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Zhang C, Liu C, Li B, Ma C, Li X, Niu S, Song H, Fan J, Zhang T, Han Z, Ren L. Flexible Multimodal Sensing System Based on a Vertical Stacking Strategy for Efficiently Decoupling Multiple Signals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3186-3195. [PMID: 38411393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Multisensory integration enables the simultaneous perception of multiple environmental stimuli while minimizing size and energy consumption. However, conventional multifunctional integration in flexible electronics typically requires large-scale horizontal sensing arrays (such as flexible printed circuit boards), posing decoupling complexities, tensile strain limitation, and spatial constraints. Herein, a fully flexible multimodal sensing system (FMSS) is developed by coupling biomimetic stretchable conductive films (BSCFs) and strain-insensitive communication interfaces using a vertical stacking integration strategy. The FMSS achieves vertical integration without additional adhesives, and it can incorporate individual sensing layers and stretchable interconnects without any essential constraint on their deformations. Accordingly, the temperature and pressure are precisely decoupled simultaneously, and tensile stress can be accurately discerned in different directions. This vertical stacking integration strategy is expected to offer a new approach to significantly streamline the design and fabrication of multimodal sensing systems and enhance their decoupling capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglie Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
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Yuan B, Tang YF, Xu Z, Wang JC, Zhou SY, Chen XS. Lyophilized bovine acellular tendon linear fiber material for the reconstruction of attachment structure of paraspinous muscles: an animal in vivo study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:79. [PMID: 36462052 PMCID: PMC9719447 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is common after lumbar spine surgery and the injury from extensive detachment of paraspinal muscles during the surgery may play a vital role. Previously, we prepared a bovine acellular tendon fiber (ATF) material through lyophilization and proved that it could retain its original fibrillar structure and mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this new fiber material used for attachment structure reconstruction of paraspinal muscle. Defect of spinous process, interspinous and supraspinous ligament was established on lumbar spine in rabbit and rat and ATF linear material was implanted to reconstruct the attachment structure. Ultrasound showed the cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscle in ATF group was larger than that of control group in rats. MRI showed the irregular shape and high signal changes in control group, but regular shape and uniform signal in the ATF group in rabbit. For Electromyogram, the frequency of evoked potential in control group was lower than ATF group and normal rats. HE and Masson staining showed good tissue healing, and immunohistochemical results showed the immune rejection of ATF is significantly lower than that of suture. Reconstruction of the attachment structure of paraspinous muscles with ATF linear material could maintain the morphology, volume and function of paraspinal muscle. ATF material has the potential to be used to manufacture personalized ligaments and other tissue engineering scaffolds. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiong-Sheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Amini M, Venkatesan JK, Liu W, Leroux A, Nguyen TN, Madry H, Migonney V, Cucchiarini M. Advanced Gene Therapy Strategies for the Repair of ACL Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214467. [PMID: 36430947 PMCID: PMC9695211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the principal ligament for stabilization of the knee, is highly predisposed to injury in the human population. As a result of its poor intrinsic healing capacities, surgical intervention is generally necessary to repair ACL lesions, yet the outcomes are never fully satisfactory in terms of long-lasting, complete, and safe repair. Gene therapy, based on the transfer of therapeutic genetic sequences via a gene vector, is a potent tool to durably and adeptly enhance the processes of ACL repair and has been reported for its workability in various experimental models relevant to ACL injuries in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. As critical hurdles to the effective and safe translation of gene therapy for clinical applications still remain, including physiological barriers and host immune responses, biomaterial-guided gene therapy inspired by drug delivery systems has been further developed to protect and improve the classical procedures of gene transfer in the future treatment of ACL injuries in patients, as critically presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Amini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh K. Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Leroux
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Tuan Ngoc Nguyen
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Véronique Migonney
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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T G D, Chen CH, Kuo CY, Shalumon KT, Chien YM, Kao HH, Chen JP. Development of high resilience spiral wound suture-embedded gelatin/PCL/heparin nanofiber membrane scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:314-333. [PMID: 36075304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study develops a spiral wound scaffold based on gelatin/PCL/heparin (GPH) nanofiber membranes for tendon tissue engineering. By embedding sutures in dual layers of aligned GPH nanofiber membranes, prepared from mixed electrospinning of gelatin and PCL/heparin solutions, we fabricate a high resilience scaffold intended for the high loading environment experienced by tendons. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was anchored to GPH scaffold through bioaffinity between heparin and bFGF, aim to provide biological cues for maintenance of tenogenic phenotype. In addition, the aligned nanofiber morphology is expected to provide physical cues toward seeded tenocytes. With sustained release of bFGF, GPH-bFGF can enhance proliferation, up-regulate tenogenic gene expression, and increase synthesis of tendon-specific proteins by tenocytes in vitro. Furthermore, by properly maintaining tendon phenotypes, GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs showed improved mechanical properties over GPH-bFGF. From in vivo study using GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs to repair rabbit Achilles tendon defects, neotendon tissue formation was confirmed from histological staining and biomechanical analysis. These findings collectively demonstrate that the newly designed GPH-bFGF scaffold could provide a niche for inducing tendon tissue regeneration by effectively restoring the tendon tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan T G
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, MG University, Kochi 682013, India
| | - Yen-Miao Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsi Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Zhou SY, Yuan B, Huang WM, Chen XS, Jia LS. Aponeurosis discission, a low-detergent method for tissue-engineered acellular ligament scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:40. [PMID: 35507049 PMCID: PMC9068632 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detergent treatment is the most commonly used method for the decellularization of ligaments and tendon grafts. However, it is well recognized that detergent treatment can also adversely affect the extracellular matrix. This study found that discission into the aponeurosis layer of the patellar tendon (PT) before decellularization is conducive to extracting cells from the PT using a low quantity of detergent in a short time period. The acellular aponeurosis discission ligament (AADL) retains its native collagen fibril structure and mechanical properties. Moreover, the PT retained cell and tissue compatibility in vitro and in vivo. After implantation into a defective allogeneic PT, we found that the AADL healed well in the host, and its collagen structure exhibited gradual improvement 12 months after implantation with satisfactory reconstruction. IMPACT: The aponeurosis of tendons/ligaments is the main barrier to achieving complete decellularization, and it thus prevents complete recellularization for applications in tissue engineering. Aponeurosis can obstruct the removal of cell components. We found that excising the aponeurosis before decellularization allows for the removal of cellular components with a reduced amount of detergent, thus improving the biological properties of the acellular ligament. To the best of our knowledge, no similar studies have been performed. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wen-Mao Huang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiong-Sheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Lian-Shun Jia
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, China
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Zhou S, Yuan B, Huang W, Tang Y, Chen X. Preparation and biological characteristics of a bovine acellular tendon fiber material. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1931-1941. [PMID: 33811434 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acellular tendon matrix is an ideal substitute for constructing tissue engineering ligaments, but using detergents causes damage to collagen and fibrin during the process of decellularization. In this study, fresh tendons were lyophilized and separated into fresh tendon fiber (FTF) bundles, and then the cellular components in FTF were removed to prepare acellular tendon fiber (ATF) without adding chemical detergent. H&E staining and DAPI fluorescence microscopy showed no nucleus and DNA residue. Compared with FTFs, the DNA content of ATFs was significantly lower without the collagen content change before and after decellularization. The microstructure of collagen fibrils in ATFs was intact under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the maximum tensile load and elastic modulus between FTFs and ATFs were not statistically different. The ATF bundles were cultured with SD rat tenocytes for 72 hr and cells attachment to fiber surfaces were observed under SEM. ATF bundles were then implanted into paraspinal muscles, and histological analysis showed fibroblast-like cells within the ATFs and was similar to the control group (fresh tendon autograft) in morphology. H&E staining showed that the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in ATF was less than that in fresh tendon autograft. ATF bundles were twisted into linear fiber materials by hand, of which the maximum breaking strength was similar to silk with same diameter. These findings demonstrated that ATFs retain their original fibril structure and mechanical properties after decellularization by trypsin and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease without detergent. Lyophilized ATFs linear fiber material provides the possibility of preparing personalized ligament and other tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Garcia Garcia A, Perot JB, Beldjilali-Labro M, Dermigny Q, Naudot M, Le Ricousse S, Legallais C, Bedoui F. Monitoring mechanical stimulation for optimal tendon tissue engineering: A mechanical and biological multiscale study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1881-1892. [PMID: 33871170 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of mechanical stimulation on cell response, bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on electrospun scaffolds under two distinct mechanical conditions (static and dynamic). Comparison between initial and final mechanical and biological properties of the cell-constructs were conducted over 14 days for both culturing conditions. As a result, mechanically stimulated constructs, in contrast to their static counterparts, showed evident mechanical-induced cell orientation, an effective aligned collagen and tenomodulin extracellular matrix. This orientation provides clues on the importance of mechanical stimulation to induce a tendon-like differentiation. In addition, cell and collagen orientation lead to enhanced storage modulus observed under dynamic stimulation. Altogether mechanical stimulation lead to (a) cell and matrix orientation through the sense of the stretch and (b) a dominant elastic response in the cell-constructs with a minor contribution of the viscosity in the global mechanical behavior. Such a correlation could help in further studies to better understand the effect of mechanical stimulation in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia Garcia
- CNRS, UMR 7338 Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiegne, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Perot
- CNRS, UMR 7338 Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiegne, France
| | - Megane Beldjilali-Labro
- CNRS, UMR 7338 Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiegne, France
| | - Quentin Dermigny
- CNRS, UMR 7338 Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiegne, France
| | - Marie Naudot
- EA4666-LNPC-Immunologie Therapie Cellulaire Hématologie Cancers, CURS, Hopital Sud Avenue René Laennec, Salouel, France
| | - Sophie Le Ricousse
- EA4666-LNPC-Immunologie Therapie Cellulaire Hématologie Cancers, CURS, Hopital Sud Avenue René Laennec, Salouel, France
| | - Cecile Legallais
- CNRS, UMR 7338 Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiegne, France
| | - Fahmi Bedoui
- FRE CNRS 2012 Roberval Laboratory for Mechanics, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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Characterization of Bone Marrow and Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Response on Multilayer Braided Silk and Silk/PLCL Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092163. [PMID: 32971891 PMCID: PMC7569883 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A suitable scaffold with adapted mechanical and biological properties for ligament tissue engineering is still missing. (2) Methods: Different scaffold configurations were characterized in terms of morphology and a mechanical response, and their interactions with two types of stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs)) were assessed. The scaffold configurations consisted of multilayer braids with various number of silk layers (n = 1, 2, 3), and a novel composite scaffold made of a layer of copoly(lactic acid-co-(e-caprolactone)) (PLCL) embedded between two layers of silk. (3) Results: The insertion of a PLCL layer resulted in a higher porosity and better mechanical behavior compared with pure silk scaffold. The metabolic activities of both WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs increased from day 1 to day 7 except for the three-layer silk scaffold (S3), probably due to its lower porosity. Collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III) and tenascin-c (TNC) were expressed by both MSCs on all scaffolds, and expression of Col I was higher than Col III and TNC. (4) Conclusions: the silk/PLCL composite scaffolds constituted the most suitable tested configuration to support MSCs migration, proliferation and tissue synthesis towards ligament tissue engineering.
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Keijdener H, Konrad J, Hoffmann B, Gerardo-Nava J, Rütten S, Merkel R, Vázquez-Jiménez J, Brook GA, Jockenhoevel S, Mela P. A bench-top molding method for the production of cell-laden fibrin micro-fibers with longitudinal topography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1198-1212. [PMID: 31408584 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered constructs have great potential in many intervention strategies. In order for these constructs to function optimally, they should ideally mimic the cellular alignment and orientation found in the tissues to be treated. Here we present a simple and reproducible method for the production of cell-laden pure fibrin micro-fibers with longitudinal topography. The micro-fibers were produced using a molding technique and longitudinal topography was induced by a single initial stretch. Using this method, fibers up to 1 m in length and with diameters of 0.2-3 mm could be produced. The micro-fibers were generated with embedded endothelial cells, smooth muscle cell/fibroblasts or Schwann cells. Polarized light and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the initial stretch was sufficient to induce longitudinal topography in the fibrin gel. Cells in the unstretched control micro-fibers elongated randomly in both the floating and encapsulated environments, whereas the cells in the stretched micro-fibers responded to the introduced topography by adopting a similar orientation. Proof of concept bottom-up tissue engineering (TE) constructs are shown, all displaying various anisotropic organization of cells within. This simple, economical, versatile and scalable approach for the production of highly orientated and cell-laden micro-fibers is easily transferrable to any TE laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Keijdener
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Konrad
- Institute of Complex Systems 7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems 7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - José Gerardo-Nava
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopic Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Complex Systems 7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Gary A Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Chen X, Jones IA, Park C, Vangsness CT. The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Tendon and Ligament Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Bias Assessment. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2020-2032. [PMID: 29268037 PMCID: PMC6339617 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517743746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a surge in high-level studies investigating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for tendon and ligament injuries. A number of meta-analyses have been published, but few studies have focused exclusively on tendon and ligament injuries. PURPOSE To perform a meta-analysis assessing the ability of PRP to reduce pain in patients with tendon and ligament injuries. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS This study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out in April 2017 using electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Only level 1 studies were included. Platelet and leukocyte count, injection volume, kit used, participant age/sex, comparator, and activating agent used were recorded. The short-term and long-term efficacy of PRP was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Injury subgroups (rotator cuff, tendinopathy, anterior cruciate ligament, and lateral epicondylitis) were evaluated. Funnel plots and the Egger test were used to screen for publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of potential outliers by removing studies one at a time. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles were included in this review, 21 (1031 participants) of which could be included in the quantitative analysis. The majority of studies published investigated rotator cuff injuries (38.1%) or lateral epicondylitis (38.1%). Seventeen studies (844 participants) reported short-term VAS data, and 14 studies (771 participants) reported long-term VAS data. Overall, long-term follow-up results showed significantly less pain in the PRP group compared with the control group (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.84; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.44; P < .01). Patients treated with PRP for rotator cuff injuries (WMD, -0.53; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.09; P = .02) and lateral epicondylitis (WMD, -1.39; 95% CI, -2.49 to -0.29; P = .01) reported significantly less pain in the long term. Substantial heterogeneity was reported at baseline ( I2 = 72.0%; P < .01), short-term follow-up ( I2 = 72.5%; P < .01), long-term follow-up ( I2 = 76.1%; P < .01), and overall ( I2 = 75.8%; P < .01). The funnel plot appeared to be asymmetric, with some missingness at the lower right portion of the plot suggesting possible publication bias. CONCLUSION This review shows that PRP may reduce pain associated with lateral epicondylitis and rotator cuff injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - IA Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C Park
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - CT Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Wu Y, Han Y, Wong YS, Fuh JYH. Fibre-based scaffolding techniques for tendon tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1798-1821. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department; Penn State University; University Park PA USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park PA USA
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine; USC Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park; Suzhou China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur 247 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram K. Samal
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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13
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Okada T, Nobunaga Y, Konishi T, Yoshioka T, Hayakawa S, Lopes MA, Miyazaki T, Shirosaki Y. Preparation of chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite mono-fiber using coagulation method and their mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Narayanan G, Bhattacharjee M, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: the Role of the Stem Cells. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Chen CH, Chen SH, Kuo CY, Li ML, Chen JP. Response of Dermal Fibroblasts to Biochemical and Physical Cues in Aligned Polycaprolactone/Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Scaffolds for Application in Tendon Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E219. [PMID: 28800110 PMCID: PMC5575701 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) and fiber alignment were introduced into polycaprolactone (PCL)-based electrospun nanofibers as chemical and physical cues for tendon tissue engineering applications. The physicochemical properties of random PCL (RP) nanofibers, random PCL/SF (RPSF) nanofibers and aligned PCL/SF (APSF) nanofibers were characterized for fiber orientation and SF blending effects. An in vitro cell culture with rabbit dermal fibroblasts (RDFBs) on nanofibers indicated that SF promotes cell proliferation to a higher extent than fiber alignment. Cells aligned in the direction of fiber axes could be confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and cytoskeleton staining. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments indicated up-regulated gene expression of tendon marker proteins (type I collagen (Col I), fibronectin and biglycan) on APSF nanofibers and tendon reconstruction was confirmed from Col III gene expression. Animal experiments with Achilles tendon defect repairs in rabbits were carried out with RPSF and APSF scaffolds. The beneficial effects of fiber alignment were verified from histological and immunohistochemical staining, where cell migration and extracellular matrix protein deposition tend to stretch in a parallel direction along the axial direction of APSF nanofibers with enhanced Col I and tenascin C production. Biomechanical testing indicated the tensile stiffness and maximum load of cell-seeded APSF scaffolds were 60.2 and 81.3% of normal tendon values, respectively, which are significantly higher than cell-seeded RPSF or acellular APSF and RPSF scaffolds. These results suggest that APSF nanofiber scaffolds combined with RDFBs have the potential to repair the gap defects of Achilles tendons in vivo and to effectively restore the function and structure of tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Lun Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Institute Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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16
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Wu JP, Swift BJ, Becker T, Squelch A, Wang A, Zheng YC, Zhao X, Xu J, Xue W, Zheng M, Lloyd D, Kirk TB. High-resolution study of the 3D collagen fibrillary matrix of Achilles tendons without tissue labelling and dehydrating. J Microsc 2017; 266:273-287. [PMID: 28252807 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the collagen structure of an Achilles tendon is critical to comprehend the physiology, biomechanics, homeostasis and remodelling of the tissue. Despite intensive studies, there are still uncertainties regarding the microstructure. The majority of studies have examined the longitudinally arranged collagen fibrils as they are primarily attributed to the principal tensile strength of the tendon. Few studies have considered the structural integrity of the entire three-dimensional (3D) collagen meshwork, and how the longitudinal collagen fibrils are integrated as a strong unit in a 3D domain to provide the tendons with the essential tensile properties. Using second harmonic generation imaging, a 3D imaging technique was developed and used to study the 3D collagen matrix in the midportion of Achilles tendons without tissue labelling and dehydration. Therefore, the 3D collagen structure is presented in a condition closely representative of the in vivo status. Atomic force microscopy studies have confirmed that second harmonic generation reveals the internal collagen matrix of tendons in 3D at a fibril level. Achilles tendons primarily contain longitudinal collagen fibrils that braid spatially into a dense rope-like collagen meshwork and are encapsulated or wound tightly by the oblique collagen fibrils emanating from the epitenon region. The arrangement of the collagen fibrils provides the longitudinal fibrils with essential structural integrity and endows the tendon with the unique mechanical function for withstanding tensile stresses. A novel 3D microscopic method has been developed to examine the 3D collagen microstructure of tendons without tissue dehydrating and labelling. The study also provides new knowledge about the collagen microstructure in an Achilles tendon, which enables understanding of the function of the tissue. The knowledge may be important for applying surgical and tissue engineering techniques to tendon reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Wu
- 3D Imaging and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
- The School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin John Swift
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Thomas Becker
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Squelch
- Pawsey Supercomputing Centre and Department of Exploration Geophysics, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
| | - Allan Wang
- St John of God Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yong-Chang Zheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Brett Kirk
- 3D Imaging and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia
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17
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Wu Y, Wong YS, Fuh JYH. Degradation behaviors of geometric cues and mechanical properties in a 3D scaffold for tendon repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1138-1149. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute; Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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18
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Liao Z, Sinjab F, Nommeots-Nomm A, Jones J, Ruiz-Cantu L, Yang J, Rose F, Notingher I. Feasibility of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy for in Vitro and in Vivo Monitoring Mineralization of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Anal Chem 2016; 89:847-853. [PMID: 27983789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for nondestructive characterization of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The deep regions of these scaffolds, or scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in live animals, are typically difficult to measure by confocal Raman spectroscopy techniques because of the limited depth penetration of light caused by the high level of light scattering. Layered samples consisting of bioactive glass foams (IEIC16), three-dimensional (3D)-printed biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds (PLGA), and hydroxyapatite powder (HA) were used to mimic nondestructive detection of biomineralization for intact real-size 3D tissue engineering constructs. SORS spectra were measured with a new SORS instrument using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to allow software selection of the spatial offsets. The results show that HA can be reliably detected at depths of 0-2.3 mm, which corresponds to the maximum accessible spatial offset of the current instrument. The intensity ratio of Raman bands associated with the scaffolds and HA with the spatial offset depended on the depth at which HA was located. Furthermore, we show the feasibility for in vivo monitoring mineralization of scaffold implanted subcutaneously by demonstrating the ability to measure transcutaneously Raman signals of the scaffolds and HA (fresh chicken skin used as a top layer). The ability to measure spectral depth profiles at high speed (5 s acquisition time) and the ease of implementation make SORS a promising approach for noninvasive characterization of cell/tissue development in vitro, and for long-term in vivo monitoring the mineralization in 3D scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Faris Sinjab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Nommeots-Nomm
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cantu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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19
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Chan KOW, Tong HHY, Ng GYF. Topical Fish Oil Application Coupling with Therapeutic Ultrasound Improves Tendon Healing. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2983-2989. [PMID: 27692307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil has been shown to promote collagen synthesis, and hence, connective tissue healing. Therapeutic ultrasound is commonly used to treat soft tissue injuries. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of topical fish oil on the management of Achilles tendon rupture, comparing normal therapeutic ultrasound with a combination of ultrasound and fish oil. Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical hemitenotomy of the right medial Achilles tendon. The rats received daily treatment of either topical placebo ointment (control group [CON]), topical fish oil (FO), therapeutic ultrasound (US) or ultrasound with fish oil as the coupling medium (FU). The treatment started on post-surgical day 2 over a 2-wk or 4-wk period. On days 15 and 29, the rats were sacrificed and their Achilles tendons were tested for structural stiffness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and energy absorption capacity. At 2 wk, only US showed higher normalized UTS compared with CON (p < 0.05). At 4 wk, both US and FU demonstrated better UTS (p < 0.05), while both FO and FU had improved in structural stiffness (p < 0.05). Four wk of treatment with ultrasound using fish oil as coupling medium showed improvement in both structural stiffness and UTS (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly O W Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Henry H Y Tong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau SAR, China
| | - Gabriel Y F Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Induction of Tenogenic Differentiation Mediated by Extracellular Tendon Matrix and Short-Term Cyclic Stretching. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7342379. [PMID: 27630718 PMCID: PMC5007347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7342379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament pathologies are still a therapeutic challenge, due to the difficulty in restoring the complex extracellular matrix architecture and biomechanical strength. While progress is being made in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering approaches, comprehensive understanding of the fate of progenitor cells in tendon healing is still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of decellularized tendon matrix and moderate cyclic stretching as natural stimuli which could potentially direct tenogenic fate. Equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were seeded on decellularized tendon matrix scaffolds. Mechanical stimulation was applied in a custom-made cyclic strain bioreactor. Assessment was performed 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h following mechanical stimulation. Scaffold culture induced cell alignment and changes in expression of tendon-related genes, although cell viability was decreased compared to monolayer culture. Short mechanical stimulation periods enhanced most of the scaffold-induced effects. Collagen 1A2 expression levels were decreased, while collagen 3A1 and decorin levels were increased. Tenascin-C and scleraxis expression showed an initial decrease but had increased 24 h after stimulation. The results obtained suggest that decellularized tendon matrix, supported by cyclic stretching, can induce tenogenic differentiation and the synthesis of tendon components important for matrix remodeling.
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21
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Rehmann MS, Luna JI, Maverakis E, Kloxin AM. Tuning microenvironment modulus and biochemical composition promotes human mesenchymal stem cell tenogenic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1162-74. [PMID: 26748903 PMCID: PMC5510610 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for the regeneration of tendon and ligament tissues. Toward realizing this potential, microenvironment conditions are needed for promoting robust lineage-specific differentiation into tenocytes/ligament fibroblasts. Here, we utilized a statistical design of experiments approach to examine combinations of matrix modulus, composition, and soluble factors in human MSC tenogenic/ligamentogenic differentiation. Specifically, well-defined poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels were synthesized using thiol-ene chemistry providing a bioinert base for probing cell response to extracellular matrix cues. Monomer concentrations were varied to achieve a range of matrix moduli (E ∼ 10-90 kPa), and different ratios of integrin-binding peptides were incorporated (GFOGER and RGDS for collagen and fibronectin, respectively), mimicking aspects of developing tendon/ligament tissue. A face-centered central composite response surface design was utilized to understand the contributions of these cues to human MSC differentiation in the presence of soluble factors identified to promote tenogenesis/ligamentogenesis (BMP-13 and ascorbic acid). Increasing modulus and collagen mimetic peptide content increased relevant gene expression and protein production or retention (scleraxis, collagen I, tenascin-C). These findings could inform the design of materials for tendon/ligament regeneration. More broadly, the design of experiments enabled efficient data acquisition and analysis, requiring fewer replicates than if each factor had been varied one at a time. This approach can be combined with other stimuli (for example, mechanical stimulation) toward a better mechanistic understanding of differentiation down these challenging lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Jesus I Luna
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95816
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95816
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
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22
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Negahi Shirazi A, Chrzanowski W, Khademhosseini A, Dehghani F. Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Structure, Injuries and Regenerative Treatments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 881:161-86. [PMID: 26545750 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most vulnerable ligaments of the knee. ACL impairment results in episodic instability, chondral and meniscal injury and early osteoarthritis. The poor self-healing capacity of ACL makes surgical treatment inevitable. Current ACL reconstructions include a substitution of torn ACL via biological grafts such as autograft, allograft. This review provides an insight of ACL structure, orientation and properties followed by comparing the performance of various constructs that have been used for ACL replacement. New approaches, undertaken to induce ACL regeneration and fabricate biomimetic scaffolds, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Negahi Shirazi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Leferink AM, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Methods of Monitoring Cell Fate and Tissue Growth in Three-Dimensional Scaffold-Based Strategies for In Vitro Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:265-83. [PMID: 26825610 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for methods that allow assessing the performance of tissue-engineered constructs noninvasively in vitro and in vivo. To date, histological analysis is the golden standard to retrieve information on tissue growth, cellular distribution, and cell fate on tissue-engineered constructs after in vitro cell culture or on explanted specimens after in vivo applications. Yet, many advances have been made to optimize imaging techniques for monitoring tissue-engineered constructs with a sub-mm or μm resolution. Many imaging modalities have first been developed for clinical applications, in which a high penetration depth has been often more important than lateral resolution. In this study, we have reviewed the current state of the art in several imaging approaches that have shown to be promising in monitoring cell fate and tissue growth upon in vitro culture. Depending on the aimed tissue type and scaffold properties, some imaging methods are more applicable than others. Optical methods are mostly suited for transparent materials such as hydrogels, whereas magnetic resonance-based methods are mostly applied to obtain contrast between hard and soft tissues regardless of their transparency. Overall, this review shows that the field of imaging in scaffold-based tissue engineering is developing at a fast pace and has the potential to overcome the limitations of destructive endpoint analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 BIOS/Lab-on-a-chip Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Ying Hsi Fuh J, San Wong Y, Wang W, San Thian E. Direct E-jet printing of three-dimensional fibrous scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:616-627. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Zuyong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119074 Singapore
| | - Eng San Thian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
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25
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Nano/Micro Hybrid Scaffold of PCL or P3HB Nanofibers Combined with Silk Fibroin for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2015; 13:e156-68. [DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel biodegradable nano/micro hybrid structure was obtained by electrospinning P3HB or PCL nanofibers onto a twisted silk fibroin (SF) structure, with the aim of fabricating a suitable scaffold for tendon and ligament tissue engineering. The electrospinning (ES) processing parameters for P3HB and PCL were optimized on 2D samples, and applied to produce two different nano/micro hybrid constructs (SF/ES-PCL and SF/ES-P3HB). Morphological, chemico-physical and mechanical properties of the novel hybrid scaffolds were evaluated by SEM, ATR FT-IR, DSC, tensile and thermodynamic mechanical tests. The results demonstrated that the nanofibers were tightly wrapped around the silk filaments, and the crystallinity of the SF twisted yarns was not influenced by the presence of the electrospun polymers. The slightly higher mechanical properties of the hybrid constructs confirmed an increase of internal forces due to the interaction between nano and micro components. Cell culture tests with L929 fibroblasts, in the presence of the sample eluates or in direct contact with the hybrid structures, showed no cytotoxic effects and a good level of cytocompatibility of the nano/micro hybrid structures in term of cell viability, particularly at day 1. Cell viability onto the nano/micro hybrid structures decreased from the first to the third day of culture when compared with the control culture plastic, but appeared to be higher when compared with the uncoated SF yarns. Although additional in vitro and in vivo tests are needed, the original fabrication method here described appears promising for scaffolds suitable for tendon and ligament tissue engineering.
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26
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Developing functional musculoskeletal tissues through hypoxia and lysyl oxidase-induced collagen cross-linking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4832-41. [PMID: 25349395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414271111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability to recapitulate native tissue biomechanics, especially tensile properties, hinders progress in regenerative medicine. To address this problem, strategies have focused on enhancing collagen production. However, manipulating collagen cross-links, ubiquitous throughout all tissues and conferring mechanical integrity, has been underinvestigated. A series of studies examined the effects of lysyl oxidase (LOX), the enzyme responsible for the formation of collagen cross-links. Hypoxia-induced endogenous LOX was applied in multiple musculoskeletal tissues (i.e., cartilage, meniscus, tendons, ligaments). Results of these studies showed that both native and engineered tissues are enhanced by invoking a mechanism of hypoxia-induced pyridinoline (PYR) cross-links via intermediaries like LOX. Hypoxia was shown to enhance PYR cross-linking 1.4- to 6.4-fold and, concomitantly, to increase the tensile properties of collagen-rich tissues 1.3- to 2.2-fold. Direct administration of exogenous LOX was applied in native cartilage and neocartilage generated using a scaffold-free, self-assembling process of primary chondrocytes. Exogenous LOX was found to enhance native tissue tensile properties 1.9-fold. LOX concentration- and time-dependent increases in PYR content (∼ 16-fold compared with controls) and tensile properties (approximately fivefold compared with controls) of neocartilage were also detected, resulting in properties on par with native tissue. Finally, in vivo subcutaneous implantation of LOX-treated neocartilage in nude mice promoted further maturation of the neotissue, enhancing tensile and PYR content approximately threefold and 14-fold, respectively, compared with in vitro controls. Collectively, these results provide the first report, to our knowledge, of endogenous (hypoxia-induced) and exogenous LOX applications for promoting collagen cross-linking and improving the tensile properties of a spectrum of native and engineered tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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27
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Dong S, Jiang T, Zhou Y, Zhang X. In vitro investigation of a tissue-engineered cell-tendon complex mimicking the transitional architecture at the ligament-bone interface. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:1180-92. [PMID: 25311754 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214555168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of the transitional ligament-bone interface is critical for graft-bone integration. We postulated that an allogenic scaffold mimicking the fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic transition gradients could physiologically promote ligament-bone incorporation. The aim of this study was to construct and characterize a composite tendon scaffold with a continuous and heterogeneous transition region mimicking a native ligament insertion site. Genetically modified heterogeneous cell populations were seeded within specific regions of decellularized rabbit Achilles tendons to fabricate a stratified scaffold containing three biofunctional regions supporting fibrogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. The observed morphology, architecture, cytocompatibility, and biomechanics of the scaffolds demonstrated their improved bio-physico-chemical properties. The formation of the transitional regions was augmented via enhanced delivery of two transcription factors, sex determining region Y-box 9 and runt-related transcription factor 2, which also triggered early up-regulated expression of cartilage- and bone-relevant markers, according to quantitative PCR and immunoblot analyses. Gradient tissue-specific matrix formation was also confirmed within the predesignated regions via histological staining and immunofluorescence assays. These results suggest that a transitional interface could be replicated on an engineered tendon through stratified tissue integration. The scaffold offers the advantages of a multitissue transition involving controlled cellular interactions and matrix heterogeneity, which can be applied for the regeneration of the ligament-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Changjiang Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, PR China
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Silk Fibroin Nano-Coated Textured Silk Yarn by Electrospinning Method for Tendon and Ligament Scaffold Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.7.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of combined nanofibers with textile structures for various applications such as tissue engineering has been highly regarded. Among the different methods, electrospinning mechanism is more important to produce polymeric nanofibers in extensive diameters that has been used to fabricate silk fibroin nanofibers in this research. On the basis of the statistical analysis and analytic hierarchy process optimization method, the optimum electrospinning parameters to produce good morphology of nanofibers and the best conditions of texturing process to fabricate suitable structure of textured silk yarn have been obtained, respectively. The following step to produce nanocoated textured yarn was defined as a nanocoating process on the surface of textured silk yarn. Finally, the morphological and mechanical properties of these samples including no-textured silk yarn, textured silk yarn and nanocoated textured silk yarn analyzed and compared. Based on the finding of this study, the nanocoated textured silk yarn was found to be a promising construct for engineered scaffolds in tendon and ligament tissue engineering.
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Preliminary report of in vitro reconstruction of a vascularized tendonlike structure: a novel application for adipose-derived stem cells. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 71:664-70. [PMID: 23429220 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182583e99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A greater supply of tendinous tissue can be obtained through tissue engineering technology with increasing application of adult stem cells. It is well known that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), found in abundance in adipose tissue, have the same differentiating capacity as mesenchymal stem cells yet have the advantage of being easily isolated. In the present study, we combined the great facility of ADSCs to differentiate with the application of an external mechanical stimulus to successfully create an in vitro reconstructed tendonlike structure with a microcapillary network. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyalonect meshes (Fidia Advanced Biopolymers, Abano Terme, Padova, Italy) were used as scaffold. Human ADSCs were seeded onto the biomaterials, and the cell/scaffold constructs were cultured under mechanical stress for up to 15 days. Human tenocytes were used in the same conditions as control. Performance was assessed by histology, immunochemistry, ultrastructure, and biomolecular analysis. RESULTS Adipose-derived stem cells seeded onto Hyalonect adhered and differentiated along the entire surface of the biomaterial and began to infiltrate within its structure. Subsequently, endothelial cells migrated, forming a capillary in the new extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS This technique allowed for the creation of a vascularized tendon equivalent that could easily be detached from the bioreactor, thus facilitating its implant at the lesion site. These results highlight the biologic performance of biodegradable hyaluronic acid-based (HYAFF-11) scaffolds, which were shown to be suitable for deposition of the autologous extracellular matrix critical for ADSCs differentiation.
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Immobilized lentivirus vector on chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronate acid-silk fibroin hybrid scaffold for tissue-engineered ligament-bone junction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:816979. [PMID: 25019087 PMCID: PMC4075190 DOI: 10.1155/2014/816979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a fibrocartilage layer between graft and bone remains the leading cause of graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The objective of this study was to develop a gene-modified silk cable-reinforced chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronate acid-silk fibroin (CHS) hybrid scaffold for reconstructing the fibrocartilage layer. The scaffold was fabricated by lyophilizing the CHS mixture with braided silk cables. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that microporous CHS sponges were formed around silk cables. Each end of scaffold was modified with lentiviral-mediated transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) gene. The cells on scaffold were transfected by bonded lentivirus. In vitro culture demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on scaffolds proliferated vigorously and produced abundant collagen. The transcription levels of cartilage-specific genes also increased with culture time. After 2 weeks, the MSCs were distributed uniformly throughout scaffold. Deposited collagen was also found to increase. The chondral differentiation of MSCs was verified by expressions of collagen II and TGF-β3 genes in mRNA and protein level. Histology also confirmed the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The results demonstrated that gene-modified silk cable-reinforced CHS scaffold was capable of supporting cell proliferation and differentiation to reconstruct the cartilage layer of interface.
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Vielreicher M, Schürmann S, Detsch R, Schmidt MA, Buttgereit A, Boccaccini A, Friedrich O. Taking a deep look: modern microscopy technologies to optimize the design and functionality of biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130263. [PMID: 23864499 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on modern nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) methods that are increasingly being used in the field of tissue engineering (TE) to image tissue non-invasively and without labelling in depths unreached by conventional microscopy techniques. With NLOM techniques, biomaterial matrices, cultured cells and their produced extracellular matrix may be visualized with high resolution. After introducing classical imaging methodologies such as µCT, MRI, optical coherence tomography, electron microscopy and conventional microscopy two-photon fluorescence (2-PF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging are described in detail (principle, power, limitations) together with their most widely used TE applications. Besides our own cell encapsulation, cell printing and collagen scaffolding systems and their NLOM imaging the most current research articles will be reviewed. These cover imaging of autofluorescence and fluorescence-labelled tissue and biomaterial structures, SHG-based quantitative morphometry of collagen I and other proteins, imaging of vascularization and online monitoring techniques in TE. Finally, some insight is given into state-of-the-art three-photon-based imaging methods (e.g. coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, third harmonic generation). This review provides an overview of the powerful and constantly evolving field of multiphoton microscopy, which is a powerful and indispensable tool for the development of artificial tissues in regenerative medicine and which is likely to gain importance also as a means for general diagnostic medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vielreicher
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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Leone L, Vetrano M, Ranieri D, Raffa S, Vulpiani MC, Ferretti A, Torrisi MR, Visco V. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ESWT) improves in vitro functional activities of ruptured human tendon-derived tenocytes. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189160 PMCID: PMC3506633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of human tenocytes derived from healthy as well as from ruptured tendons were established, characterized and used at very early passage (P1) to evaluate the effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ESWT). The molecular analysis of traditional tenocytic markers, including Scleraxis (Scx), Tenomodulin (Tnm), Tenascin-C (Tn-C) and Type I and III Collagens (Col I and Col III), permitted us to detect in our samples the simultaneous expression of all these genes and allowed us to compare their levels of expression in relationship to the source of the cells and treatments. In untreated conditions, higher molecular levels of Scx and Col I in tenocytes from pathological compared to healthy samples have been detected, suggesting – in the cells from injured tendon – the natural trigger of an early differentiation and repairing program, which depends by Scx and requires an increase in collagen expression. When ESWT (at the dose of 0.14 mJ/mm2) was applied to cultured tenocytes explanted from injured source, Scx and Col I were significantly diminished compared to healthy counterpart, indicating that such natural trigger maybe delayed by the treatment, in order to promote cellular repair. Herein, we show for the first time that ESWT enhances in vitro functional activities of ruptured tendon-derived tenocytes, such as proliferation and migration, which could probably contributes to tendon healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Vetrano
- Department of Ortophaedics and Traumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Ranieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Vulpiani
- Department of Ortophaedics and Traumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferretti
- Department of Ortophaedics and Traumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mazzocca AD, Chowaniec D, McCarthy MB, Beitzel K, Cote MP, McKinnon W, Arciero R. In vitro changes in human tenocyte cultures obtained from proximal biceps tendon: multiple passages result in changes in routine cell markers. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:1666-72. [PMID: 22005966 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of in vitro cell models are commonly used to promote new therapies (e.g., platelet-rich plasma), and clinicians have to be aware of the specific limitations of such models. To gain a sufficient and effective cell load, many current in vitro models use cells multiplied through various passages. This is especially important in tendon-like cell (TLC) models, since native tendon tissue is not available unlimited and contains limited amount of tenocytes. The purpose was to determine the occurrence of phenotypic changes following extended monolayer culture of TLCs, according to cell-passage number. METHODS Tendon samples were obtained from 15 healthy patients undergoing biceps tenodesis. Tendons were digested and cultured (monolayer) for six passages. Tendon-specific markers (collagens I and III, decorin, tenascin-C, and tenomodulin) and their histology were analyzed using gene expression and protein content assays. Native cells, the cells cultured and cells passaged one to six times were analyzed at each passage. RESULTS Gene expression of types I and III collagen of cultured TLCs significantly decreased after two passages. Gene expression of decorin, tenascin-C, and tenomodulin exhibited a trend of decreased gene expression with increased passage. Protein levels of types I and III collagen and decorin decreased after four passages. CONCLUSIONS The significant findings let conclude that tenocyte-like cells obtained from human LHB can be maintained in monolayer culture at low passages, before the signs of phenotypic drift are present. But researchers must be aware of rapid phenotypic drift at higher passage numbers. Therefore, only cells within the first 3 passages should be used as a precaution for in vitro monolayer cell models, and one has to be aware of the phenotypic changes if TLCs passaged multiple times are used. The clinical relevance of this data is that understanding of in vitro TLC models, and their limitations may finally help the clinician to judge the potential of experimental data of new biologic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Sell SA, McClure MJ, Ayres CE, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Preliminary Investigation of Airgap Electrospun Silk-Fibroin-Based Structures for Ligament Analogue Engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1253-73. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x504251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Sell
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, P. O. Box 843067, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - M. J. McClure
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, P. O. Box 843067, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - C. E. Ayres
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, P. O. Box 843067, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - D. G. Simpson
- d Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - G. L. Bowlin
- e Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, P. O. Box 843067, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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35
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Ligament tissue engineering and its potential role in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:438125. [PMID: 22253633 PMCID: PMC3255293 DOI: 10.1155/2012/438125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging discipline that combines the principle of science and engineering. It offers an unlimited source of natural tissue substitutes and by using appropriate cells, biomimetic scaffolds, and advanced bioreactors, it is possible that tissue engineering could be implemented in the repair and regeneration of tissue such as bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Whilst repair and regeneration of ligament tissue has been demonstrated in animal studies, further research is needed to improve the biomechanical properties of the engineered ligament if it is to play an important part in the future of human ligament reconstruction surgery. We evaluate the current literature on ligament tissue engineering and its role in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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36
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Dunkers JP, Lee YJ, Chatterjee K. Single cell viability measurements in 3D scaffolds using in situ label free imaging by optical coherence microscopy. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2119-26. [PMID: 22192538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The focus on creating tissue engineered constructs of clinically relevant sizes requires new approaches for monitoring construct health during tissue development. A few key requirements are that the technology be in situ, non-invasive, and provide temporal and spatial information. In this work, we demonstrate that optical coherence microscopy (OCM) can be used to assess cell viability without the addition of exogenous probes in three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds maintained under standard culture conditions. This is done by collecting time-lapse images of speckle generated by sub-cellular features. Image cross-correlation is used to calculate the number of features the final image has in common with the initial image. If the cells are live, the number of common features is low. The number of common features approaches 100% if the cells are dead. In control experiments, cell viability is verified by the addition of a two-photon fluorescence channel to the OCM. Green fluorescent protein transfected human bone marrow stromal cells cultured in a transparent poly(ethylene glycol) tetramethacrylate hydrogel scaffold is used as the control system. Then, the utility of this approach is demonstrated by determining L929 fibroblast cell viability in a more challenging matrix, collagen, an optical scatterer. These results demonstrate a new technique for in situ mapping of single cell viability without any exogenous probes that is capable of providing continuous monitoring of construct health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy P Dunkers
- Polymers Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Abstract
Collagen type I fiber-based scaffolds for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement were evaluated for their mechanical properties and their ability to promote cellular proliferation. Prior to scaffold formation, two crosslinking methods were investigated on individual reconstituted collagen type I fibers, ultraviolet radiation, and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Crosslinking with EDC for 4 hr yielded mechanical properties similar to the human ACL; therefore, scaffold crosslinking was done with EDC for 4 hr. A braid-twist scaffold design was used, and scaffolds were left uncrosslinked, crosslinked after the addition of gelatin, or crosslinked without gelatin. The ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and viscoelastic properties of the scaffolds were then evaluated. In order to assess cellular response on the scaffolds, primary rat ligament fibroblast cells were seeded upon the scaffolds. Cell activity was evaluated at days 7, 14, and 21 using a Cell Titer 96(®) AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS Assay). The mechanical testing results showed that among the three scaffold groups, the crosslinked scaffolds without gelatin displayed an ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and viscoelastic properties that were closest to the human ACL. Improvements are still desired to enhance the mechanical compliance and ductility of these scaffolds. Cell activity was observed on all cell-seeded scaffolds by day 7, but by day 21 only the crosslinked scaffolds without gelatin displayed increased cellular activity compared with the negative controls. Although improvement is still needed, the results suggest that these scaffolds have the potential to contribute toward an ACL replacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie I Walters
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
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38
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Franco B, Vincenzo V, Alessandro DV, Tonello C, Abatangelo G, Mazzoleni F. Tissue engineering approaches for the construction of a completely autologous tendon substitute. Indian J Plast Surg 2011; 41:38-46. [PMID: 19753199 PMCID: PMC2739538 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.41109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that involves the application of the principles and methods of engineering and life sciences towards i) the fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and pathological mammalian tissues and ii) the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve tissue function. The goal of tissue engineering is to surpass the limitations of conventional treatments based on organ transplantation and biomaterial implantation. The field of tendon tissue engineering is relatively unexplored due to the difficulty in in vitro preservation of tenocyte phenotype. Only recently has mechanobiology allowed us to gain a better understanding of the fundamental role of in vitro mechanical stimuli in maintaining the phenotype of tendinous tissue. This review analyzes the techniques used so far for in vitro regeneration of tendinous tissue.
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Teh TK, Toh SL, Goh JC. Aligned Hybrid Silk Scaffold for Enhanced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Ligament Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:687-703. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K.H. Teh
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Lok Toh
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James C.H. Goh
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen S, Hirota N, Okuda M, Takeguchi M, Kobayashi H, Hanagata N, Ikoma T. Microstructures and rheological properties of tilapia fish-scale collagen hydrogels with aligned fibrils fabricated under magnetic fields. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:644-52. [PMID: 20851220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia fish-scale type I atelocollagen hydrogels with aligned fibril structures were fabricated under a strong magnetic field of 6 or 12 T using two different methods. In the first method, a solution of acid-soluble collagen was neutralized with phosphate buffer saline and maintained in the magnetic field at 28°C for 3h. Under these conditions fibrogenesis occurs, and a hydrogel is formed. The hydrogel was subsequently crosslinked with ethyl-dimethylcarbodiimide (EDC). In the second method, the hydrogels were formed as described above, but in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Only after being crosslinked with EDC were these gels exposed to the magnetic field (28°C for 3h). Both methods led to alignment of the collagen fibrils perpendicular to the magnetic direction, the extent of which depended on the duration of magnetic treatment. Even after EDC treatment, collagen fibrils can align, indicating that crosslinking has taken place within fibrils. Both sorts of aligned hydrogels exhibited similar rheological properties with higher storage and loss moduli than were observed with unoriented gels. The hydrogels treated at 6 T had the best rheological properties. The decrease in tangent angle phase delta indicated that the ratio of elasticity to viscosity was greater in the crosslinked than in the non-crosslinked hydrogels. Atomic force microscopy images showed that magnetic treatment had no effect on the nanostructure of collagen fibrils. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that collagen hydrogels with and without magnetic treatment had the same denaturation temperature, 48°C, while EDC crosslinking increased the denaturation temperature to 62°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Rathbone S, Furrer P, Lübben J, Zinn M, Cartmell S. Biocompatibility of polyhydroxyalkanoate as a potential material for ligament and tendon scaffold material. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1391-403. [PMID: 19911384 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong need for new biodegradable materials that are suitable for scaffolds in tissue engineering of tendons and ligaments. In many cases, quick degradation rates are favorable, however, with respect to ligament and tendon replacement, slowly degrading polymers are clearly favored. Prime candidates are members of the large class of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are thermoplastic/elastomeric biopolyesters that are slowly degraded by surface erosion. Moreover, their physico-mechanical properties can be tailored during biosynthesis in bacteria or by chemical modifications. They may be spun into fibers, coated on surfaces or be part of composites. This study has investigated the biocompatability of seven different thermoplastic or elastomeric PHAs using L929 murine fibroblast cells. Cell viability and proliferation over 7 days was analyzed with live/dead staining and a picogreen assay. In addition, extracellular matrix production was measured with the hydroxyproline assay after 14 days. It was found that cell attachment to the PHA film ranged from 85-99% after 7 days. Three PHA films (PHBV (92/8), PHOUE-POSS and PHUE-O3) supported similar cell viability in comparison to the controls performed on tissue culture plastic (polystyrene), whereas the biomaterials (PHUA, PHUE, PHB and PHOUE) showed fewer viable cells than in controls. PHB, PHUE-O3, and PHBV with a water contact angle below 85 degrees supported a similar amount of collagen production in comparison to the tissue culture plastic controls. PHUA, PHUE, PHOUE, and PHOUE-POSS showed a decrease in collagen production in comparison to the controls after 14 days. Overall, PHB, PHBV, and PHUE-O3 demonstrated good performance with regards to potential use as a tissue-engineering scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rathbone
- Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, University of Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Chen S, Ikoma T, Ogawa N, Migita S, Kobayashi H, Hanagata N. In vitro formation and thermal transition of novel hybrid fibrils from type I fish scale collagen and type I porcine collagen. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2010; 11:035001. [PMID: 27877338 PMCID: PMC5074299 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/11/3/035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel type I collagen hybrid fibrils were fabricated by neutralizing a mixture of type I fish scale collagen solution and type I porcine collagen solution with a phosphate buffer saline at 28 °C. Their structure was discussed in terms of the volume ratio of fish/porcine collagen solution. Scanning electron and atomic force micrographs showed that the diameter of collagen fibrils derived from the collagen mixture was larger than those derived from each collagen, and all resultant fibrils exhibited a typical D-periodic unit of ∼67 nm, irrespective of volume ratio of both collagens. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed only one endothermic peak for the fibrils derived from collagen mixture or from each collagen solution, indicating that the resultant collagen fibrils were hybrids of type I fish scale collagen and type I porcine collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikoma
- Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Migita
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Kobayashi
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hanagata
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Theisen C, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Knappstein K, Efe T, Schmitt J, Paletta JRJ, Schofer MD. Influence of nanofibers on growth and gene expression of human tendon derived fibroblast. Biomed Eng Online 2010; 9:9. [PMID: 20163724 PMCID: PMC2837661 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff tears are a common and frequent lesion especially in older patients. The mechanisms of tendon repair are not fully understood. Common therapy options for tendon repair include mini-open or arthroscopic surgery. The use of growth factors in experimental studies is mentioned in the literature. Nanofiber scaffolds, which provide several criteria for the healing process, might be a suitable therapy option for operative treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of nanofiber scaffolds on human tendon derived fibroblasts (TDF's), as well as the gene expression and matrix deposition of these fibroblasts. Methods Nanofibers composed of PLLA and PLLA/Col-I were seeded with human tendon derived fibroblasts and cultivated over a period of 22 days under growth-inductive conditions, and analyzed during the course of culture, with respect to gene expression of different extra cellular matrix components such as collagens, bigylcan and decorin. Furthermore, we measured cell densities and proliferation by using fluorescene microscopy. Results PLLA nanofibers possessed a growth inhibitory effect on TDF's. Furthermore, no meaningful influence on the gene expression of collagen I, collagen III and decorin could be observed, while the expression of collagen X increased during the course of cultivation. On the other hand, PLLA/Col-I blend nanofibers had no negative influence on the growth of TDF's. Furthermore, blending PLLA nanofibers with collagen had a positive effect on the gene expression of collagen I, III, X and decorin. Here, gene expression indicated that focal adherence kinases might be involved. Conclusion This study indicates that the use of nanofibers influence expression of genes associated with the extra cellular matrix formation. The composition of the nanofibers plays a critical role. While PLLA/Col-I blend nanofibers enhance the collagen I and III formation, their expression on PLLA nanofibers was more comparable to controls. However, irrespective of the chemical composition of the fibres, the collagen deposition was altered, an effect which might be associated with a decreased expression of biglycanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Theisen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Bioactive nanofibers for fibroblastic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells for ligament/tendon tissue engineering applications. Differentiation 2010; 79:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sahoo S, Toh SL, Goh JCH. A bFGF-releasing silk/PLGA-based biohybrid scaffold for ligament/tendon tissue engineering using mesenchymal progenitor cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2990-8. [PMID: 20089300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An ideal scaffold that provides a combination of suitable mechanical properties along with biological signals is required for successful ligament/tendon regeneration in mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue engineering strategies. Among the various fibre-based scaffolds that have been used, hybrid fibrous scaffolds comprising both microfibres and nanofibres have been recently shown to be particularly promising. This study developed a biohybrid fibrous scaffold system by coating bioactive bFGF-releasing ultrafine PLGA fibres over mechanically robust slowly-degrading degummed knitted microfibrous silk scaffolds. On the ECM-like biomimetic architecture of ultrafine fibres, sustained release of bFGF mimicked the ECM in function, initially stimulating mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) proliferation, and subsequently, their tenogeneic differentiation. The biohybrid scaffold system not only facilitated MPC attachment and promoted cell proliferation, with cells growing both on ultrafine PLGA fibres and silk microfibres, but also stimulated tenogeneic differentiation of seeded MPCs. Upregulated gene expression of ligament/tendon-specific ECM proteins and increased collagen production likely contributed to enhancing mechanical properties of the constructs, generating a ligament/tendon analogue that has the potential to be used to repair injured ligaments/tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Sahoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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McCullen SD, Haslauer CM, Loboa EG. Fiber-reinforced scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: use of traditional textile substrates to nanofibrous arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tierney CM, Jaasma MJ, O'Brien FJ. Osteoblast activity on collagen-GAG scaffolds is affected by collagen and GAG concentrations. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:92-101. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abousleiman RI, Reyes Y, McFetridge P, Sikavitsas V. Tendon Tissue Engineering Using Cell-Seeded Umbilical Veins Cultured in a Mechanical Stimulator. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:787-95. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliana Reyes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Peter McFetridge
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- The School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Vassilios Sikavitsas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- The School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Zheng K, Rupnick MA, Liu B, Brezinski ME. Three Dimensional OCT in the Engineering of Tissue Constructs: A Potentially Powerful Tool for Assessing Optimal Scaffold Structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:8-13. [PMID: 19997536 DOI: 10.2174/1875043500902010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides detailed, real-time information on the structure and composition of constructs used in tissue engineering. The focus of this work is the OCT three-dimensional assessment of scaffolding architecture and distribution of cells on it. PLGA scaffolds were imaged in two and three-dimensions, both seeded and unseeded with cells. Then two types of scaffolds were reconstructed in three dimensions. Both scaffolding types were examined at three different seeding densities. The importance of three-dimensional assessments was evident, particularly with respect to porosity and identification of asymmetrical cell distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Fan H, Liu H, Wang Y, Toh SL, Goh JCH. Development of a Silk Cable-Reinforced Gelatin/Silk Fibroin Hybrid Scaffold for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:1389-401. [DOI: 10.3727/096368908787648047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a silk cable-reinforced gelatin/silk fibroin hybrid scaffold for ligament tissue engineering. The scaffold was fabricated by lyophilizing the cross-linked gelatin and silk fibroin mixture with braided silk cables. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observation showed that microporous gelatin/silk fibroin sponges formed around silk cables mimicked the microstructures of ligament extracellular matrix (ECM). The silk cables significantly increased the tensile strength of the scaffold to meet the mechanical requirements for ligament tissue engineering. The scaffold possessed good cell adhesion property, and when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded on it, cells proliferated profusely. After 2 weeks of culture, seeded MSCs were distributed uniformly throughout the scaffold and were highly viable. Occurrence of cell death during culture was not significant. Deposition of collagen on the scaffold was found to increase with time. Differentiation of MSCs into ligament fibroblasts was verified by expressions of ligament ECM specific genes including collagen type I, collagen type III, and tenascin-C in mRNA and protein level. Immunohistochemistry stains also confirmed the production of key ligament ECM components on the scaffold. The results demonstrate that silk cable-reinforced gelatin/silk fibroin scaffold possesses the appropriate mechanical properties and has enlarged surface area. It is also capable of supporting cell proliferation and differentiation for ligament tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Lok Toh
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Cho Hong Goh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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