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Sun M, Moquet J, Barnard S, Mancey H, Burling D, Baldwin-Cleland R, Monahan K, Latchford A, Lloyd D, Bouffler S, Badie C, Anyamene NA, Ainsbury E. In vitro study of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines associated with Lynch syndrome. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369201. [PMID: 38638480 PMCID: PMC11024246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). Methods Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i.e., clonogenic assay to determine cell reproductive death; sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay to detect the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids; γH2AX assay to analyze DNA damage repair; and apoptosis analysis to compare cell death response. The advantages and limitations of these assays were assessed in vitro, and their applicability and feasibility investigated for their potential to be used for further studies using clinical samples. Results Results from the clonogenic assay indicated that the pMMR cell line (HT29) was significantly more radio-resistant than the dMMR cell lines (HCT116, SW48, and LoVo) after 2 Gy X-irradiation. Both cell type and radiation dose had a significant effect on the yield of SCEs/chromosome. When the yield of SCEs/chromosome for the irradiated samples (2 Gy) was normalized against the controls, no significant difference was observed between the cell lines. For the γH2AX assay, 0, 20 mGy and 2 Gy were examined at post-exposure time points of 30 min (min), 4 and 24 h (h). Statistical analysis revealed that HT29 was only significantly more radio-resistant than the MLH1-deficient cells lines, but not the MSH2-deficient cell line. Apoptosis analysis (4 Gy) revealed that HT29 was significantly more radio-resistant than HCT116 albeit with very few apoptotic cells observed. Discussion Overall, this study showed radio-resistance of the MMR proficient cell line in some assays, but not in the others. All methods used within this study have been validated; however, due to the limitations associated with cancer cell lines, the next step will be to use these assays in clinical samples in an effort to understand the biological and mechanistic effects of radiation in Lynch patients as well as the health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Moquet
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Mancey
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - David Burling
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Baldwin-Cleland
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Monahan
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bouffler
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Anyamene
- East and North Hertfordshire National Health Service Trust, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Environmental Research Group Within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Thomas L, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Alawfi BS, Lloyd D. Cell death of Acanthamoeba castellanii following exposure to antimicrobial agents commonly included in contact lens disinfecting solutions. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:16. [PMID: 38060008 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Several antimicrobial agents are commonly included in contact lens disinfectant solutions including chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) or myristamidopropyl dimethylamine (MAPD); however, their mode of action, i.e. necrosis versus apoptosis is incompletely understood. Here, we determined whether a mechanism of cell death resembling that of apoptosis was present in Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype (NEFF) following exposure to the aforementioned antimicrobials using the anticoagulant annexin V that undergoes rapid high affinity binding to phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium, making it a sensitive probe for phosphatidylserine exposure. The results revealed that under the conditions employed in this study, an apoptotic pathway of cell death in this organism at the tested conditions does not occur. Our findings suggest that necrosis is the likely mode of action; however, future mechanistic studies should be accomplished in additional experimental conditions to further comprehend the molecular mechanisms of cell death in Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Thomas
- Microbiology Research, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Bader S Alawfi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Lloyd
- Microbiology Research, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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Ellis N, Hofer J, Sizer-Coverdale E, Lloyd D, Aubert G, Kreplak J, Burstin J, Cheema J, Bal M, Chen Y, Deng S, Wouters RHM, Steuernagel B, Chayut N, Domoney C. Recombinant inbred lines derived from wide crosses in Pisum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20408. [PMID: 37990072 PMCID: PMC10663473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic resources are becoming available for Pisum but to link these to phenotypic diversity requires well marked populations segregating for relevant traits. Here we describe two such resources. Two recombinant inbred populations, derived from wide crosses in Pisum are described. One high resolution mapping population involves cv Caméor, for which the first pea whole genome assembly was obtained, crossed to JI0281, a basally divergent P. sativum sativum landrace from Ethiopia. The other is an inter sub-specific cross between P. s. sativum and the independently domesticated P. s. abyssinicum. The corresponding genetic maps provide information on chromosome level sequence assemblies and identify structural differences between the genomes of these two Pisum subspecies. In order to visualise chromosomal translocations that distinguish the mapping parents, we created a simplified version of Threadmapper to optimise it for interactive 3-dimensional display of multiple linkage groups. The genetic mapping of traits affecting seed coat roughness and colour, plant height, axil ring pigmentation, leaflet number and leaflet indentation enabled the definition of their corresponding genomic regions. The consequence of structural rearrangement for trait analysis is illustrated by leaf serration. These analyses pave the way for identification of the underlying genes and illustrate the utility of these publicly available resources. Segregating inbred populations derived from wide crosses in Pisum, together with the associated marker data, are made publicly available for trait dissection. Genetic analysis of these populations is informative about chromosome scale assemblies, structural diversity in the pea genome and has been useful for the fine mapping of several discrete and quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ellis
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK.
| | - J Hofer
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - E Sizer-Coverdale
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
- Germinal Horizon, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
- Germinal Horizon, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - G Aubert
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J Kreplak
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J Burstin
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J Cheema
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - M Bal
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Y Chen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - S Deng
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - R H M Wouters
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - B Steuernagel
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - N Chayut
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - C Domoney
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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4
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Sun M, Moquet J, Lloyd D, Barnard S, Anbalagan S, Steel H, Sommer A, Gothard L, Somaiah N, Ainsbury E. Applicability of Scoring Calyculin A-Induced Premature Chromosome Condensation Objects for Dose Assessment Including for Radiotherapy Patients. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:143-153. [PMID: 37879308 PMCID: PMC10946622 DOI: 10.1159/000534656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an extension to a previous study, a linear calibration curve covering doses from 0 to 10 Gy was constructed and evaluated in the present study using calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by scoring excess PCC objects. The main aim of this study was to assess the applicability of this PCC assay for doses below 2 Gy that are critical for triage categorization. Two separate blind tests involving a total of 6 doses were carried out; 4 out of 6 dose estimates were within the 95% confidence limits (95% CL) with the other 2 just outside. In addition, blood samples from five cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy (RT) were also analyzed, and the results showed whole-body dose estimates statistically comparable to the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) results. This is the first time that calyculin A-induced PCC was used to analyze clinical samples by scoring excess objects. Although dose estimates for the pre-RT patient samples were found to be significantly higher than the mean value for the healthy donors and were also significantly higher than those obtained using DCA, all these pre-treatment patients fell into the same category as those who may have received a low dose (<1 Gy) and do not require immediate medical care during emergency triage. Additionally, for radiological accidents with unknown exposure scenario, PCC objects and rings can be scored in parallel for the assessment of both low- and high-dose exposures. In conclusion, scoring excess objects using calyculin A-induced PCC is confirmed to be another potential biodosimetry tool in radiological emergency particularly in mass casualty scenarios, even though the data need to be interpreted with caution when cancer patients are among the casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Jayne Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Stephen Barnard
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Harriet Steel
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Aurore Sommer
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Lone Gothard
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
- Environmental Research Group Within The School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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5
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Mantis P, Sofou EI, Aleksandrova S, Badulescu E, Church D, Lloyd D, Koutsouvelis P, Mpairamoglou S, Chatzis M, Saridomichelakis M. High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy findings of the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:415-424. [PMID: 37114506 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high-frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD) has not been described. OBJECTIVES To compare high-frequency ultrasonographic findings among lesional, macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD, and the macroscopically nonlesional skin of healthy dogs. Additionally, to determine whether there is any correlation between the ultrasonographic findings in lesional skin and local Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) or its domains (erythema, lichenification, excoriations/alopecia). As a secondary aim, six cAD dogs were re-evaluated after management intervention. ANIMALS Twenty dogs with cAD (six were re-examined after treatment) and six healthy dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all dogs, ultrasonographic examination was performed on the same 10 skin sites, using a 50 MHz transducer. Wrinkling of skin surface, presence/width of subepidermal low echogenic band, hypoechogenicity of dermis and thickness of the skin were evaluated and scored/measured blindly. RESULTS Dermal hypoechogenicity was more common and severe in lesional compared to macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD. In lesional skin, presence/severity of wrinkling of skin surface and of dermal hypoechogenicity were positively correlated with presence/severity of lichenification, while severity of dermal hypoechogenicity was positively correlated with local CADESI-04. A positive correlation between the change in skin thickness and the change in the severity of erythema during treatment was noted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy may be useful for the evaluation of skin of dogs with cAD and for evaluating the progression of skin lesions during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mantis
- Diagnostic Imaging Service, Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Evangelia I Sofou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Svetlina Aleksandrova
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Elisabeta Badulescu
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - David Church
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Manolis Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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6
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Day TG, Budd S, Tan J, Matthew J, Skelton E, Jowett V, Lloyd D, Gomez A, Hajnal JV, Razavi R, Kainz B, Simpson JM. Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome on ultrasound using artificial intelligence: How does performance compare to a current screening programme? Prenat Diagn 2023. [PMID: 37776084 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve prenatal detection of congenital heart disease. We analysed the performance of the current national screening programme in detecting hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to compare with our own AI model. METHODS Current screening programme performance was calculated from local and national sources. AI models were trained using four-chamber ultrasound views of the fetal heart, using a ResNet classifier. RESULTS Estimated current fetal screening programme sensitivity and specificity for HLHS were 94.3% and 99.985%, respectively. Depending on calibration, AI models to detect HLHS were either highly sensitive (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.0%) or highly specific (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 100%). Our analysis suggests that our highly sensitive model would generate 45,134 screen positive results for a gain of 14 additional HLHS cases. Our highly specific model would be associated with two fewer detected HLHS cases, and 118 fewer false positives. CONCLUSION If used independently, our AI model performance is slightly worse than the performance level of the current screening programme in detecting HLHS, and this performance is likely to deteriorate further when used prospectively. This demonstrates that collaboration between humans and AI will be key for effective future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Day
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Healthcare, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Budd
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Tan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Matthew
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Skelton
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Jowett
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Healthcare, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Gomez
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jo V Hajnal
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Healthcare, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bernhard Kainz
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John M Simpson
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Healthcare, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Uus AU, Kyriakopoulou V, Makropoulos A, Fukami-Gartner A, Cromb D, Davidson A, Cordero-Grande L, Price AN, Grigorescu I, Williams LZJ, Robinson EC, Lloyd D, Pushparajah K, Story L, Hutter J, Counsell SJ, Edwards AD, Rutherford MA, Hajnal JV, Deprez M. BOUNTI: Brain vOlumetry and aUtomated parcellatioN for 3D feTal MRI. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.18.537347. [PMID: 37131820 PMCID: PMC10153133 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fetal MRI is widely used for quantitative brain volumetry studies. However, currently, there is a lack of universally accepted protocols for fetal brain parcellation and segmentation. Published clinical studies tend to use different segmentation approaches that also reportedly require significant amounts of time-consuming manual refinement. In this work, we propose to address this challenge by developing a new robust deep learning-based fetal brain segmentation pipeline for 3D T2w motion corrected brain images. At first, we defined a new refined brain tissue parcellation protocol with 19 regions-of-interest using the new fetal brain MRI atlas from the Developing Human Connectome Project. This protocol design was based on evidence from histological brain atlases, clear visibility of the structures in individual subject 3D T2w images and the clinical relevance to quantitative studies. It was then used as a basis for developing an automated deep learning brain tissue parcellation pipeline trained on 360 fetal MRI datasets with different acquisition parameters using semi-supervised approach with manually refined labels propagated from the atlas. The pipeline demonstrated robust performance for different acquisition protocols and GA ranges. Analysis of tissue volumetry for 390 normal participants (21-38 weeks gestational age range), scanned with three different acquisition protocols, did not reveal significant differences for major structures in the growth charts. Only minor errors were present in < 15% of cases thus significantly reducing the need for manual refinement. In addition, quantitative comparison between 65 fetuses with ventriculomegaly and 60 normal control cases were in agreement with the findings reported in our earlier work based on manual segmentations. These preliminary results support the feasibility of the proposed atlas-based deep learning approach for large-scale volumetric analysis. The created fetal brain volumetry centiles and a docker with the proposed pipeline are publicly available online at https://hub.docker.com/r/fetalsvrtk/segmentation (tag brain_bounti_tissue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena U Uus
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Cromb
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, ISCII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irina Grigorescu
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Logan Z J Williams
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lisa Story
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph V Hajnal
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Deprez
- School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Williams CF, Hather C, Conteh JS, Zhang J, Popa RG, Owen AW, Jonas CL, Choi H, Daniel RM, Lloyd D, Porch A, George CH. Non-thermal disruption of β-adrenergic receptor-activated Ca 2+ signalling and apoptosis in human ES-derived cardiomyocytes by microwave electric fields at 2.4 GHz. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 661:89-98. [PMID: 37087803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of wireless electronic-device connectivity has seen microwaves emerge as one of the fastest growing forms of electromagnetic exposure. A growing evidence-base refutes the claim that wireless technologies pose no risk to human health at current safety levels designed to limit thermal (heating) effects. The potential impact of non-thermal effects of microwave exposure, especially in electrically-excitable tissues (e.g., heart), remains controversial. We exposed human embryonic stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes (CM), under baseline and beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-stimulated conditions, to microwaves at 2.4 GHz, a frequency used extensively in wireless communication (e.g., 4G, Bluetooth™ and WiFi). To control for any effect of sample heating, experiments were done in CM subjected to matched rates of direct heating or CM maintained at 37 °C. Detailed profiling of the temporal and amplitude features of Ca2+ signalling in CM under these experimental conditions was reconciled with the extent and spatial clustering of apoptosis. The data show that exposure of CM to 2.4 GHz EMF eliminated the normal Ca2+ signalling response to β-AR stimulation and provoked spatially-clustered apoptosis. This is first evidence that non-thermal effects of 2.4 GHz microwaves might have profound effects on human CM function, responsiveness to activation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin F Williams
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heungjae Choi
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | | | - David Lloyd
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Adrian Porch
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
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9
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González-González MA, Alemansour H, Maroufi M, Coskun MB, Lloyd D, Reza Moheimani SO, Romero-Ortega MI. Biomechanics Characterization of Autonomic and Somatic Nerves by High Dynamic Closed-Loop MEMS force sensing. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.13.536752. [PMID: 37090537 PMCID: PMC10120675 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanics of peripheral nerves are determined by the blood-nerve barrier (BNB), together with the epineural barrier, extracellular matrix, and axonal composition, which maintain structural and functional stability. These elements are often ignored in the fabrication of penetrating devices, and the implant process is traumatic due to the mechanical distress, compromising the function of neuroprosthesis for sensory-motor restoration in amputees. Miniaturization of penetrating interfaces offers the unique opportunity of decoding individual nerve fibers associated to specific functions, however, a main issue for their implant is the lack of high-precision standardization of insertion forces. Current automatized electromechanical force sensors are available; however, their sensitivity and range amplitude are limited (i.e. mN), and have been tested only in-vitro. We previously developed a high-precision bi-directional micro-electromechanical force sensor, with a closed-loop mechanism (MEMS-CLFS), that while measuring with high-precision (-211.7μN to 211.5μN with a resolution of 4.74nN), can be used in alive animal. Our technology has an on-chip electrothermal displacement sensor with a shuttle beam displacement amplification mechanism, for large range and high-frequency resolution (dynamic range of 92.9 dB), which eliminates the adverse effect of flexural nonlinearity measurements, observed with other systems, and reduces the mechanical impact on delicate biological tissue. In this work, we use the MEMS-CLFS for in-vivo bidirectional measurement of biomechanics in somatic and autonomic nerves. Furthermore we define the mechanical implications of irrigation and collagen VI in the BNB, which is different for both autonomic and somatic nerves (~ 8.5-8.6 fold density of collagen VI and vasculature CD31+ in the VN vs ScN). This study allowed us to create a mathematical approach to predict insertion forces. Our data highlights the necessity of nerve-customization forces to prevent injury when implanting interfaces, and describes a high precision MEMS technology and mathematical model for their measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hammed Alemansour
- Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX. 75080
| | - Mohammad Maroufi
- Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX. 75080
| | - Mustafa Bulut Coskun
- Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX. 75080
| | - David Lloyd
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences. University of Houston, Houston TX. 77204-6064
| | - S. O. Reza Moheimani
- Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX. 75080
| | - Mario I. Romero-Ortega
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences. University of Houston, Houston TX. 77204-6064
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10
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Calis M, Lloyd D, Boddeti N, Bunch JS. Adhesion of 2D MoS 2 to Graphite and Metal Substrates Measured by a Blister Test. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2607-2614. [PMID: 37011413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a blister test, we measured the work of separation between MoS2 membranes from metal, semiconductor, and graphite substrates. We found a work of separation ranging from 0.11 ± 0.05 J/m2 for chromium to 0.39 ± 0.1 J/m2 for graphite substrates. In addition, we measured the work of adhesion of MoS2 membranes over these substrates and observed a dramatic difference between the work of separation and adhesion, which we attribute to adhesion hysteresis. Due to the prominent role that adhesive forces play in the fabrication and functionality of devices made from 2D materials, an experimental determination of the work of separation and adhesion as provided here will help guide their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Calis
- Boston University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David Lloyd
- Analog Garage, Analog Devices Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02110, United States
| | - Narasimha Boddeti
- Washington State University, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - J Scott Bunch
- Boston University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Boston University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
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11
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Kembro JM, Flesia AG, Nieto PS, Caliva JM, Lloyd D, Cortassa S, Aon MA. A dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms that matches between distant species across the evolutionary scale. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5326. [PMID: 37005423 PMCID: PMC10067965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We address the temporal organization of circadian and ultradian rhythms, crucial for understanding biological timekeeping in behavior, physiology, metabolism, and alignment with geophysical time. Using a newly developed five-steps wavelet-based approach to analyze high-resolution time series of metabolism in yeast cultures and spontaneous movement, metabolism, and feeding behavior in mice, rats, and quails, we describe a dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms spanning over a broad range of temporal scales (hours to minutes). The dynamic pattern found shares key features among the four, evolutionary distant, species analyzed. Specifically, a branching appearance given by splitting periods from 24 h into 12 h, 8 h and below in mammalian and avian species, or from 14 h down to 0.07 h in yeast. Scale-free fluctuations with long-range correlations prevail below ~ 4 h. Synthetic time series modeling support a scenario of coexisting behavioral rhythms, with circadian and ultradian rhythms at the center of the emergent pattern observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kembro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A G Flesia
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigación y Estudios de La Matemática (CIEM, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P S Nieto
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J M Caliva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Lloyd
- Schools of Bioscience and Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - S Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Wu M, Tay J, Lloyd D. Management of a penetrating vertebral artery injury in a peripheral hospital. Trauma 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/14604086231160299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral artery (VA) injuries in penetrating trauma are rare but can be life threatening. Management is often reliant on interventional radiology (IR), although such services may be lacking in peripheral centres. We report a case of a 22-year-old man who sustained a right VA injury from a stab wound to the posterolateral neck that was managed in a rural hospital. On presentation, the patient was initially haemodynamically stable but began exsanguinating heavily whilst undergoing imaging and was subsequently transferred to the operating theatre. Intraoperatively, bleeding was noted from the C5/C6 interforaminal space. Due to difficulty with exposure and lack of specialist surgical services, bimanual pressure was continuously applied to the wound whilst awaiting the arrival of a vascular surgeon and neuro-interventionalist who were transported by air from a tertiary hospital. At the time of angiography, bleeding had ceased and no further intervention was required. This case highlights the importance for surgeons in peripheral centres to be aware of some of the operative manouvres used in managing VA injuries including the utility of continued direct pressure. Moreover, it serves as a reminder that there remains a role for operative intervention in the unstable patient despite increasing reliance on radiological techniques to treat such injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Australia
| | - Jia Tay
- Department of General Surgery, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of General Surgery, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Australia
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13
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Frossard L, Langton C, Perevoshchikova N, Feih S, Powrie R, Barrett R, Lloyd D. Next-generation devices to diagnose residuum health of individuals suffering from limb loss: A narrative review of trends, opportunities, and challenges. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00032-4. [PMID: 36878761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a need for diagnostic devices that can assist prosthetic care providers to better assess and maintain residuum health of individuals suffering from neuromusculoskeletal dysfunctions associated with limb loss. This paper outlines the trends, opportunities, and challenges that will facilitate the development of next-generation diagnostic devices. DESIGN Narrative literature review. METHODS Information about technologies suitable for integration into next-generation diagnostic devices was extracted from 41 references. We considered the invasiveness, comprehensiveness, and practicality of each technology subjectively. RESULTS This review highlighted a trend toward future diagnostic devices of neuromusculoskeletal dysfunctions of the residuum capable to support evidence-based patient-specific prosthetic care, patient empowerment, and the development of bionic solutions. This device should positively disrupt the organization healthcare by enabling cost-utility analyses (e.g., fee-for-device business models) and addressing healthcare gaps due to labor shortages. There are opportunities to develop wireless, wearable and noninvasive diagnostic devices integrating wireless biosensors to measure change in mechanical constraints and topography of residuum tissues during real-life conditions as well as computational modeling using medical imaging and finite element analysis (e.g., digital twin). Developing the next-generation diagnostic devices will require to overcome critical barriers associated with the design (e.g., gaps between technology readiness levels of essential parts), clinical roll-out (e.g., identification of primary users), and commercialization (e.g., limited interest from investors). CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that next-generation diagnostic devices will contribute to prosthetic care innovations that will safely increase mobility, thereby improving the quality of life of the growing global population of individuals suffering from limb loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Frossard
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Christian Langton
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nataliya Perevoshchikova
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Stefanie Feih
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Rod Barrett
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - David Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University /Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
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14
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Lloyd D, Nanjundiah V, Engelmann W, Johnsson A. Ultradian rhythms: Life's dance to the music of time. J Biosci 2023; 48:34. [PMID: 37697627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A recent and updated translation of a book, earlier published in Russian in 2021, contains a fascinating account of the development of a central theme in our understanding of the kinetics of cellular growth and development (Brodsky 2022). The book deals with the twin concepts of ultradian (i.e. about one hour period) signals and cellto-cell communication. The author, Vsevolod Ya. Brodsky, has performed a major service by discussing in a comprehensive manner studies on high-frequency oscillations in intercellular communication. The book will be especially valuable to readers who are not familiar with the extensive Russian literature on the subject, much of which has been ignored elsewhere. The present Commentary uses it as a take-off point in order to highlight issues that are common to the area of biological rhythms generally and ultradian oscillations in particular. In view of the importance of the book, we critique it towards the latter part of the Commentary in the style of a book review.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- Schools of Biosciences and Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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15
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Sun M, Moquet J, Ellender M, Bouffler S, Badie C, Baldwin-Cleland R, Monahan K, Latchford A, Lloyd D, Clark S, Anyamene NA, Ainsbury E, Burling D. Potential risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation for imaging and treatment of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome patients. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:61-70. [PMID: 35718836 PMCID: PMC9829596 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to investigate the literature pertaining to the potential risks of low-dose ionizing radiation to Lynch syndrome patients by use of computed tomography (CT), either diagnostic CT colonography (CTC), standard staging CT or CT surveillance. Furthermore, this review explores the potential risks of using radiotherapy for treatment of rectal cancer in these patients. No data or longitudinal observational studies of the impact of radiation exposure on humans with Lynch syndrome were identified. Limited experimental studies utilizing cell lines and primary cells exposed to both low and high radiation doses have been carried out to help determine radio-sensitivity associated with DNA mismatch repair gene deficiency, the defining feature of Lynch syndrome. On balance, these studies suggest that mismatch repair deficient cells may be relatively radio-resistant (particularly for low dose rate exposures) with higher mutation rates, albeit no firm conclusions can be drawn. Mouse model studies, though, showed an increased risk of developing colorectal tumors in mismatch repair deficient mice exposed to radiation doses around 2 Gy. With appropriate ethical approval, further studies investigating radiation risks associated with CT imaging and radiotherapy relevant doses using cells/tissues derived from confirmed Lynch patients or genetically modified animal models are urgently required for future clinical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Jayne Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK
| | - Michele Ellender
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK
| | - Simon Bouffler
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK ,Environmental Research Group Within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rachel Baldwin-Cleland
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Kevin Monahan
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | - David Lloyd
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK
| | - Susan Clark
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Nicola A. Anyamene
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, HA6 2RN Middlesex UK
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, RCEHD, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ UK ,Environmental Research Group Within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, W12 0BZ UK
| | - David Burling
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
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16
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du Moulin W, Bourne M, Diamond LE, Konrath J, Vertullo C, Lloyd D, Saxby DJ. Shape differences in the semitendinosus following tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:44-53. [PMID: 35434842 PMCID: PMC10084140 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following hamstring autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), muscle length, cross-sectional area, and volume are reduced. However, these discrete measures of morphology do not account for complex three-dimensional muscle shape. The primary aim of this study was to determine between-limb semitendinosus (ST) shape and regional morphology differences in young adults following tendon harvest for ACLR and to compare these differences with those in healthy controls. In this cross-sectional study, magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 18 individuals with unilateral ACLR and 18 healthy controls. Bilaterally, ST muscles were segmented, and shape differences assessed between limbs and compared between groups using Jaccard index (0-1) and Hausdorff distance (mm). Length (cm), peak cross-sectional area (cm2 ), and volume (cm3 ) were measured for the entire muscle and proximal, middle, and distal regions, and compared between limbs and groups. Compared to healthy controls, the ACLR group had significantly (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = -2.33) lower bilateral ST shape similarity and shape deviation was significantly (p < 0.001, d = 2.12) greater. Shape deviation was greatest within the distal region of the ACLR (Hausdorff: 23.1 ± 8.68 mm). Compared to both the uninjured contralateral limb and healthy controls, deficits in peak cross-sectional area and volume in ACLR group were largest in proximal (p < 0.001, d = -2.52 to -1.28) and middle (p < 0.001, d = -1.81 to -1.04) regions of the ST. Overall, shape analysis provides unique insight into regional adaptations in ST morphology post-ACLR. Findings highlight morphological features in distal ST not identified by traditional discrete morphology measures. Clinical significance: Following ACLR, risk of a secondary knee or primary hamstring injury has been reported to be between 2-to-5 times greater compared to those without ACLR. Change in semitendinosus (ST) shape following ACLR may affect force transmission and distribution within the hamstrings and might contribute to persistent deficits in knee flexor and internal rotator strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- William du Moulin
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourne
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Konrath
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Principia Technology, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Vertullo
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Charuvila S, Lloyd A, Bhardwaj N, Lloyd D. 542 Laparoscopic Division of a Congenital Splenogonadal Portosystemic Shunt: A Case Report. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a rare congenital portosystemic shunt. A 37-year-old woman was found to have a previously unreported congenital shunt following investigations into secondary causes of hypertension. The abnormal venous shunt connected the splenic vein to the left ovarian vein. The patient underwent a laparoscopic procedure to successfully divide the shunt. She made a full recovery without complications. To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of a congenital portosystemic shunt involving the splenic and ovarian veins to be reported. This case demonstrates that such a shunt can be amenable for laparoscopic management. The case report shows preoperative scans and intraoperative images.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charuvila
- University Hospitals Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - A Lloyd
- Hull York Medical School , Hull , United Kingdom
| | - N Bhardwaj
- University Hospitals Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - D Lloyd
- University Hospitals Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
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18
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Gonzalez-Gonzalez MA, Romero K, Beitter J, Lloyd D, Lam DV, Hernandez-Reynoso AG, Kanneganti A, Kim HK, Bjune CK, Smith S, Vongpatanasin W, Romero-Ortega MI. Renal Nerve Activity and Arterial Depressor Responses Induced by Neuromodulation of the Deep Peroneal Nerve in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:726467. [PMID: 35651628 PMCID: PMC9149221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.726467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a main cause of death in the United States with more than 103 million adults affected. While pharmacological treatments are effective, blood pressure (BP) remains uncontrolled in 50–60% of resistant hypertensive subjects. Using a custom-wired miniature electrode, we previously reported that deep peroneal nerve stimulation (DPNS) elicited acute cardiovascular depressor responses in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Here, we further study this effect by implementing a wireless system and exploring different stimulation parameters to achieve a maximum depressor response. Our results indicate that DPNS consistently induces a reduction in BP and suggests that renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is altered by this bioelectronic treatment. To test the acute effect of DPNS in awake animals, we developed a novel miniaturized wireless microchannel electrode (w-μCE), with a Z-shaped microchannel through which the target nerves slide and lock into the recording/stimulation chamber. Animals implanted with w-μCE and BP telemetry systems for 3 weeks showed an average BP of 150 ± 14 mmHg, which was reduced significantly by an active DPNS session to 135 ± 8 mmHg (p < 0.04), but not in sham-treated animals. The depressor response in animals with an active w-μCE was progressively returned to baseline levels 14 min later (164 ± 26 mmHg). This depressor response was confirmed in restrained fully awake animals that received DPNS for 10 days, where tail-cuff BP measurements showed that systolic BP in SHR lowered 10% at 1 h and 16% 2 h after the DPNS when compared to the post-implantation baseline. Together, these results support the use of DPN neuromodulation as a possible strategy to lower BP in drug-resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Beitter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Danny V. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Aswini Kanneganti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Hypertension Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Scott Smith
- Hypertension Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Hypertension Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mario I. Romero-Ortega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Mario I. Romero-Ortega,
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19
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Uhlarik A, Ćeran M, Živanov D, Grumeza R, Skøt L, Sizer-Coverdale E, Lloyd D. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Diversity Panel. Plants 2022; 11:plants11101321. [PMID: 35631746 PMCID: PMC9146737 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization were performed to assess heritability, variability, and seed yield stability of pea genotypes used in breeding to increase the pea production area. A European pea diversity panel, including genotypes from North America, Asia, and Australia consisting of varieties, breeding lines, pea, and landraces was examined in 2019 and 2020 in Serbia and Belgium using augmented block design. The highest heritability was for thousand seed weight; the highest coefficient of variation was for seed yield. The highest positive correlation was between number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant; the highest negative correlation was between seed yield and protein content. Hierarchical clustering separated pea germplasm based on use and type. Different Principal component analysis grouping of landraces, breeding lines, and varieties, as well as forage types and garden and dry peas, confirms that there was an apparent decrease in similarity between the genotypes, which can be explained by their different purposes. Pea breeding should be focused on traits with consistent heritability and a positive effect on seed yield when selecting high-yielding genotypes, and on allowing for more widespread use of pea in various agricultural production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uhlarik
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (D.Ž.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Ćeran
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (D.Ž.)
| | - Dalibor Živanov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Ć.); (D.Ž.)
| | - Radu Grumeza
- Agro Seed Research, Nijverheidslaan 1506, 3660 Oudsbergen, Belgium;
| | - Leif Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (L.S.); (E.S.-C.); (D.L.)
| | - Ellen Sizer-Coverdale
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (L.S.); (E.S.-C.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (L.S.); (E.S.-C.); (D.L.)
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20
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Ji E, Boerrigter D, Cai HQ, Lloyd D, Bruggemann J, O'Donnell M, Galletly C, Lloyd A, Liu D, Lenroot R, Weickert TW, Shannon Weickert C. Peripheral complement is increased in schizophrenia and inversely related to cortical thickness. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:423-434. [PMID: 34808287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for complement system involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, although the extent and magnitude of complement factor disturbances has not been fully reported. It also remains unclear whether complement abnormalities are characteristic of all patients with schizophrenia or whether they are representative of a subgroup of patients who show signs of heightened inflammation. The aim of the present study was to quantify and compare the levels of a range of complement factors, receptors and regulators in healthy controls and people with schizophrenia and to determine the extent to which the levels of these peripheral molecules relate to measures of brain structure, particularly cortical thickness. METHOD Seventy-five healthy controls and 90 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants and mRNA expression was quantified in 20 complement related genes, four complement proteins, as well as for four cytokines. T1-weighted structural MRI scans were acquired and analysed to determine cortical thickness measures. RESULTS There were significant increases in peripheral mRNA encoding receptors (C5ar1, CR1, CR3a), regulators (CD55, C59) and protein concentrations (C3, C3b, C4) in people with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. C4a expression was significantly increased in a subgroup of patients displaying elevated peripheral cytokine levels. A higher inflammation index score derived from mRNA expression patterns predicted reductions in cortical thickness in the temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, insula) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of all three major complement pathways supports increased complement activity in schizophrenia and also shows that peripheral C4a up-regulation is related to increased peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines in healthy controls. Our region-specific, neuroimaging findings linked to an increased peripheral complement mRNA expression pattern suggests a role for complement in cortical thinning. Further studies are required to further clarify clinical and neurobiological consequences of aberrant complement levels in schizophrenia and related psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ji
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Helen Q Cai
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Bruggemann
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs & Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Australia; Speciality of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Maryanne O'Donnell
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Ramsay Health Care (SA) Mental Health Services, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis Liu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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21
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Steinweg JK, Roberts TA, Van Poppel MP, Lloyd D, Razavi R, Hajnal JV, Pushparajah K. Fetal Blood Flow Assessment Using Motion-Robust Whole Heart 4D Cine MRI. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Steinweg
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T. A. Roberts
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. P. Van Poppel
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D. Lloyd
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - K. Pushparajah
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Sawada C, Moreau C, Robinson GHJ, Steuernagel B, Wingen LU, Cheema J, Sizer-Coverdale E, Lloyd D, Domoney C, Ellis N. An Integrated Linkage Map of Three Recombinant Inbred Populations of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:196. [PMID: 35205241 PMCID: PMC8871737 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biparental recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations are sets of genetically stable lines and have a simple population structure that facilitates the dissection of the genetics of interesting traits. On the other hand, populations derived from multiparent intercrosses combine both greater diversity and higher numbers of recombination events than RILs. Here, we describe a simple population structure: a three-way recombinant inbred population combination. This structure was easy to produce and was a compromise between biparental and multiparent populations. We show that this structure had advantages when analyzing cultivar crosses, and could achieve a mapping resolution of a few genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Sawada
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Carol Moreau
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Gabriel H. J. Robinson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Burkhard Steuernagel
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Luzie U. Wingen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Jitender Cheema
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Ellen Sizer-Coverdale
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK;
| | - David Lloyd
- Germinal Horizon, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK;
| | - Claire Domoney
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Noel Ellis
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (C.S.); (C.M.); (G.H.J.R.); (B.S.); (L.U.W.); (J.C.); (C.D.)
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23
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Kian A, Pizzolato C, Halaki M, Ginn K, Lloyd D, Reed D, Ackland D. The effectiveness of EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal model calibration is task dependent. J Biomech 2021; 129:110698. [PMID: 34607281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calibration of neuromusculoskeletal models using functional tasks is performed to calculate subject-specific musculotendon parameters, as well as coefficients describing the shape of muscle excitation and activation functions. The objective of the present study was to employ a neuromusculoskeletal model of the shoulder driven entirely from muscle electromyography (EMG) to quantify the influence of different model calibration strategies on muscle and joint force predictions. Three healthy adults performed dynamic shoulder abduction and flexion, followed by calibration tasks that included reaching, head touching as well as active and passive abduction, flexion and axial rotation, and submaximal isometric abduction, flexion and axial rotation contractions. EMG data were simultaneously measured from 16 shoulder muscles using surface and intramuscular electrodes, and joint motion evaluated using video motion analysis. Muscle and joint forces were calculated using subject-specific EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal models that were uncalibrated and calibrated using (i) all calibration tasks (ii) sagittal plane calibration tasks, and (iii) scapular plane calibration tasks. Joint forces were compared to published instrumented implant data. Calibrating models across all tasks resulted in glenohumeral joint force magnitudes that were more similar to instrumented implant data than those derived from any other model calibration strategy. Muscles that generated greater torque were more sensitive to calibration than those that contributed less. This study demonstrates that extensive model calibration over a broad range of contrasting tasks produces the most accurate and physiologically relevant musculotendon and EMG-to-activation parameters. This study will assist in development and deployment of subject-specific neuromusculoskeletal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia
| | - Claudio Pizzolato
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Ginn
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Darren Reed
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - David Ackland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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24
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Ainsbury EA, Moquet J, Sun M, Barnard S, Ellender M, Lloyd D. The future of biological dosimetry in mass casualty radiation emergency response, personalized radiation risk estimation and space radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:421-427. [PMID: 34515621 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1980629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this brief personal, high level review is to consider the state of the art for biological dosimetry for radiation routine and emergency response, and the potential future progress in this fascinating and active field. Four areas in which biomarkers may contribute to scientific advancement through improved dose and exposure characterization, as well as potential contributions to personalized risk estimation, are considered: emergency dosimetry, molecular epidemiology, personalized medical dosimetry, and space travel. CONCLUSION Ionizing radiation biodosimetry is an exciting field which will continue to benefit from active networking and collaboration with the wider fields of radiation research and radiation emergency response to ensure effective, joined up approaches to triage; radiation epidemiology to assess long term, low dose, radiation risk; radiation protection of workers, optimization and justification of radiation for diagnosis or treatment of patients in clinical uses, and protection of individuals traveling to space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK.,Environmental Research Group within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Michele Ellender
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
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25
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Lloyd D. The future of in-field sports biomechanics: wearables plus modelling compute real-time in vivo tissue loading to prevent and repair musculoskeletal injuries. Sports Biomech 2021:1-29. [PMID: 34496728 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1959947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the use of biomechanics in identifying the mechanistic causes of musculoskeletal tissue injury and degeneration. It appraises how biomechanics has been used to develop training programmes aiming to maintain or recover tissue health. Tissue health depends on the functional mechanical environment experienced by tissues during daily and rehabilitation activities. These environments are the result of the interactions between tissue motion, loading, biology, and morphology. Maintaining health of and/or repairing musculoskeletal tissues requires targeting the "ideal" in vivo tissue mechanics (i.e., loading and deformation), which may be enabled by appropriate real-time biofeedback. Recent research shows that biofeedback technologies may increase their quality and effectiveness by integrating a personalised neuromusculoskeletal modelling driven by real-time motion capture and medical imaging. Model personalisation is crucial in obtaining physically and physiologically valid predictions of tissue biomechanics. Model real-time execution is crucial and achieved by code optimisation and artificial intelligence methods. Furthermore, recent work has also shown that laboratory-based motion capture biomechanical measurements and modelling can be performed outside the laboratory with wearable sensors and artificial intelligence. The next stage is to combine these technologies into well-designed easy to use products to guide training to maintain or recover tissue health in the real-world.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), in the Menzies Health Institute Queensland and Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute, Griffith University, Australia
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26
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Murray DB, Lloyd D. Multiple Rediscoveries and Misconceptions; the Yeast Metabolic Oscillation. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab039. [PMID: 35330950 PMCID: PMC8788767 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Myers R, Hutter J, Matthew J, Zhang T, Uus A, Lloyd D, Egloff A, Deprez M, Nanda S, Rutherford M, Story L. Assessment of the fetal thymus gland: Comparing MRI-acquired thymus volumes with 2D ultrasound measurements. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 264:1-7. [PMID: 34246829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fetal thymus gland has been shown to involute in response to intrauterine infection, and therefore could be used as a non-invasive marker of fetal compartment infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate how accurately 2D ultrasound-derived measurements of the fetal thymus reflect the 3D volume of the gland derived from motion corrected MRI images. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study was performed using paired ultrasound and MRI datasets from the iFIND project (http://www.ifindproject.com). To obtain 3D volumetry of the thymus gland, T2-weighted single shot turbo spin echo (ssTSE) sequences of the fetal thorax were acquired. Thymus volumes were manually segmented from deformable slice-to-volume reconstructed images. To obtain 2D ultrasound measurements, previously stored fetal cine loops were used and measurements obtained at the 3-vessel-view (3VV) and 3-vessel-trachea view (3VT): anterior-posterior diameter (APD), intrathoracic diameter (ITD), transverse diameter (TD), perimeter and 3-vessel-edge (3VE). Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability (ICC) was calculated for both MRI and ultrasound measurements. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were used to compare 2D-parameters with acceptable ICC to TV. RESULTS 38 participants were identified. Adequate visualisation was possible on 37 MRI scans and 31 ultrasound scans. Of the 30 datasets where both MRI and ultrasound data were available, MRI had good interobserver reliability (ICC 0.964) and all ultrasound 3VV 2D-parameters and 3VT 3VE had acceptable ICC (>0.75). Four 2D parameters were reflective of the 3D thymus volume: 3VV TD r = 0.540 (P = 0.002); 3VV perimeter r = 0.446 (P = 0.013); 3VV APD r = 0.435 (P = 0.110) and 3VT TD r = 0.544 (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS MRI appeared superior to ultrasound for visualization of the thymus gland and reproducibility of measurements. Three 2D US parameters, 3VV TD, perimeter and 3VT APD, correlated well with TV. Therefore, these represent a more accurate reflection of the true size of the gland than other 2D measurements, where MRI is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Myers
- King's College London School of Bioscience, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Matthew
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alena Uus
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Alexia Egloff
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Maria Deprez
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Surabhi Nanda
- Department of Fetal Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital London, UK
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Department of Perinatal Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Lisa Story
- Department of Fetal Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital London, UK; Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London, UK.
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28
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Nuta O, Bouffler S, Lloyd D, Ainsbury E, Sepai O, Rothkamm K. Investigating the impact of long term exposure to chemical agents on the chromosomal radiosensitivity using human lymphoblastoid GM1899A cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12616. [PMID: 34135387 PMCID: PMC8209142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic low-level exposure to chemical carcinogens with different modes of action on the cellular response to ionising radiation. Human lymphoblastoid GM1899A cells were cultured in the presence of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for up to 6 months at the highest non-(geno)toxic concentration identified in pilot experiments. Acute challenge doses of 1 Gy X-rays were given and chromosome damage (dicentrics, acentric fragments, micronuclei, chromatid gaps/breaks) was scored. Chronic exposure to 20 ng/ml 4NQO, 0.25 μg/ml MNU or 10 μM H2O2 hardly induced dicentrics and did not significantly alter the yield of X-ray-induced dicentrics. Significant levels of acentric fragments were induced by all chemicals, which did not change during long-term exposure. Fragment data in combined treatment samples compared to single treatments were consistent with an additive effect of chemical and radiation exposure. Low level exposure to 4NQO induced micronuclei, the yields of which did not change throughout the 6 month exposure period. As for fragments, micronuclei yields for combined treatments were consistent with an additive effect of chemical and radiation. These results suggest that cellular radiation responses are not affected by long-term low-level chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Nuta
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK.
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, 01000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Maine S, Ngo-Nguyen C, Barzan M, Stockton C, Modenese L, Lloyd D, Carty C. Bisect offset ratio and cartilaginous sulcus angle are good combined predictors of recurrent patellar dislocation in children and adolescents. J ISAKOS 2021; 6:265-270. [PMID: 33893181 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2020-000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) is found most commonly in the juvenile population. While risk factors have been well-established in adults, there remains a paucity in radiographical data to define normal and pathoanatomical juvenile cohorts. The objectives of this paper were to elucidate the differences in the patellofemoral joint between RPD and typically developed (TD) juvenile populations, using MRI measurements, and determine the best independent and combined predictors of RPD. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 RPD and 24 TD participants aged between 8 and 19 years. MR images were obtained to assess common measures of lower limb alignment, patellofemoral alignment, and trochlear dysplasia. RESULTS Significant differences were evident for acetabular inclination, tibial-femoral torsion, tibial tubercle-to-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, lateral patellar tilt (LPT), cartilaginous sulcus angle (CSA) and bisect offset ratio (BOR). CSA and BOR were included in the final predictive model, which correctly classified 89.4% of RPD cases. CONCLUSION Radiographical parameters that stratify risk of RPD in adults are also able to predict RPD in the pediatric population (TT-TG, LPT, CSA and BOR). Together, CSA and BOR accurately identified 89.4% of RPD. These measures should be included in the evaluation of pediatric patients who present with patellar dislocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheanna Maine
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina Ngo-Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martina Barzan
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Stockton
- Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luca Modenese
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Carty
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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30
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Nayar SK, Li D, Ijaiya B, Lloyd D, Bharathan R. Waterlow score for risk assessment in surgical patients: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:312-317. [PMID: 33851894 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Waterlow score (WS) is used routinely in clinical practice to assess risk of pressure sore development. Recent studies have also suggested its use in preoperative risk stratification. The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on the WS in predicting morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA and SWiM guidelines. A search strategy was conducted on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. FINDINGS Overall, 72 papers were identified, of which 7 met inclusion criteria for full text review, and 4 were included for analysis. All studies were cohort in nature and published between 2013 and 2016, encompassing a total of 505 surgical patients. The studies included general, vascular, transplant and orthopaedic surgery. A high WS was demonstrated to have statistically significant association with increased morbidity and mortality as well as need for intensive care unit admission and length of stay. Furthermore, this was a more accurate predictor compared with the P-POSSUM and ASA scoring systems used currently in routine practice. CONCLUSIONS The WS is a promising tool for risk stratification of surgical patients. It is already collected routinely by nursing staff throughout hospitals in the UK and would therefore be easy to implement. However, further large prospective studies are required in order to validate these findings prior to its establishment for this role in everyday surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nayar
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D Li
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Ijaiya
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Bharathan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
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Steinweg JK, Hui GTY, Pietsch M, Ho A, van Poppel MP, Lloyd D, Colford K, Simpson JM, Razavi R, Pushparajah K, Rutherford M, Hutter J. T2* placental MRI in pregnancies complicated with fetal congenital heart disease. Placenta 2021; 108:23-31. [PMID: 33798991 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important and common group of congenital malformations in humans. Concurrent development and close functional links between the fetal heart and placenta emphasise the importance of understanding placental function and its influence in pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate placental oxygenation by relaxometry (T2*) to assess differences in placental phenotype and function in CHD. METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional observational study, 69 women with a fetus affected with CHD and 37 controls, whole placental T2* was acquired using a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Gaussian Process Regression was used to assess differences in placental phenotype in CHD cohorts compared to our controls. RESULTS Placental T2* maps demonstrated significant differences in CHD compared to controls at equivalent gestational age. Mean T2* values over the entire placental volume were lowest compared to predicted normal in right sided obstructive lesions (RSOL) (Z-Score 2.30). This cohort also showed highest lacunarity indices (Z-score -1.7), as a marker of lobule size. Distribution patterns of T2* values over the entire placental volume were positively skewed in RSOL (Z-score -4.69) and suspected, not confirmed coarctation of the aorta (CoA-) (Z-score -3.83). Deviations were also reflected in positive kurtosis in RSOL (Z-score -3.47) and CoA- (Z-score -2.86). CONCLUSION Placental structure and function appear to deviate from normal development in pregnancies with fetal CHD. Specific patterns of altered placental function assessed by T2* deliver crucial complementary information to antenatal assessments in the presence of fetal CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K Steinweg
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Grace Tin Yan Hui
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Ho
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milou Pm van Poppel
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Colford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M Simpson
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Razavi
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Salgado D, Armean IM, Baudis M, Beltran S, Capella-Gutierrez S, Carvalho-Silva D, Dominguez Del Angel V, Dopazo J, Furlong LI, Gao B, Garcia L, Gerloff D, Gut I, Gyenesei A, Habermann N, Hancock JM, Hanauer M, Hovig E, Johansson LF, Keane T, Korbel J, Lauer KB, Laurie S, Leskošek B, Lloyd D, Marques-Bonet T, Mei H, Monostory K, Piñero J, Poterlowicz K, Rath A, Samarakoon P, Sanz F, Saunders G, Sie D, Swertz MA, Tsukanov K, Valencia A, Vidak M, Yenyxe González C, Ylstra B, Béroud C. The ELIXIR Human Copy Number Variations Community: building bioinformatics infrastructure for research. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 34367618 PMCID: PMC8311797 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24887.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are major causative contributors both in the genesis of genetic diseases and human neoplasias. While “High-Throughput” sequencing technologies are increasingly becoming the primary choice for genomic screening analysis, their ability to efficiently detect CNVs is still heterogeneous and remains to be developed. The aim of this white paper is to provide a guiding framework for the future contributions of ELIXIR’s recently established
human CNV Community, with implications beyond human disease diagnostics and population genomics. This white paper is the direct result of a strategy meeting that took place in September 2018 in Hinxton (UK) and involved representatives of 11 ELIXIR Nodes. The meeting led to the definition of priority objectives and tasks, to address a wide range of CNV-related challenges ranging from detection and interpretation to sharing and training. Here, we provide suggestions on how to align these tasks within the ELIXIR Platforms strategy, and on how to frame the activities of this new ELIXIR Community in the international context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina M Armean
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Michael Baudis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Capella-Gutierrez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB)/ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Carvalho-Silva
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Garcia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,ZB MED Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,ELIXIR Hub, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dietlind Gerloff
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nina Habermann
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lennart F Johansson
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Keane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jan Korbel
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Steve Laurie
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Brane Leskošek
- Faculty of Medicine - ELIXIR Slovenia, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pubudu Samarakoon
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirill Tsukanov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB)/ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Vidak
- Faculty of Medicine - ELIXIR Slovenia, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cristina Yenyxe González
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie Cellulaire, APHM, Hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
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Lloyd D. The 9th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology goes online in October 2020. Vet Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services Royal Veterinary College Hawkshead Campus University of London UK
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Sun M, Moquet J, Lloyd D, Ainsbury E. A faster and easier biodosimetry method based on calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by scoring excess objects. J Radiol Prot 2020; 40:892-905. [PMID: 32590374 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aba085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dicentric analysis and the ring PCC assay as established biodosimetry methods both have limitations in the estimation of absorbed doses in suspected overexposure cases between 5 and 10 Gy. The proposed method based on calyculin A-induced PCC overcomes these limitations by scoring excess objects as the endpoint. This new scoring method can potentially serve as a faster and up-scalable approach that complements the existing methods with higher accuracy at different dose ranges. It can also potentially be performed by less skilled workers when no automated system is available in mass casualty emergency cases to assist with the triage of patients. Additionally, it offers the possibility to further reduce the sample size and PCC induction time. In this pilot study, a calibration curve for excess objects was constructed using the new scoring method for the first time and a blind validation test composed of three unknown doses was carried out. Almost all the dose estimates were within the 95% confidence limits of the actual test doses by scoring only 50-100 PCC spreads. This method was found to be more accurate than ring PCC for doses below 10 Gy.
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Curtin F, Champion B, Davoren P, Duke S, Ekinci EI, Gilfillan C, Morbey C, Nathow T, O'Moore-Sullivan T, O'Neal D, Roberts A, Stranks S, Stuckey B, Vora P, Malpass S, Lloyd D, Maëstracci-Beard N, Buffet B, Kornmann G, Bernard C, Porchet H, Simpson R. A safety and pharmacodynamics study of temelimab, an antipathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope monoclonal antibody, in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1111-1121. [PMID: 32077207 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the first study of temelimab, a monoclonal antibody neutralizing the pathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial recruited adult patients with T1D within 4 years postdiagnosis and remaining C-peptide secretion. Sixty-four patients were randomized (2:1) to monthly temelimab 6 mg/kg or placebo during 24 weeks followed by a 24-week, open-label extension, during which all patients received temelimab. The primary objective was the safety and tolerability of temelimab. The secondary objective was to assess the pharmacodynamics response such as C-peptide levels, insulin use, HbA1c, hypoglycaemia and autoantibodies. RESULTS Temelimab was well tolerated without any group difference in the frequency or severity of adverse events. Concerning exploratory endpoints, there was no difference in the levels of C-peptide, insulin use or HbA1c between treatment groups at weeks 24 and 48. The frequency of hypoglycaemia events was reduced with temelimab (P = 0.0004) at week 24 and the level of anti-insulin antibodies was lower with temelimab (P < 0.01); the other autoantibodies did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Temelimab appeared safe in patients with T1D. Pharmacodynamics signals (hypoglycaemia and anti-insulin antibodies) under temelimab were observed. Markers of β-cell functions were not modified by treatment. These results need to be further explored in younger patients with T1D with earlier disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Curtin
- GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rue Perret-Gentil, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Champion
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Davoren
- Gold Coast Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Duke
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Gilfillan
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health and Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Nathow
- Ipswich Research Institute, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - David O'Neal
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Roberts
- Barwon Health, Department of Endocrinology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Stranks
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes & Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Stuckey
- Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands,, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Parind Vora
- Division of Medicine, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Malpass
- Southern Star Research, Gordon, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Southern Star Research, Gordon, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hervé Porchet
- GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Richard Simpson
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health and Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the literature on hip fracture mechanics and models of hip strain during exercise to postulate the exercise regimen for best promoting hip strength. RECENT FINDINGS The superior neck is a common location for hip fracture and a relevant exercise target for osteoporosis. Current modelling studies showed that fast walking and stair ambulation, but not necessarily running, optimally load the femoral neck and therefore theoretically would mitigate the natural age-related bone decline, being easily integrated into routine daily activity. High intensity jumps and hopping have been shown to promote anabolic response by inducing high strain in the superior anterior neck. Multidirectional exercises may cause beneficial non-habitual strain patterns across the entire femoral neck. Resistance knee flexion and hip extension exercises can induce high strain in the superior neck when performed using maximal resistance loadings in the average population. Exercise can stimulate an anabolic response of the femoral neck either by causing higher than normal bone strain over the entire hip region or by causing bending of the neck and localized strain in the superior cortex. Digital technologies have enabled studying interdependences between anatomy, bone distribution, exercise, strain and metabolism and may soon enable personalized prescription of exercise for optimal hip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Martelli
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Belinda Beck
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David Saxby
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Taylor
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA, 5042, Australia
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Sun M, Moquet J, Barnard S, Lloyd D, Ainsbury E. A Simplified Calyculin A-Induced Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) Protocol for the Biodosimetric Analysis of High-Dose Exposure to Gamma Radiation. Radiat Res 2020; 193:560-568. [PMID: 32216709 DOI: 10.1667/rr15538.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is an alternative biodosimetry method to the gold-standard dicentric analysis for ionizing radiation. However, existing literature shows great variations in the experimental protocols which, together with the different scoring criteria applied in individual studies, result in large discrepancies in the coefficients of the calibration curves. The current study is based on an extensive review of the peer-reviewed literature on the chemical-induced ring PCC (rPCC) assay for high-dose exposure. For the first time, a simplified yet effective protocol was developed and tested in an attempt to reduce the scoring time and to increase the accuracy of dose estimation. Briefly, the protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, was selected over okadaic acid for higher efficiency. Colcemid block was omitted and only G2-PCC cells were scored. Strict scoring criteria for total rings and hollow rings only were described to minimize the uncertainty resulting from scoring ring-like artefacts. It was found that ring aberrations followed a Poisson distribution and the dose-effect relationship favored a linear fit with an α value of 0.0499 ± 0.0028 Gy-1 for total rings and 0.0361 ± 0.0031 Gy-1 for hollow rings only. The calibration curves constructed by scoring ring aberrations were directly compared between the simplified calyculin A-induced PCC protocol and that of the cell fusion-induced PCC for high-dose exposure to gamma rays. The technical practicalities of these two methods were also compared; and our blind validation tests showed that both assays were feasible for high-dose γ-ray exposure assessment even when only hollow rings in 100 PCC spreads were scored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- Radiation Effects Department, Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Radiation Effects Department, Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Radiation Effects Department, Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- Radiation Effects Department, Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Radiation Effects Department, Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
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Starkey SC, Lenton GK, Saxby DJ, Hinman RS, Bennell KL, Wrigley T, Lloyd D, Hall M. Effect of exercise on knee joint contact forces in people following medial partial meniscectomy: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Gait Posture 2020; 79:203-209. [PMID: 32438267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy may cause knee osteoarthritis, which may be related to altered joint loading. Previous research has failed to demonstrate that exercise can reduce medial compartment knee loads following meniscectomy but has not considered muscular loading in their estimates. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of exercise compared to no intervention on peak medial tibiofemoral joint contact force during walking using an electromyogram-driven neuromusculoskeletal model, following medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy? METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). 41 participants aged between 30-50 years with medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy within the past 3-12 months, were randomly allocated to either a 12-week, home-based, physiotherapist-guided exercise program or to no exercise (control group). Three-dimensional lower-body motion, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyograms from eight lower-limb muscles were acquired during self-selected normal- and fast-paced walking at baseline and follow-up. An electromyogram-driven neuromusculoskeletal model estimated medial compartment contact forces (body weight). Linear regression models evaluated between-group differences (mean difference (95% CI)). RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in the change (follow-up minus baseline) in first peak medial contact force during self-selected normal- or fast-paced walking (0.07 (-0.08 to 0.23), P = 0.34 and 0.01 (-0.19 to 0.22), P = 0.89 respectively). No significant between-group difference was found for change in second peak medial contact force during normal- or fast-paced walking (0.09 (-0.09 to 0.28), P = 0.31 and 0.02 (-0.17 to 0.22), P = 0.81 respectively). At the individual level, variability was observed for changes in first (range -26.2% to +31.7%) and second (range -46.5% to +59.9%) peak tibiofemoral contact force. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to apply electromyogram-driven neuromusculoskeletal modelling to an exercise intervention in a RCT. While our results suggest that a 12-week exercise program does not alter peak medial knee loads after meniscectomy, within-participant variability suggests individual-specific muscle activation patterns that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Starkey
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin K Lenton
- Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Wrigley
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Engineering and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Hall
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Gillman N, Lloyd D, Bindra R, Ruan R, Zheng M. Surgical applications of intracorporal tissue adhesive agents: current evidence and future development. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:443-460. [PMID: 32176853 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1743682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Traditional mechanical closure techniques pose many challenges including the risk of infection, tissue reaction, and injury to both patients and clinicians. There is an urgent need to develop tissue adhesive agents to reform closure technique. This review examined a variety of tissue adhesive agents available in the market in an attempt to gain a better understanding of intracorporal tissue adhesive agents as medical devices.Areas covered: Fundamental principles and clinical determinants of the tissue adhesives were summarized. The available tissue adhesives for intracorporal use and their relevant clinical evidence were then presented. Lastly, the perspective of future development for intracorporal tissue adhesive were discussed. Clinical evidence shows current agents are efficacious as adjunctive measures to mechanical closure and these agents have been trialed outside of clinical indications with varied results.Expert opinion: Despite some advancements in the development of tissue adhesives, there is still a demand to develop novel technologies in order to address unmet clinical needs, including low tensile strength in wet conditions, non-controllable polimerization and sub-optimal biocompatibility. Research trends focus on producing novel adhesive agents to remit these challenges. Examples include the development of biomimetic adhesives, externally activated adhesives, and multiple crosslinking strategies. Economic feasibility and biosafety are limiting factors for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gillman
- School of Medicine, Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Griffith Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Engineering, Menzies Health Institute, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Randy Bindra
- School of Medicine, Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Rui Ruan
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Griffith Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Engineering, Menzies Health Institute, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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40
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Gilbert K, Hammond KD, Brodsky VY, Lloyd D. An appreciation of the prescience of Don Gilbert (1930-2011): master of the theory and experimental unravelling of biochemical and cellular oscillatory dynamics. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1283-1298. [PMID: 32162760 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We review Don Gilbert's pioneering seminal contributions that both detailed the mathematical principles and the experimental demonstration of several of the key dynamic characteristics of life. Long before it became evident to the wider biochemical community, Gilbert proposed that cellular growth and replication necessitate autodynamic occurrence of cycles of oscillations that initiate, coordinate and terminate the processes of growth, during which all components are duplicated and become spatially re-organised in the progeny. Initiation and suppression of replication exhibit switch-like characteristics, that is, bifurcations in the values of parameters that separate static and autodynamic behaviour. His limit cycle solutions present models developed in a series of papers reported between 1974 and 1984, and these showed that most or even all of the major facets of the cell division cycle could be accommodated. That the cell division cycle may be timed by a multiple of shorter period (ultradian) rhythms, gave further credence to the central importance of oscillatory phenomena and homeodynamics as evident on multiple time scales (seconds to hours). Further application of the concepts inherent in limit cycle operation as hypothesised by Gilbert more than 50 years ago are now validated as being applicable to oscillatory transcript, metabolite and enzyme levels, cellular differentiation, senescence, cancerous states and cell death. Now, we reiterate especially for students and young colleagues, that these early achievements were even more exceptional, as his own lifetime's work on modelling was continued with experimental work in parallel with his predictions of the major current enterprises of biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Gilbert
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | | | - Vsevolod Y Brodsky
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117808, Russia
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
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Roberts JMK, Schouten CN, Sengere RW, Jave J, Lloyd D. Effectiveness of control strategies for Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps mercedesae in Papua New Guinea. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 80:399-407. [PMID: 32072354 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apiculture in the Pacific island country of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is under significant pressure from emerging parasitic mites, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps mercedesae. Although numerous mite control products exist, beekeepers in PNG have limited resources and access to these products and their effectiveness under local conditions is untested. Here we determined the effectiveness of two brood manipulation strategies-queen caging and queen removal-for managing V. jacobsoni and T. mercedesae in comparison to the chemical miticide Bayvarol®. Our results found Bayvarol was the most effective control strategy for V. jacobsoni, maintaining high efficacy (> 90%) over 4 months with significantly reduced levels of V. jacobsoni compared to untreated control hives. In contrast, T. mercedesae were significantly reduced by the brood manipulation strategies over 2 months, but not significantly by Bayvarol compared to the controls. These results highlight that a combination of strategies is likely needed to effectively manage both mite pests in PNG. We discuss how these findings are relevant to informing best practice for honey bee biosecurity and how these strategies can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of mite management for PNG beekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M K Roberts
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
| | - Cooper N Schouten
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Reuben W Sengere
- Coffee Industry Corporation Ltd, Aiyura, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - John Jave
- National Department of Agriculture and Livestock, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Lloyd D, Millet CO, Williams CF, Hayes AJ, Pope SJA, Pope I, Borri P, Langbein W, Olsen LF, Isaacs MD, Lunding A. Functional imaging of a model unicell: Spironucleus vortens as an anaerobic but aerotolerant flagellated protist. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 76:41-79. [PMID: 32408947 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in optical microscopy are continually narrowing the chasm in our appreciation of biological organization between the molecular and cellular levels, but many practical problems are still limiting. Observation is always limited by the rapid dynamics of ultrastructural modifications of intracellular components, and often by cell motility: imaging of the unicellular protist parasite of ornamental fish, Spironucleus vortens, has proved challenging. Autofluorescence of nicotinamide nucleotides and flavins in the 400-580 nm region of the visible spectrum, is the most useful indicator of cellular redox state and hence vitality. Fluorophores emitting in the red or near-infrared (i.e., phosphors) are less damaging and more penetrative than many routinely employed fluors. Mountants containing free radical scavengers minimize fluorophore photobleaching. Two-photon excitation provides a small focal spot, increased penetration, minimizes photon scattering and enables extended observations. Use of quantum dots clarifies the competition between endosomal uptake and exosomal extrusion. Rapid motility (161 μm/s) of the organism makes high resolution of ultrastructure difficult even at high scan speeds. Use of voltage-sensitive dyes determining transmembrane potentials of plasma membrane and hydrogenosomes (modified mitochondria) is also hindered by intracellular motion and controlled anesthesia perturbs membrane organization. Specificity of luminophore binding is always questionable; e.g. cationic lipophilic species widely used to measure membrane potentials also enter membrane-bounded neutral lipid droplet-filled organelles. This appears to be the case in S. vortens, where Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy unequivocally images the latter and simultaneous provides spectral identification at 2840 cm-1. Secondary Harmonic Generation highlights the highly ordered structure of the flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Coralie O Millet
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J Hayes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marc D Isaacs
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lunding
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead campus University of London UK
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Bowen IM, Redpath A, Dugdale A, Burford JH, Lloyd D, Watson T, Hallowell GD. BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:13-27. [PMID: 31657050 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Bowen
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Redpath
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Dugdale
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - J H Burford
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, UK
| | - T Watson
- Waterlane Equine Vets, Stroud, UK
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Maine ST, O'Gorman P, Barzan M, Stockton CA, Lloyd D, Carty CP. Rotational Malalignment of the Knee Extensor Mechanism: Defining Rotation of the Quadriceps and Its Role in the Spectrum of Patellofemoral Joint Instability. JB JS Open Access 2019; 4:JBJSOA-D-19-00020. [PMID: 32043051 PMCID: PMC6959918 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.19.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseous rotational malalignment of the lower limb is widely accepted as a factor contributing to patellofemoral instability, particularly in pediatric patients. Patellar instability occurs when the lateral force vector generated by the quadriceps exceeds the restraints provided by osseous and soft-tissue anatomy. The anatomy and activation of the quadriceps are responsible for the force applied across the patellofemoral joint, which has previously been measured using the quadriceps (Q)-angle. To our knowledge, the contribution of the quadriceps anatomy in generating a force vector in the axial plane has not previously been assessed. The primary aim of this study was to introduce the quadriceps torsion angle, a measure of quadriceps rotational alignment in the juvenile population. The secondary aims of this study were to determine the inter-assessor and intra-assessor reliability of the quadriceps torsion angle in the juvenile population and to investigate whether a large quadriceps torsion angle is a classifier of patellar dislocator group membership in a mixed cohort of patellar dislocators and typically developing controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheanna T Maine
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Martina Barzan
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher A Stockton
- Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher P Carty
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Croxford AK, Parker RA, Burford JH, Lloyd D, Boswell JC, Hughes TK, Phillips TJ. Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle; its occurrence and association with clinical outcome in a population of adult horses with stifle lameness. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:379-383. [PMID: 31710379 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle (CMFC) is a potential cause of stifle lameness in adult horses. However, there is scant published evidence of either its occurrence or its clinical significance. OBJECTIVES To document the occurrence of CMFC seen during diagnostic arthroscopy in adult horses with stifle lameness and to investigate its prognostic significance. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS The records were reviewed of all horses with unilateral or bilateral lameness localised to the stifle that underwent diagnostic arthroscopy of the cranial medial femorotibial joint at a UK equine hospital. The surgical findings were noted from each. Case outcomes were determined by unstructured telephone discussions with owners. A satisfactory outcome was defined as a horse that was in ridden work without ongoing anti-inflammatory medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create a model with an outcome time point at 12-month post-operatively. RESULTS One hundred and four horses were included in the study. CMFC was found in 79. In 25 CMFC was the only finding, 54 horses had CMFC plus other pathology and 25 had other pathology, but no CMFC. At 12 months, horses with CMFC were 9.9 (95% CI 2.2-45.0, P<0.01) times more likely to have an unsatisfactory outcome than horses without CMFC. MAIN LIMITATIONS The study relied on retrospective analysis of clinical notes and archived arthroscopy videos. Assessment of outcome was determined by unstructured telephone interview and therefore there is potential for reporting errors to exist. CONCLUSIONS CMFC is a common arthroscopic finding in horses with stifle lameness and is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of the horse not being in ridden work at long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R A Parker
- Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire, UK
| | - J H Burford
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire, UK
| | - J C Boswell
- Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire, UK
| | - T K Hughes
- Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire, UK
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Kian A, Pizzolato C, Halaki M, Ginn K, Lloyd D, Reed D, Ackland D. Static optimization underestimates antagonist muscle activity at the glenohumeral joint: A musculoskeletal modeling study. J Biomech 2019; 97:109348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Lloyd D, Liu X, Christopher JW, Cantley L, Wadehra A, Kim BL, Goldberg BB, Swan AK, Bunch JS. Correction to Band Gap Engineering with Ultralarge Biaxial Strains in Suspended Monolayer MoS 2. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7548. [PMID: 31512467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Martinez-Marquez D, Jokymaityte M, Mirnajafizadeh A, Carty CP, Lloyd D, Stewart RA. Development of 18 Quality Control Gates for Additive Manufacturing of Error Free Patient-Specific Implants. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3110. [PMID: 31554254 PMCID: PMC6803939 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unlike subtractive manufacturing technologies, additive manufacturing (AM) can fabricate complex shapes from the macro to the micro scale, thereby allowing the design of patient-specific implants following a biomimetic approach for the reconstruction of complex bone configurations. Nevertheless, factors such as high design variability and changeable customer needs are re-shaping current medical standards and quality control strategies in this sector. Such factors necessitate the urgent formulation of comprehensive AM quality control procedures. To address this need, this study explored and reported on a variety of aspects related to the production and the quality control of additively manufactured patient-specific implants in three different AM companies. The research goal was to develop an integrated quality control procedure based on the synthesis and the adaptation of the best quality control practices with the three examined companies and/or reported in literature. The study resulted in the development of an integrated quality control procedure consisting of 18 distinct gates based on the best identified industry practices and reported literature such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline for AM medical devices and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, to name a few. This integrated quality control procedure for patient-specific implants seeks to prepare the AM industry for the inevitable future tightening in related medical regulations. Moreover, this study revealed some critical success factors for companies developing additively manufactured patient-specific implants, including ongoing research and development (R&D) investment, investment in advanced technologies for controlling quality, and fostering a quality improvement organizational culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mirnajafizadeh
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Christopher P Carty
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research and Education Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Moloney J, Partridge C, Delanty S, Lloyd D, Nguyen MH. High efficacy and patient satisfaction with a nurse‐led colorectal cancer surveillance programme with 10‐year follow‐up. ANZ J Surg 2019; 89:1286-1290. [DOI: 10.1111/ans.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Moloney
- Department of SurgeryGosford Hospital Central Coast Region New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Sue Delanty
- Stomal TherapyLaunceston General Hospital Launceston Tasmania Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of SurgeryLaunceston General Hospital Launceston Tasmania Australia
| | - M. Hung Nguyen
- Department of SurgeryLaunceston General Hospital Launceston Tasmania Australia
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