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Rivas MV, Musikant D, Díaz Peña R, Álvarez D, Pelazzo L, Rossi E, Martínez KD, Errea MI, Pérez OE, Varela O, Kolender AA. Carbohydrate-Derived Polytriazole Nanoparticles Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cilostazol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44631-44642. [PMID: 36530317 PMCID: PMC9753171 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amide-triazole) and poly(ester-triazole) synthesized from d-galactose as a renewable resource were applied for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) by the emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The NPs were characterized as stable, spherical particles, and none of their components, including the stabilizer poly(vinyl alcohol), were cytotoxic for normal rat kidney cells. These NPs proved to be useful for the efficient encapsulation of cilostazol (CLZ), an antiplatelet and vasodilator drug currently used for the treatment of intermittent claudication, which is associated with undesired side-effects. In this context, the nanoencapsulation of CLZ was expected to improve its therapeutic administration. The carbohydrate-derived polymeric NPs were designed taking into account that the triazole rings of the polymer backbone could have attractive interactions with the tetrazole ring of CLZ. The activity of the nanoencapsulated CLZ was measured using a matrix metalloproteinase model in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation system. Interestingly, the encapsulated drug exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the free drug. The results are very promising since the stable, noncytotoxic NP systems efficiently reduced the inflammation response at low CLZ doses. In summary, the NPs were obtained through an innovative methodology that combines a carbohydrate-derived synthetic polymer, designed to interact with the drug, ease of preparation, adequate biological performance, and environmentally friendly production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Verónica Rivas
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Musikant
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Díaz Peña
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Pelazzo
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Rossi
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Lavardén 315, C1437FBGBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina D. Martínez
- Facultad
de Arquitectura Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 3, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros
y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 3, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I. Errea
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Lavardén 315, C1437FBGBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Pérez
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana A. Kolender
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
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Zingales B, Bartholomeu DC. Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: impact on transmission cycles and Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210193. [PMID: 35544857 PMCID: PMC9088421 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease (ChD), exhibits remarkable biological and genetic diversity, along with eco-epidemiological complexity. In order to facilitate communication among researchers aiming at the characterisation of biological and epidemiological aspects of T. cruzi, parasite isolates and strains were partitioned into seven discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and TcBat, identifiable by reproducible genotyping protocols. Here we present the potential origin of the genetic diversity of T. cruzi and summarise knowledge about eco-epidemiological associations of DTUs with mammalian reservoirs and vectors. Circumstantial evidence of a connection between T. cruzi genotype and ChD manifestations is also discussed emphasising the role of the host’s immune response in clinical ChD progression. We describe genomic aspects of DTUs focusing on polymorphisms in multigene families encoding surface antigens that play essential functions for parasite survival both in the insect vector and the mammalian host. Such antigens most probably contributed to the parasite success in establishing infections in different hosts and exploring several niches. Gaps in the current knowledge and challenges for future research are pointed out.
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