corporation, Suite 100, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cathy Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
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48
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Jiang R, Zhao C, Xu H, Zhao M, Sun X, Wang X, Song W. Correlation between polymorphisms of BRAF gene and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:431-7. [PMID: 25916409 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which accounts for 80% of all thyroid cancers, has an increasing incidence over these years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BRAF were considered to be one of well-established risk factors leading to development of PTC. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the common mutations of BRAF could elevate significantly the risk of PTC in a Chinese population. METHODS Four SNPs (rs11762469, rs17623204, rs1267636 and rs3748093) of BRAF were selected through our filter by Haploview 4.2 software with HapMap databases. We used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to genotype the four SNPs in blood samples of 618 subjects (206 patients with PTC and 412 healthy controls). The correlation between BRAF polymorphisms and PTC risk was assessed using student t-test and chi-square test. RESULTS The results showed that mutation in rs3748093 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTC in allele model (A allele vs. T allele, OR = 1·68, 95% CI = 1·16-2·43, P = 0·006), dominant model (TA + AA vs TT, OR = 1·64, 95% CI = 1·08-2·48, P = 0·019) and homozygote model (AA vs. TT, OR = 2·94, 95% CI = 1·00-8·61, P = 0·040). However, the other three SNPs (rs11762469, rs17623204 and rs1267636) were shown to have no association with the risk of PTC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that polymorphism of rs3748093*A was significantly correlated with an increased risk of PTC in a Chinese population. Further investigation on the aetiological mechanism of PTC is needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunming Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Romitti M, Wajner SM, Ceolin L, Ferreira CV, Ribeiro RVP, Rohenkohl HC, Weber SDS, Lopez PLDC, Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET, Maia AL. MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:135-46. [PMID: 26825960 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 3 deiodinase (DIO3, D3) is reactivated in human neoplasias. Increased D3 levels in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have been associated with tumor size and metastatic disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the signaling pathways involved in DIO3 upregulation in PTC. Experiments were performed in human PTC cell lines (K1 and TPC-1 cells) or tumor samples. DIO3 mRNA and activity were evaluated by real-time PCR and ion-exchange column chromatography respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of D3 protein. DIO3 gene silencing was performed via siRNA transfection. DIO3 mRNA levels and activity were readily detected in K1 (BRAF(V6) (0) (0E)) and, at lower levels, in TPC-1 (RET/PTC1) cells (P<0.007 and P=0.02 respectively). Similarly, DIO3 mRNA levels were higher in PTC samples harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation as compared with those with RET/PTC1 rearrangement or negative for these mutations (P<0.001). Specific inhibition of BRAF oncogene (PLX4032, 3 μM), MEK (U0126, 10-20 μM) or p38 (SB203580, 10-20 μM) signaling was associated with decreases in DIO3 expression in K1 and TPC-1 cells. Additionally, the blockage of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway by cyclopamine (10 μM) resulted in markedly decreases in DIO3 mRNA levels. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated DIO3 silencing induced decreases on cyclin D1 expression and partial G1 phase cell cycle arrest, thereby downregulating cell proliferation. In conclusion, sustained activation of the MAPK and SHH pathways modulate the levels of DIO3 expression in PTC. Importantly, DIO3 silencing was associated with decreases in cell proliferation, thus suggesting a D3 role in tumor growth and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Romitti
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucieli Ceolin
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Vaz Ferreira
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vanin Pinto Ribeiro
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Cecin Rohenkohl
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shana de Souto Weber
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilExperimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Moghaddam PA, Virk R, Sakhdari A, Prasad ML, Cosar EF, Khan A. Five Top Stories in Thyroid Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:158-70. [PMID: 26910221 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0468-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of endocrine organs, yet it only accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers in the United States with more than 35,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 450,000 people living with this disease. While most tumors can be diagnosed without much difficulty, a few tumor types, especially tumors with follicular pattern, sometimes pose a diagnostic challenge. OBJECTIVE To discuss morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of thyroid tumors. We also explore the clinicopathologic features of papillary microcarcinoma and medullary microcarcinoma and how the latter is related and differentiated from C-cell hyperplasia. Finally with the ever-growing list of organ systems involved in immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related diseases, we discuss the still not completely explored IgG-4-related thyroid disease. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature and institutional experience. CONCLUSIONS Histomorphologic evaluation still remains the gold standard for diagnosis in most cases of thyroid diseases. The application of ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis, including next-generation sequencing, is becoming more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Ahmadi Moghaddam
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester (Drs Moghaddam, Sakhdari, Cosar, and Khan)
| | - Renu Virk
- and the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Drs Virk and Prasad)
| | - Ali Sakhdari
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester (Drs Moghaddam, Sakhdari, Cosar, and Khan)
| | - Manju L Prasad
- and the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Drs Virk and Prasad)
| | - Ediz F Cosar
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester (Drs Moghaddam, Sakhdari, Cosar, and Khan)
| | - Ashraf Khan
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester (Drs Moghaddam, Sakhdari, Cosar, and Khan)
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