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Yu JE, Jeon SH, Kim MJ, Kim DH, Koo JK, Kim TH, Kim B, Yoon JY, Lim YS, Park SR, Yeo IJ, Yun J, Son DJ, Han SB, Lee YS, Hong JT. Anti-chitinase-3-like 1 antibody attenuated atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation through inhibition of STAT3-dependent CXCL8 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38745399 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1) causes skin inflammation in the progression of atopic dermatitis. We investigated if anti-CHI3L1 antibody could prevent the development of atopic dermatitis and its mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of CHI3L1 antibody on phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis animal model and in vitro reconstructed human skin (RHS) model were investigated. Expression and release of atopic dermatitis-related cytokines were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RT-qPCR, STAT3 and CXCL8 signalling were measured by western blotting. KEY RESULTS Anti-CHI3L1 antibody suppressed phthalic anhydride-induced epidermal thickening, clinical score, IgE level and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and reduced phthalic anhydride-induced inflammatory cytokines concentration. In addition, CHI3L1 antibody treatment inhibited the expression of STAT3 activity in phthalic anhydride-treated skin. It was also confirmed that CHI3L1 antibody treatment alleviated atopic dermatitis-related inflammation in the RHS model. The inhibitory effects of CHI3L1 antibody was similar or more effective compared with that of the IL-4 antibody. We further found that CHI3L1 is associated with CXCL8 by protein-association network analysis. siRNA of CHI3L1 blocked the mRNA levels of CHI3L1, IL-1β, IL-4, CXCL8, TSLP, and the expression of CHI3L1 and p-STAT, and the level of CXCL8, whereas recombinant level of CXCL8 was elevated. Moreover, siRNA of STAT3 reduced the mRNA level of these cytokines. CHI3L1 and p-STAT3 expression correlated with the reduced CXCL8 level in the RHS in vitro model. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrated that CHI3L1 antibody could be a promising effective therapeutic drug for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Keun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Autotelic Bio Inc., Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongcheol Kim
- Senelix Co. Ltd., Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Yoon
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Elkhenany H, Elkodous MA, Mansell JP. Ternary nanocomposite potentiates the lysophosphatidic acid effect on human osteoblast (MG63) maturation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1459-1475. [PMID: 37815159 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential of ternary nanocomposite (TNC) to support MG63 osteoblast maturation to EB1089-(3S)1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP) cotreatment. Materials & methods: Binary (P25/reduced graphene oxide [rGO]) nanocomposite was prepared, and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface to form TNC (P25/rGO/Ag). The influence of TNC on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression was evaluated in a model of osteoblast maturation wherein MG63 were costimulated with EB1089 and FHBP. Results: TNC had no cytotoxic effect on MG63. The addition of TNC to EB1089-FHBP cotreatment enhanced the maturation of MG63, as supported by the greater alkaline phosphatase activity and OPN and OCN gene expression. Conclusion: TNC could serve as a promising carrier for FHBP, opening up possibilities for its application in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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Neighbors M, Li Q, Zhu SJ, Liu J, Wong WR, Jia G, Sandoval W, Tew GW. Bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid species are associated with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100375. [PMID: 37075981 PMCID: PMC10205439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with significant mortality. Prognostic biomarkers to identify rapid progressors are urgently needed to improve patient management. Since the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway has been implicated in lung fibrosis in preclinical models and identified as a potential therapeutic target, we aimed to investigate if bioactive lipid LPA species could be prognostic biomarkers that predict IPF disease progression. LPAs and lipidomics were measured in baseline placebo plasma of a randomized IPF-controlled trial. The association of lipids with disease progression indices were assessed using statistical models. Compared to healthy, IPF patients had significantly higher levels of five LPAs (LPA16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:4) and reduced levels of two triglycerides species (TAG48:4-FA12:0, -FA18:2) (false discovery rate < 0.05, fold change > 2). Patients with higher levels of LPAs had greater declines in diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide over 52 weeks (P < 0.01); additionally, LPA20:4-high (≥median) patients had earlier time to exacerbation compared to LPA20:4-low (
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Sha Joe Zhu
- PD Data Science, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- PD Data Science, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Shanghai, China
| | - Weng Ruh Wong
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Guiquan Jia
- Department of Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Gaik W Tew
- I2O Technology and Translational Research, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.
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Shiel AI, Ayre WN, Blom AW, Hallam KR, Heard PJ, Payton O, Picco L, Mansell JP. Development of a facile fluorophosphonate-functionalised titanium surface for potential orthopaedic applications. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:140-151. [PMID: 32818135 PMCID: PMC7427324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements (TJRs) continues to be the main cause of implant failures. The socioeconomic impact of surgical revisions is hugely significant; in the United Kingdom alone, it is estimated that £137 m is spent annually on revision arthroplasties. Enhancing the longevity of titanium implants will help reduce the incidence and overall cost of failed devices. Methods In realising the development of a superior titanium technology, we exploited the natural affinity of titanium for phosphonic acids and developed a facile means of coating the metal with (3S)1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP), a phosphatase-resistant analogue of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Importantly LPA and selected LPA analogues like FHBP synergistically cooperate with calcitriol to promote human osteoblast formation and maturation. Results Herein, we provide evidence that simply immersing titanium in aqueous solutions of FHBP afforded a surface that was superior to unmodified metal at enhancing osteoblast maturation. Importantly, FHBP-functionalised titanium remained stable to 2 years of ambient storage, resisted ∼35 kGy of gamma irradiation and survived implantation into a bone substitute (Sawbone™) and irrigation. Conclusion The facile step we have taken to modify titanium and the robustness of the final surface finish are appealing properties that are likely to attract the attention of implant manufacturers in the future. The translational potential of this article We have generated a functionalised titanium (Ti) surface by simply immersing Ti in aqueous solutions of a bioactive lipid. As a facile procedure it will have greater appeal to implant manufacturers compared to onerous and costly developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Shiel
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Wayne N Ayre
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Keith R Hallam
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Peter J Heard
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Oliver Payton
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Loren Picco
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.,Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA
| | - Jason P Mansell
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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Baldwin F, Craig TJ, Shiel AI, Cox T, Lee K, Mansell JP. Polydopamine-Lysophosphatidate-Functionalised Titanium: A Novel Hybrid Surface Finish for Bone Regenerative Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E1583. [PMID: 32235562 PMCID: PMC7180599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements (TJRs) continues to be the main cause of implant failures. The socioeconomic impact of surgical revisions is hugely significant; in the United Kingdom alone, it is estimated that £135m is spent annually on revision arthroplasties. Enhancing the longevity of titanium implants will help reduce the incidence and overall cost of failed devices. In realising the development of a superior titanium (Ti) technology, we took inspiration from the growing interest in reactive polydopamine thin films for biomaterial surface functionalisations. Adopting a "one-pot" approach, we exposed medical-grade titanium to a mildly alkaline solution of dopamine hydrochloride (DHC) supplemented with (3S)1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP), a phosphatase-resistant analogue of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Importantly, LPA and selected LPA analogues like FHBP synergistically cooperate with calcitriol to promote human osteoblast formation and maturation. Herein, we provide evidence that simply immersing Ti in aqueous solutions of DHC-FHBP afforded a surface that was superior to FHBP-Ti at enhancing osteoblast maturation. The facile step we have taken to modify Ti and the biological performance of the final surface finish are appealing properties that may attract the attention of implant manufacturers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Baldwin
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (F.B.); (T.J.C.); (A.I.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tim J. Craig
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (F.B.); (T.J.C.); (A.I.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Anna I. Shiel
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (F.B.); (T.J.C.); (A.I.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Timothy Cox
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (F.B.); (T.J.C.); (A.I.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Kyueui Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Jason P. Mansell
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (F.B.); (T.J.C.); (A.I.S.); (T.C.)
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Yeo IJ, Lee CK, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Roles of chitinase 3-like 1 in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107394. [PMID: 31356910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates inflammation, macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is strongly increased by various inflammatory and immunological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and several cancers. However, its physiological and pathophysiological roles in the development of cancer and neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases remain unclear. Several studies have reported that CHI3L1 promotes cancer proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production, and microglial activation, and that multiple receptors, such as advanced glycation end product, syndecan-1/αVβ3, and IL-13Rα2, are involved. In addition, the pro-inflammatory action of CHI3L1 may be mediated via the protein kinase B and phosphoinositide-3 signaling pathways and responses to various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. Therefore, CHI3L1 could contribute to a vast array of inflammatory diseases. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the roles of CHI3L1 and suggest therapeutic approaches targeting CHI3L1 in the development of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Ma Y, Su N, Shen J, Zhang H, Wang H. Lysophosphatidic acid: Its role in bone cell biology and potential for use in bone regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106335. [PMID: 31054330 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects on numerous cell types by activating its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and participates in many biological processes, including organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Bone cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts play essential roles in bone homeostasis and repair. Previous studies have identified the presence of specific LPA receptors in these bone cells. In recent years, an increasing number of cellular effects of LPA, such as the induction of cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and cytokine secretion, have been found in different bone cells. Moreover, some biomaterials containing LPA have shown the ability to enhance osteogenesis. This review will focus on findings associated with LPA functions in these bone cells and present current studies related to the application of LPA in bone regenerative medicine. Further understanding this information will help us develop better strategies for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Naichuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Jumbe SL, Porazinski SR, Oltean S, Mansell JP, Vahabi B, Wilson ID, Ladomery MR. The Evolutionarily Conserved Cassette Exon 7b Drives ERG's Oncogenic Properties. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:134-142. [PMID: 30296658 PMCID: PMC6174920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogene ERG encodes an ETS family transcription factor and is implicated in blood, vascular, and bone development and in prostate, blood, and bone cancer. The ERG gene is alternatively spliced; of particular interest is its cassette exon 7b which adds 24 amino acids, in frame, to the transcriptional activation domain. Higher exon 7b inclusion rates are associated with increased cell proliferation and advanced prostate cancer. The 24 amino acids encoded by exon 7b show evolutionary conservation from humans to echinoderms, highlighting their functional importance. Throughout evolution, these 24 amino acids are encoded by a distinct short exon. Splice-switching oligonucleotides based on morpholino chemistry were designed to induce skipping of ERG exon 7b in MG63 osteosarcoma and VCaP prostate cancer cells. Induction of exon 7b skipping reduced cell proliferation and invasion, increased apoptosis in vitro, and reduced xenograft growth in vivo. We also show that ERG's exon 7b is required for the induction of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Together, these findings show that the evolutionarily conserved cassette exon 7b is central to ERG's oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Jumbe
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R Porazinski
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Mansell
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
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Alkaline phosphatase binds tenaciously to titanium; implications for biological surface evaluation following bone implant retrieval. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:472-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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